Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

@deniiskandar
1. Andresen, E., & Bouldin, E. D. F. (2010). Public health foundations: Concepts and
practices. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
2. Guest, C., Ricciardi, W., Kawachi, I., & Lang, I. (Eds.). (2013). Oxford handbook of
public health practice. Oxford University Press.
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Health. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
4. Goldsteen, R. L., Goldsteen, K., & Dwelle, T. (2015). Introduction to public health:
Promises and practices.
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New York: J. Wiley.
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evaluating health promotion programs: A primer. San Francisco:
Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.
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Pertemuan Materi
Kontrak Pembelajaran
I
Blueprint APDFI
II Konsep dan Sejarah Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
III Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
IV Epidemiologi Terapan untuk Farmasi
V Tingkat Pencegahan Penyakit
VI Penyakit Menular
VII Penyakit Tidak Menular
UTS
VII Layanan Kesehatan
IX Promosi Kesehatan
X Visi, Misi, Tujuan Promosi Kesehatan
XI Kerangka Promosi Kesehatan
XII Model Promosi Kesehatan
XIII Intervensi Program Kesehatan Masyarakat
XIV Media Promosi Kesehatan
UAS
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and

social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity. (1947)

Public Health is “ the science and art of

preventing disease, prolonging life, and
promoting health and efficiency through
organized community effort … to ensure
everyone a standard of living adequate
for the maintenance of health
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

fulfilling society ’ s interest

Mission

assuring conditions in which

people can be healthy
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Social Justice

Population

Prevention
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Timeline of Major Developments in Public Health History

 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Ancient Society
• 2000 BC: Indus Valley of northern India. Bathrooms and
drains in homes and sewers below street level
• 2700 – 2000 BC: Egypt. Drainage system
• 1600 BC: The Myceneans. Toilets, flushing systems, and
sewers.
• 2100 BC: Written medical prescription for drug on Sumerian
clay tablet
• 1500 BC: more than 700 drug were known to the Egyptians
• 1745 BC: Code of Hammurabi. Laws pertaining to physicians
and health practices
• 1500 BC: The bible’s book of Leviticus.
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Ancient Greece and Rome • Hippocrates

Middle Ages • Climate, soil, water,
nutrition, lifestyle:
Renaissance
predictors of health
Enlightenment outcome
Industrial Revolution and • Endemic: disease occur at
Victorian Era expected rate
Modern Public Health • Pandemic: disease occur at
higher than expected rate
• Roman formalized public
health administration
system
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Ancient Greece and Rome • Roman constructed vast

Middle Ages water supply and sanitation
system > dedicated
Renaissance
government position
Enlightenment overseeing the system
Industrial Revolution and • Hospital created by the
Victorian Era roman
Modern Public Health • Health disparity exist
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Ancient Greece and Rome • Bubonic plague: Plague of

Middle Ages Justinian 543, Black Death
1348.
Renaissance
• End of middle ages, 1200:
Enlightenment laws to improve public
Industrial Revolution and health and combat epidemic
Victorian Era • Slaughter house
Modern Public Health • Livestock possession
regulation
• Food at public market
• Isolation
• Quarantine
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Ancient Greece and Rome • Origin of epidemic:

Middle Ages environmental factors,
Individual susceptibility’s
Renaissance
• Giolamo Fracastoro (1478-
Enlightenment 1533): microscopic agent
Industrial Revolution and responsible for disease,
Victorian Era could be transmitted.
Modern Public Health • Anton von Leeuwenhock
(1632-1723): observed first
microscopic organism
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Ancient Greece and Rome • William Petty (1632-1687):

Middle Ages political arithmetic
• Gottfried Achenwall (1749):
Renaissance
change the term political
Enlightenment arithmetic into statistics
Industrial Revolution and • John Graunt (1620 – 1674):
Victorian Era statistical analysis of a
Modern Public Health population’s health. Life
expectancy
• Abad 16: Pemberantasan cacar dan kolera
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Ancient Greece and Rome • Public health began in

Middle Ages earnest
• Lobbying government
Renaissance
• Health education
Enlightenment • First health survey
Industrial Revolution and • Occupational health
Victorian Era • John Howard (1726-1790):
Modern Public Health improving living condition of
prisoner
• Mental illness as public
health problem
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Ancient Greece and Rome • Variolation

Middle Ages • Edward Jenner (1749 –
1823): used naturally
Renaissance
acquired and fairly benign
Enlightenment cowpox to inoculate against
Industrial Revolution and smallpox
Victorian Era
Modern Public Health
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Ancient Greece and Rome • Industrial Revolution (1700

Middle Ages – 1900)
• 1834, Edwin Chadwick (1800
Renaissance
– 1890): England’s Poor Law
Enlightenment Amendment Act
Industrial Revolution and • 1848 cholera outbreak
Victorian Era • John Snow (1813 – 1858):
Modern Public Health outbreak mapping
• Report on and Inquiry into
the Sanitary Condition of
Laboring Population of
Great Britain (Chadwick,
1842)
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Ancient Greece and Rome • 1848, Public Health Act

Middle Ages • Mid-1850s: vital statistics
• Adolphe Quetelet (1796 –
Renaissance
1874): mathematics in
Enlightenment health (biostatistics)
Industrial Revolution and • Lemuel Shattuck (1793 –
Victorian Era 1859): health board
Modern Public Health • 1866: New York
Metropolitan Health Bill
• Abad 18: Pelatihan dukun bayi dalam praktek
persalinan, pendirian pusat laboratorium
kedokteran di Bandung
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Ancient Greece and Rome • 1869: State Health

Middle Ages Department, Massachusetts
• 1878: port quarantine
Renaissance
(Marine Hospital Service)
Enlightenment • 1902: Public Health and
Industrial Revolution and Marine Hospital Service
Victorian Era • 1912: United States Public
Modern Public Health Health Service
• Theory of communicable
disease: miasma theory,
specific contagion
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Ancient Greece and Rome • Germ theory of disease:

Middle Ages Koch, Pasteur, etc
• 1880 – 1898: causative
Renaissance
agents of disease identified
Enlightenment (malaria, tuberculosis,
Industrial Revolution and typhoid, etc)
Victorian Era • Antiseptic use > decrease in
Modern Public Health morbidity and mortality
• Immunology and vaccine
development
• 1887: First bacteriological
lab in the world, the United
States Marine Hospital
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Modern Public Health • Preventing and controlling

communicable disease
Number of Deaths and Crude Mortality Rate for Leading Causes of Death in
the United States in 1900
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Modern Public Health • Preventing and controlling

communicable disease
Number of Deaths and Crude Mortality Rate for Leading Causes of Death in
the United States in 2000
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Modern Public Health • Preventing and controlling

communicable disease
• 1929 – 1941: government
intervention and subsidy
• water fluoridation,
immunizations, motor
vehicle safety, occupational
Reduced safety, food supply safety
morbidity &fortification, maternal
and mortality &child health, fam.
planning, prev. of heart
disease & stroke, and, cont.
of infectious diseases
• Abad 19: pendidikan penyuluhan kesehatan,
STOVIA (School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche
Artsen), pendaftaran dukun bayi sebagai
penolong dan perawatan persalinan,
pemberantasan pes, Bandung Plan, Puskesmas,
Sistem Kesehatan Nasional
 Konsep dan Sejarah
Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Modern Public Health • 1946: establishment of CDC

(Center for Disease Control
and Prevention)
• 1948: establishment of
WHO (World Health
Organization)
• 1988: IOM (Institute of
Medicine) publish report
series, The Future of Public
Health
• 2002: Publish ‘Who Will
Keep the Public Healthy’
(IOM)
• Abad 20: visi Indonesia sehat 2010, jaminan
kesehatan nasional