TDC Qap PDF

BHEL, Tiruchirappalli – 620014.
Quality Assurance Technical Delivery Conditions
Product: DRUM (UNDRILLED) FOR BOILERS

Document No.: TDC:0:424 Rev. No.: 00 Effective date: 28.02.96 Page 1 of 6
1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This Technical Delivery Condition covers the require-

ments of boiler drum (imported) of materials SA 515 Gr.
70 and SA 299.
2.0 CODE OF CONSTRUCTION
2.1 The boiler drum shall comply with the requirements of

Indian Boiler Regulations (IBR). Guidance may be drawn
in qualifying welding procedures and NDT examination
and evaluation of welds as per ASME Sec. I and IX
without violating the IBR.
3.0 GENERAL
3.1 The completed boiler drum shall meet the requirements

given in the drawings for the drum.
3.2 Edge preparation of plate shall be subjected to MPI to

ensure freedom from excessive laminations or cracks.
3.3 All dimensions shall be checked according to approved

drawing. Dimensional tolerances unless otherwise men-
tioned in the drawing shall be as per BHEL drawing No.
0-03-000-00001 (latest).
3.4 A test plate of sufficient length cut from the parent

plate shall be used for each long seam and welded as a
continuation of the seam. One test plate shall be
welded as a representative of the cir seams using the
same WPS and welder for each drum. The test plates
shall undergo all the heating and heat treatment opera-
tions along with the drum.
3.5 The temperature of the furnace shall not exceed 300 oC

at the time of loading the items for heating and heat
treatment.
4.0 MATERIAL FOR BOILER DRUM
4.1 Raw material used for making boiler drums shall meet
the requirements of SA 299 or SA 515 Gr.70 as specified
in drawing. The plates shall meet the requirements
given under TDC NO. 0:201 (latest on date of PO) for SA
299 and TDC NO. 0:202/00 (latest on date of PO) for SA
515 Gr.70 material. The details of sources from which
plates are procured, must be provided to BHEL well in
advance.
4.2 The identification marks shall be located at one end of

the plate about 150mm from the edge.
BHEL, Tiruchirappalli – 620014. Quality Assurance Technical Delivery Conditions

4.2.1 The identification stamping shall contain work order

No., plate specification and melt number along with
Inspecting Authority's seal.
5.0 FORMING OF DRUM SHELLS
5.1 The drum shells may be made either by hot forming or by

cold forming.
5.2 COLD FORMING
5.2.1 For cold forming, only Normalised plates shall be used.

If the plates are not already in the normalised condi-
tion, separate normalising shall be carried out.
5.2.1.1 Plates can be cold formed to a maximum outer fibre

elongation of 3.5% for thickness up to 100mm and 3%
for thicknesses above 100 mm without inter stage heat
treatment. (% Elongation shall be calculated as per the
following formula:
% Elongation E = T * 100
D + T
where, T=Thickness &

D=Inside diameter).
5.2.2 If the % elongation exceeds the above value, an inter

stage heat treatment shall be carried out at 600-620
oC for a soaking time of 30 minutes after forming to
such a radius that percentage elongation is below 3.5%
or 3% as the case may be, and then further forming is
to be carried out.
5.3 HOT FORMING
5.3.1 If hot forming is carried out in the temperature range

of 870-900 oC for SA 299 plates and 870-980 oC for SA
515 Gr.70 plates, there is no need for a separate
normalising after hot forming. In this case, the hold-
ing time at the temperature shall be 0.5 hour per inch
of plate thickness and the minimum temperature at the
closure of hot forming shall not be below 621 oC. If
hot forming is carried out beyond the above specified
range, separate normalising shall be carried out at
880-900oC with a soaking of 0.5 hour per inch of plate
thickness followed by air cooling.
5.3.2 The shells shall be subjected to inter stage stress

relieving at 600-620 oC with a soaking of 1 hour per
inch of plate thickness (maximum 4 hours) before final
cold calibration, in the following cases:

5.3.2.1 Closing temperature of hot forming falls below 621 oC.

5.3.2.2 Plate thickness exceeds 150 mm.
5.3.3 The shells shall be descaled after hot forming.
6.0 DISHED END FABRICATION
6.1 Dished ends shall be made by hot forming as given in

clause 5.3.1.
6.2 The dished ends are to be descaled after completing hot

forming and normalising.
6.3 The dished end lay out is to the checked for centre-
line, height, location of man hole opening and other
dimensions as per drawings. The man hole opening and
seating area shall be machined to dimensions shown in
the drawing.
6.4 Sharp corners at the manhole opening should be ground

smoothly to small radius.
6.5 The man hole cut out shall be tested for tensile
strength and micro structure for ensuring conformance
to normalised properties, for each dished end per
thickness/melt/heat treatment batch and the values
shall be reported in TC.
7.0 WELDING
7.1 Welding procedures shall be qualified to meet the

requirements of ASME SEC. IX and the welders shall be
qualified as per IBR, in the presence of the inspecting
authority. The details of welding procedure shall be
forwarded to BHEL for approval.
7.2 Welding consumables shall be properly identified and

accompanied by certification.
7.3 The welding procedures shall ensure full penetration of

butt welds. After back chipping or gouging, MPI or LPI
should be carried out to avoid lack of fusion.
7.4 Satisfactory welding techniques as per approved welding

procedure are to be employed. The preheating and inter
pass temperature shall be maintained during welding and
gas cutting in accordance with the material chemistry
and thickness. The preheat temp. shall be checked by
using thermal chalks. Inspection Records should in-
dicate the pre-heating temperature used during welding.

7.5 Surface off-set before starting the weld for longitudi-

nal seam should not exceed 3mm and that of circumferen-
tial seam should not exceed 4mm.
7.6 Welders identification for all joints is to be

stamped near the weld along with seam number with low
stress stamps.
7.7 Before matching the second dished end with the shell,
both the man hole doors shall be put inside. The man
hole door shall be machined to size as per drawing from
normalised plates only.
7.8 If temporary attachments are used for aligning purposes

of the seams, necessary preheat should be used to avoid
crack and after removal of such temporary attachments
MPI should be carried out, to ensure satisfactory
surface.
7.9 After welding, the seams shall be ground to smooth

contours, to be flush with the adjacent plate surface
without undercutting and visually inspected for surface
defects.
8.0 TOLERANCE ON SHELL
8.1 The bow in the drum shall not exceed 1 mm per metre
length limited to a maximum of 8 mm.
8.2 The internal diameter of the drum measured at any cross

section shall be within 1% of the nominal internal
diameter of the drum. Difference between the maximum &
minimum internal diameters at any cross section shall
also be within 1% of the nominal internal diameter.
8.3 Any departure of profile measured on the outside of the

drum with a gauge of the designed form of the exterior
of the drum and length equal to a quarter of the
internal diameter, shall not exceed the percentage
given below:
Nominal internal Percentage of nominal

diameter of drum internal diameter
Up to and including 36 inches 0.375

Over 36 up to and including 0.35
45 inches
Over 45 inches 0.30
8.4 Local flatness at the weld joint is not permitted.
9.0 NON DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION


9.1 BEFORE HEAT TREATMENT
9.1.1 All the butt weld joints shall be tested by 100% MPI
and 100% Radiography. Radiography reports shall be
furnished to BHEL.
9.1.2 All weld repairs shall be carried out according to
qualified procedures and shall undergo inspection
requirements as that of the main seam. All repairs
shall be recorded with dimensions of the groove made
for repair and shall be furnished to BHEL.
9.1.3 The test plates shall be tested 100% by MPI, RT and UT

and the defective area marked with yellow paint, indi-
cating the depth and length of repair from the surface.
No repair shall be done on the test plate.
9.2 AFTER HEAT TREATMENT
9.2.1 All the joints including test plates shall be examined

by MPI both from in and outside.
9.2.2 Similarly, all temporary attachments and stray arc

areas shall be ground and examined by MPI.
10.0 HEAT TREATMENT
10.1 After welding and NDE clearance of all the seams, the
drum along with the test plates shall be stress re-
lieved in a furnace at 600-620 oC/30 minutes soaking/
Furnace cool upto 400 oC followed by air cooling. The
ROH/ROC shall not exceed 55 oC per hour. Thermocouples
are to be attached for measuring the temperature of
drum at equal intervals. Thermocouples are to be at-
tached to the test plate also. Location of the thermo-
couple must be indicated in a neat sketch.
10.2 After SR, each test plate shall be cut into two
halves. One half of the test plates shall be addition-
ally stress relieved at 600-620 oC/1 hour per inch of
shell thickness soaking/Furnace cool upto 400 oC fol-
lowed by air cooling. The ROH/ROC shall not exceed 55
oC per hour. The other half of the test plates (without
this SR) shall be sent to BHEL along with the drum. The
defect free length shall be at least 600 mm in each
test plate supplied to BHEL.
11.0 MECHANICAL TESTING
11.1 Mechanical testing on test plate for longitudinal and

circumferential seams shall be carried out as per IBR.
Please refer Clause 10.2 for heat treatment before
mechanical testing.

12.0 PACKING AND DESPATCH
12.1 The completed boiler drum shall be descaled both

inside and outside and shall be free from heat treat-
ment scales. The outside of the drum may be given a
coat of red oxide zinc chromate primer and another coat
of oil base enamel paint (international orange). The
inside of the drum and machined surfaces may be pro-
tected with rust preventive oil. The drum shall be
suitably packed and firmly anchored to prevent any
damage during transport.
13.0 INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION
13.1 The stages of inspection shall be as per Appendix J of

IBR and inspection and certification shall be done by
an inspecting authority approved under Appendix C of
IBR for the plates as well as drum.
13.2 All the relevant test certificates (Manufacturer's

certificates as well as Inspecting Authority's certifi-
cates) shall be supplied in the relevant forms of
Indian Boilers Regulations (II, III and IV as applica-
ble), Test Certificate for plates, dished ends etc.
13.3 All heating cycle and heat treatment cycles are to be

recorded and copy must be submitted to BHEL. The de-
tails of temperature, soaking time, cooling media,
ROH/ROC etc. shall be submitted.
13.4 Dimensional records as a completed drum shall be fur-
nished to BHEL Trichy. This should confirm to the
requirements of IBR and drawing.
13.5 The records of Non-destructive examination, welders,

welding procedures, consumables and Mechanical testing
to be furnished.
14.0 STAMPING
14.1 After Manufacture, the drum shall be stamped at a place

indicated in the drawing (details of stamping is shown
in the drawing) with seal of Inspecting Authority.
R.Sasikumar S.Selvarajan Rengachari.K A.V.Krishnan

Prepared Reviewed Approved
Product: CARBON STEEL FORGINGS TO SPECIFICATION SA 105 FOR USE IN BOILER DRUM NOZZLES
Records of Revision:
Rev 01 : In clause 5.0 for mechanical testing requirement for high temp tensile test deleted in line with IBR.
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1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This Technical Delivery Condition specifies the

additional requirements for the delivery of carbon steel
forged nozzles conforming to the specification SA 105 to
the latest edition.
1.2 This TDC is supplementary to the mandatory requirements

covered in the specification.
1.3 The size and quantity shall be as specified in the

purchase order.
2.0 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PROCESS
2.1 The steel shall be manufactured by electric furnace or

basic oxygen process and shall be fully killed.
2.2 The chemical composition of the steel shall be tested for

each melt and shall conform to the specification
requirements with the following restriction, in both
ladle and product analysis:
2.2.1 The maximum carbon content shall be limited to 0.30%.
2.3 Forging_practice
2.3.1 Wherever possible, the forgings shall be ring forged or

ring rolled. Nozzles of small diameters or nozzles of
length more than the diameter may be forged as solid
cylinders and subsequently bored.
2.3.2 The longitudinal axis of the finished cylinder shall be

parallel to and shall coincide with the longitudinal axis
of the starting billet. Billets shall not be sectioned to
provide forging stock.
2.3.3 Centre punch outs and cores shall not be used.
2.3.4 All forgings shall be processed to provide adequate metal

flow during the hot working operation in the direction
most favourable for resisting stresses encountered in
service.
2.3.4.1 Forgings made from continuous cast billets shall be hot

forged to provide a 4:1 area reduction.
2.3.4.2 In the open die process, forgings made from hot rolled
billets shall be forged to diameter at least 76 mm
(3 inches) less than the starting size of the billet.
3.0 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES
3.1 The forgings shall conform to the dimensional tolerances

as specified in the drawing. The following tolerances
shall be used in proof machined condition, if it is not
specified:
Outside diameter : + 5 mm, - 0 mm

Wall thickness : + 5 mm, - 0 mm
Length : + 29 mm, - 0 mm
Eccentricity : 3 mm max.
4.0 HEAT TREATMENT
4.1 The forgings shall be supplied in normalised condition as

per specification.
5.0 MECHANICAL TESTING
5.1 The testing for mechanical properties shall be conducted

from finished heat treated material or identical specimen
which has undergone the same amount of working, as per
ASTM A370 for each size/melt/Heat treatment batch and
shall meet the requirements as given below:
5.1.1 Tensile test at room temperature, as per specification.
5.1.2 Bend test at room temperature
Bend test shall be done with specimen of rectangular

cross section machined to a finished size of 25.4 mm wide
by 19 mm thick. The test piece shall be bent cold over
the thinner section through an angle of 180o without
fracture, the internal diameter of the bend being not
greater than the specimen thickness.
5.2 Macro_etching
5.2.1 A macro etch sample shall be taken from one end of the
forging of each size and each forging practice. A cross
section shall be polished and etched to develop flow
lines. Forgings which display a pattern of flow lines
that intersect both inside and outside are not acceptable
(See figure - 1 below).
Figure-1
Acceptable Flow Pattern Unacceptable Flow Pattern
Solid Forging Ring Forging Solid Forging Ring Forging
6.0 NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
6.1 100% ultrasonic test shall be conducted on all forgings

according to SA 388 and the acceptance standard shall be
as per AM 203.2 of ASME Section VIII Division 2.
7.0 WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH
7.1 The forgings shall be examined visually and shall be

free from scales, laps, seams, folds, cracks or other
injurious defects and shall have a workman like finish.
7.2 All the forgings shall be coated with a protective layer

of transparent rust preventive before despatch.
8.0 REPAIR
8.1 Repairs involving fusion welding are prohibited.

8.2 Surface defects can be removed by mechanical means and
the defective areas shall be smoothly dressed up with the
adjacent surface. The minimum thickness after repair
shall meet the drawing requirements.
9.0 MARKING AND PACKING

9.1 The following details shall be legibly marked on each
forging by hard stamping with low stress stamps.
1. Specification and size

2. Melt number
3. Maker's emblem
4. Inspecting authority's seal
9.2 The forgings shall be properly packed and despatched to

avoid any damage during transit.
10.0 INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION
10.1 All the tests specified here shall be carried out at

works and the test results shall be furnished in the
test certificates, countersigned by an inspection agency
recognised under IBR, if the Forger is not recognised as
a "Well known Forger" under IBR. If the Forger is
recognised as a "Well known Forger", then the Forger's TC
is enough.
10.2 The test certificate shall contain the following

details in English language only.
1. Purchase Order Number.

2. Test Certificate Number.
3. TDC Number.
4. Quantity and Size.
5. Steel making/Forging process.
6. Specification and Melt Number.
7. Chemistry - Meltwise (Ladle and product analysis).
8. Heat treatment details like Temperature, soaking time,
cooling medium etc.
9. Mechanical test results - Tensile, Bend and Macro.
10. NDT results with reference and acceptance standards.
11.0 AUDIT CHECKS AT BHEL
11.1 BHEL reserves the right to carry out audit checks for
chemistry, heat treated condition, mechanical testing and
NDT on forgings at their discretion.
11.2 If any forging is found to be defective during check

tests as per Cl. 11.1 or during subsequent processing at
BHEL, such forgings are liable for rejection.
12.0 END USE
12.1 These forgings are intended for use in boiler drums as

nozzles.
Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by
Amit Roy U.Revisankaran K.Rengachari C.Mani

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED
TIRUCHIRAPALLI 620 014
QUALITY ASSURANCE
SIP: PP: 04 / 06 Page 1 of 4
HYDOROSTATIC TESTING OF PRESSURE PARTS

(BOILERS, PRESSURE VESSELS & HEAT EXCHANGERS)
REV DATE PREPARED REVIEWED APPROVED
06 19.05.2009
K.Mohan S.Selvarajan U.Revisankaran
05 17/03/2009 S.Selvarajan U.Revisankaran C.R.Raju

SIP:PP:04/ 06 Page 2 of 4
RECORD OF REVISIONS
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Rev. No. Clause No. Details of Revision
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00/15.07.96 --- This procedure has been made from the document
PR:QE:015/03
01/ 03.04.00 1.2 Clause revised. Hydro test pressure modified.

2.0 to 2.6 Revised for clarity and re-numbered as 2.0 to 2.8.
3.2 to 3.6 Clauses revised for clarity.
Annexure “U2” stamp details modified.
02/ 24.04.00 2.6 & 2.10 Clauses revised for clarity.
03/ 01.03.03 1.2, 2.10, 3.3, Modified

3.4 & Annexure
3.5.1 Added
04/ 31.03.06 Clauses 2.1 to 2.10 Re-arranged, modified and re-numbered as 2.1 to 2.8.
Clauses 3.3, 3.4, 4.1 Modified for clarity.
Annexure Deleted.
05/ 17.03.09 1.2 Revised. Basis of Hydro test pressure for ASME Sec.VIII.D2
vessels is changed based on the revision of ASME
Sec.VIII.D2
06/ 19.05.09 1.2 Modified for clarity
2.8 Split into 2.8 and 2.8.1
3.2 & 3.3 Modified for clarity.

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1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This procedure covers the requirements of hydrostatic testing of pressure parts in boilers,
pressure vessels, heat exchangers, studded pipes etc. The specific requirements, if any,
mentioned in the respective quality plans are also to be followed during the test.
1.2 Hydrostatic test shall be conducted at the minimum test pressure specified in the drawing. The
basis for calculating test pressure is as follows:
a) For parts of IBR & ASME Sec. I : 1.5 times the MAWP
b) For parts of ASME Sec. VIII Div.1 : 1.3 times the MAWP x SR
where MAWP = Maximum allowable working pressure and SR is the lowest ratio (for the
materials of which the vessel is constructed) of the stress value S for the test
temperature on the vessel to the stress value S for the design temperature.
c) For parts of ASME Sec. VIII Div. 2 : Greater of 1.43 x MAWP (or) 1.25 x MAWP x (ST/S)
where MAWP = Maximum allowable working pressure and ST’ is the allowable stress at
Test temeperature and ‘S’ is the allowable stress at Design temperature and the ratio
(ST/S) is the lowest ratio for the pressure boundary materials, excluding bolting
materials, of which the vessel is constructed
2.0 PREPARATION FOR HYDROSTATIC TEST
2.1 Before hydrostatic test, the components shall be complete with regard to welding, NDE, PWHT
etc. as envisaged in the drawing and QP.
2.2 All the openings shall be closed with proper dummy welding or suitable mechanical fixtures.
2.3 The component shall be supported carefully avoiding point contacts.
2.4 An indicating guage shall be connected to the pressure part such that it is visible to the operator
controlling the pressure applied. The pressure indicating gauges selected shall have dials
graduated over a range of double the intended maximum test pressure; but in no case shall the
range be less than 1.5 times the test pressure nor more than 4 times the intended test pressure.
The spacing between graduations shall be such that the inspector and the operator controlling
the test shall be able to determine when the required test pressure has been applied. The
pressure guages shall have valid calibration.
2.5 For drums, headers and vessels, two pressure guages shall be used. One guage shall be kept
on the top location of the part under test and the other one at any other convenient location.
However, for tubular parts where pressure head is very low, the guage can be kept in the
pressure line itself.
2.6 Vents shall be provided at all high points of the component / assembly in the position in which it
is to be tested to purge possible air pockets while the components is being water filled.
2.7 The pressurising system shall have suitable valve connections such that the part under testing is
isolated during the test.
2.8 Potable water shall be used for the test, unless specified otherwise. The temperature of water
shall be not less than 20 deg. C and not more than 50 deg. C during the test.
2.8.1 For ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1 & 2 applications, it is recommended that the vessel metal temperature
during testing is maintained at least 17 deg. C above the minimum design metal temperature
(MDMT), but need not be more than 50 deg. C. In all cases, if the test temperature exceeds 50
deg. C, inspection of the vessel shall be delayed until the temperature is reduced to 50 deg. C or
less.
3.0 HYDROSTATIC TEST
3.1 The hydrostaic test shall be conducted in the presence of Authourised inspector / inspecting
officer, wherever applicable.
3.2 After complete venting, vents shall be closed. Careful examination shall be done for possible
leakages especially in dummy blanks before pressurising. The pressure shall be raised
gradually. In case of boiler parts, actual pressure may exceed the test pressure by note more
than 6% provided no part of the boiler shall be subjected to a general membrane stress greater
than 90% of its yield strength (0.2% offset) at test temperature.
3.3 The test pressure shall be maintained for 30 minutes (5 minutes for tubular products in boilers)
minimum and then reduced to the pressure as follows.
a) For IBR and ASME Sec.I - MAWP
b) For ASME Sec.VIII Div.1 - Not less than the test pressure divided by 1.3
c) For ASME Sec.VIII Div.2 - Not less than the test pressure divided by 1.43
3.4 This pressure shall be maintained for a sufficient period to permit complete examination by the
inspecting authority.
3.5 A close visual examination shall be carried out for leaks / sweats in welds at the pressure
indicated as above. No leak / sweating is permitted. When there is an appreciable pressure drop
without any gross leakages, the joints in the pump flanges, valve gasket and dummies shall be
checked for leakages. After arresting them, the test shall continue.
3.6 Where leaks are noticed, it shall be recorded. After draining the water completely, the repair
shall be done with the approval of the inspecting officer. Post weld Heat treatment, if required for
repair, shall be done before retest.
3.7 When repairs are made, the part shall again be subjected to the hydrostatic test as in the regular
way.
3.8 After successful hydrostatic test, the component shall be completely drained and dried where
necessary.
4.0 STAMPING
4.1 After successful hydrostatic testing, the test parameters shall be stamped as detailed in the
Quality Plan / Drawing for stamped parts / assemblies such as vessels, heat exchangers, drums,
headers and pipings of dia. 127 mm & above. The details shall be stamped on a name plate /
component.
5.0 DOCUMENTATION
5.1 A facsimile of the stamping details shall be taken on a tracing and filed.
5.2 A hydrostatic test report shall be prepared, duly signed by the inspection agency and filed.
@@@@@
BHEL, Tiruchirappalli - 620014. Quality Assurance Standard Inspection Procedure
Product: QUALITY ASSURANCE DIAMETER, CIRCULARITY & PROFILE REQUIREMENTS (BOILER
DRUMS)
Document No.: SIP:PP:05 Rev.No.: 00 Effective date: 15/07/1996 Page: 1

Revision Record: RECORD OF REVISIONS
---------------------------------------
Rev. No. Clause No. Details of Revision Remarks
---------------------------------------
00 PR:QE:177/00 was revised and renamed

as SIP:PP:05
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1 .0 SCOPE
This procedure details out the quality requirements for diameter, circularity and
profile for shells and dished ends for boiler drums.
2.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
IBR, ASME Section I.
3.0 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
SHELLS
Diameter
Circumference measurements shall be performed at intervals of approximately
1 metre over the full length, on the outside of the vessel shell. From these
measurements, the average outside diameter shall be calculated. The outer
diameter shall not depart from the given theoretical outside diameter by more than
+ 1%.
Circularity
The difference between the maximum and minimum inside diameters measured at
any cross section of the shell shall not exceed 1% of the nominal(average) inter-
nal diameter at the cross section under consideration.
The diameters may be measured on the outside or inside of the vessel. If meas-
ured on the outside, the diameters shall be corrected for the plate thickness at the
cross section under consideration.
When the shell is made of plates of unequal thicknesses, the measurements shall
be corrected for the plate thicknesses, as they may apply, to determine the dia-
meters at the middle line of the plate thickness.
When the cross section passes through an opening or within 1 ID of the opening
measured from the center of the opening, the permissible difference in inside
diameters may be increased by 2% of the ID of the opening.
In order to meet the circularity requirements, the shell may be rerolled, reformed
and heat treated subsequently, if necessary. If this occurs, it shall be followed by
NDE (MPI & RT/UT) on the weld seams.
Profile
Any departure of profile measured on the outside of the shell with a profile gauge
of the designed form of the exterior of the shell, having length equal to a quarter
of the nominal internal diameter shall not exceed the percentage given below.
Flats at the welded seams shall not be permitted and any local departure from
circularity shall be gradual.
Nominal ID of drum Profile departure in
Percentage of nominal ID
Upto and including } 0.375
914 mm }
Document No.: SIP:PP:05 Rev.No.: 00 Page: 2
Over 914 upto and } 0.350
including 1143 mm }
Over 1143 mm 0.300
DISHED ENDS
Diameter
The outer circumference of the dished end shall be measured at the skirt portion
and the outer diameter shall be calculated. The outer diameter shall not depart
from the given theoretical outside diameter by more than + 1%, however this
deviation shall not affect the thickness requirement during machining.
Circularity
The skirts of dished ends shall be sufficiently true to round so that the difference
between the maximum and minimum diameters shall not exceed 1% of the
nominal (average) diameter. However, this out of circularity shall not affect the
thickness requirements during machining.
Profile (For ASME Section I applications only)
The inner surface of the Ellipsoidal dished ends shall not deviate outside of the
specified shape by more than 1.25% of the nominal inside diameter of the dished
end (ID at the skirt portion). Departure inside of the specified shape shall not be
permitted.
The deviation measurements shall be taken on the surface of the base metal and
not on welds, using a profile gauge having length not less than a quarter of the
nominal ID of the dished end.
4.0 DOCUMENTATION
The diameter, circularity and profile measurements shall be recorded in checklist,
log or history card.
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

TIRUCHIRAPPALLI - 620 014
QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
AMENDMENT TO QUALITY WORK INSTRUCTIONS (QWI)
QWI NO: QP NO. : SIP:PP: 22 REV.: 03
AMENDMENT SL NO: A1 DATE: 01/12/2004
PROCEDURE FOR SURFACE PREPARATION AND PAINTING
(Boilers and Valve Components)
Clause No Amended as… Basis for amendment
Annexure II & As below

Decision taken at FB Operations
Review meeting on Dt: 01/12/04
Annexure IV
ANNEXURE - I I : PAINTING SCHEME FOR FOSSIL BOILER PGMAs
PG Description PGMA(s) Surface preparation Painting Scheme
Columns 35 - 1xx
Ceiling Girders, Cross Beams 35 - 2xx SSPC SP 3

Columns 36 - 1xx 1a
Columns 38 - 1xx
Columns 39- 1 xx
ANNEXURE - IV : PAINTING SCHEME FOR FBC & HRSG PGMAs
PG Description PGMA(s) Surface preparation Painting Scheme
Bunker Structure 34 - xxx
Columns 35 - 1xx SSPC SP 3 1a

Ceiling Girders, Cross Beams 35 - 2xx
NOTE The above-mentioned changes will be incorporated in the relevant QWI during the
next revision of the document.
Prepared by: V Jayaraman Approved by: V Thyagarajan
Signature & Dt: Signature & Dt:

SIP:PP:22/03 PAGE : 2 of 14
RECORD OF REVISIONS
Rev.No. Date Details of revision Remarks
00 15.07.96 PR:QE:104/05 was revised totally and

renamed as SIP:PP:22. Content of PR:QE:185
/00 is also merged with this document.
01 16.07.98 The document has been revised to incorporate

service condition oriented painting selection
scheme for components PGMA wise. SIP :
VS : 09 and SIP : VS : 18 are merged with
this document.
02 02.08.99 Editorial changes in several clauses based on

feedback. Annexure - VI & VIII of Revn 01
removed. Annexure VII added. Clauses
renumbered. Sub clauses added in CL. 5.0
based on feed back. Annexure- III painting
schemes changed.
03 23.04.03 Completely modified

1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This procedure covers the requirements of Surface preparation and application of Primer and
Finish paints for components of FB, IPP, Valves and Spares based on environmental and service
conditions.
1.2 Special Contractual requirements, if any, will be indicated in a) the respective Drawings
(when customer approval is require d) b) through a separate Contract Specific Document (
with customer approval wherever called for) . The Contract Specific Document will be
initiated by the concerned Engineering/ Commercial/Contracts/ Marketing group and further
details filled in by Plant Laboratory). The linkage will be provided in the CQR issued by QA.
2.0 GENERAL
2.1 This procedure specifies the painting requirements to a) provide adequate surface protection of
components under good storage conditions at Site b) temporary protection for components
coming inside the boiler in flue gas path till they are erected inside the boiler and c) protection for
a reasonable time till completion of erection for components continuously exposed to
atmospheric environment.
2.2 However, sites shall assess the need and carry out cosmetic re-preservation as required when
components are received at site and subsequently, at a predetermined periodicity based on site
storage conditions..
2.3 For bought-out items, the painting scheme shall be as specified in Engineering Drawing /
Specification. Wherever it is not specified, it shall be as per the painting scheme of the
applicable PGMA in this document.
2.4 In case of any non-clarity / missing PGMAs in painting scheme, the concerned Engineering
Group may be contacted for clarification.
3.0 PAINTING SCHEME
3.1 The surface preparation, primer coat and finish coat requirements for various painting schemes
are given in Annexures I to IV
3.2 The Paints envisaged in this document are coded as Pa XX and the details of the paint
specification are given in Annexure - I (b).
4.0 SURFACE PREPARATION
4.1 Surfaces of components shall be thoroughly cleaned before the application of primer paint
and shall be free from grease, oil, dust, rust, weld slag, spatters etc..
4.2 Abrasive blast cleaning to SSPC-SP6 (Sa 2)grade shall be done to prepare the surface of hot
worked pipes prior to application of primer.
5.0 APPLICATION OF PAINT

5.1 Primer paint shall be applied within 4 hours in the case of shot blast cleaning and within 8 hours
for mechanical cleaning.
5.2 Wherever tubes / pipes are not either shot blasted or heat treated during manufacture, the rust
preventive coating provided by the tube / pipe mill shall be treated as base for primer coating for
subsequent painting of alkyd base paints like one coat of redoxide zinc chrome (when called for).
When special paint is specified in the painting scheme, the existing Rust preventive fluid is to be
removed by blast cleaning. However, the rusted areas are to be cleaned free of oil, grease, rust
etc. thoroughly using emery paper/ wire brush and making the rust preventive coated surfaces
coarse.
5.3 Ready mixed paints shall be used as supplied by the supplier without any addition of thinner
unless otherwise specified. Two pack systems are to be used as per supplier’s instructions.
5.4 Wherever Second coat or Finish coat is to be applied in succession, 12 hours minimum drying
time shall be provided between each coat for single pack paints. For two pack system refer paint
supplier’s catalogue.
5.5 No painting is required in case of Stainless Steel, Aluminum and Galvanized components,
unless otherwise specified in contracts.
5.6 For all machined components, rust preventive fluids shall be applied .
5.7 All weld edge preparations for site welding shall be applied with one coat of Weldable
primer. For small components having weld ends on both sides, full surface can be painted with
weldable primer.
5.8 Part processed items meant for shop assembly shall be painted at sub-contractors works with
primer / special paints (when called for in the painting scheme) based on the scope of the
indent/Purchase Order. Further paint touchup / Coating shall be given appropriately during
assembly.
5.9 All threaded components of spring assemblies and turn buckles shall be galvanized and
achromatized to 15 microns minimum thickness
5.10 For items meant for Spares and subcontracting where no further processing is involved, , the
painting scheme selected shall be the same as that of similar product configuration / description
and not with respect to PGMA. All running meter items for spares one coat of Red Oxide primer
is sufficient.
5.11 Assemblies consisting of machined components and special equipments shall not be shot
blasted wherever it may affect the system. In such cases power tool cleaning may be
adopted for the localized areas only.
5.12 In components (For example: Expansion Joints), wherever plates / sheets of thickness less than or
equal to 5mm is used, power tool or Sand /emery paper cleaning can be adopted with painting
scheme 3, or alternate scheme as specified in the contract painting scheme.
5.13 Wherever inside surfaces of components need protection till erection (for example inside surfaces
of ducts and dampers), two coats of primer (Pa 8) are to be applied.
6.0 INTERNAL PROTECTION
6.1 For internal protection of Pipes , tubes, headers and other pressure parts , VCI pellets shall be
put ( after sponge testing / draining and /or drying ) and subsequently end capped.
6.2 The dosage of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI) pellets shall be approximately 100 grams/ m3
For tubes typically 4 -5 tablets per end are to be put.
6.3 For C & I items the dosage of self indicating Silica gel (color less) shall be 250 grams per
Cubic meter. (about 2 to 3 bags weighing approximately 100 grams each) .
6.4 VCI pellets shall not be used for stainless steel components and its composite assemblies.
7.0 CLEANING OF PAINTED & RUST PREVENTIVE COATED SURFACES
Wherever required, paints and rust preventive protection can be removed either by using the
following commercial solvents or by flame cleaning/ blasting.
For Rust preventive Acetone, Carbon Tetra Chloride or Tri-Chloro Ethylene

For all paints Alkaline paint strippers or Solvent based paint strippers
COMPARATIVE CHART FOR SURFACE PREPARATION SCHEME
DESCRIPTION SSPC Scheme Swedish Standard

SIS - 05 - 5900
Solvent cleaning SSPC-SP1 -
Hand tool cleaning SSPC-SP2 St2
Power tool cleaning SSPC-SP3 St3
Flame cleaning SSPC-SP4 Fl
Blast cleaning to white metal SSPC-SP5 Sa3
Commercial blast cleaning SSPC-SP6 Sa2
Brush off blast cleaning SSPC-SP7 Sa1
Pickling SSPC-SP8 -
Blast Cleaning to near white metal SSPC-SP10 Sa2½
ABRASIVE BLAST CLEANING
To get a profile of 25-50 microns, the following sand , grit or shot sizes are to be used for
getting optimum results.
ABRASIVE Size in mm Proportion by% Mass

River Sand 0.6 to 1.2 mm 95 % minimum
(ASTM 16-30 mesh)
Cast steel shots to SAE 230 + 1.00 0%
+ 0.85 <0.10%
+ 0.60 85.0%
+ 0.50 97.0% (Cumulative)
Steel Grits to SAE G 40 + 0.425 >70.0%
+ 0.30 >80.0% (Cumulative)
+ 1.00 0.0 %
ANNEXURE - I (a) GUIDELINES FOR PAINTING SCHEME SELECTION

Painting Anticipated Service Condition Primer Coat Finish Coat Total Remarks
Scheme Paint No. of DFT per Paint No. of DFT per DFT
No coats Coat- µm coats Coat-µm µm
1a Permanently exposed to atmosphere in service - Pa 1 1 30 Pa2 2 20 70
Normal industrial atmosphere
1b Permanently exposed to corrosive atmosphere in service- Pa3 2 50 Pa4 2 30 160
Coastal / refinery environment
1c Permanently exposed to atmosphere in service, but Pa5 1 -- -- -- -- --
painting / difficult-to-remove-coatings not preferred.
2 Temporary Protection till erection - exposed to flue gas Pa7 1 35 -- -- -- 35 Dip / Brush Coat
in service
3 Temporary Protection till erection - fully insulated (not Pa1 2 30 -- -- -- 60

in the flue gas path) high temperature service
4 Temporary Protection till erection - where painting is not Pa9 1 25 -- -- -- 25
recommended, but coating of oil is preferred
5 Temporary Protection till erection - where painting is not Pa9 1 25 -- -- -- 25
recommended, but rust preventive coating is preferred
6 Protection by galvanizing Galvanizing to 610 gm / m3 (85 µm approximately)
7 Protection by Phosphating Phosphating to 1500 mg/ ft 2 (16.15 gm / m2) is recommended by Seven Tank method
8 Non-insulated components, externally visible, facing Pa10 1 15 Pa10 1 15 30

high temperature service upto 200 ° C
high temperature service from 200 ° C to 400 ° C
high temperature service from 400 ° C to 600 ° C
11 No need for any surface protection -- -- -- -- -- -- --
12 Sea Water carrying pipes requiring internal protection Pa13 1 200 -- -- -- 200
13 Paints for off-shore applications Pa14 1 100 Pa15 1 30 130
14 Specific painting based on contract requirements Contract Painting Scheme shall be adopted in total
15 Lesiga Practice Pa 18 1 35 Pa 15 1 30 65
16 Permanently exposed to atmosphere in service – Pa 3 2 50 Pa 4 2 30 160
Atmospheric Temperature is sub-zero ( as low as – 30 C
17 Permanently exposed to atmosphere in service- Pa 6 1 40 Pa 16 1 40 80 Sub-delivery items
Requiring fire retardant protection
ANNEXURE - I (b) : PAINT SPECIFICATIONS
Paint
Specification PAINT DESCRIPTION
code
Pa 1 Red oxide Zinc phosphate primer (Alkyd Base) to IS 12744 by brush
/spray
Pa 2 Synthetic Enamel long oil Alkyd to IS 2932 (latest)
Pa 3 High Build Chlorinated Rubber based Zinc Phosphate Primer
% Volume Solids = 40 (min), DFT= 50µm / Coat (min)
Pa 4 Chlorinated Rubber based Finish Paint
Pa 5 Non drying type rust preventive fluid to IS 1154 (latest)
Pa 6 Inorganic Ethyl Zinc Silicate Primer to IS 14946

Pa 7 Zinc chrome Primer (Alkyd base) by Dip Coat. (Shade : Yellow)
BHEL specification PR:CHEM:09-03 (latest)
Red oxide Zinc phosphate primer (Alkyd Base) to IS 12744 by dip coat
to BHEL specification PR:CHEM:09-03 (latest) – after consumption /
usage of existing paint stocks confirming to Zinc chrome Primer
(Alkyd base - Shade : Yellow)
Pa 8 Deleted and replaced by Pa 1
Pa 9 Rust preventive fluid by spray, dip or brush.
BHEL specification PR:CHEM:09-04 (latest)
Pa 10 Heat Resistant Aluminum paint to IS 13183 - Grade 3 (latest)
Pa 13 High Build Polyamine cured Coal Tar Epoxy Primer to IS 14948
Pa 14 High Build Aluminum Epoxy Mastic Primer to IS 13184
Pa 15 Aliphatic Acrylic Polyurethane Paint to IS 13213
Pa 16 Epoxy Polyamide cured Finish Paint to IS 14209
Pa17 General Purpose Aluminum Paint to IS 2339(latest)
Pa 18 Epoxy Zinc rich Primer to IS 14589 Grade. II
% VS=35 (min) DFT= 40 mic. (min)
ANNEXURE - I I : PAINTING SCHEME FOR FOSSIL BOILER PGMAs

PG Description PGMA(s) Surface Painting Color/Shade
preparation Scheme (See Note 3) / Remarks
Drum & suspension rods 04-XXX (Except SSPC SP 3 1a International Orange
internals) Shade 592
Drum internals 04-XXX SSPC SP 3 5
Loose components in drum & 04-1XX, 04-196 * SSPC SP 3 3 * Finish coat : Yellow
drum transport structure * enamel
Headers & Loose tubes 05-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
WW , SH Panels 06-XXX, 11-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
DC, Riser, Suction Manifold 07-1XX, SSPC SP 3 3 For raisers having RPF
07-201,215,218 one coat of primer is
sufficient.
Loose Tubes, Pr. Part Seals 07-2XX , 07-501,601 SSPC SP 3 2 /3* *07-216, 217
Hanger & Supports - WW 07-40X,431 SSPC SP 6 1a,
07-410 SSPC SP 10 15 15=CLH
Buck stays 08-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a, 1a=VLH,
Seal Boxes 09-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
SH Headers & Loose tubes 10-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
SH Coils, Elements 11-XXX,12 XXX SSPC SP 3 2
SH Lines & Links (Including 12-XXX, 12-903 SSPC SP 3 3
DESH) (Other than hangers
and Supports)
Hanger & Supports - SH 12-9XX SSPC SP 6 1a, 1a=VLH,
(Except 12-903)
Misc. components 12-903,17-903, SSPC SP 3 3
19-903
RH Headers & Loose tubes 15-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
RH Coils , Elements 16-XXX SSPC SP 3 2
RH Lines and Links (Including 17-XXX , 17-903 SSPC SP 3 3
and Supports)
Hanger & Supports - RH 17-9XX SSPC SP 6 1a, 1a=VLH,
(Except 17-903)
Hanger & Supports - Eco 19-9XX SSPC SP 6 1a, 1a=VLH, 15=CLH
(Except 19-903) SSPC SP 10 15
Hanger & Supports - Others PGs 21,24, 47, 48, 80 SSPC SP 6 1a, 1a=VLH, 15=CLH
80-8XX * SSPC SP 10 15 * Piping Center scope
Roof Skin casing 18-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
Economizer Coils/Elements 19-XXX , 19-903 SSPC SP 3 2,3 2=Coils /Elements
/Headers , Loose tubes (Other than hangers 3=Headers ,Loose tunes
and Supports)
Economizer Links 19-850,851 SSPC SP 3 3
S.B. Piping 21-600 SSPC SP 3 3
S.B. Piping supports 21-601 SSPC SP 3 1a
S.B. Components 21-700 SSPC SP 3 1a
S.B. Valves 21-800 * * *Refer to valves scheme
S.B. Safety Valves 21-850 * * *Refer to valves scheme
Condenser Pipe & Fittings 24-370 SSPC SP 3 8
Cooler & Strainer assembly for 24-374 SSPC SP 3 1a
circulating pump
Trim Pipe Supports 24-X00, 24-X75, SSPC SP 3 1a
24-X95, 24-X15,
Trim Piping , Fittings & 24-X00, 24-X75, SSPC SP 3 3
Headers & Loose tubes 24-X95
Valves/Trim pipes/SV/DWLG 24-X60,X73,X80 SSPC SP 3 3
PG Description PGMA(s) Surface Painting Color/Shade

Silencer * S.V. Escape Pipes 24-X20, 24-X85 & SSPC SP 6 9 *Refer to valves scheme
24-X90
Manhole Doors 28-220 SSPC SP 3 10
Fixing components (Boiler) 30-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
SSPC SP 3 5 Threaded portions /
Fasteners are to be
applied with Rust
preventive coating
Boiler Skin casing 31-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
Fixing components 32-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
(Auxiliaries) SSPC SP 3 5 Threaded portions /
Fasteners are to be
applied with Rust
preventive coating.
Outer casing sheets of
GI/Aluminium should
both be painted.
Woven Wire cloth 33-970 -- 11
(Stain less steel)
Columns 35-1xx SSPC SP 6 1a
(Except 35-190)
Ceiling Girders, Cross Beams 35-2xx SSPC SP 6 1a
Foundation materials 35-010, -- 11
Boiler Supporting Structures 35-XXX , 36-XXX, SSPC SP 3 1a
(Other than columns ,ceiling 38-XXX, & 39-XXX
girders, Floor grills, stairs,
ladders hand rails/posts, and
foundation materials)
Boiler Roof Sheeting (Vendor 35-611 -- 11
Item) AC Sheets / GI Sheets
Burner Roof Sheeting (Vendor 36-611 -- 11
item) AC Sheets / GI Sheets
Floor grills (Including Guard 35-811, SSPC SP 3 1a Black Shade
plates), 36-811,813,814
38-810 & 39-810
Stair and Ladders 35-822 ,823 ,36-820 SSPC SP 3 1a Black Shade ( for step
38-820,39-820 threads)
Hand rails and posts 34-850, 35-851 SSPC SP 3 1a Black Shade
36-850,851,852,853
38-850, 39-850
Columns 36-1xx SSPC SP 6 1a No painting required
below “0” level.
Galleries and stair-ways 36-XXX (Except SSPC SP 3 1a
36-8XX & 36-611)
Boiler outer casing components 37-010 SSPC SP 3 3
Fasteners are to be
applied with Rust
preventive coating
Foundation Material 38-010 11
Interconnecting Walkways 38-XXX (Except 1a
38-010)
SIP:PP:22/03 PAGE : 10 of 14
PG Description PGMA(s) Surface Painting Shade/Shade

Foundation Material 35-010, 38-010, -- 11
39-010,39-012,
Floor grills (Including Guard 39-810 SSPC SP 3 1a Black shade
plates), ID System
I.D. System structures 39-XXX (Except SSPC SP 3 1a
39-010 & 39-8XX)
Recovery Boiler System 40-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
Components
Oil & Gas burners and ignitors 41-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
& scanners
Oil & Gas System 42-XXX (Except SSPC SP 3 1a
42-030)
Oil preheating system 42-030 SSPC SP 3 3
Ignitor , Scanner & Seal air 43-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
system
Coal Burner System 45-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
Stoker system 46-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
Pulverized fuel piping 47-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
Expansion Joints 48-XX4 SSPC SP 3 3
Duct Supports 48-XX5 SSPC SP 3 3
Cold air Ducts/ 48-0X2, 48-1X2 SSPC SP 3 1a
Cold air Dampers 48-013, 033,113,143 SSPC SP 3 1a
Dampers 48-XX3 (except 48- SSPC SP 3 3
013,033,113,143)
Gates 48-XX0 SSSP SP3 1a
Hot air/Flue Ducts/ 48-2X2 ,48-3X2, SSPC SP 3 3
48-4X2 ,5X2 ,6X2
Foundation Material 48-019 -- 11
Gravimetric Feeders 65-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a Admiralty Gray
Coal Valve / feeder 67-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
MS/HRH/ CRH/Aux./Feed lines 80-3XX SSPC SP 3 3 See Clause 4.2
HPBP/LPBP* 80-733 SSPC SP 3 3 * Piping Center scope
Feed / Condensate lines 80-4XX,5XX,6XX SSPC SP 3 3
CLH 80-8XX,9XX SSPC-SP10 15 * Piping Center scope
VLH 80-8XX,9XX SSPC-SP6 1a * Piping Center scope
Auxiliary Structure 80-8XX,9XX SSPC-SP6 1a * Piping Center scope
Service water and condensate 80-400 to 418,429, SSPC SP 3 1a * Piping Center scope
436, 457 to 499
Acid cleaning lube oil 80-600,601,604,673 SSPC SP 3 1a * Piping Center scope
IBD, CBD tanks 81-XXX SSPC SP 3 3 * Piping Center scope
Storage tanks(Un insulated) 81-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a * Piping Center scope
Fuel Oil piping 80-650 SSPC SP 3 3 * Piping Center scope
Supports for cable trays 95-091,092 SSPC-SP 3 1a
Pressure vessel for DL Water 97-195 SSPC-SP 3 9
level gauge
Hoist - Grey, Hook - Black 99-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
Erection materials XX-993 SSPC-SP 3 3 If RPF is available one
coat is sufficient.
NOTES:
1. Rust Preventive Coating to be applied on HSFG Bolt threads and other threaded portions.
2. Machined surfaces are to be applied with a coating of Rust Preventive Oil .
3. All shade numbers are as per IS 5. Unless otherwise specified Color/Shade shall be Smoke gray
Shade No. 692 of IS5.
SIP:PP:22/03 PAGE : 11 of 14
ANNEXURE - III : PAINTING SCHEME FOR VALVES
COMPONENTS Painting Shade/ Shade**/

Scheme Remarks
All API Valves 10 Aluminum
Cast carbon steel 10 Aluminum
Valves(Conventional)
Cast alloy steel Valves 10 Aluminum
(Conventional )
Stainless Steel Valves NO PAINTING IS
REQUIRED
Forged Valves 7 Phosphating
QC NRV 10 Aluminum
HP/LP System 10 Aluminum
Soot Blower Components 1a Verdigris Green,
Shade 280
SV & SRV 10 Aluminum
Silencers 10 Aluminum
Water Level Gauge 10 Aluminum
On Shore OFE Items 1b French Blue
Shade 166
Off Shore OFE Components 13 French Blue
Shade 166
Arrow * Post Office Red
Shade 538
Painting Spec -
Pa2
Hand Wheels * Aluminum
Painting Spec -
Pa17
* - As per Valve Scheme

** - All shade numbers are as per IS 5.
NOTES
i. Machined surfaces and threads are to be applied with a coating of Rust Preventive Oil .
ii. All shade numbers are as per IS 5. Unless otherwise specified Color/Shade shall be Smoke
gray Shade No. 692 of IS5.
SIP:PP:22/03 PAGE : 12 of 14
ANNEXURE IV –
PAINTING REQUIREMENTS FOR FBC & HRSG
PG Description PGMA(s) Surface Painting Shade/Shade

Drum & suspension rods 04-XXX (Except SSPC SP 3 1a International Orange
internals) Shade 592
Drum internals 04-XXX SSPC SP 3 5
Loose components in drum & 04-1XX, 04-196 * SSPC SP 3 3 * Finish coat : Yellow
drum transport structure * enamel
Drum saddle bearing plate 04-156 SSPC SP 3 1a
Headers & Loose tubes 05-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
WW , SH Panels 06-XXX, 11-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
DC, Riser, Suction Manifold 07-1XX, SSPC SP 3 3 For raisers having RPF
07-201,206,207,208 one coat of primer is
sufficient.
Loose Tubes, Pr. Part Seals 07-2XX , 07-501,601 SSPC SP 3 2 /3* *07-216, 217
WW, Hanger, Headers, DC, 07-4XX SSPC-SP3 1a
Raiser Supports
Module supports 07-504, 505, 506 SSPC SP 3 1a
&510
Buck stays and roof supports 08-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a, 1a=VLH,
Seal Boxes 09-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
SH Headers , Loose tubes 10-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
SH Coils, Elements 11-XXX,12 XXX SSPC SP 3 2
SH Lines & Links (Including 12-XXX, 12-903 SSPC SP 3 3
and Supports)
Hanger & Supports - SH 12-9XX SSPC SP 6 1a, 1a=VLH, 15=CLH
Misc. components 12-903,17-903, SSPC SP 3 3
19-903
RH Headers , Loose tubes 15-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
RH Coils, Elements 16-XXX SSPC SP 3 2
RH Lines and Links (Including 17-XXX , 17-903 SSPC SP 3 3
and Supports)
Hanger & Supports - RH 17-9XX SSPC SP 6 1a, 1a=VLH
(Except 17-903)
Hanger & Supports - Eco 19-9XX SSPC SP 6 1a, 1a=VLH, 15=CLH
Hanger & Supports - Others PGs 21,24,47, 48, 80 SSPC SP 6 1a, 1a=VLH, 15=CLH
80-8XX * SSPC SP 10 15 * Piping Center scope
Roof Skin casing 18-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
Economizer Coils/Elements 19-XXX , 19-903 SSPC SP 3 2,3 2=Coils /Elements
/Headers (Other than hangers 3=Headers
and Supports)
Economizer Links 19-7xx,8xx SSPC SP 3 3
S.B. Piping 21-600 SSPC SP 3 3
S.B. Piping supports 21-601,725 SSPC SP 3 1a
S.B. Valves 21-800 SSPC SP 3 3
S.B. Safety Valves 21-825, 850 SSPC SP 3 3
Trim Pipe Supports 24-X01,X25,X40, SSPC SP 3 1a
X75,X95,
Trim Piping , Fittings & 24-X00,X40,X73, SSPC SP 3 3
Headers X75, X95
SIP:PP:22/03 PAGE : 13 of 14
PG Description PGMA(s) Surface Painting Colour/Shade

Valves/Trim pipes/SV/DWLG 24-X60,X73,X80 SSPC SP 3 3
* Silencer/S.V. Escape Pipes 24-X20,X85 & X90 SSPC SP 6 9 *Refer to Valves scheme
Water Washing piping 24-466 SSPC SP 3 1a
Manhole Doors 28-220 SSPC SP 3 10
Fixing components (Boiler) 30-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
Fasteners are to be
applied with Rust
preventive coating
Boiler Skin casing 31-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
Fixing components 32-XXX SSPC SP 3 3
(Auxiliaries) SSPC SP 3 5 Threaded portions /
Fasteners are to be
applied with Rust
preventive coating.
Outer casing sheets of
GI/Aluminum should
both be painted.
Bunker Structure 34-XXX SSPC SP 6 1a
(Except 35-190) below “0” level.
Ceiling Girders, cross beams 35-2xx SSPC SP 6 1a
Foundation materials 35-010,38-010, -- 11
39-01X
Boiler Supporting Structures 35-XXX , 36-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
(Other than columns ,ceiling 38-XXX, & 39-XXX
girders, Floor Grills, Step
Threads, roof sheetings, hand
rails/posts, and foundation
materials)
Boiler Roof Sheeting (Vendor 35-611,36-611 -- 11
Item) AC Sheets / GI Sheets
/Meta Poly sheets
Transportation structure for 35-390,391,392 SSPC SP 3 1a
modules
Floor grills (Including Guard 36-81X SSPC SP 3 1a Black Shade
plates), 38-810 & 39-810
Stair and Ladders 35-822 ,823 ,36-820 SSPC SP 3 1a Black Shade ( for step
38-820,39-820 threads)
Hand rails and posts 36-85X SSPC SP 3 1a Black Shade
Boiler outer casing components 37-010 SSPC SP 3 3
Fasteners are to be
applied with Rust
preventive coating
Oil & Gas burners and ignitors 41-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
& scanners
Oil & Gas System 42-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
Ignitor , Scanner & Seal air 43-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
system
Ash Cooler 44-402,403` SSPC SP 3 1a
Distributor plate 45-450 SSPC SP 3 3
Fuel piping 47-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
Expansion Joints 48-XX4 SSPC SP 3 1a
Duct Supports 48-XX5 SSPC SP 3 1a
SIP:PP:22/03 PAGE : 14 of 14
PG Description PGMA(s) Surface Painting Colour/Shade

Cold air Ducts/ Dampers/ 48-0XX, 44-49X, SSPC SP 3 1a All Exterior surfaces
3 All Interior surfaces
Gates 48-XX3, 48-XX0 SSPC SP 3 3
Hot air/Flue Ducts/ 48-2XX ,48-3XX, SSPC SP 3 1a Exterior of HRSG
Dampers/Gates 48-4XX ,48-7XX casings.
44-432,48X 3 FBC (both sides),
48-1xx HRSG (Interior)
Coal Feeders 47-953 SSPC SP 3 1a
Bunker 66-XXX SSPC SP 3 1a
(except 66-125)
Coal gate 67-252 SSPC SP 3 1a
Boiler feed piping 80-085 SSPC SP 3 3
HPBP, LPBP 80-7XX SSPC SP 3 3 *Piping Center scope
CLH 80-8XX,9XX SSPC SP 10 15 *Piping Center scope
Feed / Condensate lines 80-4XX,5XX,6XX SSPC SP 3 3
Auxiliary Structure 80-8XX,9XX SSPC-SP6 1a * Piping Center scope
Acid cleaning lube oil 80-600,601,604,673 SSPC SP 3 1a * Piping Center scope
IBD, CBD tanks 81-XXX SSPC SP 3 3 * Piping Center scope
Trim pipe Headers, fittings and 80-,145,273, 274, SSPC SP 3 1a
Supports 421, 600 & 601
Hoist - Grey, Hook - Black 99-100 SSPC SP 3 1a
Supports for cable trays 97-457 SSPC-SP 3 1a
Loose components (PR Parts) HL- 097 SSPC SP 3 3
Loose components (Ducts) HL-098 SSPC SP 3 1a
Spool Duct HL-7XX SSPC SP 3 1a
Loose components Structures) HL- 099 SSPC SP 3 1a
Modules HV-1XX, HL-1XX SSPC SP 3 3, 3:headers
5 5:Fined tubes (PWHT
area)
Links HV-2XX, HL-2XX SSPC SP 3 3
Module components HL-3XX, HV-3XX SSPC SP 3 3
L Frame and Insulation HV-4XX SSPC SP 3 3
Side Casing for modules HV-5XX, HL-5XX SSPC SP 3 1a
Top and bottom casings HV-6XX, HL-6XX SSPC SP 3 1a
Loose Casings HL-7XX SSPC SP 3 1a
NOTES:
1. Rust Preventive Coating to be applied on HSFG Bolt threads and other threaded components.
2. Machined surfaces are to be applied with a coating of Rust Preventive oil.
3. All shade numbers are as per IS 5. Unless otherwise specified Color/Shade shall be Smoke gray
Shade No. 692 of IS5.
TIRUCHIRAPPALLI - 620 014
QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
AMENDMENT TO QUALITY WORK INSTRUCTIONS (QWI)
QWI NO: QCP:001 REV: 05
AMENDMENT SL NO: A1 DATE: 19.05.2009
DESCRIPTION: FABRICATION OF PRESSURE PARTS (OTHER THAN TUBULAR PRODUCTS)
Clause Amended as… Remarks /

No. Basis for
Amendment
3.5.4 All components shall be loaded in raised platforms to avoid flame impingement during heat For
treatment in gas furnaces. The components shall be adequately supported to minimize better
distortion. Ensure test plate loading if applicable. clarity
3.5.13
For interruptions during heat treatment, the following action has to be taken depending on the
stage of occurrence:
Type of Heat treatment Stage of interruption Action
Stress Relieving Heating Heat treat subsequently as specified

Soaking Heat treat subsequently for balance
soaking with minimum 15 minutes
Cooling If the ROC during interruption meets the
specified rate, cool subsequently at the
required rate. Otherwise, reheat to the
soaking temperature, hold for 15 minutes
and then cool at the specified rate
Tempering Heating Heat treat subsequently as specified
Soaking with minimum 15 minutes
Cooling Not applicable
Normalising & Heating Heat treat subsequently as specified
Solution annealing Soaking Heat treat subsequently for full soaking
3.5.14 If any thermocouple fails during furnace heat treatment, it shall be ensured that at least
two thermo couples (covering the entire equipment / batch) reasonably are functioning
within 4.5 metre distance. In case of local heat treatment, at least one thermocouple
monitoring the temperature of the weld zone shall be functioning. One stand by
thermocouple may be provided in the weld zone, which can be connected to the recorder
in case the already connected thermocouple fails. Otherwise, PWHT is to be
discontinued and restarted.
3.10.1 Unless otherwise specified, the tolerances for untoleranced dimensions shall be as per
Drawing No. TP:023:0299 (latest)
NOTE The above-mentioned changes will be incorporated in the QWI during the next revision of the document.
Prepared by: S. Selvarajan Approved by: U. Revisankaran
Signature & Dt: 19.05.2009 Signature & Dt: 19.05.2009

BHEL QCP:001/05 Page 2 of 16
RECORD OF REVISIONS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rev. Date Clause Details of revision
No. No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
00 01/04/93 This document consolidates all the general requirements
and technical disciplines covered in the various QCPs.
01 01/01/95 This document has been modified to delete the scope of

Tubular products. All amendments issued has been regularized
and editorial corrections made for better clarity. Scope of machining
also added in this document.
02 15/07/96 Totally revised and the clauses re-arranged.
03 13/11/97 3.2, 3.3.3.1. Modified based on feedback

3.3.9, 3.5.8,
3.6, 3.9.6 &
Annexure I
3.5.9 Deleted
04 01/04/03 3.1.5, 3.1.6, Modified

3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.4,
3.2.2.5, 3.2.6,
3.2.3.5, 3.2.4.3,
3.3.2.1, 3.3.3.1,
3.3.5.1, 3.3.9,
3.5.7.1, 3.4.2.2,
3.4.3.1, 3.5.5,
3.5.6, 3.5.8
3.5.10, 3.5.11, Modified and re-numbered as 3.5.9, 3.5.10, 3.5.11

3.5.12, 3.5.15 & 3.5.14 respectively
3.5.13, 3.5.14 Re-numbered as 3.5.12 & 3.5.13 respectively
3.2.4.3.1 Introduced from Amendment A1 dated 05/10/00

issued for Revision 03.
3.2.4.3.2 Introduced from Amendment A2 dated 21/07/01

3.3.3.2, Added
3.3.10
3.4.2.4 Introduced from Amendment A3 dated 15/11/01

Annexure I Modified
05 31/12/05 3.2.4.3 Soaking requirements modified for CS.

3.5.8, 3.5.9 PWHT temperature for P4 material altered.
3.5.13 Guidelines for interruptions during heat treatment
altered based on Amendment A1 dated 13/03/04.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This procedure details out various disciplines to be followed during fabrication of
pressure parts other than tubular products with respect to:
a. material identification and traceability

b. process controls
c. inspection and testing
d. calibration/verification of equipments and instruments
e. handling, storage, preservation and dispatch
1.2 The specific product quality requirements are detailed in relevant Std. Quality
Plan (SQP)/Inspn. & Test Procedure (SIP)
2.0 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION and TRACEABILITY
2.1.1 During incoming inspection, the raw materials, welding consumables and sub deliveries
are to be verified for correctness through test certificates (TC) as per relevant Technical
delivery condition (TDC) / Material Specification/Purchase specification. This is applicable
for Customer supplied materials also. Components received from subcontracting works
are to be verified for correctness through Inspn./Dimension report.
2.1.2 Issue of materials shall be as per the MIV/MRS/CRS and freedom from visual damages
like pitting, dents, laminations, scales, warpages etc. shall be ensured.
2.1.3 When in raw matls, defects are noticed, the same shall be confirmed by using appropriate
NDE techniques and corrected, in consultation with QC.
2.1.4 The requirements of material traceability (ATTEST/CERTIFY) is as indicated in the

respective drawings / material requisition slips (MRS) / Material issue vouchers (MIV).
2.1.5 ATTEST/PRODUCT ATTEST items, indicated as "A/P" in drawings, are traceable to the
test certificates (TC) and identified as below. These items are issued with Attestation
Form correlating the TCs and product through Work Order.
Product form Identification Method

Plates Specn., Melt No, Stamping
Plate No.
Pipes ? >= 80mm, Forgings, Specn., Melt No Stamping
Barstock
Pipes ? < 80mm & Specn., Melt No Stenciling / Engraving and
Tubes >= 31.8mm Colour code
Tubes < 31.8mm Specn., Melt No Lot wise on a tag
Colour code on individual
tube
For Colour codes refer SIP:PP:21 (Latest)
2.1.6 CERTIFIED items, indicated as "C" in drawings, are traceable to Specification / Grade
only and identified by stamping/ engraving/ stenciling/ color coding/ marking.
2.1.7 Raw materials not covered by the above shall be identified by its W.O.No/ material code/
specification/ grade by painting or stenciling or engraving. All sub deliveries shall be
identified by its material code by painting or through tags / name plates.
2.1.8 In case of marking, cutting or machining, the transfer of material identification shall be
certified by QC. In case of tubes, the color code shall be transferred.
2.1.9 For stock raw materials, which are upgraded for special contract requirements, QC shall
ensure that the respective TCs and laboratory reports satisfy specification/Contract,
TDC/CQP as applicable and identified with W.O.No.
2.1.10 Unidentified materials if found in processing shall be verified for specification and
H.T.condition through appropriate checks and shall be upgraded (wherever required) for
relevant application.
3.0 PROCESS CONTROL [Refer Annexure I for P number grouping of materials &
Annexure II for tolerance drawings].
3.1 FABRICATION
3.1.1 Ensure correctness of raw material identification and attestation to drawing

requirements, as required. Traceability to the contract shall be ensured by stamping or
marking / painting applicable WO No. and DU / Part no .
3.1.2 Whenever marking operation is carried during shell plate layout, openings on shells,
dished ends or pipes, hole locations on baffles/ girth flanges/ tube sheets,
attachments locations etc. the marking correctness shall be ensured as per relevant
drawing. The marking shall be identified with punch marks. Wherever required the
allowance for cutting/ machining shall be provided.
3.1.3 Before removal of any identification marks during cutting / machining they shall be
transferred on adjacent area and certified by QC. All marking inspection shall be
performed by QC prior to further operation. The material Specn./Grade/Melt
No./Attestation No., as applicable, are to be transferred on balance raw materials for
future use.
3.1.4 Reference line mark shall be ensured at a distance of about 100mm from the free
ends. For pipes meant for bending and attachment welding, center line marking shall be
done.
3.1.5 Cutting may be done by shearing, saw cutting or gas cutting. Stainless steel shall be
plasma cut or sheared. Where shearing is for thickness > 25 mm., the cut edges shall
be ground. Only saw cutting shall be used for X20 and P91 materials.
3.1.6 During gas cutting and thermal gouging, proper preheating shall be ensured. The
requirements of preheating for gas cutting / gouging is as follows.
Carbon steel up to and including 25 mm :: Nil

Carbon steel above 25 mm :: 100 deg.C.min.
Alloy steel (all t) & SA299 :: 150 deg.C.min.
Stainless steel, X20 & P91 :: Not applicable
3.1.7 The thermal cut edges shall be ground to be free from surface irregularities, scales
and burrs,chips etc. The ends prepared for welding shall conform to the relevant
drawing. Unless and other wise specified in SQP/CQP all bevels / edges, which are gas
cut and are to be welded to pressure parts, shall be ground to 1 to 2 mm for removal
of HAZ and checked by LPI/MPI.
3.2 FORMING
3.2.1 General.
3.2.1.1 Forming shall be done using proper toolings free from high spots and damages. The
process/tooling shall have been qualified by a first off trial and the records shall be
verified for compliance before production, as applicable.
3.2.1.2 The method of forming (Cold or Hot) shall be as specified in OPS/Traveler.
3.2.1.3 The prebend profile shall be ensured for correctness before forming shells to final radius.
3.2.1.4 The profile shall be checked using a template of forming radius and chord length at
least equal to 1/4 ID. Surface waviness shall be suitably sized. Variations of the profile
shall not be abrupt but shall merge gradually in the specified shape.
3.2.1.5 Surface depression in formed areas shall be merged gradually into the base
material surface to 1:4 taper. Minimum thickness after forming shall be verified &
ensured.
3.2.1.6 Carbon Steel Plates shall be normalized before cold forming if the plates are received
in "as rolled condition".
3.2.2 Cold Forming:
3.2.2.1 Fiber Elongation (FE)in % = 50t/R for single radius and 75t/R for multiple radius, Where
t = thickness, R = Mean radius
3.2.2.2 Cold Forming/Sizing can be done for Material Groups P1 to P5 without inter stage Heat
Treatment under the following conditions.
I. For thickness 50 mm and below, if outer fiber elongation does not exceed 5 %.
II. For thickness above 50 mm and up to 100 mm, if outer fiber elongation does not
exceed 3.5 %.
III. For thickness above 100 mm and up to 150 mm if outer fiber elongation does not
exceed 3 %.
IV. For thickness above 150 mm cold forming is not recommended.
3.2.2.3 When the above conditions are not met, forming in 2 stages is required. Initial forming
shall be done to a radius which satisfies above conditions. Then an inter stage
heat treatment is to be carried out as per Clause 3.5.8 before forming to finishing radius.
3.2.2.4 When cold rerolling of shells is to be done after welding, the following shall be ensured.
a. Flush grinding of weld reinforcement on both surfaces prior to rerolling.
b. Interstage Heat Treatment of Shells after welding and before rerolling is required as
below.
?? P1 upto P4 Group Matls. : if thickness exceeds 50 mm

?? P5 Group of materials : For all thickness
?? Inter stage heat treatment shall be as per Cl: 3.5.8 except that a soaking for
minimum period of 1/2 hour is sufficient for any thickness in case of Carbon steel
and 1 hour in case of Alloy steel.
c. LPI/MPI shall be done on weld seams after re-rolling.

3.2.2.5 During cold forming of stainless steel plates suitable nonmetallic pads shall be used
to avoid direct contact with ferritic materials. Cold forming of austenitic stainless steel
material (P8) can be done without further heat treatment if the outer fibre elongation does
not exceed 10%.
3.2.2.6 Heat treatment after cold forming of P8 steels shall be as per relevant SQP/CQP.
3.2.3 Hot Forming:
3.2.3.1 During hot forming the material shall be heated all round uniformly to the specified
temperature.
3.2.3.2 After hot forming and prior to cold sizing / weld fit up of material groups P3,P4,P5, a
tempering operation shall be carried out . The temperatures shall be as per Cl:3.5.8
unless otherwise stated.
3.2.3.3 Post form heat treatment can be combined with PWHT of the product/component as
per Clause 3.5.8 except for P5 Formed fittings, P5 Plate formed pipes.
3.2.3.4 After hot forming, Heat Treatment shall be carried when required as per relevant
SQP/CQP . The temperature shall be as per relevant SQP/CQP.
3.2.3.5 P8 materials when Hot Formed require Solution Annealing (SA) as detailed out in the
relevant SQP/CQP.
3.2.4 Heat Treatment Parameters:
3.2.4.1 The temperatures shall be as per relevant SQP/CQP.
3.2.4.2 Rate of Heating :

Hot working ¦ For t <= 100mm, 200 °C/hour max.
Normalizing ¦ For t > 100mm, 150 °C/hour max.
Sol. Annealing ¦
SR/Tempering ¦ As per Clause 3.5.8
3.2.4.3 Soaking during heating / Post forming heat treatment shall be as per below guide lines.
Hot working/Normalizing ¦ 1/2 hour per inch of "t" (15 minutes minimum)
SR/Tempering ¦ CS - 1 hour per inch of "t" for “t” upto 2 inches with an
additional 15 minutes for every inch above 2 inches
(15 minutes minimum).
AS - 1 hour per inch of "t"
(P3 & P4) - 30 minutes min.
(P5A) - 60 minutes min. except for P5A pipes of
OD <= 127mm and t <= 13mm, which require
only 30 minutes)
(P5B) - 120 minutes min.
Solution Annealing ¦ 1 hour per inch of "t" (15 minutes minimum)
where " t " is nominal thickness for plates, pipes and diameter for bar stock.
3.2.4.3.1 In case of mixed loads of materials not covered under

simulation HT, the maximum soaking time for Hot working/
Normalising of any item shall not exceed twice the minimum
calculated as above. For Tempering/SR, this shall be as per
Cl. 3.5.10.
3.2.4.3.2 In case of pipe bends / fittings, thickness “ T “ for determining soaking time shall be
calculated as
T = t * (2R - r) / (2R – 2r) where “ R “ is the radius of the bend and “ r “ is the
mean radius of the pipe.
3.2.4.4 Rate of Cooling
Normalizing,tempering : Air Cooling

Stress Relieving : As per Clause 3.5.8
Sol. Annealing : Air Blast / Water Cooling
3.2.5 The temperatures are only indicative. The actual temperature shall be as per material Mill
TC wherever Simulation Heat Treatment is a requirement.
3.2.6 All heat treatment shall be applied only after the component temperature falls below
200 deg. C (below 100 deg. C for P91). Temperature of the furnace during loading shall
be below 300 deg. C.
3.2.7 Any scales due to hot forming shall be removed by suitable blasting in case of ferritic steel
and pickling/passivation in case stainless steel.
3.3 WELDING
3.3.1 Fit-up of the weld joints including Tube to tube sheet joints shall be ensured as per
drawing. All run out pieces, bridge on pieces and temporary attachments shall be
identified and welded with necessary preheat and matching electrodes.
3.3.1.1 The material for temporary attachments shall be ferritic for ferritic materials and
stainless for stainless steel.
3.3.2 Tack welds used to secure alignment shall either be removed completely when they
have served their purpose or their stopping and starting ends ground or dressed by
other means suitably so that they may be incorporated into the final weld.
3.3.2.1 Tack welds shall be done to a sufficient length (25 mm minimum) and width using
qualified procedure and personnel . Tack welds found defective during visual
examination shall be removed.
3.3.3 For single side welding, the maximum misalignment for butt welds shall not exceed
1.6mm. However, where backing rings are used, the gap between backing ring and
surface shall not exceed 0.4mm
3.3.3.1 Tolerance for alignment (surface mismatch) of butt welds shall be as per table below
unless requirements are otherwise specified in respective Standard/Contract Quality
Plans.
Section Thickness Long seam Cir seam
Up to 13mm 1/4t 1/4t

Over 13mm to 19mm 3 mm 1/4t
Over 19mm to 38mm 3 mm 4.8 mm
Over 38mm to 51mm 3 mm 1/8t
Over 51 mm Lesser of 1/16t or 9mm Lesser of 1/8t or 19mm
3.3.3.2 If plate edges of unequal thickness are abutted and the surface offset exceeds the limits
mentioned above on either side, the thicker plate shall be thinned down to a smooth taper
of 1:4 minimum over the width of the weld.
3.3.4 Weld and adjacent base material surface approximately 15 mm on either side of weld
shall be thoroughly cleaned and ensured free from oil, grease, rust, scales etc. For tube to
tube sheet joints cleanliness of tube and tube sheet holes shall be ensured before fit up.
3.3.5 Preheat/Inter pass requirements for welding shall be as per the WPS and controls shall be
exercised as detailed below:
3.3.5.1 Preheating must be applied using gas burner or induction / resistance heating method
before starting each cycle of welding as specified in WPS. Preheat temperature,
subsequent extended preheat/inter pass temp. shall be maintained and verified
throughout welding using thermal chalks (temperature indicating crayons)/
thermocouples. The preheat shall be applied for a width of 75 mm or 1.5 times the base
metal thickness, whichever is more, around the point of welding (not less than 25 mm in
case of tack welding) in all directions.
3.3.6 Welding shall be performed with qualified procedures and qualified personnel. Welding
procedures are qualified to ASME Sec. IX and personnel to IBR/ASME Sec.IX, unless
specified otherwise.
3.3.7 Ensure correctness of welding consumables before use including baking and drying.
Where specified, the batch traceability shall be maintained through records.
3.3.8 Wherever post heating is specified in WPS, the preheat temperature shall continue after
welding till attaining the post heat temperature and maintained for the required time and
cooled slowly.
3.3.9 In Headers and Piping products, the distance between any two pipe butt joints shall be
greater than one diameter and shall not be less than 500 mm. For tubes, the minimum
distance between butt joints shall be 150 mm except for inserts which shall be as per
drawing.
3.3.10 In case of interruptions in welding, the minimum preheat temperature shall be maintained
until any required PWHT is performed on P3, P4, P5A, P5B and P6 materials except when
all of the following conditions are satisfied.
i. A minimum of at least 10 mm thickness of the weld is deposited or 25% of the weld

groove is filled, whichever is less.
ii. For P3, P4 and P5A materials, the weld is allowed to cool slowly to room
temperature.
iii. For P5B and P6 materials, the weld is subjected to an adequate intermediate
stress relieving.
iv. After cooling and before welding is resumed, visual examination of the weld shall
be performed to assure that no cracks have formed.
v. Required preheat shall be applied before welding is resumed.
3.4 WELD INSPECTION (Visual, NDE) AND REPAIRS
3.4.1 Visual Inspection
3.4.1.1 After completion of welding, visual inspection shall be done as per SIP:PP:02 (latest),
unless specified otherwise in the relevant SQP/CQP.
3.4.1.2 Where parts of different thickness are welded, the change in thickness shall be made
gradual, either by grinding or machining to a 1:4 taper.
3.4.1.3 Stray arcs shall be avoided. Arc spots, if any, shall be ground and checked by
LPI/MPI. Ensure thickness requirements in such cases.
3.4.2 Nondestructive Examination (NDE)
3.4.2.1 The extent and type of NDE are specified in the respective SQP/CQP.
3.4.2.2 NDE shall be performed using qualified procedures and personnel only. NDE techniques
are based on ASME Sec. V unless specified otherwise. The acceptance norms shall be
based on the relevant code of construction, built into the respective NDE procedures and
approved by the statutory authorities, as required.
3.4.2.3 The Welder No., radiography No. and reference axis marks shall be punched in case
of radiography joints of size above 108 mm. In case of other welds suitable records can
be maintained correlating the weld joint.
3.4.2.4 In drums and alloy steel headers, when tube holes are envisaged on weld seams
(longitudinal and circumferential), such welds shall be radiographed and stress relieved
prior to tube hole drilling.
3.4.3 Repairs
3.4.3.1 Defects noticed shall be removed by air arc gouging, drilling, machining or grinding with
suitable bevel for welding. When defects are air arc gouged preheat shall be applied as
required for gas cutting of material and the cavity shall be ground to remove black
spots. The area shall be free of any irregularities that might trap slag during welding.
Gouging is not permitted for P91 and X20 materials.
3.4.3.2 MPI/LPI shall be conducted on the cavity to ensure complete removal of defects, such as
cracks, ICP and lack of fusion. For other defects such as slag, pores etc., a thorough
visual inspection is necessary before repair welding.
3.4.3.3 All repair welding shall be using qualified WPS and qualified welders.
3.4.3.4 Defects in the completed test plates shall not be repaired. Defect free portion can be
used for testing.
3.4.3.5 The repair welds shall be subjected to the same NDE as per the original weld.
3.4.3.6 After all welding, NDE and successful weld repairs, the welds shall be visually
inspected for completeness and cleared for heat treatment wherever applicable.
3.5 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT)
3.5.1 The parts/assemblies shall be cleaned prior to PWHT.
3.5.2 PWHT shall be by furnace or local heat treatment.
3.5.3 The thermocouples and recording instruments shall be calibrated and records
maintained. The furnace shall have been qualified for temperature distribution.
3.5.4 All materials shall be loaded in raised platforms to avoid flame impingement during heat
treatment in gas furnace. Ensure test plate loading if applicable.
3.5.5 Thermocouples shall be attached to the component as per the following guidelines:
a. Thermocouples shall be placed such that the entire component (including the
anticipated hottest and coldest zones) is covered.
b. The maximum distance between any two thermocouples shall not exceed 4.5 metres.
c. The temperature variation between any 4.5 metre distance shall be 100 deg. C maximum
for temperature above 400 deg. C during heating.
3.5.6 Local heat treatment can be done either by Resistance heating or by Induction heating.
P91 and X20 components shall be locally heat treated using induction heating only.
3.5.6.1 When heat treating butt joints, width of the circumferential heating band on either side
of the weld must be at least 3 times the width of the widest part of the weld groove; but
not less than twice the thickness of the thicker part welded.
3.5.6.2 When heat treating nozzles and attachment welds, the width of the heating band on
either side of weld shall be 6 times the base material thickness beyond the welding to
be heat treated. The heating band shall extend axially around the entire vessel.
3.5.6.3 Width of the insulation band beyond the heating band shall be at least twice the total
width of the heating band.
3.5.6.4 A minimum of three thermocouples shall be placed such that at least one is on the
weldment / HAZ and the other two on the base material on either side of the weldment
within the heating band. Two Thermocouples are sufficient for Piping & Header items.
3.5.6.5 The winding arrangement shall be established to attain the required temperature. The
rate of heating shall be maintained minimum such that it stabilizes at the required
rate before reaching 400 deg C.
3.5.7 Unless otherwise specified in SQP/CQP, the following rules shall apply to establish
the governing thickness (T) for determining the soaking time for PWHT. Soaking time
is accounted as the time between the temperature crossing and leaving the minimum
recommended temperature.
3.5.7.1 For Butt welds, "T" shall be thickness of the weld. For bar stock "T" shall be the
diameter. For fillet welds, "T" shall be the throat thickness. If a fillet weld is used in
conjunction with a groove weld, "T" shall be the total of the depth of the groove plus
the fillet throat thickness.
3.5.7.2 For partial penetration branch welds, the thickness shall be the depth of the groove
prior to welding.
3.5.7.3 For repairs, the thickness shall be depth of the groove as prepared for repair welding.
3.5.7.4 For combination of different welds in a component, the higher governing thickness "T"
shall govern.
3.5.7.5 For IBR items having welded joint connecting parts of different thickness, the governing
thickness (T) for determining the soaking time for PWHT shall be the maximum
thickness of the part welded.
3.5.8 Guidelines for selecting soaking temperature for PWHT unless specified otherwise in
relevant WPS/SQP.
a)
MATERIAL TEMPERATURE deg. C

P1, P9 B 595-625
P3 620-660
P4 630-670 (Minimum 650 Deg. C for ASME jobs)
P5A 680-720
P5B 750-770
P8 PWHT Nil
b) Rate of heating / cooling for SR and rate of heating for tempering shall be as below
unless otherwise specified. Incase of SR, cooling shall be in furnace up to 400 deg. C
(350 deg. C for X20 and P91) and further in Air.
Thickness of Material Maximum Rate of Heating & Cooling above 400 deg. C
Up to 25mm 220°C/Hr
Over 25 - 50mm 110°C/Hr
Over 50 - 75mm 75°C/Hr
Over 75mm 55°C/Hr
c) Soaking shall be as per Clause 3.2.4.3
3.5.9 Unless otherwise specified, in case of mixed loads of materials not covered under
simulation HT, the following heat treatment temperatures shall be followed. In such
cases, guidelines for soaking can be taken from Clause 3.5.10.
i) Where a component has a butt joint between P1 & P4, or P3 & P4, the cycle shall
be 630 - 670 deg. C (Minimum 650 Deg. C for ASME jobs).
ii) Where a component has a butt joint between P4 & P5A, the cycle shall be 680 -
720 deg. C.
iii) Where a component has a butt joint between P1 & P3, the cycle shall be 620-660
deg. C.
iv) Where a component has a butt joint between P5A & P5B, the cycle shall be 730-
760 deg. C.
v) For P1+P5A material combination, follow the WPS requirements.
The following jobs shall not be combined in the same cycle during PWHT.
i) Separate jobs of P1 and P4

ii) Separate jobs of P4 and P5
iii) Separate jobs of P5A and P5B
3.5.10 For PWHT of materials not covered under simulation heat treatment, in case of
combination cycles mentioned above, calculate the minimum soaking time for individual
components as 2.5 minutes/mm of the thickness of weld/material whichever is
applicable. Soaking time selected for the cycle shall not exceed the limits given below:
Material Thickness (mm) Max. soaking time (minutes)

P1 (A,B,C), P4, P5A, Up to 25 mm 125
P1 (A,B) + P4, 26 - 50 mm 200
P4 + P5A 51 - 80 mm 250
81 - 150mm 375
P1C + P4, P1 + P3 Up to 25 mm 65
26 - 50 mm 125
3.5.11 After PWHT, the charts shall be correlated with the job and cleared by QC. The charts
shall contain the cycle No., date, recorder number, and WO & material details. The cycle
temperature, ROH,ROC & soaking time shall be calculated from the chart and entered in
the chart signed off by QC and statutory authorities as required.
3.5.12 Wherever specified, the test plate shall be tested and reports obtained to complete
the clearance of heat treatment operation.
3.5.13 For interruptions during heat treatment, the following action has to be taken depending on
the stage of occurrence:
Type of Heat treatment Stage of interruption Action
Stress Relieving Heating Heat treat subsequently as specified

soaking
Cooling If the ROC during interruption meets the
specified rate, cool subsequently at the
required rate. Otherwise, reheat to the
soaking temperature, hold for 15 minutes
and then cool at the specified rate
Tempering Heating Heat treat subsequently as specified
soaking
Normalising & Heating Heat treat subsequently as specified
Solution annealing Soaking Heat treat subsequently for full soaking
3.5.14 If any thermocouple fails during furnace heat treatment, it shall be ensured that at least two
thermo couples (covering the entire equipment / batch) reasonably are functioning. In
case of local heat treatment, at least one thermocouple monitoring the temperature of the
weld zone shall be functioning. One stand by thermocouple may be provided in the weld
zone, which can be connected to the recorder in case the already connected thermocouple
fails. Otherwise, PWHT is to be discontinued and restarted.
3.6 HOT CORRECTION AFTER PWHT
3.6.1 When hot correction for bow, distortion, alignment etc. is required, flame heating may be
adopted, limiting the maximum temperature as below.
P1 (CS) :950 deg.C.(if weld joints are not getting heated)

:650 deg C (if weld joints are getting heated)
P3/P4 :720 deg.C.
P5A/12X1MF:760 deg.C.
P5B (T91) :760 deg.C (followed by Tempering).
For C.S & T91, the temperatures shall not exceed the above values. For others, if the
temperature exceeds the above limits, the items shall be subsequently stress relieved.
The metal temperature shall be checked using thermal chalks or other suitable means.
Flame heating shall be avoided on headers, but correction can be done by mechanical
means/induction heating limited to the temperatures specified above.
3.6.2 If the points of contact during mechanical correction are exactly on the butt joints, such butt
joints shall be tested by RT/UT after correction.
3.7 TUBE EXPANSION
3.7.1 Before expansion of Tube to tube sheet joints, ensure thorough cleanliness of the tube
ends for a distance equal to tube sheet thickness plus 30 mm.
3.7.2 Suitable lubricants shall be used for expansion. The expansion toolings like mandrel,
rollers etc. shall be examined periodically to be free from damage.
3.7.3 Expansion shall be done using the qualified torque for the required length.
3.7.4 QC/Shop shall ensure correctness of expansion in each shift periodically. In the case
of expansion to full thickness of Tube sheet it shall be ensured that the expansion
shall terminate 3 mm from the back face of the Tube sheet.
3.7.5 The expanded area and the tube sheet face shall be cleaned thoroughly.
3.8 AIR LEAK TEST, HYDROSTATIC TEST
3.8.1 The surface shall be thoroughly cleaned before pressurizing.
3.8.2 Wherever air leak test is called for, the test medium shall be air or Nitrogen. The test
pressure shall be raised gradually . Test parameters shall be as per SQP/Drawing.
3.8.3 Wherever hydrostatic test is specified, the same shall be performed in accordance with
SIP:PP:04 (latest) or relevant SQP/Drawing.
3.9 MACHINING
3.9.1 The work center for finish machining shall be identified on the OPS based on the process
capability of the machine or Machine accuracy established to suit the tolerances. All
cutting tools shall have been ensured for correctness before use.
3.9.2 Software used in case of CNC/NC machines shall have been validated through trials or
inspection of similar components produced and accepted.
3.9.3 Ensure verticality and parallelity of the jobs on the machine by using the reference
markings or dialing the surfaces after clamping the job and periodically during machining.
3.9.4 After machining the surfaces shall be suitably deburred and cleaned. After removing
from the machine it shall be properly stored.
3.9.5 During drilling or tapping, the removal of chips shall be done periodically to prevent
clogging of chips inside the hole. For deep drilling ensure that run out, drill travel are
verified in free condition and ensure proper clamping of the tools.
3.9.6 Ensure proper reaming allowances for finish operations.
3.9.7 During boring operations, control on feed for finish cut shall be ensured to achieve
required size and finish.
3.10 UNTOLERANCED DIMENSIONS
3.10.1 Unless otherwise specified ,the following tolerances can be used for untoleranced
dimensions.
Linear Upto 50 51 to 500 501 to 2000 Above 2000

Machining +/- 0.2 +/- 0.5 +/- 1.0 +/- 2.0
Fabrication +/- 1.0 +/- 2.0 +/- 4.0 +/- 6.0
Angular Assembly : +/- 0.5 deg. Others : +/- 1 deg.
3.11 SURFACE CLEANING & PAINTING
3.11.1 Unless otherwise specified, all completed parts/assemblies shall be cleaned thoroughly
using wire brush or power tools to remove scales, dirts and any other foreign material
before painting.
3.11.2 Where blast cleaning is mentioned before application of special paint, sand or shot blasting
shall be done at area with moisture protected environment. Blasting shall be done with
suitable nozzle with constant velocity and pressure. Compressed air used for blasting
shall be free from moisture. The finished blasted surface shall have metal finish without
any black spots and other foreign matters.
3.11.3 Painting shall be applied within shortest period after blasting is completed.
3.11.4 Any marking about dispatch details shall be as per relevant drawing/SQP. This shall be
painted in bold white paint stenciled letters on the part/assembly.
4.0 CALIBRATION/VERIFICATION OF EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS
4.1 Ensure the following.
-Usage of calibrated measuring instruments, and test gauges.

-Usage of validated test hardware like jigs, fixtures and copying templates etc.
-Checking of shop made templates before use.
-Validation of software and programs used on NC machines.
5.0 HANDLING, STORAGE, PRESERVATION & DISPATCH
5.1 All materials shall be handled with properly maintained equipment, tools and tackles to
ensure handling damages. This is applicable at stores , various shops and shipping .
5.2 Ensure capacity of the handling equipment based on the part to be handled.
5.3 Materials/components shall be stored at identified location properly for easy retrieval.
5.4 The stored components/ materials shall be preserved/protected to prevent damages/

rusting/ warpages.
5.5 Storing and preservation of Welding consumables till issue shall be ensured as per
recommendation of WTC. The issue of welding consumables shall be authorized by WTC.
At manufacturing shops the welding consumable are ensured for adequate baking
and drying before use . The issue of welding consumables shall be authorized by shop.
5.6 Components/Products shall be packed in such a manner to avoid damage/transit loss.

All packages shall be identified with packing slips duly certified.
5.7 The assembly shall be securely anchored for dispatch to prevent any damage during
transit. Protrusions from main components shall be suitably protected. All openings shall
be suitably blanked.
@@@@@@@
Annexure_I
ASME MATERIALS & P - NUMBER GROUPING
P-No. PLATES PIPES TUBES FORGINGS /

FITTINGS
P1/Gr 1 SA 515 Gr 60 SA 106 GrA,B SA 178 Gr A,C SA 350 LF1
(Carbon Steel) SA 516 Gr 60 SA 333 Gr 1,6 SA 179 SA 266 Cl1
SA 283 Gr A-D SA 192
SA 285 Gr C SA 210 Gr A1
SA 334 Gr 1,6
P1/Gr 2 SA 515 Gr 70 SA 106 Gr C SA 178 Gr D SA 105
(Carbon Steel) SA 516 Gr 70 SA 210 Gr C SA 266 Cl2, Cl3
SA 299 SA 350 LF2
SA 537 Cl 1
P3/Gr 1 SA 204 Gr A SA 335 P1,P2 SA 209 T1,T1A
(L A S) SA 387 Gr2/Cl1 SA 213 T2
P3/Gr 2 SA 204 Gr B,C SA 182 F1,F2
(L A S)
P4/Gr 1 SA 387 Gr11 Cl 1 SA 335 P11 SA 213 T11 SA 182 F11 Cl 1,2,3
(L A S) & Cl 2 SA 335 P12 SA 213 T12 SA 182 F12 Cl 1,2
SA 387 Gr12 Cl 1 SA 199 T11 SA 234 WP11 Cl 1
& Cl 2 SA 234 WP12 Cl 1
SA 336 F11 Cl 1,2,3
SA 336 F12 Cl 1,2
P5A/Gr 1 SA 387 Gr22 Cl 1 SA 335 P22 SA 213 T22 SA 182 F22 Cl 1,3
(L A S) & Cl 2 SA 199 T22 SA 234 WP22 Cl 1
P5B/Gr 1 SA387 Gr5/Cl1 SA 335 P5 SA 199 T5 SA 182 F5, F9
(A S) SA387 Gr9/Cl2 SA 335 P9 SA 199 T9 SA 234 WP5, WP9
SA 336 F5, F9
P5B/Gr 2 SA 387 Gr 91 SA 335 P91 SA 213 T91 SA 182 F91
(A S) SA 234 WP91
SA 336 F91
P6/Gr 1 SA 240 TP 410 SA 268 TP 410 SA 182 F6aCl1
(SS 410)
P6/Gr 2 SA 240 TP 429 SA 268 TP 429
(SS 429)
P6/Gr 3 SA 182 F6aCl2
(SS) SA 336 F6
P7/Gr 1 SA 240 TP 410S, SA 268 TP 405,
( SS 410S ) TP 405, TP 409 TP 409
P7/Gr 2 SA 268 TP 430
P8/Gr 1 SA 240 TP 304, 304L, SA 312 TP 304, SA 213 TP 304H, SA 182 F304H
(S S) 304H, 316, 316L, 304L, 316, 316L, 316, 316H, 321H, SA 182 F347H
321, 347, 347L, 347H 321, 347 347H, 316 Ti
P9B/Gr1 SA 203 Gr D,E,F SA 333 Gr 3 SA 334 Gr 3 SA 350 LF3
( L A S)
For Clad plates & Non ASME Materials, refer to the respective Standard / Contract QPs.
ANNEXURE - II
TOLERANCE DRAWINGS
Sl.No. Drawing No. Description Product
01 0-03-000-00001 Allowable Drum Tolerance Drum
02 1-03-000-00011 Socket seat weld plain ends Headers
03 1-03-000-00014 Socket seat weld tapered ends Headers
04 1-03-000-00034 Header Tolerance Headers
05 2-03-000-00001 Socket seat weld plain ends Headers

for schedule pipes
06 2-03-000-00028 Fabrication Tolerance for HRSG Header

Feeder headers and down comers & Down comers
(Waste heat boilers)
07 2-03-000-00029 Fabrication tolerance for HRSG

Module box assembly
(for Waste heat boiler)
08 2-03-000-00030 Fabrication tolerance for HRSG

Shop assembled piping
09 2-03-000-00031 Fabrication tolerance for HRSG modules

Module (Waste heat boiler)
10 3-PV-000-00075 Vessel Tolerance Pressure Vessels
11 TEMA Tube sheet Hole Diameter Heat Exchangers

Table RCB 7.41 Tolerance
12 TEMA Tube sheet Holes Ligament Heat Exchangers

Table RCB 7.42 and Drill drift
13 TEMA Fig.F1 External dimensions, Nozzle Heat Exchangers

and Support locations
14 TEMA Fig.F2 Recommended Fabrication Heat Exchangers

Tolerances
15 TEMA Fig.F3 Tube sheets, Partitions, Heat Exchangers

Covers & Flanges - Machining
Tolerances
Note: Revision status of these drawings/standards shall be ensured before use.
@@@@@@@
Product: QUALITY ASSURANCE VISUAL INSPECTION OF PRESSURE PARTS EXCEPT TUBULAR
PRODUCTS ()

------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
00 This procedure has been made from

the document PR:QE:017/03 with total
modification.
1.0 SCOPE
This procedure is applicable for visual inspection and
blending of base metal surfaces at welds on drums,
headers, piping and fittings.
This is also applicable for repair of deficient surface
areas on the base materials as well as on welds.
2.0 MATERIALS
All materials of P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 as per ASME
Section IX and Steel 20 & 12X1MO of GOST specification
will be covered by this procedure.
3.0 SURFACE EXAMINATION BEFORE POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT
Prior to post weld heat treatment, the base metal
surfaces and surfaces at welds in drums, headers,
nozzles, nipples, pipes and fittings shall be visually
examined for surface quality.
The following criteria shall be met:
Base metal surfaces
Minor local surface imperfections noted by visual
examination may be accepted without grinding or weld
repair, provided they are less than 4 mm in depth (2 mm
for fittings). However, the sides shall not be closer
than 2 mm.
In case they don't comply, the depression should be
ground so that the contours comply with the
requirements of 1:4 taper with the adjoining surfaces.
The surface imperfections shall in all cases be free of
tears or cracks. The thickness at the depression shall
not encroach on the minimum design thickness.
Surface at welds
Undercuts shall not exceed 0.8 mm in depth as measured
from the adjacent unaffected surfaces. Areas on pipes or
tubes of diameter 108 mm or less which are used as
nipples shall not contain undercuts that exceed the
lesser of 0.8 mm or 10% of the wall thickness.
Reinforcement requirements
The maximum permitted reinforcement on the butt welds
shall be as follows:
Nominal thickness in mm Maximum reinforcement in mm
circum. jt.| other welds
in pipes & |
tubes |
Upto 3.2 2.4 2.4
over 3.2 to 4.8 incl. 3.2 2.4
over 4.8 to 12.7 incl. 4.0 2.4
over 12.7 to 25.4 incl. 4.8 2.4
over 25.4 to 50.8 incl. 6.35 3.2
over 50.8 to 76.2 incl. * 4.0
over 76.2 to 101.6 incl. * 5.5
over 101.6 to 127 incl. * 6.35
over 127 * 8.0
* The greater of 6.35 or 1/8 times the weld width.
--------------------------------------------------------
4.0 SURFACE EXAMINATION AFTER POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT
When the surface becomes marred after the final postweld
heat treatment, the affected area shall be reconditioned
by grinding and blending to remove all tears and upset
metal. The contour of the ground and blended depression
shall be flared to have a 1:4 taper and to have a
minimum bottom radius of three times the depth.
Such reconditioned areas may be left without weld
repair when they meet the following dimensional limits:
If the depression does not encroach on the required
minimum wall thickness at that region, the length and
width is limited by the requirements on slope of the
flared out area.
If the depression encroaches on minimum wall by not more
than the lesser of 10% of the required minimum wall or
6.4 mm [lesser of 5% or 3.2 mm for fittings] and the
width and the length of the depression do not exceed 50
mm. No two reconditioned areas of this type shall be
closer than 150 mm edge to edge.
When the marred area cannot be reconditioned within the
dimensional requirements given above, the area shall be
repaired by welding in accordance with the
following.
5.0 REPAIR TO WELDS
Parts not meeting the requirements shall be weld
repaired and non-destructively tested as per the origi-
nal requirement. It is the intent that necessary weld
repairs be accomplished prior to heat treatment. It is
mandatory however to meet the requirements listed in the
Cl. 6.0.
When unacceptable indications are detected in weld
joints by visual or by Non destructive examination, the
unacceptable indication shall be removed by mechanical
means or by thermal grooving. When thermal grooving is
used, the excavated area shall be ground as necessary to
assure removal of surface carbides. The excavated areas
shall be free of any irregularities that might trap
slag. These areas shall be magnetic particle examined to
assure complete removal of the defect in case of crack,
lack of fusion or ICP and visually inspected in case of
other defects, and shall then be rewelded.
6.0 REPAIR TO BASE MATERIALS
The welding electrodes, preheat and postweld heat
treatment requirements to base materials shall be in
accordance with the relevant WPS.
The holding time when postweld heat treatment is
required shall be based on the depth of the groove
after preparation for welding.
Weld repairs may be made to "nipple to header/pipe" or
"nipple to drum" weld joints after post weld heat
treatment without subsequent postweld heat treatment
[except for P5 Group 2 & 12X1MO materials], provided the
following conditions are met:
The depth of any rework area ground out shall not exceed
the smaller of 10% of the thickness of the drum/pipe/
header or 50% of the wall thickness of the tube. The
rework shall be limited to P1 (Except SA 106 Gr. C, SA
299 & SA 515 Gr. 70) and P4 materials only if it is on
the drum/header/pipe surface adjacent to the fillet.
The nipples shall not exceed 108 mm in OD except for
P1 material which shall not exceed 150 mm.
The number of rework welds allowed on the base header
material shall not exceed the lesser of 10% of the
nipples on the header or eight (8) rework welds on any
P1 or P4 header. Rework of this type shall be kept to an
absolute minimum by careful examination prior to post-
weld heat treatment.
The number of rework welds on the nipple side for any
single header is not limited.
P4 material need not be postweld heat treated provided
all of the following apply:
1) The outside diameter is 108 mm or less.
2) The wall thickness is 16 mm or less.
3) The specified carbon content is 0.15% or less.
4) A preheat of 125 deg. C or higher is applied.
P5 material need not be postweld heat treated provided
all of the following apply:
1) The outside diameter is 108 mm or less.
2) The wall thickness is 16 mm or less.
3) The specified carbon content is 0.15% or less.
4) A preheat of 150 deg. C or higher is applied.
5) Chromium content does not exceed 3.0%.
Preheat shall be maintained at 150 deg. C minimum from
the time welding is started until the component is given
an extended preheat or an Interstage heat
treatment. This requirement applies to all P5 materials
not exempted by Cl. 6.5 and to SA 106 Gr. C materials
used to fabricate headers.
Extended preheat - Raise preheat in entire weld zone to
300 + 15 deg. C, hold for 4 hours minimum and then cool
to ambient.
Interstage - Heat in furnace to 600 deg. C minimum, but
not to exceed 750 deg. C for half an hour minimum
soaking, and then air or furnace cool to ambient.
Apply a final postweld heat treatment to P5 & SA 106 Gr.
C materials prior to shipment.
Girth Butt welds or repairs to girth butt welds in P1
material (except SA 106 Gr. C), 19 mm or under in thick-
ness need not be post weld heat treated.
7.0 ATTACHMENTS TO PRESSURE PARTS
The welding electrodes, preheat and postweld heat
treatment requirements shall be in accordance with the
relevant WPS.
Wherever required, extended preheat shall be maintained
as per Cl. 6.6.
Post weld heat treatment is not required, if the fillet
weld throat thickness does not exceed 13 mm. For
attachments to P4 and P5 materials, this requirement can
only be applied after all the requirements of clauses
6.4 & 6.5 are met.
Post weld heat treatment is not required after welding
attachments to P1 pressure parts, in situations where
welding after PWHT is unavoidable, provided all of the
following apply:
1) Maximum specified carbon content of the pressure part
does not exceed 0.3%.
2) A minimum preheat of 125 deg. C is applied prior to the
start of welding and is maintained throughout welding.
3) Fillet weld throat thickness does not exceed 13 mm.
4) Pressure part thickness does not exceed 100 mm.
5) An extended preheat of 300 + 15 deg. C is maintained for
4 hours after welding in the case of SA 106 Gr. C
material.
8.0
DOCUMENTATION
8.1
The details of weld repair carried out, if any, shall be
recorded.

Product: QUALITY ASSURANCE WELDING OF LIFTING LUGS TO BOILER DRUMS (BOILER
DRUMS)

------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
00 This procedure has been made from

the document PR:QE:170/00.
2.3 & 5.2 Deleted.
4.3, 5.1 & 6.1 Modified.
5.3 to 5.10 Renumbered as 5.2 to 5.9.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.0 SCOPE
This details out the procedure for welding of lifting
lugs to boiler drums by shielded metal arc welding.
2.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Engineering Drawings
WPS issued by WTC
3.0 MATERIALS INVOLVED
SA 515 Gr. 70 & SA 299
4.0 PREPARATION PRIOR TO WELDING
Welding of lifting lugs shall be done before final post
weld heat treatment of the drum.
The lug area on the drum surface shall be checked by
straight beam ultrasonic examination for laminations.
The area to be examined shall extend 50 mm beyond the
finished weld for a depth of 50 mm from the surface. Any
defects found exceeding any of the following shall be
repaired.
50% loss of back reflection that extends for more than
25 mm.
Complete loss of back reflection.
Any defects that exceed 600 square cm in any 2400 square
cm area.
The area to be welded shall be chipped, ground or air
arc gouged to a depth of 12 mm in the area of the lug
and 6 mm wider than the lug on each side and at both
ends. Proper preheating shall be carried for air arc
gouging, in case gouging is used for excavating the
area. The gouged area shall be ground to sound metal and
all carbon deposits shall be removed. The ground area
shall be tested by MPI and any defect found shall be
repaired before welding is started (Refer Figure 3).
5.0 FIT-UP AND WELDING
All welding shall be carried out according to the WPS.
The excavated areas shall be first welded and filled up
approximately 1.5 to 3 mm above the surface (Refer
Figure 4). MPI and UT shall be conducted on the weld
after flush grinding.
After welding the excavated areas, the drum may be
allowed to cool before fitting the lugs.
The lugs shall be fitted in position and braced to
prevent an angular distortion of more than 6 mm as the
final alignment tolerance.
After fitting and bracing the lugs, the area to be
welded shall be preheated as per WPS.
Type "A" lugs shall be turned down on the sides for
better welding access (Refer Figure 1).
Type "B" lugs shall be welded wih the lugs turned
straight upon the drum (Refer Figure 2).
After welding from one side, backgouging shall be done
from the other side with necessary preheat. The gouged
area shall be ground and tested by MPI. Then, welding
shall be completed.
After completion of welding, the weld shall be dressed
up and tested by MPI and UT.
6.0 HEAT TREATMENT
The completed drum shall be stress relieved as per the
SQP requirements.
7.0 NDE AFTER HEAT TREATMENT
After HT, the weld shall be tested by MPI and UT.
8.0 DOCUMENTATION
The details of work carried out shall be documented.


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BHEL, Tiruchirappalli – 620014.

Quality Assurance Technical Delivery Conditions

Product: DRUM (UNDRILLED) FOR BOILERS

1.1 This Technical Delivery Condition covers the require-

2.0 CODE OF CONSTRUCTION

2.1 The boiler drum shall comply with the requirements of

3.1 The completed boiler drum shall meet the requirements

3.2 Edge preparation of plate shall be subjected to MPI to

3.3 All dimensions shall be checked according to approved

3.4 A test plate of sufficient length cut from the parent

3.5 The temperature of the furnace shall not exceed 300 oC

4.0 MATERIAL FOR BOILER DRUM

4.2 The identification marks shall be located at one end of

Product: DRUM (UNDRILLED) FOR BOILERS

4.2.1 The identification stamping shall contain work order

5.0 FORMING OF DRUM SHELLS

5.1 The drum shells may be made either by hot forming or by

5.2.1 For cold forming, only Normalised plates shall be used.

5.2.1.1 Plates can be cold formed to a maximum outer fibre

where, T=Thickness &

5.2.2 If the % elongation exceeds the above value, an inter

5.3 HOT FORMING

5.3.1 If hot forming is carried out in the temperature range

5.3.2 The shells shall be subjected to inter stage stress

Product: DRUM (UNDRILLED) FOR BOILERS

5.3.2.1 Closing temperature of hot forming falls below 621 oC.

5.3.3 The shells shall be descaled after hot forming.

6.0 DISHED END FABRICATION

6.1 Dished ends shall be made by hot forming as given in

6.2 The dished ends are to be descaled after completing hot

6.4 Sharp corners at the manhole opening should be ground

7.1 Welding procedures shall be qualified to meet the

7.2 Welding consumables shall be properly identified and

7.3 The welding procedures shall ensure full penetration of

7.4 Satisfactory welding techniques as per approved welding

Product: DRUM (UNDRILLED) FOR BOILERS

7.5 Surface off-set before starting the weld for longitudi-

7.6 Welders identification for all joints is to be

7.8 If temporary attachments are used for aligning purposes

7.9 After welding, the seams shall be ground to smooth

8.0 TOLERANCE ON SHELL

8.2 The internal diameter of the drum measured at any cross

8.3 Any departure of profile measured on the outside of the

Nominal internal Percentage of nominal

Up to and including 36 inches 0.375

9.0 NON DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION

Product: DRUM (UNDRILLED) FOR BOILERS

9.1 BEFORE HEAT TREATMENT

9.1.3 The test plates shall be tested 100% by MPI, RT and UT

9.2 AFTER HEAT TREATMENT

9.2.1 All the joints including test plates shall be examined

9.2.2 Similarly, all temporary attachments and stray arc

10.0 HEAT TREATMENT

11.0 MECHANICAL TESTING

11.1 Mechanical testing on test plate for longitudinal and

Product: DRUM (UNDRILLED) FOR BOILERS

12.0 PACKING AND DESPATCH

12.1 The completed boiler drum shall be descaled both

13.0 INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION

13.1 The stages of inspection shall be as per Appendix J of

13.2 All the relevant test certificates (Manufacturer's

13.3 All heating cycle and heat treatment cycles are to be

13.5 The records of Non-destructive examination, welders,