You are on page 1of 16

HEC-HMS Summary of Topics - HEC-HMS

The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s


Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) Premier Hydrologic Model Today (HEC)
Performs RF-RO Calculations for Watersheds
Basic Input and Output Options
Precipitation Options
Unit Hydrograph Options
Flood Routing Option
Creating and Viewing Results and Graphs

Execution of HEC-HMS The Hydrologic Cycle


Running actual projects
39
1 0 0 Moisture over land
Calibration to gage data P r e c i pdi t a t i o n o n l a n

61 385
Evaporation from land Precipitation
Castro Valley case study Snow
on ocean
melt

Keegans example Surface


runoff
Precipitation
424
Evaporation
from ocean

Linkage with GIS/NEXRAD data (HEC Geo-HMS) Infiltration


Wa
Groundwater ter
Recharge tab le

38 Surface discharge
Groundwater flow

Impervious 1 Groundwater
strata discharge

ִ1
Uses of the HEC Program HEC-1 Program History
Models the rainfall-runoff process in a watershed HEC-1 - History of Model Development
based on watershed physiographic data
Separate Programs: 1967 by Leo R. Beard
Offers a variety of modeling options in order to
Major Revision and Unification: 1973
compute UH for basin areas.
Offers a variety of options for flood routing along Second Major Revision: 1981 (Dam Breach,
streams. Kinematic Wave)
Capable of estimating parameters for calibration of PC Versions: 1984 (partial), 1988 (full)
each basin based on comparison of computed data to
observed data

HEC-1/HMS Program History HEC-HMS Background


Current Versions: 1991, 1998 Purpose of HEC-HMS
1991 Version Provides Extended Memory Support Improved User Interface, Graphics, and
1998 Version 4.1 is Final Release
Reporting
Improved Hydrologic Computations
HEC “NexGen” Project Begins 1990
Integration of Related Hydrologic Capabilities
(RAS, HMS, FDA) Importance of HEC-HMS
HEC-HMS - New GUI and Updates Foundation for Future Hydrologic Software
First Release April 1998 Replacement for HEC-1
Version 1.1 Released April 1999
Current Version 2.0.3

ִ2
Improvements over HEC-1 HEC-HMS Availability
Ease of Use Available Through HEC Vendors
Available at HEC Web Site:
projects divided into three components
http://www.wrc-hec.usace.army.mil
user can run projects with different parameters
instead of creating new projects “Public Domain” Program
hydrologic data stored as DSS files No Copyright on Software
capable of handling NEXRAD-rainfall data and No Copyright on HEC Documentation
gridded precipitation
Special Training Available

Converts HEC-1 files into HMS files

EXAMPLE 5.1

Small Watershed Example (HEC-1)

A small und eveloped watershed has the parameters listed in the following tables. A unit
hydrograph and Muskingu m routing coefficients are known fo r subbasin 3, sho wn in Fig.
E5.1(a). TC and R values for subbasins 1 and 2 and associated SCS curve nu mbers (CN)
are provided as shown . A 5-hr rainfall hye tograph in in./hr is shown in Fig. E5.1(b) for a
storm event that occurred on June 19, 1983. Assume that the rain fell uniformly ove r the
watershed. Use the information g iven to deve lop a HEC-1 input data set to mode l this
storm. Run the mode l to determine the predicted outflow at point B. Note that this same
sample will be used later with HEC-HMS as Example 5.2.

SUBBASIN TC R SCS CURVE % IMPERVIOUS AREA


NUMBER (hr) (hr) NUMBER (%) (mi2)
1 2.5 5.5 66 0 2.5
2 2.8 7.5 58 0 2.7
3 -- -- 58 0 3.3

UH FOR TIME (hr) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7


SUBBASIN 3:
U (cfs) 0 200 400 600 450 300 150 0

Muskingum coefficients: x = 0.15, K = 3 hr, Area = 3.3 sq mi

ִ3
Solution
ID
ID
****
****
The input data set is as follows:
EXAMPLE 5.1 Program Organization
ID **** HEC-1 INPUT DATA SET
ID ****
IT
IO
60
4
60 19-Jun-83 1200 100
Main project screen
KK SUB1
KM
PI 0.2
RUNOFF FROM SUBBASIN 1
1.5 2 1 0.5
Connects to all data and information through menus
BA 2.5
LS 66 0
UC 2.5 5.5
KK SUB2
KM RUNOFF FROM SUBBASIN 2
BA 2.7
LS 58 0
UC 2.8 7.5
KK A
KM COMBINE RUNOFF FROM SUB 1 WITH RUNOFF FROM SUB 2 AT A
HC 2
KKA TO B
KM MUSKINGUM ROUTING FROM A TO B
RM 1 3 0.15
KK SUB3
KM RUNOFF FROM SUBBASIN 3
BA 3.3
LS 58 0
UI 0 200 400 600 450 300 150 0
KK B
KM COMBINE FLOW FROM SUB 3 AND ROUTED TO POINT B
HC 2
ZZ

Using HEC-HMS Project Definition


May contain several basin models, meteorologic
models, and control specifications
Three components
User can select a variety of combinations of the three
Basin model - contains the elements of the models in order to see the effects of changing
basin, their connectivity, and runoff parameters on one subbasin
parameters
Meteorologic Model - contains the rainfall and
evapotranspiration data
Control Specifications - contains the start/stop
timing and calculation intervals for the run

ִ4
Basin Model Basin Model Elements
Basin Model
Based on Graphical User subbasins- contains data for subbasins (losses,
Interface (GUI) UH transform, and baseflow)
Click on elements from left and
drag into basin area
Can import map files from GIS reaches- connects elements together and
programs to use as background contains flood routing data
Actual locations of elements do
not matter, just connectivity and junctions- connection point between elements
runoff parameters

reservoirs- stores runoff and releases runoff at a


specified rate (storage-discharge relation)

Basin Model Elements Basin Model Parameters


Loss rate, UH transform, and baseflow methods
sinks- has an inflow but no outflow

sources- has an outflow but no inflow

diversions- diverts a specified amount of runoff


to an element based on a rating curve - used for
detention storage elements or overflows

ִ5
Abstractions (Losses) Loss Rate methods
Interception Storage
Green & Ampt
Depression Storage
Initial & constant
Surface Storage
SCS curve no.
Evaporation
Gridded SCS curve no.
Infiltration
Deficit/Constant
Interflow
No loss rate
Groundwater and Base Flow

Initial and Uniform Loss Computation HEC-HMS Loss Entry Window

Initial Loss Applied at Beginning of Storm


Estimated from Previous or SCS data
Sand: 0.80-1.50 inches; Clay: 0.40-1.00 inches
Uniform Loss Applied Throughout Storm
Also Estimated From Previous Studies or SCS
Data
Sand: 0.10-0.0 in/hr; Clay 0.05-0.15 in/hr

ִ6
Rainfall/Runoff Transformation Unit Hydrograph
Unit Hydrograph Definition:
Distributed Runoff Sub-Basin Surface Outflow Due to Unit (1-in)
Grid-Based Transformation Rainfall Excess Applied Uniformly Over a Sub-
Methods: Basin in a Specified Time Duration
Clark Duration of UH:
Snyder
HEC-HMS Sets Duration Equal to Computation
SCS
Input Ordinates Interval
ModClark
Kinematic Wave

Synthetic Unit Hydrographs Clark Unit Hydrograph


Computed from Basin Characteristics
Computation
HEC- HMS Synthetic Unit Hydrographs
SCS Dimensionless Unit graph
Clark Unit Hydrograph (TC & R)
Snyder Unit Hydrograph
User-Defined Input Unit Hydrograph
ModClark Unit Hydrograph

ִ7
Estimating Time of Concentration Baseflow Options
for Clark Unit Hydrograph
Hydraulic Analysis Method
Compute Travel Time in Open Channels and Storm recession
Sewers based on Flow Velocities
constant
Compute Reservoir Travel Time from Wave Velocity
monthly
linear reservoir
Overland Flow Equations no baseflow
Kerby Method
Kirpich Method
Overton & Meadows
SCS TR-55 Method for Shallow Concentrated Flow

Stream Flow Routing Reach Routing

Simulates Movement of Flood Wave Flood routing


Through Stream Reach methods:
Simple Lag
Accounts for Storage and Flow Resistance
Modified Puls
Allows modeling of a watershed with sub- Muskingum
basins Muskingum Cunge
Kinematic Wave

ִ8
HEC-HMS Methods for Effects of Stream Flow Routing
Stream Flow Routing Avg Inflow - Avg Outflow = dS/dt
Hydraulic Methods - Uses partial form of St
Venant Equations
Kinematic Wave Method
Muskingum-Cunge Method
Hydrologic Methods ִStorage S
Muskingum Method Inflow
Storage Method (Modified Puls)
Lag Method Outflow

∆t

Modified Puls (Storage) HEC-HMS Stream Flow Routing


Stream Flow Routing Method Data Window

Storage-Indication Relationship:

I - Q = (dS/dt)

Averaging at two points in time: 1 and 2

I1 + I2 + (2S1/∆t - Q1)= (2S2/∆t + Q2)

ִ9
Stream Flow Diversions
Storage-Discharge Relationships
Diversion Identification
Maximum Volume of Diversion (Optional)
Maximum Rate of Diversion (Optional)
Diversion Rating Table
Stream Flow Rates Upstream of Diversion
Corresponding Diversion Rates

Stream Flow Diversions Reservoir Routing


Flow is allowed to move from one channel to
another via a side weir or flow across a low
Developed Outside HEC-HMS
divide Weir
Diverted Q
Storage Specification Alternatives:
Storage versus Discharge
Storage versus Elevation
Flow increases until a fixed level and then a Surface Area versus Elevation
flow diversion table determines rate through
Discharge Specification Alternatives:
the weir or across the divide Spillways, Low-Level Outlets, Pumps
Dam Safety: Embankment Overflow, Dam Breach

ִ10
Reservoirs I - Q = dS
dt
Reservoir Data Input
Pond storage with I
Level Pool Reservoir
Q (weir flow)
Initial Conditions to Be Considered
outflow pipe S
H
Q (orifice flow)
Inflow = Outflow
S = f(Q) Q = f(H) Initial Storage Values
I
Orifice flow:
Initial Outflow
Orifice flow Q=C* 2gH Initial Elevation
Q
Elevation Data Relates to Both Storage/Area
I
and Discharge
Weir flows Weir Flow:
Q = CLH3/2
HEC-1 Routing Routines with Initial Conditions
Q
and Elevation Data can be Imported as
Reservoir Elements
Inflow and Outflow Inflow
Q (cfs)

I=Q
Outflow

time

Reservoir Data Input Window Meteorologic Model


Meteorologic Model Evapotranspiration-ET
Precipitation monthly average,
user hyetograph no evapotranspiration
user gage weighting
inverse-distance gage
weighting
gridded precipitation
frequency storm
standard project storm -
Eastern U.S.

ִ11
Precipitation Gage Data
Gage Data (from project definition screen)
Historical Rainfall Data
Recording Gages Precipitation gages-
Non-Recording Rainfall Gages precipitation data for
use with meteorologic
models
Design Storms
Stream gages- observed
Hypothetical Frequency Storms level data to compare
Corps Standard Project Storm computed and actual
results
Probable Maximum Precipitation

Precipitation: Sources of Rainfall


Gridded Weather Radar Data Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF)
Data from National Weather Service
NexRAD program, Doppler Radar
East of 105th Meridian (Denver)
Data must be manipulated and stored in DSS file NWS HYDRO-5 (5 minutes to 60 minutes)
format NWS TP-40 (2 hours to 24 hours) - 1961
Grids are HRAP (NWS) or SHG (HEC) NWS TP-49 (2 days to 10 days)
HRAP uses spherical projections and generalized earth
radius values West of 105th Meridian
SHG uses Albers Equal Area projections NOAA Atlas 2 (Separate Volumes for Each
Grids cover about 1 square kilometer State)
Historical raw data may not be archived

ִ12
Input and Output Files Input and Output Files
project-name.HMS: List of models, descriptions and project-name.DSS: DSS file containing basin model
project default method options data such as computed hydrographs and storage
basin-model-name.BASIN: Basin model data, discharge relationships
including connectivity information project-name.DSC: List of files contained in DSS file
precipitation-model-name.PRECIP: Precipitation project-name.OUT: Log of operations for the DSS file
model data
project-name.MAP: Coordinate point file for subbasin
control-specifications- name.CONTROL: Control boundaries and channel location
specifications
project-name.GAGE: Listing of gages available for use
run-name.LOG: Messages generated during execution in the project
of run HMStemp.TMP: Echo listing of imported HEC-1 model
project-name.RUN: List of runs, including most
recent execution time

Data Storage System (DSS) The HEC-HMS “Options”


Multiple time series or relational data sets Precipitation Option (6 available)
Each data set or record has a unique pathname/Castro
Valley/Fire Dept/PRECIP-INC/16Jan197/10min/Obs/ Loss Computation (5 available)
Pathnames Consist of Parts A through F Runoff Transform Computation (6 available)
Part A: General name, project name Routing Computation (7 available)
Part B: Specific name, or control point
Over 6 x 5 x 6 x 7 = 1,260 Combinations
Part C: Data type (PRECIP-INC, PRECIP-CUM,
FLOW, STORAGE, etc.)
Part D: Start Date Subbasin
Part E: Time interval routing reach
Part F: User specified

ִ13
Control Specifications Running a project
Control Specifications - Start/Stop/Time Interval
User selects the
1. Basin model
2. Meteorologic model
3. Control ID for the
HMS run

Viewing Results Viewing Results


To view the results: right-click on any basin element,
results will be for that point

Display of results:
hydrograph- graphs outflow vs. time
summary table- gives the peak flow and time of peak
time-series table- tabular form of outflow vs. time
hydrograph
Comparing computed and actual results: plot
observed data on the same hydrograph to by selecting a
discharge gage for an element

ִ14
HEC-HMS Output Viewing Results
1. Tables
Summary
Detailed (Time Series)
2. Hyetograph Plots
3. Sub-Basin Hydrograph Plots
4. Routed Hydrograph Plots
5. Combined Hydrograph Plots
6. Recorded Hydrographs - comparison Summary table

Time series table

HEC-HMS Output HEC-HMS Output


Sub-Basin Plots
Runoff Hydrograph
Junction Plots
Hyetograph
Tributary Hydrographs
Abstractions Combined Hydrograph
Base Flow Recorded Hydrograph

ִ15
Purpose of Calibration FINALLY - information on HEC-HMS
Can Compute Sub-Basin Parameters www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/software_
Loss Function Parameters distrib/hec-hms/hechmsprogram.html
Unit Hydrograph Parameters (the user’s manual can be downloaded from this
Can Compute Stream Flow Routing site)
Parameters www.dodson-hydro.com/download.htm#
Requires Gage Records Electronic_Documents
Available on the laboratory computers

ִ16

You might also like