Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer program or a machine to think and learn. It is
also a field of study which tries to make computers "smart".

1. Error Reduction:
 Artificial intelligence helps us in reducing the error and the chance of reaching accuracy with
a greater degree of precision is a possibility.
 Artificial intelligence is applied in various studies .

2. Difficult Exploration:
 Artificial intelligence and the science of robotics can be put to use in mining and other fuel
exploration processes.
 Not only that, these complex machines can be used for exploring the ocean floor and
hence overcoming the human limitations.
 due to the programming of the robots, they can perform more laborious and hard work with
greater responsibility.

3. Daily Application:
 Computed methods for automated reasoning, learning and perception have become a
common phenomenon in our everyday lives.
 We have our lady Siri or Cortana to help us out.
 We are also hitting the road for long drives and trips with the help of GPS.
 Smartphone in an apt and every day is an example of the how we use artificial intelligence.
 In utilities, we find that they can predict what we are going to type and correct the human
errors in spelling.
 That is machine intelligence at work.
 When we take a picture, the artificial intelligence algorithm identifies and detects the person’s
face and tags the individuals when we are posting our photographs on the social media sites.
 Artificial Intelligence is widely employed by financial institutions and banking institutions to
organize and manage data.
 Detection of fraud uses artificial intelligence in a smart card based system.

4. Digital Assistants:
  Highly advanced organizations use ‘avatars’ which are replicas or digital assistants who can
actually interact with the users, thus saving the need of human resources.
 For artificial thinkers, emotions come in the way of rational thinking are not a distraction at
all.
 The complete absence of the emotional side, makes the robots think logically and take the
right program decisions.

5. Repetitive Jobs:
 Repetitive jobs which are monotonous in nature can be carried out with the help of machine
intelligence.
 Machines think faster than humans and can be put to multi-tasking.
 Machine intelligence can be employed to carry out dangerous tasks.
 Their parameters, unlike humans, can be adjusted.
 Their speed and time are calculation based parameters only.

6. Medical Applications:
 In the medical field also, we will find the wide application of AI.
 Doctors assess the patients and their health risks with the help of artificial machine
intelligence.
 It educates them about the side effects of various medicines.
 Robotics is used often in helping mental health patients to come out of depression and remain
active.
 A popular application of artificial intelligence is radiosurgery. Radiosurgery is used in operating
tumors and this can actually help in the operation without damaging the surrounding tissues.

7. No Breaks:
 Machines, unlike humans, do not require frequent breaks and refreshments.
 They are programmed for long hours and can continuously perform without getting bored or
distracted or even tired.
8. Faster decisions
 .Using artificial intelligence alongside cognitive technologies can help make faster decisions
and carry out actions quicker.
 9. Taking risks on behalf of humans
 With artificial intelligence, you can arguably lessen the risks you expose humans to in the
name of research.
 Take, for example, space exploration and the Mars rover, known as Curiosity. It can travel
across the landscape of Mars, exploring it and determining the best paths to take, while
learning to think for itself.
 Using artificial intelligence in this manner could potentially lead to massive benefits in areas
such as demand forecasting, medical diagnosis and oil exploration.

Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence:

1. High Cost:
 Creation of artificial intelligence requires huge costs as they are very complex machines.
 Their repair and maintenance require huge costs.

 They have software programs which need frequent up gradation to cater to the needs of the

changing environment and the need for the machines to be smarter by the day.

2. No Replicating Humans:
 Intelligence is believed to be a gift of nature.
 An ethical argument continues, whether human intelligence is to be replicated or not.
 Machines do not have any emotions and moral values.
 They perform what is programmed and cannot make the judgment of right or wrong.
 They cannot take decisions if they encounter a situation unfamiliar to them. They either
perform incorrectly or breakdown in such situations.

3. No Improvement with Experience:

 Unlike humans, artificial intelligence cannot be improved with experience.
 With time, it can lead to wear and tear.
 It stores a lot of data but the way it can be accessed and used is very different from human
intelligence.
 Machines are unable to alter their responses to changing environments. In the world of
artificial intelligence, there is nothing like working with a whole heart or passionately.
 Care or concerns are not present in the machine intelligence dictionary. There is no sense of
belonging or togetherness or a human touch.
  They fail to distinguish between a hardworking individual and an inefficient individual.

4. No Original Creativity:
 Do you want creativity or imagination? These are not the forte of artificial intelligence.

5. Unemployment:
 Replacement of humans with machines can lead to large scale unemployment. Humans will
lose their creative power and will become lazy.
 also, if humans start thinking in a destructive way, they can create havoc with these machines.
 Artificial intelligence in wrong hands is a serious threat to mankind in general. It may lead to
mass destruction. Also, there is a constant fear of machines taking over or superseding the
humans.
Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital
machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to
transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer
interaction.

Internet of Things = “Sensors and actuators embedded in physical objects are linked through wired
and wireless networks, often using the same Internet Protocol (IP) that connects the Internet.“

PROs
Automation
 Automation leads to uniformity in tasks, quality of service and control of day-to-day
tasks without human intervention. Machine-to-machine communication also helps
maintain transparency throughout the process.
Efficiency
 Machine-to-machine interaction provides for better efficiency, enabling people to
focus on other jobs.
Cost Savings
 In addition to the optimal utilization of energy and resources, the IoT helps alleviate
the problems associated with bottlenecks, breakdowns and system damages.
Communication
 IoT allows physical devices to stay connected and better communicate, which
creates greater quality control.
Instant Data Access
 More available information helps simplify the decision making process, making life
easier to manage.
Efficient and Saves Time Saves Money
 The machine-to-machine interaction provides better efficiency, hence; accurate results can
be obtained fast.
 This results in saving valuable time.
 Optimum utilization of energy and resources
 We can be alerted in case of possible bottlenecks, breakdowns, and damages to the system

CONs
Privacy and Security
 As many of our everyday appliances, machines and services become connected to
the internet, much more information is readily available. It makes it harder to keep
confidential information out of the hands of hackers and other unauthorized users.
Compatibility
 Currently, there is not international standard of compatibility for the IoT which can
make it hard for devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each
other.
Complexity
 Because the IoT is such a vast, diverse network, a single failure in either the software
or hardware can have disastrous consequences.
Less Jobs
 As IoT brings in more consistent automation, we could see a decline in the need for unskilled
employees in the workplace.
Technologically Dependent Life
 As our lives become more and more dependent on technology, basic human
interaction skills will be reduced across society.

APPLICATIONS

1. Smart Cities

 The IoT can be used to monitor the vibrations of buildings, bridges, and monuments in case
the building material is threatened or overloaded.
 It can be used to manage street lights―automatically switch them off in the presence of
sunlight and switch them on at the onset of darkness.
 Another good application is alerting the officials to empty the trash bins when filled with
waste.
2. Home Automation

 The IoT can be used to remotely control and program the appliances in your home. It can be
useful in detecting and avoiding thefts.
3.Industrial Automation

 By using this technology, we can automate manufacturing processes remotely.

 It can also prove useful in optimizing the production processes.
 We can manage the inventory and the supply chain.
 We can also diagnose if the machines require repair and maintenance.

4. Health Monitoring

 We can use this technology to identify health problems.

 The patterns of heart rate, pulse, digestive system, and blood pressure can be monitored
and diagnosed for anomalies.
 The information can be sent to the doctor for analysis.
 The hospital can also be contacted in times of emergencies.
 This system will be very useful to senior citizens and disabled people who live
independently.
5.Smart Environment
 A very important application of IoT is detecting pollution and natural calamities.
 We can monitor the emissions from factories and vehicles to minimize air pollution.
 We can track the release of harmful chemicals and waste in rivers and the sea, thereby
arresting water pollution.
 We can also keep tabs on the quality of water being supplied for drinking.
 We can send warnings of earthquakes and tsunamis by detecting tremors.
 We can keep the water level of rivers and dams under surveillance to be alert in case of
floods.
 The detection of forest fire is also possible with this technology.
6. Wearables

7. Industrial internet
 The industrial internet is also one of the special Internet of Things applications.
 While many market researches such as Gartner or Cisco see the industrial internet as the IoT
concept with the highest overall potential, its popularity currently doesn’t reach the masses
like smart home or wearables do.
 The industrial internet however has a lot going for it. The industrial internet gets the biggest
push of people on Twitter (~1,700 tweets per month) compared to other non-consumer-
oriented IoT concepts.
8. Smart retail
 Proximity-based advertising as a subset of smart retail is starting to take off. But the
popularity ranking shows that it is still a niche segment.
 One LinkedIn post per month is nothing compared to 430 for smart home.
9. Smart supply chain
 Supply chains have been getting smarter for some years already.
 Solutions for tracking goods while they are on the road, or getting suppliers to exchange
inventory information have been on the market for years.
 So while it is perfectly logic that the topic will get a new push with the Internet of Things, it
seems that so far its popularity remains limited.