Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Spring 2006
Work and Energy Problems – Their Solutions
1. A block slides down a curved frictionless tract and then up an incline. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the incline is µk. Using
energy methods show that the maximum height reached by the block
h
is ymax = .
1 + µ k cot θ
Using conservation of energy, the kinetic energy at the bottom of the ramp is due
to the change in potential energy as the block falls through a height h. The kinetic
energy at the bottom of the ramp is transferred to potential energy as the block
rises up the ramp to a height ymax and some is lost to friction. The energy loss due
to friction is given by the work done, which is the product of the frictional force
and the distance the block travels up the ramp. The distance the block travels up
y y
the ramp is given by sin θ = max → d = max and the force due to friction is
d sin θ
given by µ k FN = µ k mg cos θ . Therefore we have using conservation of energy
mv 2
From the free body diagram we have FN − mg cos θ = − → v 2 = Rg cos θ ,
R
where we have set FN = 0 when the pumpkin leaves the surface. In order to find
the angle we need to use conservation of energy: mgR = 12 mv 2 + mgR cos θ . The
initial energy is mgR (taking the dome level as the zero of the potential energy)
and the final energy when the pumpkin leaves the surface is ½ mv2 + mgh, where
h is the height of the pumpkin above the base of the dome. Therefore we have
using the speed of the pumpkin above,
gR = 12 gR cos θ + gR cos θ = 32 gR cos θ → cos θ = 23 → θ = 48.2 o
5. A child starts from rest and slides down a frictionless slide. In terms of R and H,
at what height h will he lose contact with the section of radius R?
Starting with conservation of energy applied between the top of the slide and
when the child leaves the slide at a height h we have for the velocity of the
child mgH = mgh + 12 mv 2 → v = 2 g (H − h ) . Next we use Newton’s laws to
relate h and H. The maximum speed that the child can have before losing contact
with the slide is when the normal force vanishes. Thus the component of the
weight of the child gives rise to the centripetal force. Thus we
v 2 2 gm(H − h )
have mg sin θ = m = . For small angles, we have that sinθ ~ h/R
R R
and using this we have a relation between h and H,
h 2 gm(H − h )
namely mg = → h = 23 H
R R
6. The drawing below shows a plane diving toward the ground and then climbing
back upward. During each part of the motion, the lift force, L acts perpendicular
to the displacement s, and has magnitude 1.7x103m in both cases. The thrust, T is
provided by the engines and points in the direction of the displacement, and has
the same magnitude during the dive and the climb. The weight of the plane, W
has magnitude 5.9x104 N. In both cases the net work done is due to the combined
action of the forces L, T, and W.
a. Is more net work done during the dive or the climb? Explain
b. Find the difference between the net work done during the diving and
climbing motions.
a. In both cases, the lift force L is perpendicular to the displacement of the plane,
and, therefore, does no work. As shown in the drawing when the plane is in the
dive, there is a component of the weight W that points in the direction of the
displacement of the plane. When the plane is climbing, there is a component of
the weight that points opposite to the displacement of the plane. Thus, since the
thrust T is the same for both cases, the net force in the direction of the
displacement is greater for the case where the plane is diving. Since the
displacement s is the same in both cases, more net work is done during the dive .
b. The work done during the dive is Wdive = (T + W cos 75°) s , while the work
done during the climb is Wclimb = (T + W cos 115°) s . Therefore, the difference
between the net work done during the dive and the climb is
Wdive – Wclimb = (T + W cos 75°) s – (T + W cos 115°) s = Ws (cos 75° – cos 115°)
= (5.9 × 10 4 N)(1.7 × 103 m)(cos 75° – cos 115°) = 6.8 × 10 7 J
7. A 1200kg car is being driven up a 5o hill. The frictional force is directed opposite
the motion of the car and has magnitude of Ffr = 524N. A force F is applied to the
car by the road and propels the car forward. If the length of the road is 290m,
what should the magnitude of F be so that the net work done by all of the forces
acting on the car is +150kJ?
=
150 × 103 J
( )
+ 524 N + (1200 kg ) 9.80 m/s sin 5.0° = 2.07 × 10 N
2 3
290 m
8. A water skier lets go of the tow rope upon leaving the end of a jump ramp at a
speed of 14m/s. The skier has a speed of 13m/s at the highest point of the jump.
What is the skier’s height H above the top of the ramp if air resistance is ignored?
Since energy is conserved, the ball will have the same speed at the bottom of its
swing whether it is moving toward or away from the crane. As the cable swings to
an angle of 32.0°, the ball will rise a distance h = L (1 – cos 32.0°), where L is the
length of the cable. Conservation of energy then gives 12 mv02 = 12 mvf2 + mgh
Solving for vf gives
= ( 6.50 m/s )2 − 2 ( 9.80 m/s2 ) (10.0 m )(1 − cos 32.0°) = 3.53 m/s
10. A projectile of mass 0.75kg is launched straight up in the air with an initial speed
of 18m/s.
a. How high would the projectile go if there were no air friction?
b. If the projectile rises to a maximum height of 11.8m, what is the average
force exerted on the projectile due to air resistance?
FR =
1m
2 ( vf2 − vo2 ) + mg ( hf − h0 )
−s
11. At a carnival, you try to impress your significant other by trying to ring a bell at
the top of a pole by striking a target with a 9.0kg hammer. In response, a 0.40kg
metal piece is sent up the pole toward the bell, which is located 5.0m above the
ground. Suppose that 25% of the hammer’s kinetic energy is used to do the work
of sending the metal piece upward, how fast much the hammer be moving when it
strikes the target so that the bell just barely rings?
12. A person is making homemade ice cream. She exerts a force of magnitude 22N
on the free end of a crank handle, and this end moves in a circular path of radius
0.28m. The force is always applied parallel to the motion of the handle. If the
handle is turned once every 1.3s, what is the average power being expended by
the woman?
The work done by the person in turning the crank one revolution is
W = F (2π r) = (22 N)(2π)(0.28 m) = 39 J. Then the power expended is
W 39 J
simply P = = = 3.0 × 101 W
t 1.3 s