Today, internet has become an integral part of people’s lives, influencing the daily

activities of almost every human being. Evidently, every second smart phones with
sophisticated functionalities are released out in the market. It infers that internet
users in accordance with the booming smart phone use are multiplying vigorously
day by day. Thus, connecting everything possessed by a human to the internet and
subsequently monitoring and further controlling through smart phones is the goal
of this project.
IOT is the area of network in connection with consequences, result and actions via
internet allowing them to send and receive data. Here, things are connected among
themselves without human intervening for automatic identification of intended
activities.

IOT helps in sharing of information from sensors through wireless network,

achieving identification and informational exchange in open computing network
and achieving transparent management of system.
Things that we are using in our daily life are becoming smart with the current
technologies, but it isn’t enough until we link them to act with the changing
environment and additionally make their own inter-network, that is, machine-to-
machine communication.
In a dynamically changing city area, creating and maintaining public transport
system, smart provision of electric energy, water and gas distribution systems,
waste management and maintenance of the city infrastructure like roads and public
parks are some of the challenging activities to be taken care of. We believe these
complex systems will be better addressed with IOT technology.

How does the Internet of Things Work?

A complete IOT system integrates four distinct components: sensors/devices,

connectivity, data processing, and a user interface. The IOT works on similar
principles.

1) Sensors/Devices

First, sensors or devices collect data from their environment. This could be as
simple as a temperature reading or as complex as a full video feed. I use
“sensors/devices,” because multiple sensors can be bundled together or sensors can
be part of a device that does more than just sense things. For example, your phone
is a device that has multiple sensors (camera, accelerometer, GPS, etc.), but your
phone is not just a sensor. However, whether it’s a stand-alone sensor or a full
device, in this first step data is being collected from the environment by something.
2) Connectivity

Next, that data is sent to the cloud but it needs a way to get there!

The sensors/devices can be connected to the cloud through a variety of

methods including: cellular, satellite, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, low-power wide-area
networks (LPWAN), or connecting directly to the internet via Ethernet. Each
option has tradeoffs between power consumption, range and bandwidth choosing
which connectivity option is best comes down to the specific IoT application, but
they all accomplish the same task: getting data to the cloud

SENSORS
/DEVICES

INTERNET
USER CONNECTIVIY
INTERFACE OF THINGS

DATA
PROCESSING
3) Data Processing

Once the data gets to the cloud, software performs some kind of processing on it.
This could be very simple, such as checking that the temperature reading is within
an acceptable range. Or it could also be very complex, such as using computer
vision on video to identify objects (such as intruders in your house).But what
happens when the temperature is too high or if there is an intruder in your house?
That’s where the user comes in.

4) User Interface

Next, the information is made useful to the end-user in some way. This could be
via an alert to the user (email, text, notification, etc). For example, a text alert
when the temperature is too high in the company’s cold storage. Also, a user might
have an interface that allows them to proactively check in on the system. For
example, a user might want to check the video feeds in their house via a phone app
or a web browser. However, it’s not always a one-way street. Depending on the
IOT application, the user may also be able to perform an action and affect the
system. For example, the user might remotely adjust the temperature in the cold
storage via an app on their phone. And some actions are performed automatically.
Rather than waiting to adjust the temperature, the system could do it automatically
via predefined rules. And rather than just call to alert you of an intruder, the IoT
system could also automatically notify relevant authorities.
The Three Cs of IOT

Communication:

IOT communicates information to people and systems, such as state and

health of equipment (e.g.it’s on or off, charged, full or empty) and data from
sensors that can monitor a person’s vital signs. In most cases, we didn’t have
access to this information before or it was collected manually and infrequently. For
example, an IOT-enabled HVAC system can report if its air filter is clean and
functioning properly. Almost every company has a class of assets it could track.
GPS-enabled assets can communicate their current location and movement.
Location is important for items that move, such as trucks, but it’s also applicable
for locating items and people within an organization. In the healthcare industry,
IoT can help a hospital track the location of everything from wheelchairs to cardiac
defibrillators to surgeons. In the transportation industry, a business can deliver real-
time tracking and condition of parcels and pallets. For example, Maersk can use
sensors to track the location of a refrigerated shipping container and its current
temperature.

Control and Automation:

In a connected world, a business will have visibility into a device’s

condition. In many cases, a business or consumer will also be able to remotely
control a device. For example, a business can remotely turn on or shut down a
specific piece of equipment or adjust the temperature in a climate-controlled
environment. Meanwhile, a consumer can use IoT to unlock their car or start the
washing machine. Once a performance baseline has been established, a process can
send alerts for anomalies and possibly deliver an automated response. For example,
if the brake pads on a truck are about to fail, it can prompt the company to take the
vehicle out of service and automatically schedule maintenance.

Cost Savings:

Many companies will adopt IoT to save money. Measurement provides

actual performance data and equipment health, instead of just estimates.
Businesses, particularly industrial companies, lose money when equipment fails.
With new sensor information, IOT can help a company save money by minimizing
equipment failure and allowing the business to perform planned maintenance.
Sensors can also measuring items, such as driving behavior and speed, to reduce
fuel expense and wear and tear on consumables. New smart meters in homes and
businesses can also provide data that helps people understand energy consumption
and opportunities for cost savings.
6.2. Blynk
Blynk is a platform with iOs and Android apps to control Arduino, ESP8266
Raspberry Pi and similar microcontroller boards over the internet. It was designed
for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware remotely; it can display sensor
data, visualize it and do many other cool things. It provides an app you can install
right on your android or iOS device and start interacting with your projects.

Blynk App: –

It allows you to create amazing interfaces for your projects using various
widgets which are provided. It is a digital dashboard where you can build a graphic
interface for your project by simply dragging and dropping widgets. It is really
simple to set everything. Blynk is not tied to some specific board or shield. Instead,
it's supporting hardware of your choice. Whether your Arduino or Raspberry Pi is
linked to the Internet over Wi-Fi, Ethernet or this new ESP8266 chip, Blynk will
get you online and ready for the Internet Of Your Things.

Fig: Blynk Ap
Blynk Server: – It is responsible for all the communications between the
smartphone and hardware. You can use the Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk
server locally. Its open-source could easily handle thousands of devices and can
even be launched on a Raspberry Pi.

Fig 12: Blynk cloud architecture.

Blynk Libraries:
It enables communication, for all the popular hardware platforms, with the
server and process all the incoming and out coming commands. Now imagine,
every time you press a Button in the Blynk app, the message travels to the Blynk
Cloud, where it magically finds its way to your hardware. It works the same in the
opposite direction and everything happens in a blynk of an eye.

Characteristics of Blynk are:

 Similar API & UI for all supported hardware & devices
 Connection to the cloud can be done using Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, BLE and
USB (Serial)
 Set of easy-to-use Widgets
 Direct pin manipulation with no code writing
 Easy to integrate and add new functionality using virtual pins
 History data monitoring via History Graph widget
 Device-to-Device communication using Bridge Widget
 Sending emails, tweets, push notifications, etc.