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Part 8. Auxiliary Equipment | Chapter 1.

Centrifugal Pumps

radially (vertically, usually with single suction, end inlet


pumps).
Stages
The single stage pump is one with a single impeller; it
may have a single or double suction. If the required head
is too high for a single impeller to develop, two or more
single stage pumps may be used in series, or a set of
impellers in series may be put into a single casing. The
latter assembly is designated a multi-stage pump.
Assembly
With reference to the axis of rotation of the shaft,
centrifugal pumps and drive arrangements are either
horizontal or vertical (at times inclined). Horizontal pumps
are arranged either with end or side suction inlets; top
FIG. 2 – TYPICAL PERFORMANCE, PLAIN FLOW and bottom suctions are also available. Double suction
VANE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP pumps are usually built with side discharge nozzles (Fig.
5)
There are two shortcomings in a centrifugal pump: The single suction pumps are usually made with the
1. It is not self-priming unless specially equipped end suction inlet (also available in other arrangements)
with a priming device (or a foot valve). and a variety of discharge nozzle positions (Fig. 6). The
2. It is inefficient for capacities smaller than 10 gpm discharge nozzle is a size or two smaller than the suction.
at heads higher than 30 feet. Centrifugal pumps are often identified by a number
corresponding to the size of its discharge; however this
CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGNATION does not define its capacity which must be stated
The manner of liquid flow within the impeller and the concurrently.
casing of Centrifugal pumps has already been outlined.
The plain radial flow impeller in a volute casing centrifugal
pump is the one usually applied in air conditioning and
refrigeration applications.
Impeller
The impellers are constructed in three arrangements:
1. Enclosed (vanes within an impeller shroud or
side walls).
2. Semi-enclosed (vanes assembled with on side
wall). Fig. 3 – LIQUID FLOW SYSTEMS
3. Open (no side walls, casing serving as side
walls).
Suction
The liquid approach into the pump may be either:
1. Thru a single inlet with end suction to impeller.
2. Thru a single inlet with double suction, liquid
flowing into the impeller along the shaft on two
sides (Fig. 4).
Casing
The volute easing (Fig. 5) may be split axially
(horizontally, usually with double suction pumps), or Fig. 4 - IMPELLERS

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