ENTC 463

• HW#5 Helical Gears

• Chapter 8 – 44
• Chapter 10 – 2 (change helix angle to 25
degree), 6.
 ENTC 463
• Exam #1, 2/14/2008
– Chapter 7 – Belt and Chain
– Wire rope
– Chapter 8 – Spur gears and helical gear
geometry
– Chapter 9 – Spur gear design and analysis,
gear materials
– Chapter 10 – Helical gear design and analysis
 Helical Gears

ENTC 463
Mechanical Design Applications II
 Helical Gears
•One left hand and one right hand
• Parallel shafts

• Crossed helical gears

• Both right hand or both left hand
• Non-parallel, non-coplanar shafts
 Helical Gears
• Read textbook
– Chapter 8, geometry and material
– Chapter 10, forces and stress
• Advantage
– Smooth engagement
– Smaller package
• Disadvantage
– Axial thrust ?
Helical Gear Geometry

Helical angle ψ –
between the red and
blue lines
Gear Geometry
• Circular pitch
πD
p=
N
• Normal circular pitch
pn = p cosψ

• Axial pitch

p
px =
tanψ
 Gear Geometry
• Diametral pitch
(transverse)
N
Pd =
D
• Normal duametral
pitch
pd
pnd =
cosψ
π π
pd = , pnd = Where are they in the figure?
p pn
Forces Acting on Helical Gear
Forces Acting on Helical Gear

Wn : normal force

Wt : tangential force

Wr : radial force

Wx : axial force
Tangential Plane (top view)
Wt : tangential force

Wx : axial force

Wx = Wt tanψ
Bottom of the cheesecake
Transverse Plane (front view)

φt : transverse pressure angle

Wr = Wt tan φt

Wr : radial force
Front shear plane of the cheesecake
Normal Plane (front view rotate ψ)

φn : normal pressure angle

used as φ

⎛ Wt ⎞
Wr = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ tan φn
⎝ cosψ ⎠
Wt
cosψ Wr : radial force
 Geometry Parameters
Wr = Wt tan φt φt : transverse pressure angle
φn : normal pressure angle
⎛ Wt ⎞
Wr = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ tan φn ψ : helical angle
⎝ cosψ ⎠

Spur gear : pressure angle φ

⎛ Wt ⎞
Wr = Wt tan φt = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ tan φn
⎝ cosψ ⎠
tan φn use φn as φ
⇒ tan φt =
cosψ the only added parameter is ψ
 True Normal Force, Wn
• True normal force Wn, can be calculated
(but not used)
Wt cosψ Wt
Wn = =
cos φn cosψ cos φn

• Use other components: Wt, Wr, Wx

– Tables and Figures
– Shafts, bearings, etc.
 Power - Force

D
Wt × = T
2 ⎛ Wt ⎞
Wr = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ tan φn
63000 × hp ⎝ cosψ ⎠
T=
n
126000 × hp Wx = Wt tanψ
Wt =
nD
 Helical Gear Example
• Normal diametrial pitch pnd=8, normal
pressure angle φn = 20 degree, N = 32,
F = 3.0”, ψ = 15 degree. What are the
forces acting on the gear tooth while the
gear is rotating at 650 rpm and
transmitting 7.5 hp
 Stress in Helical Gears
• Bending stress number, st
– Geometry factor J (Figure 10.5 to 7)
– Overload factor
– Size factor Use chart/Table from Chapter 9
– Load distribution factor
– Rim thickness factor
– Dynamic factor

Wt pd
st = Ko K s Km K B Kv
FJ
 Geometry Factor, J
Assume 75 teeth meshing gear/pinion initially

4
J’=0.49

1
 Geometry Factor Multiplier, K

K=1.035

N P = 30
N G = 150
J = J ′ × K = 0.49 ×1.035
 Surface Stress Number
Wt K o K s K m K v
sc = C p
FDP I

• Geometry factor, I
Bending Stress Consideration
Wt pd Wt pd
Stress: σt = Bending stress number: st =
FJ FJ
Wt pd
Modified bending stress number: st = Ko K s Km K B Kv
FJ

Compare
Allowable bending stress (strength): sat
′ YN
Adjusted allowable bending stress (strength): sat = sat
SF ⋅ K R
Contact Stress Consideration
Wt
Contact stress number: σc = Cp
FDP I

Wt K o K s K m K v
Modified contact stress number: sc = C p
FDP I

Compare
Allowable contact stress (strength): sac
′ Z N CH
Adjusted allowable contact stress (strength): sac = sac
SF ⋅ K R