COLUMN

By :
Firman Maulana E. H. 4216100059
Aghnia Nurul F. 4216100062
Danar Adi Irfanto 4216100065
Hibatul Wafi 4216100068
A. Karomur Roziq F. 4216100071
Avecenna Amarullah V. 4216100074
 Chapter I
Introduction

I.1 Background
If we talk about the mechanics of engineering and structural elements and machine
chosen based on three characteristics; strength, stiffness, stability. But, not all structures are
always in a stable state. This is caused by the spread of the load and directed to the analysis
column which has a constant cross-sectional area. As with all the symptoms of the problem of
instability, compounded the problem column also by the fact that the different symptoms that
increase strength depends on the long pole. So if in case, the steel rod ends in the shape of a
circle. Say, a diameter of 5 mm, 10 mm in length was made to act as columns, instability is not a
problem, and a significant force can be made to this section. On the other hand, if the stems are
made along the same stretch of over 1 m, then the smaller style of unused can be held by the
stem crooked to the side and can collapse. Consideration of material strength alone is not enough
to interpret the nature of this rod.

The same symptoms are also in various other circumstances in which the compressive stress is.
The sheets are thin though fully capable to withstand tensile loading, it is not good to deliver a
compressive force. Thin beams, which are not strengthened to the side, can be broken sideways
and collapsed as it gets loads. Empty tanks, as well as the submarine hull, without perfectly
designed to be changed at all due to the influence of external pressure and can take the form of a
drastically different from the original geometry. A thin-walled tube can be creased like tissue
paper when receiving torque.

Here will be noticed mainly is a matter of the column. Through algebraic manipulation,
we are going to lower the expression of capacity (carrying capacity) will be made to resemble the
column formulas normal voltage. The conversion formulas as usual column brought several
engineers to predict the formulas the usual strength in the limits in which the symptoms of
instability effect. There are some experts story building techniques fail to show that this tragic
mistake: bridges, buildings, machinery and aircraft, which eventually damaged and destroyed.

I.2 Problem Identification

1. What is the definiton of column ?
 2. How is the implementation of the column ?

I.3 Purpose
1. Knowing the defintion of column
2. Knowing the implementation of column
 Chapter 2

Explaination

II.1 Column
The column is a slim rod structure (slender) were subjected to an axial load press
(compres) at the ends. Ideal column has elastic properties, straight and perfect if given loading
concentrically. Columns are vertical elements of the framework structure that serves to continue
the load - a whole load of building elements to the foundation. In a building is an important
component (as a buffer load).

In general, the beam cross-sectional area in addition to a short column must have a radius
as large as possible. This provides a ratio L (long) / r (radius) smaller, thus allowing the use of
higher voltages. Tube forming an excellent column. Sliced flange-width (which is sometimes
called a wedge H) is better than sliced I. In columns constructed of form rollers or extrusion,
each piece is stretched to obtain the desired effect.

II.2 Column Type

1. Long column or slender
2. Short column
3. Intermediate column

II.3 Material of coloumn

1. Wood column
2. Concrete column
3. Steel column

II.4 Column Design

In general, the beam cross-sectional area in addition to a short column must have a radius
of gyration that as possible. This provides a ratio L / r smaller, thus allowing the use of higher
voltages. Tube forming an excellent column. Sliced flange-width (which is sometimes called a
wedge H) is better than sliced I. In columns constructed of form rollers or extrusion, each piece
is stretched to obtain a desired effect, such as Figure A.
 Getting a large r by putting a number of specific materials away from the center of
gravity of a widespread, as described above, may reach a limit. Such materials will be very thin
to be wrinkled locally. This property is called local instability. If the failure is caused by local
instability occurs in the flange or plate components of a rod, the rod of the press would be
useless, as the Figure B.

Figure A Figure B

II.5 Types of Column’s Loading

II.6 Euler’s Formula for Column
If in a column from incurring columns will undergo bending (buckling). Expenses were
able detained by the column without causing bending called Critical load column. In general, the
critical load to n (Pn) which makes bending in the column are:

II.7 Slenderness Ratio

Column slenderness ratio (slenderness ratio) is the ratio of the length of the column to the
minimum radius of gyration of the foregoing. The slenderness ratio is dimensionless and is
calculated using the formula where

With

R = giration’s length

I = minimum’s moment area

A = luas penampang

II.8 Critical’s Voltage on the Column

The average voltage of the cross-sectional area of the columns in the critical load. Critical
stress on the beam can be calculated by

Critical load completely dependent on the column slenderness ratio and stiffness of the material
E. However, Since E is constant only to proportionality then Euler's formula applies only to the P
/ A samapai boundaries.
II.9 Work Permit’s Voltage

For the column containing the slimness was then used formula by comparing the ratio of
slenderness with working voltage (including safety factor)

 CBC= Chicago Building Code

 AISC’s Formula ( American Institute Of

Steel Construction)

 Work
permit’s voltage
for Alumunium

 Work permit’s voltage for steel

 Chapter III

Conclusion

From the description in this paper it can be concluded as follows:

1. Column is a slim rod structure (slender) were subjected to an axial load press (compres)
at the ends. Columns are vertical elements of the framework structure that serves to
continue the load - a whole load of building elements to the foundation.
2. The column consists of three types, namely long column / Slender, short column, and the
intermediate column. And also there are 3 types of the column is a column of wood,
concrete columns and steel columns.
 QUESTIONS

4m

2. Determine the slenderness ratio for steel columns with a round face and a diameter
of 100 mm, when the length of 4 m?

Diketahui: D = 100 mm
L=4m
Ditanya: L/r
 3m

3. Steel columns with a round face with a diameter of 100 mm and a length of 3 m.
According to the specifications of AISC, how the load capacity of the column if the edges
are bonded pin?

Diketahui: D = 100 mm L=3m

Ditanya: P
 Refferences

Popov, E. P. 1984. Mekanika Teknik (Mechanics of Materials). Jakarta : Erlangga

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