Nouns

Masculine Nouns
Absolute
State
‫ֶמ ֶלְך‬ ‫ַמ ְל ִכין‬
Construct
State
‫ֶמ ֶלְך‬ ‫ַמ ְל ֵכי‬
With Def.
Article
‫ַמ ְל ָכּא‬ ‫ַמ ְל ַכיָּ א‬

Feminine Nouns
Absolute
State
‫ֵהיוָ ה‬ ‫ֵחיוָ ן‬
Construct
State
‫ֵחיוַ ת‬ ‫ֵחיוָ ת‬
With Def.
Article
‫ֵחיוְ ָתא‬ ‫ֵחיוָ ָתא‬

Basic Nouns in Absolute State (Simplified Chart)

‫ֶמ ֶלְך‬ ‫ַמ ְל ִכין‬
‫ֵחיוה‬ ‫ֵחיוָ ן‬

Adjectives
NB: Adjectives in Aramaic will follow the same number, gender and state of
determination of the noun that they modify (except if the adjective is predicative, in
which case it doesn’t have to agree with determination).

Uses of ‫ל‬
NB: Same as Hebrew; however, it can also be used to indicate the direct object of a verb.
It can also be used to express an ethical dative, which gives a translation value of “for my
benefit.”

Direct Object and ‫י ָת‬

NB: In addition to the lamed, the D.O. marker in Aramaic is ‫י ָת‬.

Biblical Aramaic Paradigms and Grammar by Adam Couturier is licensed under a Creative Commons
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Based on a work at www.mishlei-adam.com.
 Independent Pronouns
1 CS ‫אְ ַנָה‬ 1CP ‫אְ ַנַ ְחנָא‬
2 MS ‫אַנְתָּ ה‬
2 FS
2MP ‫אַנְתּוּן‬
ְ‫אַנְתּ‬
3 MS ‫הוּא‬ 3MP ‫הּמּוֹ הִמּוֹן אנּוּן‬
3 FS ‫הִיא‬ 3FP ‫ִאנִּין‬

Pronominal Suffixes on
Masculine Singular Nouns

‫יוֹמי‬
ִ ‫יוֹמנָ א‬
ַ

‫יוֹמְך‬
ָ ‫יוֹמכוֹן‬

‫יוֹמהּ‬
ֵ ‫יוֹמהוֹן‬
ְ
‫יוֹמהּ‬
ַ ‫יוֹמ ֵהן‬
ְ

Pronominal Suffixes on
Feminine Singular Nouns
‫ֵחיוְ ִתי‬ ‫ֵחיוְ ַתנָ א‬

‫ֵחיוְ ָתְך‬ ‫ֵחיוַ ְתכוֹן‬

‫ֵחיוְ ֵתהּ‬ ‫ֵחיוַ ְתהוֹן‬

‫יות ְהּ‬
ַ ‫ֵה‬ ‫ֵחיוַ ְת ֵהן‬

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 Pronominal Suffixes on
Masculine Plural Nouns
‫יוֹמיְ נָ א‬
ַ [Written]
‫יוֹמי‬
ַ
‫יוֹמנָ א‬
ַ [Say]
‫יוֹמיִ ְך‬
ַ [Written]
‫יוֹמיכוֹן‬
ֵ
‫[ יוֹ ָמְך‬Say]
‫וֹהי‬
ִ ‫יוֹמ‬
‫יוֹמיהוֹן‬
ֵ
‫יוֹמיַ הּ‬
ַ [Written]
‫יהן‬
ֵ ‫יוֹמ‬
ֵ
‫יוֹמהּ‬
ַ [Say]

Pronominal Suffixes on
Feminine Plural Nouns
‫ֵחיוָ ִתי‬ ‫ֶחיוָ ַתנָ א‬
‫ֵחיוָ ָתְך‬ ‫ֵחיוָ ְתכוֹן‬
‫ֵחיוָ ֵתהּ‬ ‫ֵחיוָ ְתהוֹן‬
‫ֵחיוָ ַת ּח‬ ‫ֵחיוָ ְת ֵהן‬

Demonstrative Pronouns

‫ְדּנָ ה‬ This ‫ֵא ֶלּה‬

(‫ ֵאל)ה‬These
‫ָדּא‬ This ‫ִא ֵלּין‬

Biblical Aramaic Paradigms and Grammar by Adam Couturier is licensed under a Creative Commons
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 Peal Active
1CS ‫ִכּ ְת ֵבת‬ 1CP ‫ְכּ ַת ְבנָ א‬
2MS ‫ְכּ ַת ְב ְתּ‬ 2MP ‫ְכּ ַת ְבתּוּן‬
3MS ‫ְכּ ַתב‬ 3MP ‫ְכּ ַתבוּ‬
3FS ‫ִכּ ְת ַבת‬ 3FP ‫ְכּ ַת ָבה‬

Peal Stative
1CS ‫ִק ְר ֵבת‬ 1CP ‫ְק ֵר ְבנָ א‬
2MS ‫ְק ֵר ְב ְתּ‬ 2MP ‫ְק ִר ְבתּוּן‬
3MS ‫ְק ֵרב‬ 3MP ‫ְק ִרבוּ‬
3FS ‫ִק ְר ַבת‬ 3FP ‫ְק ִר ָבה‬

The Peal Imperative (diagnostic key: ( ֻ◌ )under the 2nd root letter)
Masc.
Sing.
‫ְכּ ֻתב‬ Masc.
Fem. Pl. ‫ְכּ ֻתבוּ‬
Sing.
‫ְכּ ֻת ִבי‬

Peal Active Participles

Masc. Masc.
Sing.
(‫ָכּ ֵתב ) ָכּ ִתב‬ Pl.
‫כּת ִבין‬
ְ
Fem. Fem.
Sing
‫ָכּ ְת ָבה‬ Pl.
‫ָכּ ְת ָבן‬

Peal Passive Participles

Masc. Masc.
Sing.
‫ְכּ ִתיב‬ Pl.
‫ְכּ ִתי ִבין‬
Fem. Fem.
Sing
‫ְכּ ִתי ָבה‬ Pl.
‫ְכּ ִתי ָבן‬

Biblical Aramaic Paradigms and Grammar by Adam Couturier is licensed under a Creative Commons
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Based on a work at www.mishlei-adam.com.
 Peal Imperfect (active)
1CS ‫ֶא ְכ ֻתּב‬ 1CP ‫נִ ְכ ֻתּב‬
2MS ‫ִתּ ְכ ֻתּב‬ 2MP ‫ִתּ ְכ ְתּבוּן‬
3MS ‫ִי ְכ ֻתּב‬ 3MP ‫יִ ְכ ְתבוּן‬
3FS ‫ִתּ ְכ ֻתּב‬ 3FP ‫ִתּ ְכ ְתּ ָבן‬

Peal Imperfect (stative)

1CS ‫ֶא ְק ַרב‬ 1CP ‫נִ ְק ַרב‬
2MS ‫ִתּ ְק ַרב‬ 2MP ‫ִתּ ְק ְרבוּן‬
3MS ‫ִי ְק ַרב‬ 3MP ‫יִ ְק ְרבוּן‬
3FS ‫ִתּ ְק ַרב‬ 3FP ‫ִי ְק ְר ָבן‬

Biblical Aramaic Paradigms and Grammar by Adam Couturier is licensed under a Creative Commons
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Based on a work at www.mishlei-adam.com.
 Pael Perfect
1CS ‫ַכּ ְתּ ֵבת‬ 1CP ‫ַכּ ִתּ ְבנָ א‬
2MS ‫ַכּ ֵתּ ְב ְתּ‬ 2MP ‫ַכּ ִתּ ְבתוּן‬
3MS ‫ַכּ ֵתּב‬ 3MP ‫ַכּ ִתּבוּ‬
3FS ‫ַכּ ְתּ ַבת‬ 3FP ‫ַכּ ִתּ ָבה‬

Pael Imperfect
1CS ‫ֲא ַכ ֵתּב‬ 1CP ‫נְ ַכ ֵתּב‬
2MS ‫ְתּ ַכ ֵתּב‬ 2MP ‫ְתּ ַכ ְתּבוּן‬
3MS ‫ְכתּב‬
ֵ ‫י‬ 3MP ‫יְכ ְתּבוּן‬
ַ
3FS ‫ְתּ ַכ ֵתּב‬ 3FP ‫י ְַכ ְתּ ָבן‬

Haphel Perfect
1CS ‫ַה ְכ ְתּ ֵבת‬ 1CP ‫ַה ְכ ִתּ ְבנָ א‬
2MS ‫ַה ְכ ֵתּ ְב ְתּ‬ 2MP ‫ַה ְכ ִתּ ְבתּוּן‬
3MS ‫ַה ְכ ֵתּב‬ 3MP ‫ַה ְכ ִתּבוּ‬
3FS ‫ַה ְכ ְתּ ַבת‬ 3FP ‫ַה ְכ ִתּ ָבה‬

Haphel Imperfect
1CS ‫ֲא ַה ְכ ֵתּב‬ 1CP ‫נְ ַה ְכ ֵתּב‬
2MS ‫ְתּ ַה ְכ ֵתּב‬ 2MP ‫ְתּ ַה ְכ ְתּבוּן‬
3MS ‫ְי ַה ְכ ֵתּב‬ 3MP ‫יְ ַה ְכ ְתבוּן‬
3FS ‫ְתּ ַה ְכ ֵתּב‬ 3FP ‫ְי ַה ְכ ְתּ ָבן‬

Biblical Aramaic Paradigms and Grammar by Adam Couturier is licensed under a Creative Commons
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Based on a work at www.mishlei-adam.com.
 Aphel Imperfect
1CS ‫ַא ְכ ֵתּב‬ 1CP ‫נַ ְכ ֵתּב‬
2MS ‫ַתּ ְכ ֵתּב‬ 2MP ‫ַתּ ְכ ְתּבוּן‬
3MS ‫י ְַכ ֵתּב‬ 3MP ‫יַכ ְתּבוּן‬
ְ
3FS ‫ַתּ ְכ ֵתּב‬ 3FP ‫י ְַכ ְתּ ָבן‬

Passive Conjugations
Peil Perfect
1CS ‫ְכּ ִת ֵיבת‬ 1CP ‫ְכּ ִת ְיבנָ א‬
2MS (‫ְכּ ִת ְיב ָתּ)א‬ 2MP ‫ְכּ ִת ְיבתּוּן‬
3MS ‫ְכּ ִתיב‬ 3MP ‫ְכּ ִתיבוּ‬
3FS ‫ְכּ ִת ַיבת‬ 3FP ‫ְכּ ִת ָיבה‬

Hophal Perfect
1CS ‫ָה ְכ ְתּ ֵבת‬ 1CP ‫ָה ְכ ַתּ ְבנָ א‬
2MS ‫ָה ְכ ַתּ ְב ָתּ‬ 2MP ‫ָה ְכ ַתּ ְבתּוּן‬
3MS ‫ָה ְכ ַתּב‬ 3MP ‫ָה ְכ ַתּבוּ‬
3FS ‫ָה ְכ ְתּ ַבת‬ 3FP ‫ָה ְכ ַתּ ָבה‬

Hithpeel Perfect
1CS ‫ִה ְת ַכּ ְת ֵבת‬ 1CP ‫ִה ְת ְכּ ִת ְבנָ א‬
2MS ‫ִה ְת ְכּ ֵת ְב ְתּ‬ 2MP ‫ִה ְת ְכּ ִת ְבתּוּן‬
3MS ‫ִה ְת ְכּ ֵתב‬ 3MP ‫ִה ְת ְכּ ִתבוּ‬
3FS ‫ִה ְת ַכּ ְת ַבת‬ 3FP ‫ִה ְת ְכּ ִת ָבה‬

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 Hithpeel Imperfect
1CS ‫ֶא ְת ְכּ ֵתב‬ 1CP ‫נִ ְת ְכּ ֵתב‬
2MS ‫ִתּ ְת ְכּ ֵתב‬ 2MP ‫ִתּ ְת ַכּ ְתבוּן‬
3MS ‫כּתב‬
ֵ ‫ִי ְת‬ 3MP ‫יִ ְת ַכּ ְתבוּן‬
3FS ‫ִתּ ְת ְכּ ֵתב‬ 3FP ‫ִי ְת ַכּ ְת ָבן‬
Hithpeel Participles
Masc. Masc.
Sing.
‫ָמ ְת ְכּ ֵתב‬ Pl.
‫ִמ ְת ַכּ ְת ִבין‬
Fem. Fem.
Sing
‫ִמ ְת ַכּ ְת ָבה‬ Pl.
‫ִמ ְת ַכּ ְת ָבן‬

Hithpaal Perfect
1CS ‫ִה ְת ַכּ ְת ֵבת‬ 1CP ‫ִה ְת ַכּ ַתּבוּ‬
2MS ‫ִה ְת ַכּ ַתּ ְב ְתּ‬ 2MP ‫ִה ְת ַכּ ַתּ ְבתּוּן‬
3MS ‫ִה ְת ַכּ ַתּב‬ 3MP ‫ִה ְת ַכּ ַתּבוּ‬
3FS ‫ִה ְת ַכּ ְתּ ֵבת‬ 3FP ‫ִה ְת ַכּ ַתּ ָבה‬

Hithpaal Imperfect
1CS ‫ֶא ְת ְכּ ֵתב‬ 1CP ‫נִ ְת ַכּ ַתּב‬
2MS ‫ִתּ ְת ַכּ ַתּב‬ 2MP ‫ִתּ ְת ַכּ ְתּבוּן‬
3MS ‫י ְִת ַכּ ַתּב‬ 3MP ‫יִת ַכּ ְתּבוּן‬
ְ
3FS ‫ִתּ ְת ַכּ ַתב‬ 3FP ‫י ְִת ַכּ ְתּ ָבן‬

Hithpaal Imperativev
Masc.
Sing.
‫בה‬
ִ ‫ְת ַכּ ַתּ‬ Masc.
Fem. Pl. ‫ִה ְת ַכּ ַתּבוּ‬
Sing.
‫ִה ְת ַכּ ַתּ ִבי‬

Biblical Aramaic Paradigms and Grammar by Adam Couturier is licensed under a Creative Commons
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