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Arab Water World December 2017
Serving the Water, Wastewater, Desalination & Energy Sectors in MENA - Since 1977 www.awwmag.com
December 2017 | Vol. XL Issue 10
INTRODUCTION DEPARTMENTS
Issue Content....................................................01 Corporate Happenings....................................47
Opening Letter...............................................02 Projects & Developments...............................49
MENA Water Digest.......................................04 Products & Services.......................................54
10
WATER TREATMENT EVENTS
Sterilization
Events Preview...............................................59
AWW Exclusive: Water Well
Events Review................................................60
Disinfection Procedures...................................07
SERVICES
WASTEWATER TREATMENT Coming Events...............................................61
Biological Wastewater Treatment Buyers’ Guide................................................62
AWW Exclusive, SAF: An Ideal Process
18
for Sewage & Industrial Wastewater...............10
AWW Exclusive: The Use of Treated Grey Water
in Urban Agriculture in Soukra........................12 INFO
General Information........................................6 3
Closing Letter.................................................64
DESALINATION TECHNOLOGY
Electrodialysis Reversal
EDR Is an Effective Way
To Demineralize Brackish Water.......................15
CPH Team
26
(Email domain is @cph.world)
Founders
FEATURE • Mr. Fathi Chatila • Mrs. Mona Chatila (1944 - 2006)
30
• Senior Administrative Officer
Borewell Segment Expected to Lead the
Abdul Rahman Hallak / ar.hallak@
Submersible Pumps Market Through 2027........23
Engines, Generators & Compressors Content & Research
Rotary Lobe or Screw Blowers? • Editor-in-Chief
Take A Close Look!.........................................28 Fathi Chatila / f.chatila@
Solar Energy
• Editor & Researcher / Social Media Officer
MENA Is Achieving Significant Results Fatima Saab / f.saab@
in Solar Energy...............................................34
Marketing & Sales
54
• Marketing & Sales Manager
COUNTRY REPORTS Jad L. Aboulhosn / j.aboulhosn@
57
Protection & Monitoring of Water Bodies
Shatha Yahfoufi / s.yahfoufi@
Have a Long Tradition in Austria.....................44
Turkey Cover Photo Courtesy of
Valuing Water Resources in Turkey..................45 Eflo International Ltd, UK
Published by CPH World Media s.a.r.l. - Beirut, Lebanon Helping Advance MENA & Beyond! Since 1977
لبنان، بريوت- .م.م.ميديا ش تصدر عن يس يب أتش ورلد 1977 نساعد بتطوير الرشق األوسط وشامل أفريقيا وأبعد! منذ www.cph.world
OPENING LETTER
The membrane bioreactors (MBR) systems market in the Kingdom of Saudi تشهد سوق أنظمة املفاعالت،ووف ًقا لتقرير صدر مؤخ ًرا عن رشكة فروست أند سوليفان
Arabia (KSA), United Arab Emirate (UAE), and Iran is witnessing double- الحيوية ذو الغشاء يف اململكة العربية السعودية واإلمارات العربية املتحدة وإيران
digit growth as wastewater treatment, reuse and recycling initiatives gain مزدوجا حيث تكتسب مبادرات معالجة املياه املستعملة وإعادة استخدامها ً من ًوا
momentum, according to a recent report by Frost & Sullivan. Energy ً وإعادة تدويرها
efficiency, an attractive payback period, and prolonged life span are further
ينبغي أن، ولإلستفادة من ثروة الفرص غري املستغلة.زخم كب ًريا
factors augmenting growth. To harness a wealth of untapped opportunities, يتعاون موردو األغشية مع مصنعي املعدات األصلية املحليني يف مجال املياه ومدمجي
membrane suppliers should collaborate with local water original equipment .النظم من أجل النفاذ إىل مشاريع جديدة مربحة والوصول إىل سوق بديلة مواتية
manufacturers (OEMs) and system integrators to access lucrative new-
build projects and a ripe replacement market. ِّ
ديسمرب من مج َّلة عامل املياه العريب مواضيع مختلفة ومثرية/ يغطي عدد كانون األول
الضوء عىل أفضل عملية معالجة بيولوجية10 فيلقي مقال الصفحة.لإلهتامم
The December 2017 issue of Arab Water World (AWW) magazine
covers a number of interesting projects and topics. On page 10, the article
17 ويتناول املقال يف الصفحة.ملياه املجاري والرصف الصحي يف القطاع الصناعي
sheds the light on the SAF technology as an ideal process for sewage and عىل34 وير ِّكز مقال الصفحة.دراسة حالة تصف كيفية خفض تكاليف توريد املياه
industrial wastewater. The article on page 17 is a case study describes how كام يزخر هذا.سوق الطاقة الشمسية يف منطقة الرشق األوسط وشامل أفريقيا
to reduce water supply costs. Moreover, the article on page 34 focuses on .العدد مبقاالت تتقنية وتقارير حول البلدان باإلضافة إىل آخر أخبار قطاع املياه
the solar energy market in the MENA region. This issue is also abounded
with a number of technical articles, country reports, and the latest industry
news.
2018 يناير من العام/وأو ُّد أن ألفت انتباهكم إىل َّأن بداية شهر كانون الثاين
)سيتم اعتامد اسم جديد ملج َّلة عامل املياه العريب ليصبح (ووتر إتش كيو
I would like to draw your kind attention that starting January 2018, Arab إذ، و ُتعترب مسألة "إعادة تسمية العالمة التجارية" هذه تطو ًرا طبيع ًيا.water HQ
Water World will evolve to water HQ. This ‘rebranding’ is a natural evolution مهمتنا املتم ِّثلة يف توفري منصة تتناول أخبار القطاع الصناعي
َّ تعكس بشكل جيل
which reflects better our mission to provide a multi-faceted cutting-edge مخصصة للمهنيني وأصحاب األعامل واملدراء يف جميع َّ متعددة األوجه ومتطورة
industry platform to professionals and business owners & managers –
worldwide - while ensuring same or better level of high quality relevant
. مع املحافظة عىل جودة املحتوى الذي نقدِّمه بل والعمل عىل تطويره،أنحاء العامل
content is provided. Special focus will be made on digital aspect with a وسنصب اهتاممنا بشكل خاص عىل العامل الرقمي من خالل اعتامد بوابة صناعية ُّ
dedicated industry portal at www.waterhq.world which shall be launched .2018 يناير/ سيتم إطالقها اعتبا ًرا من كانون الثاينwww.waterhq.world مخصصة َّ
beginning January 2018.
لذا أس ِّلم. يف خدمة هذا املجال41 أستحقُّ الراحة اآلن بعد أن أمضيت سنوايت الـ،ختا ًما
Finally, after being in this business for the last 41 years, it is time for me
to take a well-deserved rest and to handover the reigns to my son Rabih,
وأنا أثق كل الثقة بأ َّنه سيحرص عىل إحداث تطوير وتقدُّ م،نجيل ربيع د َّفة القيادة
whom I am confident will ensure continuous development and progress to .مستمرين لكل العالمات التجارية التابعة لرشكة (يس يب إتش) وللخدمات التي تو ِّفرها
all CPH brands and services.
!أودِّعكم تودي ًعا حا ًرا متم ِّن ًيا لكم األفضل
I bid you a fond farewell and wish you the very best.
Fathi Chatila
فتحي شاتيال
Editor-in-Chief رئيس التحرير
Kindly send us your comments, feedback & thoughts to info@awwmag.com info@awwmag.com نرجو إرسال تعليقاتكم ومالحظاتكم وآرائكم عىل
Fattah Al Sisi in November 2017. The plants will add around 1.3 gigawatts to
Bahrain pair discussed potential partnerships
covering smart cities, smart electricity
Libya's electricity-generation capacity.
Extra electricity supply is badly needed
networks, and desalination. “We in Libya, where there have been frequent
S.U.N’s Launching have a plan for the next five years to
produce one million m3/d of seawater
power cuts in recent years because
of rising demand and the degradation
The Solar Utilities Network (S.U.N) will desalination for the coastal cities, and of infrastructure linked to political and
be launched in conjunction with the Gulf a clear perception of the locations economic turmoil in the oil-rich nation.
Industry Fair 2018. “The S.U.N. initiative of these stations. We are working to Last month, a group of Turkish employees
will contribute to the growing awareness benefit from your experience in this working on a power station in the city of
of how Solar will affect industry and sector for the rapid and high quality Ubari was evacuated after four of their
society and the commercial opportunities implementation of these stations,” said colleagues were kidnapped, stalling work
for both users and suppliers.” Says minister of housing, utilities, and urban at the plant and highlighting the still-high
Jubran Abdulrahman Managing Director communities Mustafa Madbouli. risks of working in the country.
of organizer’s HCE. “The solar power
renewable energy opportunities are
expanding rapidly in the GCC. Solar
power in the Gulf is becoming a viable
option, for energy diversification
strategies. The movement away from
traditional Carbon-based energy sources
is also creating a requirement for reskilling
of the workforce.” adds Abdulrahman.
The Solar Utilities Network will promote
a network of expertise and provide a
knowledge exchange for those in the
Solar and Renewable energy sectors.
The forum will cover topics surrounding
the solar energy policies that will be
implemented by the governments in the
GCC countries. “Solar is of global interest
and the Network is organized against
the backdrop of an Exhibition looking
at products and services promoting
industrial development.
UAE
One Step Initiative
Dubai Electricity and Water
Authority (DEWA) confirmed that
its One Step initiative saves time and
effort by reducing the number of steps
needed to activate, deactivate, or
transfer electricity and water services
without needing to visit DEWA’s
customer happiness centers. It also
provides customers with more smart
payment options. DEWA is asking the
public to vote for the One Step initiative,
which has qualified for the Hamdan bin
Mohammed Smart Program for Smart
Government, which is managed by
an integrated plan of high human Dubai’ the Model Centre, which is a part
potential and mechanism supported by of The Executive Council of Dubai. The
an integrated technical system. Riyadh One Step initiative allows the activation
Municipality plan includes recruitment of of electricity and water services for
more than (2000) engineers, supervisors DEWA’s customers, once they receive
and workers equipped with more than their Ejari contract from one of over 800
(600) equipment to drain rainwater real estate companies certified by the
from all sites of water gatherings after Dubai Land Department. It also allows
rainfall immediately. The emergency customers to transfer their accounts
plan also included the responsibilities when moving to new accommodation
and duties of all participants during the within Dubai while keeping their security
rainfall and coordination with Ministry deposits. Their registered information
of Transportation, National Water is kept on file, removing the need to
on the project in 2012. The seawater Company and Saudi Electricity submit any additional documents or
reverse osmosis desalination plant has Company. Riyadh Municipality visit a DEWA Customer Happiness
capacity of 191,000 m3/d, and cost confirmed that rainy season has priority Centre. Customers can also deactivate
USD215 million. The shares are to be in business work of Municipality, whether electricity and water services, and get
sold on Muscat Securities Market, and for both projects of implementation or their final bill, using DEWA’s smart app
the advisor is Bank Muscat. continued maintenance works. Riyadh or website.
Wastewater Treatment
Biological Wastewater Treatment
10 AWW Exclusive, SAF: An Ideal Process
for Sewage & Industrial Wastewater
12 AWW Exclusive: The Use of Treated Grey Water
in Urban Agriculture in Soukra
14 EFLO Introduces a New Water Treatment Solution
14 Veolia Wins Contract To Bring Up To Standard
Bonneuil-En-France
Desalination Technology
Electrodialysis Reversal
15 EDR Is an Effective Way
To Demineralize Brackish Water
WATER TREATMENT Sterilization
hours, to a minimum of 1000 “contact potential impacts of chlorination dictate can damage new wells, cause failure
units”. Thus, if you are using a solution that the procedure should be part of a of existing fouled wells, and present a
of 250 ppm, you’ll need a minimum scientific based process – take the time potential hazardous condition for the
of 4 hours contact time. When to evaluate the well, securing laboratory crew and environment – take the time
possible, allow the solution to stand samples, pump data, or even a well to understand the problem downhole
overnight, downhole with periodic video to correctly identify the condition and do it right!
agitation. During chlorination efforts, of the well, need for disinfection,
we advise regular monitoring of the and the methods employed, prior to Michael J. Schnieders, PG, PH-GW
Water Systems Engineering, Inc.
downhole solution to insure sufficient beginning treatment. Misapplication of E-mail: jmschnieders@h2osystems.com
chlorine remains. There are several chlorine, a strong oxidizing chemistry, Web: www.h2osystems.com
commercially available test strips
that allow you to monitor the chlorine
residual. It is recommended that you
strive to maintain a minimum active
concentration of 50ppm downhole
during treatment. Once chlorination
is complete, begin evacuation of
the well from the bottom, working
upwards, until all debris has been
evacuated from the well. Monitor
your chlorine concentration to insure
evacuation of the treatment solution.
It is also advised that you monitor
conductivity and visual turbidity to
insure that all disrupted material has
been evacuated from the well. Once
disinfection efforts are completed,
the well should be returned to an
active operating schedule as soon
as possible. Disposal of the chlorine
solution is a growing concern,
with regulations present in many
States. The basic procedure is to
capture the evacuated fluids and
neutralize the chlorine content prior
to disposal. There are a variety of
chlorine neutralizing products on the
market including NW-500, sodium
bisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, and
ascorbic acid. Prior to evacuation,
estimate the volume of water you will
discharge from the well to adequately
flush the chlorine solution. Provide
for a tank sufficient to hold the
evacuated solution or a portion of
it. Measure the chlorine level of the
water and calculate the dose of the
selected neutralizer required. Monitor
the chlorine level within the tank
to insure adequate neutralization.
Once sufficiently de-chlorinated,
the solution can generally be safely
discharged. Check your local laws
and regulation to insure you are
operating correctly. Well disinfection
is a common but important form of
maintenance. The hazards, costs, and
The small volume of the media bed because only the air supply necessary The latter particularly benefit from the
requires a small footprint, hence, the for the biomass can be applied. high biomass concentration; equivalent
complete SAF plant itself requires a Excessive air and energy is not needed to 9000 mg/l MLSS (volatile). This
small land area. Biological treatment for keeping biomass of moving bed provides a long sludge age and low
plants fall into two general groups; fixed media in suspension. It’s a win - win sludge production. This long sludge
biomass and suspended biomass. The for SAF technology. Naturally, the age, achieved by very gentle conditions
SAF plant is the former and because the quality of the final effluent is of utmost in the biozone, creates an attached
biomass is fixed on the media bed, it is importance and here again the SAF biomass that provides full nitrification
just a case of gently moving the water leads with typically a 15:15 (BOD: and partial de-nitrification deep within
to be treated through the media bed Suspended Solids) quality before the the biomass layer. Apart for these
to ensure the biomass comes benefits, the ‘sloughed’ waste
into full contact with the organic
rich water. This is often done by “…the SAF fixed film technology has the downstream clarifier without
sludge is very easy to settle in
hydraulic displacement using a great advantage because only the air carry over and also without any
very little energy. Conversely,
other designs require extensive
supply necessary for the biomass can sludge bulking issues caused by
filamentous bacteria. The SAF
energy inputs to keep the be applied” technology is ‘straight through’.
biomass is suspension and the This means no Return Activated
‘aeration tanks’ fully mixed. The next application of tertiary treatment. Sand Sludge systems are required, saving
most important aspect of biological filtration after the SAF plant will see an money and operator knowhow. The
treatment is the air supply for the effluent quality of 10:10 or better. The SAF technology is well proven in
biomass. Once again, the SAF fixed SAF process is aerobic and ideal for the MENA region efficiently treating
film technology has a great advantage sewage and industrial waste waters. the sewage and waste waters from
numerous facilities including exclusive
hotel resorts, municipal applications,
labor camps and industrial applications.
One unusual application of growing
interest is for the de-nitrification of
treated sewage effluent before it is re-
used or discharged to the sea, lakes
or for underground aquifer recharge.
This is achieved by modifying the SAF
to a SNAF standing for Submerged
Non Aerated Filter. By eliminating the
air diffusion system and relaxing it with
a hydraulic flow control system, the
aerobic SAF becomes and anaerobic/
anoxic SNAF suitable for de-nitrification
of treated sewage effluents.
This limited use of TWW is caused by pollutants. Untreated greywater can requirements without considering
many factors such as the low quality of contain far lower densities of pathogens physical and chemical parameters.
the water treatment caused and the low than effluent water from a traditional Greywater is often used for landscape
capacity of the wastewater treatment wastewater treatment plant. Treated and crop irrigation. It can be also used
plants. A potential new source of water greywater can thus be expected to have for toilet flushing, washing of vehicles
supply is greywater, the wastewater a much better microbiological quality and windows and fire protection. Many
produced in a household without than any kind of mixed wastewater. countries have already started to use it,
the toilet wastewater (blackwater). Currently there are only very few and e.g. in several projects in Jordan where
Greywater represents 50 - 80 wastewater from households,
percent of the total wastewater
from households and includes
“Untreated greywater can contain children playground, ablutions of
worshippers, was collected and
wastewater from baths, far lower densities of pathogens reused to irrigate ornamental
showers, washing machines than effluent water from a traditional plants, shrubs and olive trees.
and dishwashers, laundries Although Germany is not
and kitchens. The chemical wastewater treatment plant” considered a water-poor country,
composition of greywater varies the greywater aspect has been
greatly and reflects the lifestyle of the mostly local regulations and guidelines for dealt with a great interest. Domestic
residents and the chemicals used in the the recycling of greywater which mainly greywater reuse is legal, but must be
household for washing-up, laundry etc. focus on healthy and environmental registered with the Health Office. It is
It often contains high concentrations impacts. The guideline released by the mostly used for toilet flushing and garden
of easily degradable organic material, World Health Organization (WHO) in irrigation. Sweden and Norway have also
nutrients, metals and other toxic 2006 only outlines the microbiological done research and have implemented
greywater systems in some student
Table 1: Greywater quality before and after treatment compared to the Tunisian Standard
NT106.03 and WHO guidelines
dormitories and apartment buildings.
In Tunisia, experiences with greywater
Greywater
Parameters Before NT106.03/WHO
have started in 2010 with two projects
After treatement focusing on the greywater treatments
treatement
pH 7 8.1 6.5 - 8.5 and reuses in peri-urban areas. These
EC dS/m 2.1 2.7 7 projects are “The sustainable water
Ionic composition (mg/l)
Na 16.1 20 - management, concepts towards a ZERO
Cl 12.7 17.6 - outflow municipality” conducted by the
Metallic trace elements (mg/l) Center for Studies and Research
Cd 0.010 0.010 0.01
Co 0.030 0.030 0.1 in Water Technologies (CERTE) in a
Cr 0.035 0.035 0.1 student house building and the PURE
Cu 0.015 0.015 0.5 project “Use of rainwater and greywater
Fe 0.46 0.320 5
Mn 0.115 0.095 0.5 in agriculture to improve the socio-
Ni 0.04 0.045 0.2 economic conditions of the population of
Pb 0.04 0.040 1 Soukra-Ariana,” supported by Canadian
Zn 0.075 0.060 5
Biological parameters (mg O2/l) institute CRDI and coordinated by
DBO5 35.85 10.69 30 the NGO UNESCO-ALECSO Club
DCO 156.88 52.88 90 Association of Ariana - Tunisia. This
Microbiological elements (UFC/100 ml)
Total coliform 1.1 10 5
4.6 10 2
2 10 3 project was started 2009 in the Soukra
Escherichia coli 1.1 105 <1 0 area located 6 km northeast of the Tunis
S.F 1.1 105 <1 1 103 city. First, 11 farm households were
The positively charged cations migrate differently from those in unidirectional ED, electrode streams automatically switch
toward the cathode, pass through according to a report by the American flows in the two types of compartments.
the cation-exchange membrane and Water Works Association. EDR Streams that were in demineralizing
are rejected by the anion-exchange systems, first developed in the 1960s, compartments become concentrate
membrane, and vice versa for negatively incorporate electrical polarity reversal to streams, and concentrate streams
charged anions that migrate to the control membrane scaling and fouling. become demineralizing streams.
anode. This result in an alternating These systems are designed to produce Because of the corrosive nature of
enriched ion concentration in one demineralized water continuously the anode compartments, electrodes
compartment (concentrate) and depleted without continuous chemical addition are constructed of an inert metal,
concentration in the other (diluate). EDR during normal operation. In EDR usually platinum coated. The current-
is similar to ED, except that it also uses systems, the polarity of the electrodes reversal process affects the operation
periodic reversal of polarity to effectively is reversed two to four times each hour. of a membrane system by detaching
reduce membrane scaling and fouling, When polarity is reversed, chemical polarization films, breaking up freshly
thus allowing the system to operate precipitated scale or seeds of scale
at relatively higher water recoveries. “In EDR systems, the polarity of before they can cause damage,
ED selectively removes dissolved reducing slime formations on
solids, based on their electrical the electrodes is reversed two to membrane surfaces, reducing
charge, by transferring the brackish four times each hour” problems associated with the use of
water ions through a semipermeable chemicals, and cleaning electrodes
ion exchange membrane charged reactions at the electrodes are reversed. with acid automatically during anodic
with an electrical potential. ED can At the negative electrode, reactions operation. Both ED and EDR are
achieve only low removal of neutrally produce hydrogen gas and hydroxide electrically driven membrane processes
charged species (e.g., many organic ions. Hydroxide raises the pH of the that selectively remove soluble ionic
compounds, boron, silica). ED and EDR water, causing calcium carbonate constituents carrying electrical charges
have been utilized for municipal water (CaCO3) precipitation. At the positive that pass through permeable ion
and wastewater treatment plants and electrode, reactions produce acid, exchange membranes. The natural
for desalination of brackish water and oxygen, and some chlorine. The acid electrical conductivity of water allows ED
reclaimed water. Electrodialysis Reversal tends to dissolve any calcium carbonate and EDR processes to be applied to a
Electrode compartments in EDR perform present to inhibit scaling. Valves in the wide range of water treatment objectives.
In ED and EDR systems, the membranes
are impermeable only to water and
to particles that have a particular
characteristic (e.g., a certain charge), so
these systems do not present a barrier
to remove bacteria or non-charged
organic contaminants. In contrast, RO,
NF, UF, and MF systems filter water
through membranes designed to remove
contaminants in the molecular and ionic
size ranges, effectively removing Giardia
cysts and enteric viruses. RO can be
used in combination with ED and EDR
to remove these contaminants and to
further concentrate the waste stream.
Fatima Saab
Editor & Researcher / Social Media Officer
savings of USD3,300. An added benefit an emergency or loss of water supply tank continued to provide the desired
of the control system is that with an from DWSD. This fall DWSD had a water pressure to the city’s customers.
elevated storage tank in the City’s power issue at a nearby facility that Residents did not notice any pressure
Northwest District they can automatically is the main feed into the City. Working changes even though DWSD supply
feed over half the city in the event of together, the control valves and storage pressures were as low as 20 psi. The
seamless operations of the five control
valves averted a situation that before
their installation could have resulted in
a system wide precautionary boil water
advisory. “We received several low
supply pressure alarms yet our system’s
pressure barely changed. We were glad
we had the storage tank and control
valves on this morning,” said Dave
Brown, Pump Maintenance Supervisor
II for Oakland County. The results have
already been very successful. The ability
to tightly control usage has allowed
Oakland County to renegotiate their
rates from their supplier providing them
with an annual rate savings of USD3.3
Million. The USD16 million project is
projected to pay for itself in 6-7 years.
Mark Magda
Product Manager for Singer™
Singer Valve
Email: singer@singervalve.com
Web: www.singervalve.com
Concrete Deposits
in Pipes N E W
SOFREL LX
DATA LOGGERS
IIoT solutions for water networks efficiency
Solar Energy
34 MENA Is Achieving Significant Results in Solar Energy
New Additions to Analytical Portfolio
36 Compact Thermosiphon Solar Water Heater System
36 DEWA’s Water Reservoirs to be Powered by Solar
PV Systems
INDUSTRY SPOTLIGHTS Borehole Pumps
made of silicon carbide: the best and respect to the axial loads of Caprari
most effective technological solution high-performance wet ends: this
in terms of resistance to wear, provides a wide safety margin for
abrasive liquids and thermal shocks. extreme applications, ensuring a long
The thrust bearing is oversized with product lifespan.
EasyWell motors
To start with: There is no hard and fast rule. type is best, but also to predict the If there is no resistance in the line – for
However, there are several useful factors potential energy savings. In that respect, example, in pneumatic conveying, there is
that will help you to arrive at a decision. The some compressors that may at first no bulk material in the line – the feed-in
potential uses for blowers are numerous. appear to be the most efficient option of air causes practically no back pressure.
Industrial applications extend from the may in fact rank lower when running at Rotary lobe blowers can therefore
aeration of fluids (wastewater treatment, partial capacity or for only a few hours a be called "adaptive", as they always
bioreactors, flotation) and air injection for day. generate only as much pressure as is
furnaces to the pneumatic conveying of needed to overcome the current level of
bulk materials and fluidization. As a rule, Functional differences resistance in the process. Screw blowers,
these applications are in low pressure But let's start by looking at the by contrast, have intermeshing screw-
ranges and at pressure differentials of up thermodynamic and design differences shaped rotors. The inlet air is trapped in
to 1 bar. However, they are characterized between rotary lobe blowers and screw the grooves of the rotors. It is squeezed
by very diverse loads and running times. compressors to arrive at recommendations and decreased in volume as the rotor
Some of them, especially in connection for their ideal applications. A look at turns before being discharged through the
with fluid aeration, require the blower outlet port. Consequently, a decrease
to deliver a highly variable volume “The volume of air captured between in volume and corresponding
flow at constant pressure. Other the cylinder and lobes remains increase in pressure take place in the
applications, such as the pneumatic compressor itself. The ratio of the
conveying of bulk materials, show constant as the rotors turn, i.e. during inlet and outlet volume is determined
wide pressure fluctuations over time the compression process” by the geometry of the rotor and the
combined with a stable volume outlet port. The compression process
flow. Sometimes blowers are placed in the geometry of the rotors reveals the corresponds to the principle of isentropic
idle mode, which means that they keep decisive distinction between these two compression. It takes less displacement
running with no process-side pressure compressor technologies. In rotary work to expel an already reduced volume
from the downstream distribution network. lobe blowers, the male and female of air against the pressure in the process
This happens, for example, when no bulk rotors have identical cross sections, line. This saves energy, especially at higher
material is being fed into the transport line for example with a three-lobe design, pressure levels. However, it is important to
while the blower is running. positioned longitudinally. The volume of ensure that the required operating pressure
When selecting the most suitable air captured between the cylinder and for the process is close to the pressure
compressor technology for your lobes remains constant as the rotors turn, generated by the rotary compressor
application, the first question is whether a i.e. during the compression process. through its internal compression in the
variable volume flow is needed and, if so, In thermodynamics this is referred to compression chambers. Discharge
within what range. After that it must be as an isochoric process. The actual pressure in excess of the required
determined how the required operating pressure is built up downstream from the operating pressure is referred to as over-
pressure will vary over time. You should compressor in the process line. It results pressure. It means that more compression
have these two facts at hand not only to from air molecules being constantly than necessary is performed. As a result,
determine in general which compressor pushed against the resistance in the line. the potential energy savings are lower.
Table 1: At a pressure differential of 500 mbar, i.e. 1.5 bar operating pressure (absolute); It is also important to remember that
pressure ratio: 1.5: screw compressors, even when there is
no downstream pressure, for example
Case A B when there is no bulk material in the line,
Idle ratio 0% 50 % still create pressure due to the internal
generation of pressure in the chambers. As
Rotary lobe blower 140,800 kWh 90,800 kWh a result, they use more energy than rotary
Screw blower 125,600 kWh 103,200 kWh lobe blowers in this operating mode. The
following two examples present specific
Saving with screw blower 11 % -14 % data to highlight the difference.
Example Table 2: At a pressure differential of 1000 mbar, i.e. 2.0 bar operating pressure (absolute);
Case A: Constant pressure during entire pressure ratio: 2.0
operating time, e.g. when drawing air Case A B
into basins for wastewater treatment with
constant depth. No idle mode, i.e. no Idle ratio 0% 50 %
blower operation without back pressure. Rotary lobe blower 254,400 kWh 147,600 kWh
Case B: Alternating operation against
back pressure and in idle mode, i.e. unit Screw blower 188,800 kWh 134,800 kWh
sometimes operates with no pressure.
Saving with screw blower 26 % 8.7 %
This case is often seen, for example, in the
pneumatic transport of bulk materials.
required pressure and volume flow before the maximum pressure and volume
Comparison: purchasing a system. Ideally, this should flow required while operating at peak
Inlet pressure 1.0 bar, volume flow 15 m³/ take the form of a projection based on efficiency under the conditions that occur
min, operating time: 8,000 hours per year, real-world assumptions or, for existing most frequently in reality. Compressor
varying load and idle ratios. systems, by tracking pressure over manufacturers can use various analysis
time. Otherwise there is a risk of basing systems on request to track operating
The above examples clearly show that the energy cost projections and the choice of pressures and other operating data to
potential savings through the use of screw compressor on rare peak loads instead perform computer-based simulations to
blowers increase with higher pressure of the average operating pressure. The compare energy consumption.
differentials and longer load hours. same applies for the required volume
flow over time. The goal is to find the Marcus Jungkunst
Product Support
Summary best blower for the common operating
Daniela Koehler
Screw and rotary lobe blowers operate ranges to avoid optimizing energy use Media Spokesperson
at maximum efficiency only when they for a highly unusual operating status that Email: daniela.koehler@kaeser.com
are used appropriately. It is therefore is only reached on a few days per year. Kaeser Kompressoren SE
essential to make a detailed analysis of the The blower must be designed to deliver Web: www.kaeser.com
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PV on an upward trajectory
Solar PV is predicted to account for the
lion’s share of new capacity in the region,
especially in Jordan and the UAE, James
Kurz, senior consultant at Apricum. The
Berlin-based cleantech advisory acted
as financial advisor to Swedish advanced
materials startup Sol Voltaics in raising
USD17 million, bringing in the Saudi
Arabian fund Riyadh Valley Company
as the lead investor. “We expect a PV
market that is much more diversified than
CSP and wind. Our forecast is for 1 GW
to 1.5 GW of PV to be installed in the
MENA region during 2017,” Kurz said.
“The two largest markets will be Jordan,
comprised of IPP tenders, EPC projects MW of installed wind and solar capacity trajectory in tariffs driven by competitive
and commercial and industrial projects, by the end of 2016, according to the tendering based on lowest cost of energy
and the UAE, mainly from DEWA’s IPP Energy and Minerals Regulatory as well as the continuing decline in costs
tender and Shams rooftop programs,” he Commission. Overall, the country is of PV system components. The next
noted. Jordan’s Ministry of Energy and targeting 10 percent, or 1,800 MW of major PV tender in the region is currently
Mineral Resources (MEMR) recently renewable capacity by 2020, of which underway in Saudi Arabia where the
invited expressions of interest for 200 MW 600 MW will come from solar PV. Saudi Electricity Company is tendering
of PV capacity as part of Round 3 100 MW,” Kurz highlighted. At the
of the direct proposal submissions “Jordan’s Round 1 of the feed-in-tariff same time, local installed costs for
process that was. “Jordan’s
Round 1 of the feed-in-tariff (FIT)
(FIT) program has been successful with utility-scale PV have fallen from 7
US cents/Watt in 2008 to less than
program has been successful all projects achieving financial close” 1.5 US cents in mid-2015, a drop
with all projects achieving financial of almost 75 percent, according
close. The attractive FIT, strong regulatory Price competitiveness to the International Renewable
framework and appropriate contracts are In the UAE, DEWA’s 800 MW-third phase Energy Agency (IRENA). For the price
relevant factors,” said Gurmeet Kaur, head of the 5 GW Mohammed bin Rashid al- of a 10 MW plant in 2008, the UAE can
of projects in the UAE at global law firm Maktoum solar park made headlines in now build 46 MW, the agency stated in
Eversheds. “Whilst the country removed June 2016 for its low tariff of 2.99 US its Renewable Energy Roadmap 2030.
the FIT and shifted to an open competitive cents/kWh. The project was awarded “The biggest tenders have been in the
model in Round 2, the projects were to a Masdar-led consortium comprising UAE, particularly the Sweihan and DEWA
successfully awarded and now in process Spanish firms Fotowatio Renewable Phase III tenders, which will both result in
of reaching financial close. Therefore, for Ventures and Gransolar. An even over 1 GW being installed by 2020,” said
new markets, an approach which starts lower bid of 2.42 US cents/kWh was Kurz. “Additional smaller tenders already
with a good FIT and then moves to a submitted for Abu Dhabi’s 350 MW underway such as those in Jordan, Saudi
more competitive open tender is sensible Sweihan PV project in September by Arabia, Morocco and Egypt will also drive
and would balance the interest of both an Asian consortium, which offered to significant market growth through 2020.
the private and public sector,” said Kaur. expand the plant to 1,170 MW at 2.30 US In Saudi Arabia particularly, we expect
Jordan was expected to have about 500 cents/kWh. “There is a clear downward the country to ramp up quickly following
Secondary markets
Secondary markets for PV in 2017 will be
Morocco and Egypt, where larger utility-
scale projects are being finally realized,
said Kurz. One of the latest projects to
be awarded was the 170 MW Noor PV 1
in Ouarzazate, which ACWA Power and
Chint consortium won after submitting be the CSP hub of the MENA region. by 2020. In Saudi Arabia, CSP will be used
the lowest tariff at 4.8 US cents/kWh. However, Gulf countries including Kuwait, in three ISCC stations–Duba 1, Waad Al
Egypt, on the other hand, was on the UAE and Saudi Arabia already have Shamal, and Taiba–all being developed
verge of losing investor confidence concrete plans to build CSP projects by Saudi Electricity Company (SEC).
after a long delay in signing PPAs under alongside PV to take advantage of CSP’s Notably, SEC managed to secure the
Round 1 of the FIT program. However, storage capabilities,” Kurz noted. CSP cheapest cost per installed kilowatt for
in mid-October 2016, Egypt’s Ministry projects at different stages of development each of Duba 1 and Waad Al Shamal:
of Electricity and Renewable Energy are now underway in Kuwait, the UAE, less than USD1,600/kW, compared to
(MOERE) finally signed eight PPAs worth Saudi Arabia, and Morocco. These are a the average global price of USD5,550/
for 400 MW of solar capacity, representing mix of standalone units, hybrid PV-CSP, kW for parabolic trough in 2015, based
a much lower capacity that the original and integrated combined solar cycle on IRENA estimates.
2.5 GW targeted by 2017. Nearly 80 (ISCC) stations. The majority of these
local and international companies had plants are initial phases of megaprojects. Evolving frameworks
prequalified at the time. On October 28, For example, Kuwait’s 50 MW Shagaya According to Aleksi Lumijarvi, program
2016, the Ministry launched Round 2 of CSP, scheduled to come online in early officer at IRENA, current frameworks in
the program, limiting it to developers who 2018, falls under the first phase of the the MENA region are largely focused on
prequalified in Round 1, until it reaches Shagaya Master Plan. The three-phased large-scale individual projects and favor
the target capacity of 2,000 for solar multi-technology park is planned to international consortia, an approach
and 2,000 MW for wind. If these which does not encourage
capacities were not met by Round 1 “Dubai’s 200 MW solar-tower project development of local value chains.
qualified companies, then the door also represents the first phase of a More needed
advanced frameworks were
to unlock private-sector
will be opened for newcomers. A
number of changes will apply in larger scheme that aims to deploy activity, he said. Clint Dempsey,
Phase Two, according to Dr. Fatma 1,000 MW of CSP by 2030” principal associate in Evershed’s
Salah, managing partner at law firm banking and finance team,
Riad & Riad. These include lower FITS generate 2,000 MW by 2030, including recommends the standardization of
and new local content requirements. For 1,150 MW of CSP, 700 MW of PV, and documents as an efficient de-risking strategy
PV projects between 20 MW and 50 MW, 140 MW of wind. The first PV and wind that can benefit the region’s solar industry.
tariffs have been reduced from 14.34 plants, each 10 MW, were connected to “As we have seen with the IFC’s scaling
US cents/kWh to 8.40 US cents/kWh. the grid in November 2016. MENA Solar solar program, which proved successful
Developers will also be required to use a Market Outlook for 2017 formerly known in in emerging markets such as Zambia,
minimum of 30 percent local content in as MENASOL, pre-order the MENA New a standard bankable suite of documents
solar projects. Energy 2017 program (Dubai 25-26 April) can save an enormous amount of time and
here Bid, Win and Develop Cash Rich cost in achieving financial close.” Dempsey
CSP on the agenda Projects in MENA some of the confirmed expects that green sukuk will open another
Since Masdar’s Shams project, CSP speakers include: Dubai’s 200 MW avenue of funding in region. “I also
activity has mostly concentrated in solar-tower project also represents the expect to see commercial banks coming
Morocco, where the 500 MW Noor first phase of a larger scheme that aims into play in countries such as Jordan,
Ouarzazate complex is quickly taking to deploy 1,000 MW of CSP by 2030. where we have seen successful Round 1
shape. But in the last two years, Likewise, Morocco’s Noor Midelt, which and 2 programs funded by development
governments across the region have comprises 800 MW of hybrid solar plants, finance institutions.”
shown increased confidence in the is part of the government’s long-term plan New Energy Update
technology. “Morocco will continue to to generate 2,000 MW from solar energy Web:www.newenergyupdate.com
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DEPARTMENTS
Events
Events Preview
59 Breakthrough Smart
Project Lebanon Water Technologies
2017:
Building on Great Potential
Events Review
60 Exhibitors & Visitors Commend Diversity
of 19th WETEX and 2nd Dubai Solar Show
60 Aquatech Amsterdam 2017 Hits All the
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EVENTS Events Preview
2018 Info:
Hannover Messe Sodeks Fuarcılık A.Ş.
Industry Exhibition in Kuwait
04 – 05
Tel: +90 212 334 69 00 Radisson Blu Hotel Kuwait
January Fax: +90 212 347 10 96 Kuwait – Kuwait
E-mail: info@sodex.com.tr
Web: www.hmsf.com Info:
United Arab Emirates
Promedia International
INTERNATIONAL WATER SUMMIT March Tel: +965 2246 2212
The International Water Summit Is a Unique Fax: +965 2246 2214
Global Platform for Promoting Water Sustain- Saudi Arabia E-mail: info@promediakw.com
ability in Arid Regions Web: www.promediakw.com
15 – 18 The Big 5 Saudi
Abu-Dhabi National Exhibition Center – Adnec International Exhibition for Building,
Abu Dhabi – UAE Water Technology & Environment,
Info: and Air Conditioning & Refrigeration June
Afrina Nasrin 05 – 08
Reed Exhibitions Jeddah Centre for Forums & Events
Tel: +971 2 4090387 Jeddah – Saudi Arabia Lebanon
E-mail: afrina.nasrin@reedexpo.ae ECORIENT
Web: www.internationalwatersummit.com Info:
International Trade Exhibition & Confer-
dmg :: events Middle East, Asia & Africa ence for Environmental Technologies,
Tel: +971 4 4380355 Sustainability, Alternative Energy, Water
Fax: :+971 4 4380361 Technology and Clean Energy
United Arab Emirates 09 – 11
E-mail: dmgdubai@dmgeventsme.com
World Future Environment Exhibition Web: www.dmgeventsme.com BIEL - Beirut International Exhibition &
Exhibition & Conference Focused On Leisure Center
Beirut – Lebanon
Comprehensive Solutions in the Environmental
Equipment, Technology and Services Sectors Info:
15 – 18
Algeria
International Fairs and Promotion (IFP)
Abu-Dhabi National Exhibition Center – Adnec Siee-Pollutec Algérie Tel: +961 5 959 111
Abu-Dhabi – UAE International Exhibition of Equipment Fax: +961 5 959 888
and Services of Water Email: info@ifpexpo.com
Info: 12 – 15 Web: www.ifpexpo.com
Reed Exhibitions Middle East Palais des Expositions d'Alger
Tel: +971 2 4917615 Algeria – Algeria
Fax: +971 2 4917612 October
Email: mohamad.mehieddine@reedexpo.ae Info:
Web: www.reedexpo.com Reed Expositions France
Tel: +33 (0)1 47 56 50 00 Saudi Arabia
Fax: +33 (0)1 47 56 51 00
February E-mail: info@reedexpo.fr
Saudi Agriculture
Water Technology and Agri
Web: www.reedexpo.fr Industry Exhibition
Turkey 07 - 10
Riyadh International Exhibition Centre
ISK-SODEX Riyadh – Saudi Arabia
International Exhibition for HVAC&R, Pumps, April
Valves, Fittings, Water Treatment Info:
Riyadh Exhibitions Co. Ltd
and Insulation
Kuwait Tel: +966 1 229 5604
07 – 10 Fax: +966 1 229 5612
TÜYAP Fair Convention and Congress Center Kuwait Green Building Email: info@recexpo.com
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material for CPH World Media. .العريب” إال بإذن مسبق من يس يب اتش ورلد ميديا
Saeed Mohammed Al Tayer, MD & CEO of Dubai Electricity and العضو المنتدب الرئيس التنفيذي لهيئة كهرباء ومياه،شارك سعيد محمد الطاير
Water Authority (DEWA), has participated in a discussion panel جمع. في حلقة نقاشية ضمن فعاليات "منتدى قيادة األعمال اآلسيوي،دبي
at the Asian Business Leadership Forum (ABLF). The Forum, which
was held under the theme ‘The Evolving Face of Asia: The Rise of
صعود القيادة التي تركز- المنتدى الذي عقد تحت عنوان "وجه آسيا الصاعد
Future‑Focused Leadership,’ brought together a number of world عدداً من القادة العالميين حيث تمت مناقشة مجموعة من،"على المستقبل
leaders who discussed different topics related to leadership. .الموضوعات في القيادة
“The UAE has taken stringent measures to address climate
change, by preserving natural resources, expanding clean energy
من،"اتخذت دولة اإلمارات تدابير صارمة للتصدي للتغير المناخي:قال الطاير
and implementing green growth plans. All these contribute to وتطبيق، وزيادة نسبة الطاقة النظيفة،خالل المحافظة على الموارد الطبيعية
achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030, and we كل هذه التدابير تسهم في تحقيق أهداف األمم المتحدة.خطط التنمية الخضراء
have already been working for quite some time to achieve these حيث سعت الدولة للمشاركة في تحقيق هذه األهداف،2030 للتنمية المستدامة
strategic goals. Dubai is leading the way in promoting sustainable
energy as it steadily works to diminish its carbon footprint while
، وفي هذا اإلطار. معايير االعتمادية والموثوقية وبتكلفة معقولة.االستراتيجية
maintaining a secure, reliable and affordable supply of power ،تعمل هيئة كهرباء ومياه دبي على تنفيذ حلول مُبتكرة لتحسين كفاءة اإلنتاج
and water. In this regard, Dubai Electricity and Water Authority is وذلك، والتقليل من الفاقد في النقل والتوزيع،وتطبيق مبادرات إلدارة الطلب
implementing innovative solutions to improve supply side efficiency, ً ووضعت دبي أهدافا.تحت مظلة مبادرة الشبكات الذكية التي أطلقتها الهيئة
apply demand side management (DSM) initiatives, and reduce
transmission and distribution losses, under the umbrella of our
وتقوم هيئة كهرباء ومياه دبي،طموحة لزيادة االعتماد على الطاقة النظيفة
smart grid initiative. Dubai has established ambitious clean energy والحد، وإدارة الطلب على الطاقة،بدور أساسي في زيادة نسبة الطاقة المتجددة
targets with DEWA, playing an instrumental role in increasing its ."من البصمة الكربونية
renewable energy targets, managing energy demand, and further
reducing its carbon footprint,” added Al Tayer.
"نعمل على تطبيق جميع الخطط واألهداف المستقبلية في إطار:وتابع سعادته
“We work to implement all future plans and objectives in adherence التي تهدف إلى تحويل دبي إلى مركز،2050 استراتيجية دبي للطاقة النظيفة
with the Dubai Clean Energy Strategy 2050, to transform Dubai في المئة من طاقة اإلمارة75 وتوفير،عالمي للطاقة النظيفة واالقتصاد األخضر
into a global hub for clean energy and green economy. The لتصبح دبي المدينة األقل في،2050 من خالل مصادر الطاقة النظيفة بحلول عام
strategy aims to provide 75 percent of the Emirate’s energy from
clean energy by 2050, to become the city with the lowest carbon نعمل، وفي هذا اإلطار.2050 البصمة الكربونية على مستوى العالم بحلول عام
footprint in the world by 2050. This is why we are building the والذي ستصل طاقته،على بناء مجمع محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم للطاقة الشمسية
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park with an installed وفق نموذج المنتج المستقل2030 ميجاوات بحلول عام5000 اإلنتاجية إلى
capacity of 5,000 MW by 2030 based on the Independent Power
وسوف يُسهم المجمّع. مليار دوالر أمريكي13 وباستثمارات تصل إلى،)IPP(
Producer (IPP) model, with investments totaling USD13 billion.
The solar park will contribute to reduce 6.5 million tons of carbon .ً مليون طن من االنبعاثات الكربونية سنويا6.5 عند اكتماله في خفض أكثر من
emissions a year. Our strategy involves moving from a carbon- وتتضمن استراتيجيتنا في االنتقال من اقتصاد يعتمد على الكربون إلى اقتصاد
intensive economy to a greener one, via the USD27 billion Dubai مليار دوالر أمريكي الذي27 إطالق صندوق دبي األخضر بقيمة،صديق للبيئة
Green Fund that encourages green investment and fosters green
كما وضعت دبي استراتيجية الحد.يشجع االستثمار األخضر والتنمية الخضراء
growth. Also, Dubai has developed a Carbon Abatement Strategy
targeting a reduction of 16 percent in Carbon Emissions by 2021,” في المئة16 من االنبعاثات الكربونية والتي تهدف إلى خفض االنبعاثات بنحو
said Al Tayer. ."2021 بحلول عام