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International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016
at unmanned suborbital winged rocket for demonstrating future fully rocket engines using hydrocarbon fuel to accelerate up to the
reusable space transportation technologies, such as aerodynamics,
Mach number 10 and launch an expendable upper stage from
Navigation, Guidance and Control (NGC), composite structure,
propulsion system, and cryogenic tanks etc., by universities in the altitude of 70km. This vehicle flies forward and land on a
collaboration with government and industries, as well as the past and runway located in the down-range. The expendable stage has
current flight test results. the payload capability of more than 500kg to the low earth orbit
of 500km altitude. The concept B has the same mission concept
Keywords—Autonomous guidance and control, reusable rocket, and stores the same expendable upper stage, but can fly back to
space transportation system, suborbital vehicle, winged rocket. the launch site using additional air breathing engines. The
concept C is a vertical take-off and landing vehicle using rocket
I. INTRODUCTION engines.
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 96 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003422
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016
Fig. 2 Partially reusabble small satelliite launcher Fig. 3 Suborbital winnged rocket WIR
RES-X
Fig. 4 F
Flight profile of WIRES-X
T
This paper givves flight test results of sm
mall winged roocket
WIRRES to date annd the future development plan aiming at a the
suboorbital technoology demonsttrator WIRES-X by universsities
in collaboration
c w governm
with ment and indusstries as show
wn in
Fig.. 5 [4].
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 97 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003422
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 98 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003422
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016
TAB BLE I
MAJOR DIMENSIONS OF WIRES#0114
Initial Mass [kg] 49.33
Total Length [m] 1.7
Total Length [m] 1.7
Body Diameter [m] 0.333
Wing Span [m] 1.1
T
The control micro-computerr operates servvo motors (PS S050
of Tonegawa-Seeiko Co., Lttd.) of aeroddynamic surffaces
(eleevens and ruddders), solenoiid valves of parachute andd air
Figg. 13 Winged teest rocket WIRE
ES#014 bags, and releasse motors off parachute rraiser. The Field F
2. Structure Proggrammable G Gate Array (FP PGA: Spartan--6 XC6SLX1550 of
WIRES#014 has full comp mposite semi-m monocoque strructure Xiliinx Inc.) connnected withh the controll micro-compputer
off skin, frame, and stringer made of lighhtweight and highly calcculates optimaal and referennce trajectory for guidance. The
riggid CFRP, whhich were moldded and bondeed by studentss in the senssing micro-coomputer proceesses the signaals from the IIMU
unniversity laboratory as shoown in Fig. 14. The fram me and (Ineertial Measuremment Unit: MT Ti of Xsens B..V.) to measurre the
strringer have saandwich structture that consists of CFRP surface
s attittude and accelleration, and a 5-hole pitot ttube developeed by
paanel and foam m core (Divinyycell). The noose cone is m made of Kyuutech to meassure air speed,, angle of attaack, sideslip aangle
GF FRP to preveent radio shielding. The tw wo elevons annd two and pressure aaltitude. Thee GPS (Gllobal Positiooning
ruudders have alsso the sandwicch structure off CFRP surfacee panel System)/telemetryy micro-compputer processees the signals from
annd foam core. GPS Ss and put the signals to Wi-Fi
W transmitters. The loggging
miccro-computer records all thhe flight dataa. The navigaation
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 99 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003422
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016
m
micro-computerr calculates the attitudde and trajjectory
paarameters bassed on the siignals of GPS, ADS (Airr Data
Seensing System m) and IMU U. Three cam
meras are installed
onn-board to recoord the flight view.
v
4. Propulsionn System
WIRES#014 employs hybbrid rocket enggine called CA AMUI
(C
Cascaded MU Ultistage Impinnging-jet) suppplied by Ueematsu
Ellectric Co., LLtd. (Fig. 16 and Table III) [8]. CAMU UI has
poolyethylene grrain as the fuuel, in which the combustioon gas
floow is configuured to yield higher specifi
fic impulse than the
coonventional hyybrid engine. The liquid oxygen is fed to the
coombustion chaamber using hiigh pressure helium gas. Fig. 17 Thiird ground combbustion test of W
WIRES#014
International Science Index, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10003422
F
Fig. 16 CAMUI hybrid rocket eengine
TAABLE II
SPECIFICATTIONS OF CAMUI
Total Impulse [Ns] 113220
Specific Impulsee [s] 240
Maximum Thrustt [N] 3000 F
Fig. 18 Thrust pprofile of CAMU
UI
Average Thrust [N] 2550
C
Combustion Timee [s] 3.8
1. Flight Teest
Total Mass [kg] 20.5 The flight test of WIRES#0114 was conduccted in 2013 at
T a the
Hiraaodai Countryyside Park of Kitakyushu. The ignitioon of
5. Ground Coombustion Tesst CAM MUI was succcessful, but tthe attitude coontrol failed short
s
The ground combustion test of WIIRES#014 aim ms at afteer leaving the llauncher. WIR RES#014 couldd neither reachh the
accquiring actuaal thrust dataa of CAMUI and verifyinng the altittude nor perfoform gliding flight
f as plannned to get innto a
tolerance of on-board avionics and emergenncy system undder the balllistic flight annd finally crushed on grouund (Fig. 20). The
m
mechanical shocck and oscillation due to enngine combustiion. flighht data storedd on-board andd transmitted by telemetry (Fig.
The ground combustion teests were connducted three times. 21) was analyzedd to detect thee cause of faillure. The presssure
Thhe first and second tests w were failed duue to the mistaake of altittude and true aair speed meassured by ADS are compared with
enngine valve operation, on-booard software bbug and malfuunction thosse obtained byy GPS. Since tthe behavior oof ADS was fo found
caaused by elecctromagnetic noise. Searchhing the causses of not normal, it waas concluded that one of caauses of the fflight
failures, the thhird ground ccombustion ttest was condducted failuure was the malfunction
m off ADS concerrning the presssure
suuccessfully in 22012 (Fig. 17)). The thrust pprofile of CAM
MUI is pipiing or pressuree sensors them mselves. Basedd on the post fflight
coompared with that
t of engine alone combusstion test as shoown in anallysis, the errorr in control laww was also deetected. Kyuteech is
Fiig. 18. mannufacturing neew WIRES#0014 by improvving the technnical
probblems of the first flight. The next fligght is planneed in
6. Hardware--in-the-loop Siimulation Testt
Novvember 2015.
A hardware--in-the-loop ssimulator forr WIRES#0144 was
deeveloped to verify
v the funnction of on-bboard avioniccs and
addjust the paraameters of NG GC software (Fig. 19) [9]]. The
m
motion simulattion computerr senses the ddeflection anggles of
eleevons and ruudders to solvve the equatioons of motionn, and
inpputs pseudo GPS
G and ADS S signals to thhe on-board avvionics
simmultaneously.. The tri-axiss motion tablle moves thee IMU
acccording to the attitude calcculated by thee motion simuulation
coomputer to close the feedbback loop bettween the on-board
avvionics and thee motion simuulation computter.
(a) Hardw
ware system
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 100 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003422
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016
International Science Index, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10003422
(b) System
S block ddiagram
Fig. 19 Haardware-in-the-loop simulator
LOX
X-methane enngine.
B
B. Structure annd Subsystem A Arrangement
W
WIRES#015 hhas full compoosite semi-moonocoque struccture
of C CFRP skin w with foam coore sandwich as employedd by
WIR RES#014. Thee nose cone is made of GFR RP to prevent rradio
shieelding. The fusselage is divided into the froont and rear body at
the location as shoown in Fig. 233. The subsysttem arrangemeent is
show wn in Fig. 24.
T
The GHe (Gasseous Helium), Methane andd LOX tanks (Fig.
25) are made off composite fiber wrappedd aluminum liner
vesssels, which hhas the volum me of 95, 1003 and 115 lliters
resppectively as shhown in Fig. 25.
2 The mean operating presssure
of methane
m and L LOX is 2.6 MP Pa, while the hhigh pressure GHe
F 20 Flight prrofile of WIRES
Fig. S#014 is maintained
m at 25
2 MPa.
IIII. DEVELOPM
MENT OF WIRE
ES#015 C
C. Avionics
A. Overview T
The avionics oof WIRES#0155 has five miccrocomputers such
as nnavigation, guuidance, controol, communicaations and enggine,
Kyutech andd UTEP havee started to ddesign and deevelop whiich are conneccted by ARINC C 429 bus systtem as commeercial
W
WIRES#015 in collaborationn with JAXA, IHI, IHI Aeroospace, airccrafts do (Fig. 226). In additioon to the main avionics, therre are
PD D Aerospace and other dom mestic compannies [10]. Thee main dual emergency microcomputeers by employying fault toleerant
m
mission of WIR RES#015 is too evaluate the following advvanced desiign.
naavigation, guiddance, and conntrol technologgies: A
ARINC 429 is a time triggerred system useed to transmit data
(1) Estimation of Pseudo Aeerodynamic Poosture using at a predetermineed time intervaal between thee microcompuuters.
INS-GPS-A ADS Hybrid N Navigation Thee data levels w will be priorittized based onn the requirem ment.
(22) Fault Tolerrant Flush Air Data Sensing (FADS) Systeem Eacch microcompuuter has its ow wn data loggerss to reduce the load
(3) Real Time Optimal Trajeectory Generattion using on the
t bus system m. During fligght, when a syystem malfuncction
Dynamicallly Distributedd Genetic Algoorithm (Dyn D DGA) occuurs and the control/enginne microcompputer of avioonics
(44) Digital Moddel Referencee Adaptive Conntrol System doesn’t react, ann emergency sequence is ooperated from m the
The additionaal but importaant objectives of the flight test are grouund control ceenter. The em mergency micrrocomputer onn the
ass following: vehicle uses the relay,
r shifts thhe command ppriority from m main
(aa) Demonstrattion of LOX-M Methane Propuulsion Technoology miccrocomputer to the em mergency miccrocomputer and
(bb) Reentry Atttitude Controll System by G Gas Jet Thrusteers emeergency sequeence is operateed. The emergency system m is a
(c) Recovery bby Two-stage Parachute
P Sysstem and Air B Bags douuble fault toleerant system aas the microccomputers andd the
The total lenggth of the vehicle is 4 m and with launch m mass of receeivers are dupllicated for reddundancy. Thee EM model oof the
5000 kg (Fig. 22,, Table III). Thhe rocket reacches the altitudde of 6 bus system has been fabricatedd, and is underr testing (Fig. 27).
kmm with the 100kN thrust andd 30 seconds combustion tiime of
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 101 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003422
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016
International Science Index, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10003422
TABBLE III
MAJOR DIM
MENSIONS AND SPE ECIFICATIONS OF WIRES#015
Initial Mass [kg] 5000
Total Length [m] 4
Body Diameter [m] 0.776
Figg. 22 Winged teest rocket WIRE
ES#015 Engine Thrust [kN] 10
S
Specific Impulse [s] 2330
D. Propulsionn System Apogee [km] >6
The LOX-m methane enginne with the tthrust of 10kkN for
W
WIRES#015 is developed by IHI Aerospacce under the coontract
off JAXA as show wn in Fig. 28. It has a gimbaal system for ccounter
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 102 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003422
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016
Fig. 25 GH
He, methane annd LOX tanks
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 103 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003422
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016
International Science Index, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10003422
Fig. 27 EM m
model of Arinc429 bus system
m
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 104 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003422
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016
Noo.1, 2: Yaw
w Thrusters
Noo. 3, 4, 5, 6: Rolll and Pitch Thrustters
F
Fig. 30 Locationn of RCS thrusteers
International Science Index, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10003422
TAABLE IV
Specificaations of RCS
No. of Thrusterr [-] 6
Thrust at Sea Levvel [N] 22
Full Duty Timee [s] 30
Gas Type [-] He
Tank Pressure [MPa] 11.5
Thruster Pressurre [MPa] 2.5
G. Hardware--in-the-loop Siimulator
A new harddware-in-the-looop simulatorr (HILS) hass been Fig. 32 Recoovery systems
deeveloped for the developm ment of WIRE ES#015. The HILS
coonsists of a mootion simulatiion computer, 2 motion tables for
the inertial naviigation system
m (INS) and aerrodynamic preessure.
Thhe motion simmulation compuuter calculatess the dynamicss of the
roocket, controlss the motion taables, and dissplays their staates in
real time. The angle
a of attacck and angle oof side slip arre very
mportant param
im meters for thhe attitude coontrol law, foor this
reason an aerodynamic presssure motion table simulattes the Fig. 33 Airrbag system
aeerodynamic atttitude; angle of attack and anngle of side sliip. Fig.
366 shows the syystem diagram m of HILS annd the motion tables
wiith INS and aeerodynamic prressure.
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 105 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003422
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016
International Science Index, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10003422
F
Fig. 35 Ground support system
m and control cennter
(a) System
S block diiagram
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 106 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003422
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016
IV. CO
ONCLUSION [8] Nagata, H., Ito, M.,
M Maeda, T., WWatanabe, M., Uem matsu, T., Totani, T.
T and
Kubo, I., “Devellopment of CAMU UI Hybrid Rockett to Create a Markket for
The authors have completted redesign aand reproducttion of Small Rocket Experiments,” Proceedings
P of tthe 56th Internaational
sm
mall scaled winged
w test rocket WIRE ES#014. Afteer the Astronautical Feederation Congresss, Vol. 59, No. 1--5, pp. 253-258 (22006).
[9] Yamasaki, H., M Matsumoto, T., Itaakura, K., Shitaro,, M. and Yonemotto, K.,
prre-flight revieww in October bby JAXA and oother companiies, the “Development of a Hardwarre-in-the-Loop S Simulator and Flight
2nnd flight test off WIRES#0144 will be condducted in Novvember Simulation of a Subscale Experimental Wiinged Rocket,” 2013
20015. IEEE/ASME International
I Coonference on Advanced Intellligent
Mechatronics, W Wollongong, Austtralia (2013).
In parallel with the preeparation of the flight teest of
[10] Gossamsetti, G.. S., Yonemoto, K K., Yamamoto, M M., Choudhuri, A.,
A R.,
W
WIRES#014, thhe authors hhave started tto design of larger Ishimoto, S., annd Mugitani, T., “Preliminary
“ Dessign of Winged Rocket
R
wiinged test roccket WIRES##015 for demoonstrating advvanced Test Vehicle w with Liquid Meethane Propulsion System,” the 30th
NG GC and otther importaant research issues, succh as International Syymposium on Space Technologyy and Science, Kobe
Convention Cennter, Kobe, Japan (2015).
LO OX-methane engine
e etc., too realize fullyy reusable suborbital
veehicle. This w winged test roocket developm ment project bby the Koich hi Yonemoto w was born in Tokkyo in July 19533. He
industry-governnment-academ mia collaboration is a very uunique graduuated Departmennt of Mechaniccal Engineeringg, the
Graduuate School of Enngineering of the U University of Tokkyo in
acctivity in not only Japan, bbut also internnationally, whhich is 1980 and awarded Maaster Degree of Enngineering. Durinng the
exxpected to conntribute to thee progress of fully
f reusable space graduuate school, he sstudied in Germaany at the Instituute of
traansportation reesearch. Aircrraft Design of Faaculty of Aeronauutics and Astronaautics of Universsity of
Stutttgart and at the Institute of Turbo MMachine of Germaan Aerospace Ressearch
Instittute in Koeln from m 1978 to 1980. In 1989, he receeived Doctor Deggree of
REFEERENCES Engiineering (aerospaace engineering) from the Univerrsity of Tokyo oon the
[1]] Ishimoto, S., “Study Status oon Reference Moodels of Reusablee Space reseaarch of transonic fflutter for high asspect ratio commeercial aircraft.
Transportationn System,” thee 3rd Workshoop of Reusable Space H
He took a job as a research and devvelopment engineeer in a Japanese major
Transportationn System, Tokyo,, Japan (in Japaneese) (2014). aerosspace company, Kawasaki
K Heavy IIndustries, Ltd. in 1980, and engageed in a
[2]] Inatani, Y., Kaawaguchi, J. and Y
Yonemoto, K., “S Status of 'HIMES' Reentry varieety of research annd development pproject, such as coommercial and m military
Flight Test Prroject,” Proceedinngs of AIAA 2ndd International Aeerospace aircrrafts, and future sppace transportation system. He wass a visiting researccher at
Planes Conferrence, AIAA 90-55230 (1990). the Innstitute of Space and Astronauticaal Science of Miniistry of Educationn from
[3]] Wakita, M., Y Yonemoto, K., A Akiyama, T., Aso, S., Kohsetsu, Y. and 19866 to 1988 to partticipate in the deevelopment projeect of winged reuusable
Nagata, H., “DDevelopment Prooject of Winged E Experimental Roccket Led sounnding rocket. He eengaged also Jappanese Unmannedd Space Shuttle P Project
by Universityy Consortium,” Transactions of the Japan Sociiety for HOP PE (H-II Orbitingg PlanE) for aboout ten years. Affter completion of o the
Aeronautical aand Space Sciencces, Space Technnology Japan, Voll. 7, No. Japannese military airccraft developmentt program of fixedd-wing anti-subm marine/
ists26, pp.13-118 (2009). patrool aircraft, which has the code nam me “P-1”, as the suub-chief designerr for 6
[4]] Yonemoto, K.., Matsumoto, T., Choudhuri, A., R R., Ishimoto, S., Mugitani,
M yearss, he left Kawassaki Heavy Induustries Ltd. and sstarted teaching space
T., Makino, T T., Kimoto, K., O
Ogawa, S., and Irinno, Y., “Developpment of enginneering as PROFE ESSOR at Kyushuu Institute of Techhnology from 20005. He
Small Wingedd Rockets for Suborbital Technoology Demonstraation by is thhe co-author of ““Japanese Aerosppace Handbook 3rd Edition (Japannese)”
Universities iin Collaboration with Governmennt and Industriess,” 65th Maruuzen, Japan (20055), and author of ““Flight Dynamicss and Controllabillity of
International Astronautical
A Conngress, IAC-14-D D2.6.10, Toronto, Canada Wingged Reentry Vehiicle: Lessons Leaarned,” the 21st C Century COE Proogram,
(2014). Interrnational COE of Flow Dynamiccs Lecture Seriess, Volume 4, Toohoku
[5]] Yonemoto, K K., Shidooka, T. aand Okuda, K., “Development
“ andd Flight Univversity Press, Japaan (2006). His cuurrent and previous interests are system
Test of Wingged Rocket,” the 27th Internationaal Symposium onn Space enginneering of aeronaautics and astronaautics, especially fflight mechanics, NGC
Technology annd Science, ISTS 2009-g-16, Tsukkuba, Japan (20099). (Navvigation, Guidance and Control) of aircraft and spacee transportation syystem.
[6]] Yonemoto, K.., Watanabe, D., Muranaka,
M Y. andd Miyamoto, S., ““Current Prof. Dr.-Eng. Kooichi YONEMOT TO is the senior m member of AIAA A (the
Status of Expperimental Wingeed Rocket Devellopment,” 10YS3341, the Ameerican Institute off Aeronautics and Astronautics), the fellow membber of
Proceedings oof 2010 Asia-Paciffic International Symposium
S on Aeerospace JSAS SS (the Japan Socciety for Aeronauttical and Space Scciences), the mem mber of
Technology (V Vol.2), Xian, Chinna (2010). JRS (Japanese Rockett Society), the meember of Japan A Aeronautical Enginneer’s
[7]] Itakura, K., M
Miyamoto, S., Sasaaki, G., Matsumotto, T. and Yonem moto, K., Assoociation, and thee member of UN NISEC (Universiity Space Engineeering
“Research, Deevelopment and F Flight Test of Subb-scale Reusable Winged Conssortium).
Rockets,” thee 13th Internatioonal Space Confference of Paciffic-basin
Societies (ISCCOPS), AAS 12-C C6-2, Kyoto, Japaan (2012).
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 107 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003422