98-Ind-B10 / May 2016

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National Exams May 2016

98-Ind-B10 - Industrial Safety and Health

I, (i) State the areas other than operator error that can cause failure of equipment and accident.
Name and explain the new engineering discipline or concept that grew out of the idea of
other areas responsible for accident causation or avoidance.
(ii) State the costs associated with the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) and
OHSA standards that companies, especially the smaller (20 to 250 employees) ones,
generally object to because they feel that such costs are not economically justifiable.
(iii) Explain the manner by which unsafe conditions contributing to an unsafe act resulting
in an accident, can be uncovered,

1. (i) State the costs associated with Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) and OHSA
Standards that companies, especially the smaller ones, generally object to because they feel
that such costs for improvement are not economically justifiable.
(ii) What is your understanding of the concept of "system safety", while dealing with
accident causation or avoidance?
(iii) State the new hazards in non-traditional sectors in industry that are emphasized by the
OHSA Act.

1. (i) Explain the emphasis placed by Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) to deal with
the new hazards in non-traditional sectors of industry that include service industries.
(ii) State the means by which workplace safety and health can be improved through
information technology or electronic access to regulatory information and services.
(iii) What are the cooperative agreements the companies may establish with OHSA for
maintaining safe and healthful employment to obtain exemption from certain formal
inspections?

1. (i) State the basic objectives of the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA).
(ii) Explain the concept of "system safety" in the context of accident investigation.
(iii)What are back-out and recovery as they apply to accident prevention?

1. (i) State the areas other than operator error that can cause failure of equipment and accident.
Name and explain the new engineering discipline or concept that grew out of the idea of
other areas responsible for accident causation or avoidance.
(ii) State the costs associated with the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) and
OHSA standards that companies, especially the smaller (20 to 250 employees) ones,
generally object to because they feel that such costs are not economically justifiable.
(iii) Explain the manner by which unsafe conditions contributing to an unsafe act resulting
in an accident, can be uncovered.

1. (i) Explain the emphasis placed by Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) to deal with the new
hazards in non-traditional sectors of industry that include service industries.
(ii) State the means by which workplace safety and health can be improved through information
technology or electronic access to regulatory information and services.
(iii) What are the cooperative agreements the companies may establish with OHSA for maintaining
safe and healthful employment to obtain exemption from certain formal inspections?
1. (i) State the basic objectives of the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA).
(ii) Explain the concept of "system safety" in the context of accident investigation.
(iii) What are back-out and recovery as they apply to accident prevention?

1. State the areas other than operator error that can cause failure of equipment and accident. Name
and explain the new engineering discipline or concept that grew out of the idea of other areas
responsible for accident causation or avoidance.
(ii) State the costs associated with the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) and OHSA
standards that companies, especially the smaller (20 to 250 employees) ones, generally
object to because they feel that such costs are not economically justifiable.
(iii) Explain the manner by which unsafe conditions contributing to an unsafe act resulting in an
accident, can be uncovered.

2. (i) State the manner by which fault-free analysis can be used in accident investigation. What
are the limitations of the fault-free analysis?
(ii) What is the purpose of job safety analysis (ISA)? .State the steps followed. in conducting
a job safety analysis.
(iii) Explain the concept of failure modes and effects analysis (Flvf.EA) in the context of
reliability engineering.

2. (i) State your understanding of the terms often used in accident control: (a) standard, (b)
code, and (c) regulation.
(ii) What are the uses of standards, codes and regulations in product design?
(iii) What is the purpose of process safety management?

2. (i) Explain Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in the context of reliability
engineering.
(ii) What are the elements of a preliminary hazard analysis?
(iii) Explain the design deficiencies or defects which causes product or process safety
hazards to the user or operator.

2. (i) State your understanding of the terms often used in accident control: (a) standard, (b)
code, and (c) regulation.
(ii) What are the uses of standards, codes and regulations in product design?
What is the purpose of process safety management?

2. (i) State the manner by which fault-free analysis can be used in accident investigation. What
are the limitations of the fault-free analysis?
(ii) What is the purpose of job safety analysis (JSA)? State the steps followed in conducting
a job safety analysis.
(iii) Explain the concept of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) in the context of
reliability engineering.
2. (1) State the objectives of fault-free analysis (FTA).
(ii) State the elements of a Process Safety Management Program.
(iii) What are the applications of FTA (fault-free analysis) methodology
2. (i) Explain Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in the context of reliability
engineering.
(ii) What are the elements of a preliminary hazard analysis?
(iii) Explain the design deficiencies or defects which causes product or process
safety hazards to the user or operator.

2. (i) State your understanding of the terms often used in accident control: (a) standard, (b) code,
and (c) regulation.
(ii) What are the uses of standards, codes and regulations in product design?
What is the purpose of process safety management?

3. (i) Certain chemical agents are especially harmful to specific organs. Name the specific
organs that are affected by such agents.
(ii) Explain the various types of damage caused by chemical agents to skin,
(iii) State the possible effects of toxic material on the operator.

3. (i) Explain the manner by which engineering deficiencies can cause or contribute to
accidents.
(ii) State the means by which accidents can be prevented in industry.
(iii)Describe the various safety features that can be installed in hand drills to prevent
accidents.

3. (i) Certain chemical agents are especially harmful to specific organs. Name the specific
organs that are affected by such agents.
(ii) Explain the various types of damage caused by chemical agents to skin.
(iii) State the possible effects of toxic material on the operator.

3. (i) What is the purpose of fault-tree analysis (FTA)?

(ii) Explain the manner by which fault-tree analysis can be used for accident investigation.
(iii) What are the limitations of fault-tree analysis?

3. (i) Define physical hazards. Name some of the physical hazards.

(ii) What are some of the common chemical hazards?
(iii) What is your understanding of the criterion for permit-required confined
space?

3. (i) Explain the manner by which engineering deficiencies can cause or contribute to accidents.
(ii) State the means by which accidents can be prevented in industry.
(iii). Describe the various safety features that can be installed in hand drills to prevent accidents.

3. (i) Certain chemical agents are especially harmful to specific organs. Name the specific
organs that are affected by such agents.
(ii) Explain the various types of damage caused by chemical agents to skin.
(iii) State the possible effects of toxic material on the operator.

3. (i) What is the purpose of fault-tree analysis (FTA)?

(ii) Explain the manner by which fault-tree analysis can be used for accident investigation.
(iii) What are the limitations of fault-tree analysis?
4. (i) State the various types of air contaminants. What arc the basic approaches to measuring
air contaminant exposure?
(ii) Define hypoxic hypoxia. What are the causes of hypoxic hypoxia?
(iii) What arc the properties of the various chemicals used as air purifiers in
canisters?

4. (i) What are the responsibilities of facilities and equipment designers in providing safety
measures for toxic materials?
(ii) How are the toxic agents detected? What are the typical industrial operations that
require the use of respiratory protective equipment and protective clothing?
(iii) State the major types of respiratory protection equipment including their characteristics.

4. (i) What is your understanding of industrial ecology as applied to manufacturing?

(ii) What is micrometeorology? State the reasons for studying micrometeorology
extensively especially in the context of human health?
(iii) What are the responsibilities of facilities and equipment designers in providing safety
measures for toxic hazards?

4. (1) What are toxic substances and their effects on the human body?
(ii) How are the toxic agents detected? Name the broad categories of application of
respiratory protective equipment.
(iii) What is hypoxia? What are the effects of hypoxia on people?

4. (a) What are the general methods of controlling harmful environmental stresses (dust,
exhaust, etc.)?
(b) State the basic principles and approaches for engineering control measures used to deal
with physical hazards (noise, temperature, radiation, pressure, etc.).
(c) What are the responsibilities of facilities and equipment designers in providing safety
measures for toxic hazards?
4. (i) What are the responsibilities of facilities and equipment designers in providing safety measures for
toxic materials?
(ii) How are the toxic agents detected? What are the typical industrial operations that require the
use of respiratory protective equipment and protective clothing?
(iii) State the major types of respiratory protection equipment including their characteristics.

4. (i) State the various types of air contaminants. What are the basic approaches to measuring air
contaminant exposure?
(ii) Define hypoxic hypoxia. What are the causes of hypoxic hypoxia?
(iii) What are the properties of the various chemicals used as air purifiers in
canisters?

4. (i) What is your understanding of industrial ecology as applied to manufacturing?

(ii) What is micrometeorology? State the reasons for studying micrometeorology
extensively especially in the context of human health?
 (iii) What are the responsibilities of facilities and equipment designers in providing safety
measures for toxic hazards?

5. (i) State the rules that should be followed for proper use of the respiratory protective
equipment.
(ii) State the major types of respiratory protective equipment,
(iii) What are the typical or normal hazardous operations in industry that require
respiratory equipment and protective clothing?

5. (i) Explain the role of process information, process analysis and operating procedures in
providing process safety.
(ii) What are the basic ingredients of an effective training plan to ensure that the operators
follow the operating procedure?
(iii) Explain the important hazardous chemical information needed for process safety
analysis.

5. (i) What is your understanding of the following in the context of skin absorption:
(a) corrosives, (b) dermatitis, (c) eye damage and (d) gastrointestinal absorption.
(ii)What are the chemicals used as air purifiers in canisters?
(iii) Explain briefly the following equipment or apparatus: (a) self-contained air or oxygen-
breathing apparatus, and. (b) air-line breathing equipment.

5. (i) What are the features of an effective machine guard or safety device?
(ii) State the precautionary measures that are common to operation of all mechanical
equipment.
(iii) Injuries in industrial plants are due to mechanical causes arising from certain
machines. State the typical machines and the types of mechanical injuries.

5. (i) Explain the role of process information, process analysis and operating procedures in
providing process safety.
(ii) What are the basic ingredients of an effective training plan to ensure that the operators
follow the operating procedure?
(iii) Explain the important hazardous chemical information needed for process safety
analysis.

5. (i) What is your understanding of the following in the context of skin absorption: (a)
corrosives, (b) dermatitis, (c) eye damage and (d) gastrointestinal absorption. (ii)What are the
chemicals used as air purifiers in canisters?
(iii) Explain briefly the following equipment or apparatus: (a) self-contained air or oxygen-breathing
apparatus, and (b) air-line breathing equiprrient.

5. (i) What are the features of an effective machine guard or safety device?
(ii) State the precautionary measures that are common to operation of all mechanical
equipment.
(iii) Injuries in industrial plants are due to mechanical causes arising from certain machines.
State the typical machines and the types of mechanical injuries.
5. (i) State the rules that should be followed for proper use of the respiratory protective
equipment.
(ii) State the major types of respiratory protective equipment.
(iii) What are the typical or normal hazardous operations in industry that require respiratory
equipment and protective clothing?

6, (i) Define physical hazards and name some of the physical hazards,
(ii) What is a confined space? Give some examples of confined spac es.
(iii) What is your understanding of the criterion for permit-required confined space?

6. (i) Give some examples of hazard elimination and accident avoidance.

(ii) Explain the means by which hazard levels may be limited.
(iii) Explain your understanding of initiating and contributing hazards resulting in injury
and damage of a pressurized steel tank.

6. (i) Explain the design deficiencies or defects which affect product or process safety causing
hazards to the user or operator.
(ii) What are back-out and recovery as they apply to accident prevention?
(iii) State the order of preference that should be followed as general principles
for eliminating and controlling hazards in industry.

6. (i) State the features of an effective machine guard or safety device.

(ii) State the types of mechanical hazards in industry and the possible causes for such
hazards.
(iii) What measures are taken to minimize mechanical hazards in industry?

6. (i) State the means by which damage resulting from a hazard can be minimized and
controlled.
(ii) What are the order of preferences that should be followed as general principles for
eliminating and controlling hazards in industry?
(iii) State the common precautionary measures that must be followed in the operation of all
mechanical equipment.
6. (i) Define physical hazards and name some of the physical hazards.
(ii) What is a confined space? Give some examples of confined spaces.
(iii) What is your understanding of the criterion for permit-required confined space?

6. (i) Give some examples of hazard elimination and accident avoidance.

(ii) Explain the means by which hazard levels may be limited.
(iii) Explain your understanding of initiating and contributing hazards resulting in injury
and damage of a pressurized steel tank.

6. (i) Explain the design deficiencies or defects which affect product or process safety causing hazards
to the user or operator.
(ii) What are back-out and recovery as they apply to accident prevention?
(iii) State the order of preference that should be followed as general principles for
eliminating and controlling hazards in industry.
7. An employee in a foundry was using an overhead wall-mounted electrically controlled crane
to move a heavy casting from one position to another at his workstation. The casting
weighed approximately 3,000 pounds. While he was moving the casting, it fell, causing the
hoist cables to snap and strike the employee a glancing blow to his head. Fortunately, he
was wearing protective head gear, or the blow could have been fatal when the hoist eyebolt
assembly failed.
(i) Determine the causes of the accident,
(ii) State the corrective actions required.
(iii) Suggest the follow-up action required.
7. A drill-press operator was drilling holes while wearing gloves in metal fasteners to be used
in aircraft wing gas tank assemblies. She then attempted to make a tool change while the
machine was operating at a slow speed. While she was doing so, the glove on her right hand
caught on the revolving drill and caused an amputation of the middle finger on her right
hand.
(i) Determine the cause of the accident.
(ii) State the corrective actions required.
(iii) Suggest the follow-up action required.

7. A millwright was reaching out to make an adjustment on a flywheel chain on press while
standing on a 20-foot ladder. In doing so, he lost his balance and fell onto the shaft and then
struck a conveyor and fell to the floor, approximately 15 feet below. This caused a
compound fracture of right leg and a property damage of $5,000 for broken shaft and belts
on a large press and broken guard on conveyor belt.
(i) Determine the cause of the accident.
(ii) State the corrective actions required.
(iii) Suggest the follow-up action required.

7. A die setter and a co-worker had each rigged a chain around one end of a 5-ton die to move
it by crane to a press line. The die setter did not double check his rigging. As he turned to
walk away, his co-worker signaled the crane operator to take up the slack in the chain. The
chain which the die setter had rigged was against the keeper pin instead of the die notch.
The sudden pressure from the chain caused the keeper pin to shear off; it struck the die setter
across the back of the head causing a fracture of his skull and knocking him unconscious.
(i) Determine the causes of the accident.
(ii) State the corrective actions required.
(iii) Suggest the follow-up action required.
7. A shipping department packager in a small manufacturing plant placed a-gear on a layout
table and sprayed it with a rust preventative before packing it for shipment. After the
employee had sprayed several gears, the spray gun became clogged and failed to operate.
The employee tried to clean the clogged spray gun tip. At that instant, the gun discharged,
and the employee's left thumb was severely lacerated and subsequently had to be amputated.
(a) Determine the cause of the accident.
(b) State the corrective actions required.
(c) Suggest the follow-up action required.
7. An employee in a foundry was using an overhead wall-mounted electrically controlled crane to move a
heavy casting from one position to another at his workstation. The casting weighed approximately
3,000 pounds. While he was moving the casting, it fell, causing the hoist cables to snap and strike the
 employee a glancing blow to his head. Fortunately, he was wearing protective head gear, or the blow
could have been fatal when the hoist eyebolt assembly failed.
(i) Determine the causes of the accident.
(ii) State the corrective actions required.
(iii) Suggest the follow-up action required.

7. A millwright was reaching out to make an adjustment on a flywheel chain on press while
standing on a 20-foot ladder. In doing so, he lost his balance and fell onto the shaft and then
struck a conveyor and fell to the floor, approximately 15 feet below. This caused a
compound fracture of right leg and a property damage of $5,000 for broken shaft and belts on
a large press and broken guard on conveyor belt.
(i) Determine the cause of the accident.
(ii) State the corrective actions required.
(iii) Suggest the follow-up action required.

7. A drill-press operator was drilling holes while wearing gloves in metal fasteners to be used in
aircraft wing gas tank assemblies. She then attempted to make a tool change while the machine
was operating at a slow speed. While she was doing so, the glove on her right hand
caught on the revolving drill and caused an amputation of the middle finger on her right hand.
(i) Determine the cause of the accident.
(ii) State the corrective actions required.
(iii) Suggest the follow-up action required.