Assignment No.

3 : Wind Pressures (NBCC) (30-Story Building in Toronto)

Assignment 3: Calculations for Wind Pressures (NBCC) (30-Story Building in

Toronto)
Given Data
My Serial No = 33
Nature of Building: Typical Office Building
Stories: 30 + 33 = 63 Stories
First floor height: 17ft
Typical storey height: 13 ft
Building height, h: 17 + (62x13) = 823 ft.
Location: Toronto, Ontario
Wind speed V: 110 mph
Terrain: Flat, open country with scattered obstructions having the size of single-family
dwellings, height generally less than 30 ft
Plan dimensions: Width ‘W’ (along wind) = 98.5 ft (B); Depth ‘D’ (cross wind) = 164 ft; Building
height, H: 823 ft.
Width ‘W’ (along wind) = 98.5 ft (B) = 30.02 m
Depth ‘D’ (cross wind) = 164 ft = 49.98 m
Building lateral-load-resisting system: moment frame with shear walls.
Fundamental period T= 3.12 sec.
Damping co-efficient: 1.5% of critical;
Building density = 195 kg/m

Required:
1. Determine the wind pressure on the windward and leeward sides as well as total
wind pressure on the building.
2. Total load/ft at each floor level and the Total base shear.
3. Overturning moment (OTM) at each floor level and total OTM.
4. Calculate maximum along and across-wind accelerations.
Comment whether the building is safe and comfortable to occupants under dynamic
wind gust effect.

NBCC- wind analysis

The external pressure or suction on the building surface is given by the equation:

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Assignment No. 3 : Wind Pressures (NBCC) (30-Story Building in Toronto)

If the wind speed NBCC - wind analysis V is in m/s, the design pressure ‘q’ in kPa, is
obtained by using a value of C = 650 x l0-6.

Wind speed V: 110 mph

1 mile = 1 609.344 meters
1 mph = 0.44704 meters / second
V = 110 mph = 49.1744m/s
q = 650 x 10-6 x (49.1744m/s) 2 = 1.572 kPa

Detailed Procedure:
H= 823 ft = 250.85 m
1 foot = 0.3048 meters
1 mile = 1 609.344 meters
1 mph = 0.44704 meters / second
V = 110 mph = 49.1744m/s

Exposure Factor Ce:

Based on the mean wind speed profile, depending on the roughness of terrain before
wind reach the building.
Our Terrain: Flat, open country with scattered obstructions having the size of single-family
dwellings, height generally less than 30 ft
It best fits in Exposure A

Exposure A: The exposure is defined as open, level terrain with only scattered
buildings, trees or other obstructions and open water or shorelines. Ce for a given
height (z) is given by:

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Assignment No. 3 : Wind Pressures (NBCC) (30-Story Building in Toronto)

𝑧 0.28
𝐶𝑒 = ( )
10
This will vary with the height of the building, where z will be the height of the floor.

Gust Effect Factor (Dynamic Response Factor) Cg:

The dynamic gust response factor is defined as the ratio of peak loading to mean
loading

H =250.85m
CeH = 2.8

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Assignment No. 3 : Wind Pressures (NBCC) (30-Story Building in Toronto)

W/H = 164/823 = 0.1993

Height of the structure was H =250.85m so I took the value B = 0.5

W =164 ft

no = 1/T = 1/3.12 = 0.321 Hz

VH = mean wind speed = 49.1744m/s
𝑛𝑜 𝐻 0.321 𝑥 250.85
= = 1.637
𝑉𝐻 49.1744

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Assignment No. 3 : Wind Pressures (NBCC) (30-Story Building in Toronto)

S = 0.05

no = 1/T = 1/3.12 = 0.321 Hz

VH = mean wind speed = 49.1744m/s
𝑛𝑜 0.321
= = 0.0065278
𝑉𝐻 49.1744

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Assignment No. 3 : Wind Pressures (NBCC) (30-Story Building in Toronto)

F =0.25

Damping co-efficient: 1.5% of critical = 0.015

Putting all the above calculated values in the following formula

K = 0.08
CeH = 2.8
B = 0.5
W =164 ft
S = 0.05
F =0.25
𝛃 = 0.015
𝜎
= 0.1952
𝜇

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Assignment No. 3 : Wind Pressures (NBCC) (30-Story Building in Toronto)

0.05 𝑥0.25
V = 0.321√(0.05 𝑥0.25)+(0.5𝑥0.015) = 0.2537
gp = 3.8

The Required Ghust Factor

Cg = 1.7418
Complete calculations are attacked in the table.

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Assignment No. 3 : Wind Pressures (NBCC) (30-Story Building in Toronto)

1. Calculate maximum along and across-wind accelerations.

Based on wind tunnel studies, NBCC gives two expressions for determining the
across (aw) and along (aD) wind accelerations:

= H/450 = 250.85/450 = 0.557

no = 1/T = 1/3.12 = 0.321 Hz = nW = nD

Width ‘W’ (along wind) = 98.5 ft (B) = 30.02 m
Depth ‘D’ (cross wind) = 164 ft = 49.98 m

49.1744m/s
𝑎𝑟 = 78.5 𝑥 10−3 𝑥( )3.3 = 7.335 𝑚𝑠 −2
0.321 𝑥 √30.02𝑥 49.98

no = nW = nD = 0.321 Hz 𝛃w = 𝛃D = 0.015 gp = 3.8

7.335
𝑎𝑤 = 0.3212 𝑥3.8 𝑥 √30.02𝑥 49.98 ( ) = 0.4748 𝑚𝑠 −2
195 𝑥 9.81 𝑥 √0.015

𝑎𝑤 0.4748
= 𝑥 100 = 4.84 % 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑔 9.81

V = 110 mph = 49.1744m/s

q = 650 x 10-6 x (49.1744m/s) 2 = 1.572 kPa

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Assignment No. 3 : Wind Pressures (NBCC) (30-Story Building in Toronto)

gp = 3.8 K = 0.08 S = 0.05 F =0.25 Ce= CH = 2.8

𝛃 = 0.015 𝝰 = 0.5 q = 1.572 kPa D = 49.98 m Density = 195 kg/m

Putting these values in the formula.

0.08 𝑥 0.05 𝑥0.25 3.9 2.8 𝑥 1.572
𝑎𝐷 = 3.8 √ ( )( ) = 0.0421 𝑚𝑠 −2
2.8 𝑥 0.015 2 + 0.5 49.98 𝑥 195 𝑥 0.00981
𝑎𝐷
= 0.0421 𝑥 100 = 4.21 % 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑔
The calculated value is above the 3% limit. Its along-wind response will disturb the
comfort and equanimity of building's occupants.

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