DSKP Sains Tahun 5 SJKT

DRAF DSKP SAINS TAHUN 5 2014

DRAF

KURIKULUM STANDARD SEKOLAH

KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA

RENDAH
DOKUMEN STANDARD KURIKULUM DAN PENTAKSIRAN

BAGI SEKOLAH JENIS KEBANGSAAN TAMIL

SAINS

TAHUN LIMA


KURIKULUM STANDARD SEKOLAH RENDAH

DOKUMEN STANDARD KURIKULUM DAN PENTAKSIRAN
SAINS
TAHUN 5
B A H A G I A N PE M B A N G U N A N K U R I K U L U M


Cetakan Pertama 2014
© Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia
Hak Cipta Terpelihara. Tidak dibenarkan mengeluar ulang mana-mana bahagian artikel, ilustrasi dan isi kandungan buku ini
dalam apa juga bentuk dan dengan cara apa jua sama ada secara elektronik, fotokopi, mekanik, rakaman atau cara lain sebelum
mendapat kebenaran bertulis daripada Pengarah, Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Aras 4-
8, Blok E9, Parcel E, Kompleks Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, 62604 Putrajaya.


RUKUN NEGARA
Bahawasanya, Negara kita Malaysia mendukung cita-cita hendak: Mencapai perpaduan yang lebih erat di kalangan
seluruh masyarakatnya; memelihara cara hidup yang demokratik; mencipta satu masyarakat yang adil di mana
kemakmuran negara akan dinikmati secara adil dan saksama; menjamin satu cara yang liberal terhadap tradisi-tradisi
kebudayaannya yang kaya dan berbagai-bagai corak; membina satu masyarakat progresif yang akan menggunakan
sains dan teknologi moden;
Maka kami, rakyat Malaysia, berikrar akan menumpukan seluruh tenaga dan usaha kami untuk mencapai cita -cita
tersebut berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip berikut:
KEPERCAYAAN KEPADA TUHAN
KESETIAAN KEPADA RAJA DAN NEGARA
KELURUHAN PERLEMBANGAAN
KEDAULATAN UNDANG-UNDANG
KESOPANAN DAN KESUSILAAN


FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN KEBANGSAAN
Pendidikan di Malaysia adalah suatu usaha berterusan ke arah memperkembangkan lagi
potensi individu secara menyeluruh dan bersepadu untuk melahirkan insan yang seimbang dan
harmonis dari segi intelek, rohani, emosi dan jasmani berdasarkan kepercayaan dan kepatuhan
kepada Tuhan.Usaha ini adalah bagi melahirkan bangsa Malaysia yang berilmu pengetahuan,
berketerampilan, berakhlak mulia, bertanggungjawab dan berkeupayaan mencapai
kesejahteraan diri serta memberikan sumbangan terhadap keharmonian dan kemakmuran
keluarga, masyarakat dan negara.


FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN SAINS NEGARA
Selaras dengan Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan, pendidikan sains di Malaysia memupuk budaya Sains dan
Teknologi dengan memberi tumpuan kepada perkembangan individu yang kompetitif, dinamik, tangkas dan berdaya
tahan serta dapat menguasai ilmu sains dan keterampilan teknologi.


KANDUNGAN
Rukun Negara iii
Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan iv
Falsafah Pendidikan Sains Negara v
Kandungan vii
Pendahuluan 1
Matlamat 1
Objektif 1
Kemahiran Saintifik 2
Kemahiran Berfikir 3
Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) 5
Sikap Saintifik dan Nilai Murni 9
Elemen Merentas Kurikulum 10
Strategi Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran 11
Kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains 13
Kemahiran dan Nilai untuk Abad ke 21 15
Profil Murid 16
Organisasi Standard Kandungan Kurikulum Sains 17
Pentaksiran Sekolah 18


þஇ−Âயø: ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அÈற¢ிÓ¸கõ ‟ ‟ ‟

‟
‟ 1. ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாíÌò ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ 2. ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிý ‟Åவ¢ி¾த¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¸கû ‟ ‟
þஇ−Âயø: ‟¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÂயø ‟ ‟
‟ 3. ‟Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸க ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாíÌ ‟ ‟
‟ 4. ‟¾த¡ாÅவÃரí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸க ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாíÌ ‟ ‟
þஇ−Âயø: ‟þஇ−ÂயüÀப¢ிÂயø ‟ ‟
‟ 5. ‟ºசì¾த¢ி ‟ ‟
6. ‟´ஒªÇள¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸கû ‟
7. ‟Áம¢ிýºச¡ாÃரõ ‟
8. ‟¦ெÅவôÀபõ ‟
þஇ−Âயø: ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¢ிÂயø ‟ ‟
‟ 9. ‟ ‟ÀபÕô¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟ ‟
10. ‟¸க¡ாÊÔõ ‟¸க¡ாÃரÓõ ‟ ‟
þஇ−Âயø: ‟âÁம¢ிÔõ ‟«அñ¼ட ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயÖõ ‟ ‟
‟ 11. ‟âÁம¢ி, ‟¿ந¢ிÄல×, ‟ÝÃர¢ிÂயý ‟ ‟
‟ ‟
þஇ−Âயø: ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ி ø ‟ÑðÀபÓõ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ை ‟ÄலÂய¡ாÉன ‟Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸கÔõ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 12. ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிø ‟ÑðÀபõ ‟ ‟ ‟


Óäâj» ‟ ÌÈற¢ிÂய¢ிÁ~| ‟
‟ ‟
‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼டì¸கôÀபûªÇள¢ிÂய¢ிø ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ Àப¡ா¼டò¾த¢ிýÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கÙìÌ ‟ ¬ஆ÷Åவò¨ை¾த ‟
Áம§ேÄலºச¢ிÂயì ‟¸கøÅவ¢ிÂய¡ாÉனÐ ‟þஇ−¨ைÈற ‟¿நõÀப¢ிì¨ை¸க, ‟þஇ−¨ைÈறÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¿ந¢ிüÈறø ‟±எÛõ ‟ °ஊðÊ, ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸கò ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟ §ேÁமõÀபÎò¾த¢ி, ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாÔõ ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயô ‟ ÒÌò¾த¢ி, ‟
«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¡ாüÈறø, ‟ ¬ஆýÁம£ீ¸கõ, ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇளõ, ‟ ¯ˉஉ¼டø ‟ ¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂய¨ைÅவ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறÛ¼டý, ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ºச¡ா÷ó¾த ‟ ¸கÕòÐ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟
´ஒýÈற¢ி¨ை½ணóÐ, ‟ ºசÁமý¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÔõ ‟ þஇ−¨ைÂயÔõ ‟ ¦ெÀபÈற ‟ ¾தÉன¢ி ‟ ÁமÉன¢ி¾தÃர¢ிý ‟ ¬ஆüÈற¨ைÄல ‟ ¿நý¦ெÉனÈற¢ிô ‟ÀபñÒ¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டìÌ¾தø ‟þஇ−¾தý ‟þஇ−Äலì¸க¡ாÌõ. ‟
ÓØ¨ைÁமÂய¡ா¸க ‟ §ேÁமõÀபÎòÐõ ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ ‟ ÓÂயüºச¢ிÂய¡ாÌõ. ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ ‟
«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¸க¨ைÄலò¾த¢ிð¼டõ ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼டì¸க, ‟ þஇ−¨ை¼ட¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟
ÀபûªÇள¢ி¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ ÓØ¨ைÁமô¦ெÀபüÈற ‟ ‟¬ஆýÁம¡ா¨ைÅவ ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌõ ‟§ே¿ந¡ாì¸கò¨ை¾தì ‟
‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாñ¼ட¾த¡ாÌõ. ‟ §ே¿ந¡ா~y´ ‟
‟ ‟
¾தÃர ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¸க¨ைÄலò¾த¢ிð¼டò¾த¢ிø ‟ Àப¢ிÃர¾த¡ாÉன ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¸க¨ைÄலò¾த¢ிð¼டò¾த¢ிø ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼டì¸கô ‟
«அÊôÀப¨ை¼ட ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயÄல¢ிø ‟ ãýÚ ‟ Àப¡ா¼டí¸கÙõ, ‟ §ேÁமÖõ ‟ ¿ந¡ாýÌ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ÀபûªÇள¢ி¸கÙì¸க¡ாÉன ‟n»b´ÀபÊÅவ ‟§ே¿ந¡ாì¸கÁம¡ாÉனÐ; ‟
Àப¡ா¼டí¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟¦ெ¾தÃர¢ி× ‟¦ெºசö¾தÖõ ‟«அ¼டíÌõ. ‟Àப¢ிÃர¾த¡ாÉன ‟«அÊôÀப¨ை¼ட ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ‟
Àப¡ா¼டõ ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼டì¸கôÀபûªÇள¢ிÂய¢ிÖõ ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ி× ‟ ¦ெºசöÔõ ‟ ¿ந¡ாýÌ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ 1. Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ¾தõ¨ைÁமî ‟ ÍüÈற¢ிÔûªÇள ‟ ¯ˉஉÄல¨ை¸கô ‟ ÀபüÈற¢ி ‟ «அÈற¢ிóÐ ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟
Àப¡ா¼டí¸கªÇள¡ாÉன ‟ ¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÂயø; ‟ §ேÅவ¾த¢ிÂயø; ‟ þஇ−ÂயüÀப¢ிÂயø; ‟ ÜÎ¾தø ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¬ஆüÈற¨ைÄல ‟ÅவªÇள÷ò¾தø. ‟
Àப¡ா¼டí¸கû ‟þஇ−¨ை¼ட¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ÀபûªÇள¢ி¸கªÇள¢ிÖõ ‟¯ˉஉÂய÷¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ÀபûªÇள¢ி¸கªÇள¢ிÖõ ‟«அ¼டíÌõ. ‟ 2. Áம¡ா½ணÅவÃர¢ிý ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¦ெºசÂயø¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟ ¬ஆì¸கî ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¬ஆö×î ‟
‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன¨ைÂய ‟ÅவªÇள÷ôÀப¾தüÌ ‟Åவ¡ாöôÒ¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
Àப¢ிÃர¾த¡ாÉன ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼ட ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ Àப¡ா¼டÁம¡ாÉனÐ ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼டì¸க ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ 3. Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸கò¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟§ேÁமõÀபÎò¾தø. ‟
þஇ−¨ை¼ட¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ ÀபûªÇள¢ி¸கÙìÌ ‟ ²ஏüÈறÅவ¡ாÚ ‟ ÅவÊÅவ¨ைÁமòÐ ‟ ÅவÄல¢ிÔÚòÐÅவ¾தý ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ 4. «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¸கÕòÐÕ¨ைÅவÔõ ‟ «அ¾தý ‟ ¯ˉஉñ¨ைÁம ‟ ÜüÚ¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟
Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟ «அÈற¢ி¨ைÅவÔõ ‟ ÒÃர¢ிóÐ½ண÷¨ைÅவÔõ ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟¦ெ¾தªÇள¢ிÅவ¡ா¸க ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளí¸க¢ிì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø. ‟
«அÈற¢ி×ì ‟ ¸கñ¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறó¾த¢ி¼டø ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ þஇ−Ð ‟ «அÅவ÷¸கû ‟ §ேÁமø¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிø ‟ 5. ¬ஆö× ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¬ஆì¸கò ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉனì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎò¾தø; ‟
«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂய¨ைÄல ‟ ±எ¾த¢ி÷¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟ ¾தÂய¡ா÷ôÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ¬ஆÌõ. ‟ Àப¢ிÃர¾த¡ாÉன ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼ட ‟ Àப¢ிÃரîºச¨ைÉன¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟¸க¨ைªÇள¾தø. ‟ ‟
«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¯ˉஉÂய÷¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ ÀபûªÇள¢ிÂய¢ிø ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ «அÈற¢ி×ì ‟ ¸கñ¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟ 6. «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ÀபñÒ¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟Åவ¢ி¨ை¾தò¾தÖõ ‟«அÁமøÀபÎòÐ¾தÖõ. ‟
¾த¢ிÈறóÐ, ‟ ¬ஆì¸கò¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ «அòÐ¼டý ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ Ð¨ைÈற¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟ ¾தí¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ 7. þஇ−Âயü¨ை¸க¨ைÂய ‟§ே¿நºச¢ிòÐ ‟Àப¡ாÐ¸க¡ாôÀப¾தý ‟«அÅவºச¢ிÂயò¨ை¾த ‟¯ˉஉ½ண÷¾தø. ‟ ‟ ‟
®ஈÎÀபÎòÐÅவ¾தüÌ ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ ÅவÌìÌõ. ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ி× ‟ ¦ெºசöÔõ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ‟ Àப¡ா¼டò¾த¢ிý ‟ ‟
ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¬ஆüÈற¨ைÄல ‟ Åவ¢ிÃர¢ி×ÀபÎò¾த¢ி, ‟ ¬ஆ÷Åவò¨ை¾த ‟ ²ஏüÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ‟
¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÁம¨ைÂய ‟ ÅவªÇள÷òÐ, ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிø ‟ ÑðÀப ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ Ð¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟ ¾தõ¨ைÁம ‟ ‟
®ஈÎÀபÎò¾தø ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ ±எ¾த¢ி÷¸க¡ாÄலò¾த¢ிø ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ,¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀப, ‟ ÁமÉன¢ி¾தÅவªÇள ‟ ‟
Ð¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟ þஇ−ó¾த ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷óÐ ‟ ¾தÁமÐ ‟ Àபí¸க¢ி¨ைÉன ‟ ¬ஆüÈற ‟ þஇ−Ð ‟ ‟
ÅவÆழ¢ிÅவÌìÌõ. ‟ ‟ ‟
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‟ ¦ெÀப¡ா Çbßy¾¢jp¾Çb~|Æ. ‟
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‟ ‟ mºjÇ¢°hµÆ©¢ Æ. ‟
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hÇÔ¶ÇÞ|´©ÁÈl|²jÙyjÓ~jyµbÖÇÀ. ‟ ‟ ‟
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jyÈjß¢Ùärß®©Ç lÚÈµÆm»bº¶Æ¯bÇÀyØ ‟
pÆpÜ®¬yjÓ®©µä©¢ ´Ùßb|´ . ‟ ¨ை¸கÅவ¢ி¨ைÉனò ‟¾த¢ிÈறÉன¡ா¸க ‟ ¨jßÈ¹y´rä© ©ÆÇjy©yjÓ~hybpµÀ¨
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‟ m~y¨jß¸´p ØÓ~z¸ØÓ . ‟ ¨jßÈ¹y´¨jß
hµÞ©bzänÜnÁ~yb|´. ‟
x lÚÈµÆ¦ெÀப¡ா¾yjÓ²jÙµby®©µä©¢ Æ. ‟
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x lÚÈµÆ¦ெÀப¡ா¾yjÓ²jÙµbyÊ´©b yb®©byÊ´jÇ¢Æ. ‟
mºÊ¨jß ‟
x lÚÈµÆ¦ெÀப¡ா¾yjÓ¼µbß²jÙ¶Æ¢®©¢ Æ. ‟
‟
x p¶¾ØÓ,p¶»ÞÙ ¦ெÀப¡ா¾yjÓ²jÙµbyÊ´©b yb®©byÊ´
mºÊ¨jßjµuµÜÈÓ~yyØªäÇ¾¯bÜ: ‟
jyµbÖÆ. ‟
‟
x p¶¼ß´, ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ா¾Ø¯ÞÜ´lÚÈµÆ ¦ெÀப¡ா¾ØyjÓ²jÙµby ¦ெÀப¡ா¾Ôä ¦ெÀப¡ா¾ÔäÇjy , ‟ äj¯, ‟ »´, ‟
Çj»Æ. ‟ äj¯jµ m»ºÆ ‟ mb»®ÀÇy¾¢ ¾mzµÇ üjÙ
‟ ljµbÓýbÆ. ‟
¨jß¢ Ùä ‟ ‟
‟ ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம ‟§ேÅவüÚ¨ைÁம ‟ mb»®ÀÇy¾¢ ¾lÆÁ
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pÊzÙ .¯iÁµ~yÆÈ¢ òä §ே¿ந¡ா~y¢ÆuäÜ . ‟ ‟
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‟ Çjyô©¢ Ä´ ‟ Çjy, ‟ äj¯, ‟ »´mzµÇÞÚÞiyÞ©
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‟ sÞ© Ç¼j ²~zµ¢ Ç¢Þ|sÞÙÇbÜ
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©bÀ®©bÀ. ‟ m~y®ÀÇ¯by¨~|ú¾Ç §ேÃர ‟ pµÀÿÞ©ßb py¾¢j®¬¼¨ ¤yÒjÇÈÇ¼¢Æ. ‟


¸கÕòÐ¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¢ி¸கú¨ைÅவô ‟ ÀபüÈற¢ிÂய ‟ ºச¡ா¾த¸கÁம¡ாÉன ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ ¸கüÀப¨ைÉன ‟ ´ஒý¨ைÈற ‟ÁமÉன§ேÅவ¡ாð¼டÅவ¨ைÃரÂய¢ிø ‟
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‟ ‟ ¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂய¨ைÅவ ‟¯ˉஉ½ண÷¾தø ‟
¯®ªÆ ‟ u¾hµÂä£äj¯j¯yjÓ î ‟ ‟
bäÜyÔä j¸äy¢Æ ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÌò¾த¢ி¨ை½ணò¾தø ‟ þஇ−ÃரñÎ ‟ ¦ெÅவù§ேÅவÚ ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
‟ ´ஒýÈற¢ி¨ை½ணòÐ, ‟ Åவ¨ைÃரÀப¼டõ, ‟
²¦ெÅவÎò¾தø ‟ y¾ ìyjÓ¢ j~ ¦ெ¸க¡ா ±எØòÐôÀப¨ை¼டôÒ, ‟ ¦ெºசÂயü¨ை¸க ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕð¸கû ‟
mÃர¡ாº¶ä ‟²ÈjßpÜ®©¢ Æ ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟¦ெÅவªÇள¢ிôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
‟ ‟
m~y¨jß ‟ y¾ §ே¸க¡ாû ‟ ¯bÚyÖ~zj¶Ábß ¦ெ¾த¡ாÀj©
‟ p¾Çb~|Æ ‟ ÈÓ~z ¦ெÀப¡ா Çbßy¾¢j
m~y¨jß¶äÈÓ~y´ªäÇ¾¯bÜ: ‟ p¾Çb~|Æ ‟
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¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø ‟ p¾Çb~|Æ. ‟ ´ஒý¨ைÈறî ‟ ÍÄலÀப¡ாÉன ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟
‟ «அÏÌÅவ¾தüÌ ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ி¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟
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¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ ÀபÎòÐõ ‟ §ேÀப¡ாÐ, ‟ «அÅவüÈற¢ிý ‟ þஇ−ÂயøÒ¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
«அ¨ைÁமô¨ைÀபÔõ ‟ ÅவÊÅவ¨ைÁமô¨ைÀபÔõ ‟ ‟
¸கñÎÀப¢ிÊò¾தø ‟ p¾Çb~|Æ ‟ Àப¢ிÃரîºச¨ைÉன¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟ ¾த¢ிð¼டÁம¢ிðÎì ‟
‟ ¸க¨ைªÇளÅவ¾தüÌô ‟ ÒÐ¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉன ‟ ´ஒý¨ைÈற ‟
qz¢Æ ‟ pÞÜ §ே¿ந¡ா~|ÂäÇÎ ¦ெÀப¡ா¾Ø ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸கõ ‟¦ெºசö¾தø ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟²ஏü¸கÉன§ேÅவ ‟
lÆÁ ¤yÒjÇ®©ÞÚ²hÇ¢Æ . ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¨ை¾த ‟Áம¡ாüÈற¢ி ‟«அ¨ைÁமò¾தø. ‟
n´²Çbß ¼lÆÁ ÇÙby
lj¯µÁb´. ‟ ‟ pµÀ¤jÁî ‟¨jßÙä
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lâ¯bà¢Æ ‟ pÞÜ§ே¿ந¡ா~|Æ,²älâ©Ç´lÆÁ §ே¾தºச¢ிÂயì ‟ ¸க¨ைÄலò¾த¢ிð¼டÁம¡ாÉனÐ ‟ ºசÁமý¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல, ‟ ¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ி ‟ ÁமÉனôÀப¡ாý¨ைÁம, ‟
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¤yÒjÇlâ¯bà¢Æ. ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟ þஇ−¨ை½ணóÐ ‟ ¦ெºசÂயÄல¡ாüÚõ ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂய ‟
‟ ‟ ÀபñÒ¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñ¼ட ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ¨ைÉன ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌõ ‟ þஇ−Äலì¨ை¸கì ‟
h©b j¯®©¢ Æ ‟ ºச¡ாýÚ¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ ¯ˉஉüÚ ‟ §ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÄல¢ிý ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎûªÇளÐ. ‟ Áம§ேÄலºச¢ிÂயì ‟ ¸கøÅவ¢ி ‟ §ேÁமõÀப¡ாðÎô ‟ ¦ெÀபÕó¾த¢ிð¼டò¾த¢ிø ‟
‟ ¾த¸கÅவø¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟ ¾த¢ிÃரðÊ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐÅவ¡ாÉன ‟ Åவ¨ைÃரÂயÚì¸கôÀபðÎûªÇள ‟ ¾த¨ைÄல¨ைÁமòÐÅவò¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟ þஇ−Õ¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ி ‟ ¬ஆüÈறø, ‟
¸கÕò¨ை¾த ‟¦ெÅவªÇள¢ிôÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ¬ஆýÁம£ீ¸கÓõ ‟ ¦ெ¿நÈற¢ிÔõ, ‟ ºசã¸க ‟ «அ¨ை¼டÂய¡ாªÇளõ, ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¡ாüÈறø, ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈறý ‟
‟ ¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂய ‟¬ஆÚ ‟þஇ−ÄலìÌ¸கÙõ ‟¯ˉஉÄல¸க ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ºசÅவ¡ாø¸க¨ைªÇள ‟±எ¾த¢ி÷¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟
‟ ‟


´ஒù¦ெÅவ¡ாÕ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவÛõ ‟ ¦ெÀபüÈற¢ிÕì¸க ‟ §ேÅவñÊÂய ‟ 21¬ஆõ ‟ áüÈற¡ாñÊý ‟ þஇ−ó¾தò ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ´ஒù¦ெÅவ¡ாÕ ‟ Àப¡ா¼டì¸க¨ைÄலò¾த¢ிð¼டò¾த¢ிÖõ ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ி¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¡ா¸க ‟
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‟ ºச¢ிì¸கÖìÌò ‟ ¾த£ீ÷×¸க¡ாÏ¾தø ‟ ¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂய ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¸கûÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ ¯ˉஉÂய÷¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலî ‟
1994¬ஆõ ‟¬ஆñÎ ‟ ¬ஆì¸க, ‟¬ஆö×îºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன¨ைÂய ‟ «அÈற¢ிÓ¸கôÀபÎò¾த¢ிÂய¾த¢ிÄல¢ிÕó§ே¾த ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன¨ைÂய ‟ ÅவÌôÀப¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிì¸கÄல¡ாõ. ‟ ÁமÉன§ேÅவ¡ாð¼டÅவ¨ைÃர, ‟ ¯ˉஉÂய÷¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலî ‟
¿நÁமÐ ‟ ¸க¨ைÄலò¾த¢ிð¼டò¾த¢ிø ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ÅவÄல¢ிÔÚò¾தôÀபðÎ ‟ ÅவóÐûªÇளÐ. ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனì ‟ §ே¸கûÅவ¢ி ‟ §ேÀப¡ாýÈறÅவü¨ைÈற ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷¸கÙõ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கÙõ ‟
ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனì¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸கªÇள¡ா¸கô ‟ ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟ ÅவªÇள÷ò¾தø ‟
«அ¾தý ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷îºச¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟ ¯ˉஉÂய÷¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலî ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ 2011¬ஆõ ‟ ¬ஆñÎ ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ¾தí¸கÙ¨ை¼டÂய ‟ ¸கüÈறÖìÌò ‟ ¾த¡ா§ேÁம ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÚô§ேÀபü¸க ‟
«அÈற¢ிÓ¸கôÀபÎò¾தôÀபð¼ட ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ ¸க¨ைÄலò¾த¢ிð¼டò¾த¢ிø ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ ‟±எýÈற ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன¨ைÂயÔõ ‟¯ˉஉ½ண÷òÐ¾தø ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟
§ேºச÷ì¸கôÀபðÎûªÇளÐ. ‟ ‟ ‟
ºச¢ிó¾த¢ிìÌõ ‟Åவ¢ிä¸கõ ‟
«அÈற¢ி×, ‟¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟ÀபñÒ ‟¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂயÅவü¨ைÈற ‟«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¡ா¸கì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ºச£ீ÷òàì¸க¢ிô ‟ ‟
Àப¡ா÷òÐ ‟ Áம£ீðÎ½ண÷¾தøÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ ºச¢ிì¸க¨ைÄலì ‟ ¸க¨ைªÇள¾தø, ‟ ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎò¾தø, ‟ Òò¾த¡ாì¸கî ‟ ´ஒù¦ெÅவ¡ாÕ ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¢ிìÌõ ‟Åவ¢ிä¸கò¾த¢ிý ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளì¸கí¸கû ‟Àப¢ிýÅவÕÁம¡ாÚ ‟
ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனÔ¼டý ‟ ´ஒý¨ைÈற ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø ‟ ¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂய¨ைÅவ§ேÂய ‟ ¯ˉஉÂய÷¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலî ‟ ‟
ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன¸கªÇள¡ா¸கì ‟ ¸கÕ¾தôÀபÎ¸க¢ிýÈறÉன. ‟ ¯ˉஉÂய÷¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலî ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ¸கÕòÐÕÅவ¡ாì¸கõ ‟ ´ஒý¨ைÈறô ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐ¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉன ‟ ÓÊ×ìÌ ‟
Àப¢ிýÅவÕÅவÉனÅவü¨ைÈற ‟¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸க¢ிÔûªÇளÐ ‟: ‟ ¯ˉஉðÀபÎòÐ¨ை¸கÂய¢ிø ‟ «அ¾தý ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû, ‟
¸கÕòÐÕ, ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¸கõ, ‟ ºச¢ிÈறôÒ ‟ þஇ−ÂயøÒ¸கû ‟
pµÀ¤jÁî ‟ ¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂயÅவü¨ைÈறò ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ ÀபÎò¾த¢ிì ‟
ÈÓ~y´ ‟ ¸கñ¼டÈற¢ி¾தø ‟ ‟
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ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ «அÈற¢ி×, ‟¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟ÀபñÒ ‟¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂயÅவü¨ைÈறô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟ ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎò¾தø ‟ ºச¢ிÄல ‟ ÌÈற¢ிôÀப¢ிð¼டì ‟ ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟ÝÆழø¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟´ஒý¨ைÈறî ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¡ா¸கì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ºச¢ிÈறôÀப¡ாÉன ‟
¦ெºசö¾தø. ‟ Áம¡ாüÚÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ ÓÊÅவ¨ைÅவò ‟ §ே¾த÷ó¦ெ¾தÎòÐ ‟
Àப¢ிÃரîºச¨ைÉன¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ ¸க¨ைªÇளóÐ ‟ þஇ−Äலì¨ை¸க ‟
©|®©bº¾தø ‟ ¾த¸கÅவ¨ைÄலî ‟ºச¢ிÚ ‟ºச¢ிÚ ‟ÀபÌ¾த¢ி¸கªÇள¡ா¸கô ‟Àப¢ிÃர¢ிòÐ ‟ «அ¨ை¼டó¾த¢ி¼டø. ‟
«அò¾த¸கÅவ¨ைÄல ‟¬ஆÆழÁம¡ா¸கô ‟ÒÃர¢ிóÐ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÅவ§ே¾த¡ாÎ ‟ ‟
«அ¾தý ‟ÀபÌ¾த¢ி¸கÙì¸க¢ி¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷¨ைÀபÔõ ‟ Àப¢ிÃரîºச¨ைÉன¸கÙìÌò ‟ ºச¢ிì¸கÄல¡ாÉன ‟ ÝÆழ¨ைÄலì ‟ ¸க¨ைªÇளÅவ¾தüÌ ‟ Áம¢ி¸க×õ ‟
«அÈற¢ி¾தø. ‟ ¾த£ீ÷× ‟¸க¡ாÏ¾தø ‟ ÐøÄல¢ி¾தÁம¡ா¸கò ‟ ¾த¢ிð¼டÁம¢ிðÎ ‟ ÓÊ¨ைÅவ ‟
«அ¨ை¼ட¾தø. ‟
¯®Àப¢ிÎ¾தø ‟ «அÈற¢ி×, ‟«அÛÀபÅவõ, ‟¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟ÀபñÒ ‟¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂயÅவü¨ைÈறì ‟ ‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ºச£ீ÷òàì¸க¢ிô ‟Àப¡ா÷ò¾தø; ‟ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎò¾தø; ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன ‟ Åவ¢ிä¸கõ ‟ (KBSB) ‟ ÁமðÎÁம¢ிýÈற¢ி ‟
¸க¡ாÃர½ணìÜÚ ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉனÔõ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவÕìÌ ‟ ÅவÄல¢ிÔÚò¾தø ‟ «அÅவºச¢ிÂயõ. ‟
¿ந¢ிÂய¡ாÂயôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
þஇ−ò¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉனì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎìÌõ ‟ §ேÀப¡ாÐ ‟ ²ஏüÒìÌÃர¢ிÂய ‟
p¾Çb~|Æ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû, ‟²ஏ¼டø, ‟ÅவÆழ¢ிÓ¨ைÈற ‟¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂயÅவü¨ைÈற ‟¬ஆì¸க ‟ ¾த÷ì¸கÓõ ‟ Åவ¢ி§ேÅவ¸கÓõ ‟ ¿ந£ீ¾த¢ிÔõ ‟ ¿நÎ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÔõ ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டí¸க ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ ¬ஆì¸கî ‟
Òò¾த¡ாì¸கî ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன§ேÂய¡ாÎ ‟ ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன, ‟ ¬ஆö×îºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன, ‟ Åவ¢ிä¸கî ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன ‟ ¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂய¨ைÅவ ‟ ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟
¸க¡ாÃர½ணìÜü¨ைÈற ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ÷. ‟
«அð¼டÅவ¨ை½ண ‟1 ‟: ‟pµÀ¤jÁî ‟¨jß ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளì¸கõ ‟


Àப¼டõ ‟1 ‟: ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟ºச¢ிó¾தÉன¡ா ‟Ó¨ைÈற ‟ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயÄல¢ிø ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟ºச¢ிó¾தÉன¡ா ‟Ó¨ைÈற ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Àப¡ாÉன ‟ÜÎ¾தø ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟(KBSB) ‟ Åவ¢ிªÇளì¸கí¸கû ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ி¸க¡ாðÊ ‟ áÄல¢ிø ‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாÎì¸கôÀபðÎûªÇளÐ. ‟(Àப¡ா¼டò¾த¢ிð¼ட ‟§ேÁமõÀப¡ாðÎ ‟¨ைÁமÂயõ, ‟1999) ‟
‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟
‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறÛìÌõ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¦ெºசÂயø ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறÛìÌõ ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள ‟
‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟
‟ ¬ஆö× ‟ ¬ஆì¸கõ ‟
‟ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¦ெºசÂயø¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ±எýÀபÐ ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸க ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ Àப¢ிÃரîºச¢ி¨ைÉன¨ைÂய ‟
‟ x ¾தý¨ைÁம ÜÚ¾தø ¸க¡ாÃர½ணì x ²ஏ≤¼டø¸க∏¨ைÇள ¯உÕÅவ≈¡ாìÌ¾தø
¾த£ீ÷ôÀப¾தüÌ ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎôÀப¾தüÌ ‟ §ே¾த¨ைÅவôÀபÎõ ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறÉன¡ாÌõ. ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟
x ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம §ேோÅவ≈üÚ¨ைÁம ÜÚ x ¦ெொ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ÀபÎòÐ¾தø
‟ ¸க∏¡ா½Ωணø ¦ெºசÂயø¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ¬ஆì¸கî ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன, ‟ ¬ஆö×î ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன, ‟ ÀபÌò¾த¡ாö¾தø ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟
x °ஊ∞¸க∏¢ிò¾தø
‟ x ¾த¢ிÃர√ðÎ¾தø ÁமüÚõ x «அÛÁம¡ாÉன¢ிò¾தø Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÁம ‟ §ேÀப¡ாýÈறÅவü¨ைÈற ‟ àñ¼டÅவøÄல ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனìÌÃர¢ிÂய ‟ ¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாí¸க¡ாÌõ. ‟ ‟
‟ Åவ≈¨ை¸க∏ôÀபÎòÐ¾தø x ¸க∏ÕÐ§ேோ¸க∏¡ாû ¯உÕÅவ≈¡ாìÌ¾தø «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¦ெºசÂயø ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறÛ¼டý ‟ ²ஏüÒ¨ை¼டÂய ‟ «அÈற¢ி×õ ‟ ÀபñÒõ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷ ‟
x Åவ≈Ãர√¢ி¨ைºச∫ ÀபÎòÐ¾தø x ¦ெொ¾த¡ாÌò¾த¢ி¨ை½Ωணò¾தø
‟ x Óì¸க∏¢ிÂயòÐÅவ≈ò¾த¢ிüÌ ²ஏ≤üÀப ºச¢ிÈறôÀப¡ா¸கî ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¢ிôÀப¾தüÌÃர¢ிÂய ‟¾தÌ¾த¢ி¨ைÂய ‟«அ¨ை¼டÂய ‟¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிôÀபÎòÐ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟
x ¦ெொÀப¡ாÐ¨ைÁமÂய¡ாìÌ¾தø
‟ Åவ≈Ãர√¢ி¨ைºச∫ÀபÎòÐ¾தø x ¸க∏üÀப¨ைÉன ¯உÕÅவ≈¨ைÁமò¾தø ‟ ‟
‟ x ÀபÌôÀப¡ாö× x ´ஒôÒ¨ைÁம ¸க∏¡ாÉனø «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¦ெºசÂயø¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟ «அ¨ை¼டÅவ¾தüÌ ‟ ´ஒÕÅவ÷ ‟ ²ஏüÒ¨ை¼டÂய ‟
‟ xx Áம¾த¢ி
ÓÊ×
ôÀப¢ிÎ¾தø
x ¯உÕÅவ≈¡ாìÌ¾தø
ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟«அ¼டó¾த¢ிÕò¾தø ‟«அÅவºச¢ிÂயõ. ‟ ´ஒù¦ெÅவ¡ாÕ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟
‟ ¦ெºசÂயø ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறÛìÌõ ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò¨ை¼டÂய ‟ Ó¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ ºச¢ிó¾தÉனò¾த¢ிÈறý ‟
‟ Àப¢ிýÅவÕÅவÉனÅவ¡ாÌõ ‟: ‟ ‟
‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¢ிìÌõ Åவ¢ிä¸கõ
x ¸க∏ÕòÐÕ ¦ெொºச∫ö¾தø
‟
‟ x Àப¢ிÃர√îºச∫¨ைÉன¸க∏¨ைÇளì ¸க∏¨ைÇள¾தø ‟ ‟
‟ x ÓÊ¦ெொÅவ≈Îò¾தø «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀபíÌ ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟
‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
¸கüÈறø ‟¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÄல¢ிø ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟ºச¢ிó¾தÉன¡ா ‟Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂய ‟ (KBSB) ‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉüÚ ‟§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தø ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ÜÚ¾தø ‟
Àப¢ிýÅவÕõ ‟ÀபÊ¸கû ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ÅவÓ®©¢Áb´ ‟: ‟ ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம ‟§ேÅவüÚ¨ைÁம ‟¸க¡ா½ணø ‟
‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟
1. ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟ºச¢ிó¾தÉன¡ா ‟Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂய ‟«அÈற¢ிÓ¸கôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟ ‟
2. ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ºச¢ிó¾தÉன¡ா ‟ Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂய ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂயÃர¢ிý ‟ Åவ¨ை¸கôÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ÜÚ¾தø ‟
ÅவÆழ¢ி¸க¡ாðÊÔ¼டý ‟«அÁமøÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟ ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம ‟§ேÅவüÚ¨ைÁம ‟¸க¡ா½ணø ‟
3. ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ºச¢ிó¾தÉன¡ா ‟ Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂய ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂயÃர¢ிý ‟ ¾த¢ிÃரðÊ ‟Åவ¨ை¸கÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ‟
ÅவÆழ¢ி¸க¡ாðÊÂய¢ிýÈற¢ி ‟«அÁமøÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟ ‟
4. ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ºச¢ிó¾தÉன¡ா ‟ Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂய ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂயÃர¢ிý ‟ «அªÇள¦ெÅவÎò¾தÖõ ‟±எñ¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟
ÅவÆழ¢ி¸க¡ாð¼டÖ¼டý ‟Ò¾த¢ிÂய ‟ÝÆழÄல¢ிø ‟«அÁமøÀபÎòÐ¾தÖõ ‟§ேÁமõÀபÎòÐ¾தÖõ. ‟ ‟ ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐ¾தÖõ ‟ ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம ‟§ேÅவüÚ¨ைÁம ‟¸க¡ா½ணø ‟
5. ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ºச¢ிó¾தÉன¡ா ‟ Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂய ‟ ÁமüÈற ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý¸க§ேªÇள¡ாÎ ‟ ‟ ‟
þஇ−¨ை½ணòÐ ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன¨ைÂயò ‟àñÎõ ‟¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¸க¨ைªÇள ‟«அ¨ை¼ட¾தø. ‟ ‟


‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀபíÌ ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀபíÌ ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟
‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ¸கÕÐ§ே¸க¡ாû ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ÜÚ¾தø ‟
°ஊ¸க¢ிò¾தø ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ‟
´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம ‟§ேÅவüÚ¨ைÁம ‟¸க¡ா½ணø ‟ ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம ‟§ேÅவüÚ¨ைÁம ‟¸க¡ா½ணø ‟
ÀபÌôÀப¡ாö¾தø ‟ ²ஏ¼டø¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø ‟
°ஊ¸க¢ிò¾தø ‟ ¸கÕÐ§ே¸க¡ாû ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø ‟
‟ °ஊ¸க¢ிò¾தø ‟
«அÛÁம¡ாÉன¢ிò¾தø ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ÀபÌôÀப¡ாö¾தø ‟
¸கüÀப¨ைÉன ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÁமò¾தø ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ÀபÃர¢ி§ேºச¡ா¾த¨ைÉன ‟¦ெºசö¾தø ‟ «அ¨ைÉனòÐ ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன ‟¾த¢ிÈறý¸கû ‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇளªÇளÅவ¢ிüÌõ ‟¸க¡ாÄல ‟ ÅவÃர¢ி¨ைºச ‟ÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ‟ ‟
«அªÇளÅவ¢ிüÌõ ‟¯ˉஉûªÇள ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷¨ைÀபô ‟ Óì¸க¢ிÂயòÐÅவò¾த¢ிü§ே¸கüÀப ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø ‟ «அ¨ைÉனòÐ ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன ‟¾த¢ிÈறý¸கû ‟
ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ÅவÃர¢ி¨ைºசÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟
¾த¸கÅவø¸க¨ைªÇள ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø ‟ ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம ‟§ேÅவüÚ¨ைÁம ‟¸க¡ா½ணø ‟
ÀபÌôÀப¡ாö¾தø ‟
«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¡ா¸கì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñ¼ட ‟¸கüÈறø ‟¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟
y¾¢ yjÓ~yÚÆ ‟ ‟
ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎò¾தø ‟ ‟ Àப¡ா¼டò¾த¢ிð¼ட ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளì¸க×¨ைÃரÂய¡ாÉனÐ ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟
´ஒðÎ¦ெÁம¡ாò¾த ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÌôÀப¡ாì¸கõ ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¡ா¸கì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñ¼ட ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕÙ½ண÷óÐ ‟ ¸கüÈற¨ைÄல ‟
Áம¾த¢ிôÀப¢ிÎ¾தø ‟ ÅவÄல¢ிÔÚòÐ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ þஇ−ì¸க¨ைÄலò ‟ ¾த¢ிð¼டò¾த¢ிø ‟ ¾தÃரÁம¡ாÉன ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ±எýÀபÐ ‟
‟ ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉனÔõ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉனÔõ ‟ ´ஒÕí¸க¢ி¨ை½ணòÐ ‟
¦ெºசÂயø¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟Åவ¨ைÃரÂய¨ைÈற ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ‟ ‟ ±எØ¾தôÀபð¼ட§ே¾தÂய¡ாÌõ. ‟ ¬ஆ¸க§ேÅவ, ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÄல¢ிø ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷ ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
´ஒôÒ¨ைÁம ‟¸க¡ா½ணø ‟ ´ஒÕí¸க¢ி¨ை½ணòÐ ‟ §ேÀப¡ா¾த¢ிôÀபÐ¼டý ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கÙìÌ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟
¸கüÀப¨ைÉன ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÁமò¾தø ‟ ÀபñÒìÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟¿நý¦ெÉனÈற¢ி ‟ÀபñÒìÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ÒÌò¾த ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ ‟
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Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¿ந¢ி÷½ணÂய¢ிò¾தø ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ÜÚ¾தø ‟
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ÁமüÚõ ‟ÅவÌôÀப¨ைÈற¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟¸கüÈறø ‟¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கì¸க¡ா¸கò ‟¾த¢ிð¼டÁம¢ி¼டø ‟


x ¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிø ‟ÑðÀபõ ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Àப¡ா¸கì ‟¸கüÈறø. ‟ ÓÊ¨ைÅவ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ÀபÃர¢ி§ேºச¡ா¾த¨ைÉனÂய¢ிý ‟ ãÄலõ ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாöóÐ ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ிóÐ ‟
x ¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிø ‟ÑðÀபõ ‟ÅவÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸கì ‟¸கüÈறø. ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûÅவ÷. ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ¸கñ¼டÈற¢ி ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟ ¸கÕòÐÕ¨ைÅவ ‟ Åவ¢ிªÇளí¸க¢ிì ‟
x ¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிø ‟ÑðÀபò¨ை¾தì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟¸கüÈறø ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷ ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி¸க¡ாð¼ட ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟þஇ−¾தý ‟ãÄலõ ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனò ‟¾த¢ிÈறÛõ ‟
«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறÛõ ‟ ÅவªÇள÷ì¸கôÀபÎ¸க¢ிýÈறÉன. ‟ þஇ−ÕôÀப¢ிÛõ ‟ ±எøÄல¡ா ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟
‟
¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟ ¦ெºசÂயøÓ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிÖõ ‟ ¸கñ¼டÈற¢ி ‟ Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂயô ‟ ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐÅவÐ ‟
¸கüÈறø ‟¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟«அÏÌÓ¨ைÈற ‟ ²ஏÐÅவ¡ா¸க ‟ «அ¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÐ. ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟ ¸கÕòÐÕ¨ைÅவÔõ ‟
‟ §ே¸க¡ாðÀப¡ாð¨ை¼டÔõ ‟ §ே¿நÃரÊÂய¡ா¸க§ேÅவ¡ா ‟ ¸கñ¼டÈற¢ி ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸க§ேÅவ¡ா ‟
‟ ¦ெÅவªÇள¢ிôÀபÎò¾தÄல¡ாõ. ‟
‟
Åவ¢ிä¸க ‟ ¸கüÈறø, ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÄல¢ிø ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟ Àப¾த¢ிó¾த ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾த¨ைÄல ‟
Ó¾தý¨ைÁமÂய¡ா¸கì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎûªÇளÐ ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¸கðÎÅவ¢ிÂயõ ‟
‟
¸க¨ைÄலò¾த¢ிð¼டõ. ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟ Àப¾த¢ிó¾த ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟ ±எýÀபÐ ‟ ´ஒý¨ைÈறô ‟ ¦ெÀபÚÅவ¾தý ‟
¸கðÎÅவ¢ிÂயõ ‟ ±எýÀபÐ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ÍÂயÁம¡ா¸க ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕÙ½ண÷óÐ ‟ ÒÃர¢ிóÐ ‟
¦ெºசöÓ¨ைÈறÂய¡ாì¸கÓõ ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟ «அ¨ை¼டó¾த¢ி¼டÖõ ‟ «அ¾தýÅவÆழ¢ி, ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø ‟¬ஆÌõ. ‟
¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟ «அÈற¢ி¨ைÅவ ‟ ¯ˉஉÂய÷¾தÃரò¾த¢ிø ‟ §ேÁமõÀபÎò¾தø ‟ ¬ஆÌõ. ‟ þஇ−ì¸கüÈறÄல¢ிø ‟
þஇ−¾தý ‟Óì¸க¢ிÂயì ‟ÜÚ¸கû: ‟
¿ந¼டò¾தôÀபÎõ ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¸கû ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ¬ஆö×, ‟ ¬ஆì¸கî ‟ ‟
ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனìÌò ‟àñ¼டÄல¡ா¸க ‟«அ¨ைÁமó¾த¢ி¼ட ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ ‟ x ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ÓýÉனÈற¢ி¨ைÅவì ‟ ¸கÕò¾த¢ிø ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟
Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ி¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிø ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¢ிìÌõ ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉனÔõ ‟¦ெºசÂயøÀபÎòÐõ ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ. ‟
¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉனÔõ ‟¸கüÈறÄல¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ÷. ‟Àப¢ிÃரîºச¨ைÉன¸கÙìÌ¾த ‟¾த£ீ÷×ì ‟¸க¡ாÏ¾த¨ைÄல ‟
x ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟±எýÀபÐ ‟Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÍÂயÓÂயüºச¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟þஇ−ÕìÌõ. ‟
Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷ ‟ ¬ஆö×, ‟ ¬ஆì¸கî ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன¨ைÂயì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ¸க¨ைªÇளÅவ÷. ‟
x Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ¬ஆÃரõÀப ‟ ²ஏ¼ட¨ைÄல ‟ Ò¾த¢ிÂய ‟ ²ஏ¼டÖ¼டý ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ ÀபÎòÐõ ‟
Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ ÍÚÍÚôÀப¡ா¸க ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÄல¢ிø ‟ þஇ−ÂயíÌÅவ¾தüÌ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟
¦ெÀப¡ாØÐ ‟¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟¿ந¨ை¼ட¦ெÀபÚ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟
«அÈற¢ி×¼டý ‟ ¦ெºசöÓ¨ைÈறÂய¡ாì¸க ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉனÔõ ‟ ¦ெÀபüÚ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟ ÒÌò¾த¢ி, ‟ ¿நý¦ெÉனÈற¢ி ‟ ÀபñÒìÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ þஇ−¨ை½ணò¾தø ‟ x ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁமÂய¡ா¸க ‟²ஏ¼டø¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟«அÛÀபÅவí¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟Àப¸க¢ி÷óÐ ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன ‟
§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟ Àப¾த¢ிò¾த ‟ ¸கüÈற¨ைÄலì ‟ ¸கñ¼டÈற¢ி¾தø ‟ Ó¨ைÈற ‟ , ‟ ¸கð¼ட¨ைÁமôÒ ‟ Áம£ீðºச¢ி ‟¦ெºசöÂய ‟ÅவÆழ¢ிÅவÌì¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟
‟
Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÁம, ‟ ÝÆழÄல¨ைÁம×, ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறôÀப¼டì ‟ ¸கüÈறø, ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø, ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀப ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø, ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀப, ‟ ºசÓ¾த¡ாÂய ‟ «அÏÌÓ¨ைÈற¸கû ‟ ‟
ºசÓ¾த¡ாÂய ‟«அÏÌÓ¨ைÈற¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟þஇ−Äலì¨ை¸க ‟«அ¨ை¼டó¾த¢ி¼டø ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ (STM) ‟
‟
‟
‟
¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟ Àப¾த¢ிò¾த ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¿ந¨ை¼ட¦ெÀபÚÅவ¾தüÌ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ¸கüÈற¨ை¾த ‟
«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟¸கüÈறø ‟¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟«அÏÌÓ¨ைÈற ‟ ¾தÁமÐ ‟ «அýÈற¡ா¼ட ‟ Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸கÔ¼டý ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ÒÀபÎò¾தø ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ.þஇ−ùÅவ¨ை¸கì ‟
‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¸கð¼ட¨ைÁமôÒ ‟ Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÁம, ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø, ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀப, ‟ ºசÓ¾த¡ாÂய ‟
¸கñ¼டÈற¢ி ‟Ó¨ைÈற ‟ «அÏÌÓ¨ைÈற¨ைÁம¨ைÂயô ‟ ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾தø ‟ «அÅவºச¢ிÂயõ. ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟
‟ ¸க¨ைÄலò¾த¢ிð¼டò¾த¢ிø ‟ ¸கÕ×õ ‟ §ே¿ந¡ாì¸கÓõ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀப, ‟ ºசÓ¾த¡ாÂயì ‟
¸கñ¼டÈற¢ி ‟ Ó¨ைÈற ‟ «அÛÀபÅவ ‟ ¸கøÅவ¢ிìÌ ‟ ÓýÛÃர¢ி¨ைÁம ‟ ÅவÆழíÌõ ‟ ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇள ‟«அ¼டì¸க¢ிÔûªÇளÐ. ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø, ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀப ‟ºசÓ¾த¡ாÂய ‟«அÏÌÓ¨ைÈற ‟
Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ாÌõ. ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø ‟ ¾த¢ிÃரðÎ¾தø, ‟ Åவ¢ிÉன×¾தø,´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¢ி¸கú¨ைÅவ ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö¾தø ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¸கüÈறÄல¢ிø ‟ ÅவÕõ ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாöîºச¢ி, ‟ ¸கÄலóÐ¨ைÃரÂய¡ா¼டø ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø, ‟
±எýÀபÐ ‟ ¸கñ¼டÈற¢ி ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ாÌõ. ‟ ¸கñ¼டÈற¢ி ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟ Åவ¢ிÉன×¾தø ‟ Óì¸க¢ிÂய ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀப ‟ ºசÓ¾த¡ாÂயì ‟ ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ §ேÁமü§ே¸க¡ாªÇள¡ா¸க ‟ «அ¨ைÁமÂயô¦ெÀபüÈற¢ிÕò¾தø ‟
ÜÈற¡ாÌõ. ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ÍÂயÁம¡ா¸கì ‟ ¸கÕòÐÕ, ‟ §ே¸க¡ாðÀப¡ாð¨ை¼ட ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாÔõ ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¦ெºசÂயÄல¡ாì¸கò¾த¢ிÉன¡ாø ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø, ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀப ‟
§ேÀப¡ாÐ ‟¸கñ¼டÈற¢ி ‟ Ó¨ைÈற ‟¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟¿ந¨ை¼ட¦ெÀபÚ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú¨ைÅவô ‟ÀபüÈற¢ிÂய ‟


«அÈற¢ி¨ைÅவô ‟ ¦ெÀபüÚ ‟ ºசÓ¾த¡ாÂய ‟ ¿ந¨ை¼டÓ¨ைÈற ‟ Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸கÂய¢ிø ‟ «அ¾த¨ைÉனô ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟ ÀபñÒ ‟ §ேÀப¡ாýÈறÅவü¨ைÈறì ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிì¸க ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ிÅவÌì¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟
ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾தø ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¸கû ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ ¸க¨ைÄலò ‟ ¾த¢ிð¼ட ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கõ, ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟
‟ «அÈற¢ி×, ‟ ¸க¢ி¨ை¼டì¸கôÀபÎõ ‟ ãÄலí¸கû ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ þஇ−ÕìÌõ ‟ Åவºச¾த¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
ÝÆழÄல¨ைÁம×ì ‟¸கüÈறø ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¡ா¸கì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ¿ந¢ி÷½ணÂய¢ிì¸கô ‟ ÀபÎ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ ¸கøÅவ¢ி ‟ «அÈற¢ி¨ைÅவ ‟
‟ ÅவÆழíÌõ ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂயÃர¡ா¸க×õ ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÄல¢ிø ‟ ¿ந¢ிÒ½ணÃர¡ா¸க×õ ‟ ÁமðÎÁம¢ிýÈற¢ி ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷ ‟
ÝÆழø ‟ «அ¨ைÁம×ì ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ±எÉனôÀபÎÅவÐ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவÃர¢ிý ‟ «அýÈற¡ா¼ட ‟ ±எýÀபÅவ÷ ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÄல¢ிø ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ி¿ந¼டòÐÉனÃர¡ா¸க×õ ‟ ‟ þஇ−Õì¸க ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ. ‟
Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸க ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÔ¼டý ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò¨ை¼டÂய¾த¡ாÌõ. ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ þஇ−ó¾த ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ÀபÄல¾தÃரôÀபð¼ட ‟ ¬ஆüÈற¨ைÄலì ‟ ¸கÕò¾த¢ிø ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷ ‟
«அÏÌÓ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟ ¸கñ¼டÈற¢ி ‟ «அÏÌÓ¨ைÈற ‟ §ேÀப¡ாýÚ ‟ ¬ஆöÅவ¢ிý ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟¾த¢ிð¼டÁம¢ி¼டø ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟Àப¢ிýÅவÕÀப¨ைÅவ ‟ÌÈற¢ிôÀப¢ிð¼ட ‟
¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¸க¨ைªÇள ‟§ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûÅவ÷. ‟ÝÆழø ‟«அ¨ைÁம×ì ‟¸கüÈறÄல¢ிø ‟¸கüÀப¢ிì¸கôÀபÎõ ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÍÕì¸கÁம¡ாÉன ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளì¸கÁம¡ாÌõ:. ‟ ‟
¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கò¾த¢ிüÌõ ‟ «அýÈற¡ா¼ட ‟ Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸க ‟ Ó¨ைÈறìÌõ ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ ‟
¦ெ¾தÃர¢ி¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிø ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇளÐ. ‟ þஇ−õÓ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிý ‟ ¸க£ீú ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ‟ ¸கüÈற¨ைÄலì ‟ ©¼§ேºச¡ாjß ‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாû¨ை¸கÂய¢ிý ‟«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟ÁமðÎõ ‟¸கü¸க¡ாÁமø ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ ‟
«அýÈற¡ா¼ட ‟Åவ¡ாúÅவ¢ிø ‟ÐöòÐ½ண÷¸க¢ிýÈறÉன÷. ‟ ‟ ©¼§ேºச¡ாjßrä© ¦ெÀப¡ா ÇbylÚÈµÆ©b¢ä
‟ i¯Þ¦ெ¸க¡ாØÓ®©ú¾£Ç~jyµb|´ . ‟ lÚÈµÆy¾¢ ~yjÓ¸´
¾த¢ிÈறõÀப¼டì ‟¸கüÈறø ‟ y¾¢ ¾~yjÓ¸ýÚµmºÈäÇÎy¾ §ே¸க¡ாjÓ®
‟ ©¼§ேºச¡ா®©À. ‟ ¨jß¢Ùä , ‟ lÚÈµÆhµÆ Èறä, ‟ m~y¢Ùä
¾த¢ிÈறõÀப¼ட ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ±எýÀபÐ ‟ «அ¨ைÉனòÐ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கÙõ ‟ pØÓ~zµlÚÈ µÆÇÎÇjyyjÓ®©¼ §ேºச¡ாjß¶ä §ேÀப¡ா
¿ந¢ி÷½ணÂய¢ிì¸கôÀபð¼ட ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¾தÃரò¨ை¾தô ‟ ¦ெÀபÚõ ‟ µμஓ÷ ‟ «அÏÌ ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ாÌõ. ‟ jyµbÖÇÀ. ‟
þஇ−ùÅவÏÌÓ¨ைÈற ‟ ´ஒù¦ெÅவ¡ாÕ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவÕìÌõ ‟ Åவ¡ாöôÒì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாÎò¾த¡ாø ‟ ‟ n¨®©b¢¢äÇÎ¯bÇÀyØµ¯byÊ´
¸கüÈற¨ைÄலô ‟ ¦ெÀபÈற ‟ ÓÊÔõ ‟ ±எýÈற ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாû¨ை¸க¨ைÂயì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎûªÇளÐ. ‟ ²jÙµbyÊ´©¼ §ேºச¡ாjßhºÇÞ|m¼µÀyØÇbº®©Ô~y
Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟¾தÌ¾த¢ிì§ே¸கüÀப ‟¸கøÅவ¢ி ‟ ¸கü¸க ‟þஇ−ùÅவ¡ாöôÒ ‟ÅவÆழí¸கôÀப¼ட ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ iÇ´. ‟ näÇÎ¯b ½ணÇÀyØi¯Þ ¦ெ¸க¡ாØÖ´©¼ §ேºச¡ாjßyÔä
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þஇ−¼டí¸கÙìÌî ‟¦ெºசýÚ ‟ÅவÕÅவ¾தý ‟ãÄலõ ‟Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟Àப¡ா¼டò¨ை¾த ‟
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§ேÁமÖõ ‟ ºச¢ிÈறôÀப¡ா¸கì ‟ ¸கüÚì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாû¸க¢ிýÈறÉன÷. ‟ ¸கøÅவ¢ிî ‟ ÍüÚÄல¡ா¨ைÅவ ‟
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Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸கò ‟ ¾த¢ிð¼டÁம¢ிÎÅவ¾த¡ாÖõ ‟ ÍüÚÄல¡ாÅவ¢ிý ‟ §ேÀப¡ாÐ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ºச¢ிÄல ‟
§ேÀப¡ா§ே¾த¡ா ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கìÌô ‟ Àப¢ிý§ேÀப¡ா ‟ ¿ந¼டò¾தô ‟ Àப¼டÄல¡ாõ. ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷ ‟
¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟ ®ஈÎÀபÎÅவ¾த¡ாÖõ ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க ‟ ºச¢ிÈறôÀப¨ை¼டÔõ. ‟
´ஒÕ ‟¿நøÄல ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி¸க¡ாðÊÂய¡ா¸க ‟þஇ−ÕóÐ ‟Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன¨ைÂயò ‟àñÎõ ‟
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§ேÀப¡ாÄலî ‟¦ெºசö¾தø ‟(§ேÀப¡ாÄல¢ிò¾தõ) ‟ rÀybÁ mºÊ ‟
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¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கÂய¡ாÌõ. ‟ §ேÀப¡ாÄலî ‟ ¦ெºசö¾த¨ைÄலô ‟ Àப¡ா¸க§ேÁமüÚ ‟ ¿நÊò¾தø, ‟ ©µä©¢nÙÿbÁ¢Þ|´rÀybÁ¢Þ|´pØÓ¯bÜÆyjÓ
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Åவ¢ி¾த¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¸கÙìÌ ‟¯ˉஉðÀபð¼ட ‟Àப¡ா¸கò¾த¢ி¨ைÉன ‟¯ˉஉ¼டÉனÊÂய¡ா¸க ‟¿நÊòÐì ‟¸க¡ாðÎÅவ÷. ‟ u¢ jÍ®¬§ேÀப¡ாäÙ£ähßÚ~}ÜyØn¨£Ç~jy¶äÇb¶Áb y®
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ÌÈற¢ிôÀப¢ிð¼ட ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ §ே¸க¡ாðÀப¡ாð¨ை¼டì ‟ ¸கüÚì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûÅவ¾தüÌ ‟ ‟
Åவ¢ி¨ைªÇளÂய¡ாÎ¸க¢ிÈற¡ா÷¸கû. ‟ ¯ˉஉñ¨ைÁம ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕÙìÌô ‟ Àப¾த¢ிÄல¡ா¸க ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÁம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி ‟ ‟
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x ª»jßyjÓljµbÓý¬¼¨ ¦ெ¸க¡ாØÖÆ ‟ x Àப¢ிÃரîºச¨ைÉன¸கÙìÌò ‟¾த£ீ÷× ‟¸க¡ா½ணø ‟
x ª»jßyjÓÈÇ¼¢Æ ‟ x ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎò¾தø ‟
x ª»jßyÖ~|¢ÀÊyb´¯bÞÜÇÎjµ~yÚÆ. ‟
Åவ¡ாúÅவ¢ிÂயÖõ ‟§ேÅவ¨ைÄல ‟Åவ¡ாöôÒõ: ‟ºசÅவ¡ாø ‟Áம¢ிì¸க ‟¯ˉஉÄல¸க¢ிø ‟ºச¢ிì¸கÄல¡ாÉன ‟
x ª»jßyÖ~|¢ÀÊyb´£Ç~jyyÓ~yÚÆ ‟
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x ¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõ ‟
§ேÀப¡ாýÈற ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபô ‟ ÀபÃர¢ி½ண¡ாÁமí¸கû ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ Àப¡ா¼டõ ‟ ¸கÅவ÷îºச¢ிÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟
ÀபÂயýÁம¢ிì¸க¾த¡ா¸க×õ ‟ «அ¨ைÁமÂய ‟ ¯ˉஉ¾த×¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ ¸கÊÉனÁம¡ாÉன,«அÕÅவÁம¡ாÉன ‟ x ´ஒòÐ¨ைÆழôÒ ‟
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‟ x Åவ¡ாú¿ந¡ாû ‟¸கøÅவ¢ி ‟
21¬ஆõ ‟áüÈற¡ாñÊü¸க¡ாÉன ‟¾த¢ிÈறÛõ ‟ÀபñÒõ x ²ஏüÚì¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟¾தý¨ைÁம ‟
x ÝÆழÖìÌ ‟²ஏüÀப ‟¾தÂய¡ா÷ ‟ÀபÎò¾த¢ிì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø ‟
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ÀபñÒ ‟: ‟ÌÎõÀபõ, ‟ºசÓ¾த¡ாÂயõ, ‟¿ந¡ாðÊüÌ ‟¸க¼ட¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÈற§ேÅவüÈற×õ ‟
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x ¬ஆýÁம£ீ¸கõ ‟
x ÁமÉன¢ி¾த ‟§ே¿நÂயõ ‟


x ¿ந¡ாðÎôÀபüÚ ‟ Ð¨ைÈற¸க¨ைªÇள ‟±எ¾த¢ி÷¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟¾தýÉனõÀப¢ிì¨ை¸கÔ¼டÛõ ‟¬ஆ÷ÅவòÐ¼டÛõ ‟
x ´ஒÕ¨ைÁமôÀப¡ாÎ ‟ ¦ெºசÂயøÀபÎÅவ÷. ‟
x ¦ெÀப¡ாÚôÒ ‟
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x ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம ‟
¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¾தí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟±எñ½ணõ, ‟²ஏ¼டø, ‟¾த¸கÅவø¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
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¿நõÀப¢ிì¨ை¸கÔ¼டÛõ ‟¬ஆì¸கòÐ¼டÛõ ‟Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟±எØòÐôâ÷ÅவÁம¡ா¸க×õ ‟
Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟Åவ¢ிÀபÃரõ ‟ ¦ெÅவªÇள¢ிôÀபÎòÐÅவ÷. ‟ ‟
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¯ˉஉÂய÷¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟Òò¾த¡ாì¸க ‟ÁமÉன¢ி¾த ‟ãÄல¾தÉன ‟§ேÁமõÀப¡ாÎ ‟¿ந¡ாðÊý ‟ºசã¸க ‟¸கÄல¡ாºச¡ாÃர ‟ ÌØ ‟Ó¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟þஇ−ÂயíÌ¾தø ‟Č ‟Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟Àப¢ிÈறÕ¼டý ‟ºச¢ிÈறôÀப¡ா¸க×õ ‟
¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¡ா¾த¡ாÃர ‟ÅவªÇள÷îºச¢ிìÌ ‟Óì¸க¢ிÂய ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ண¢ி¸கªÇள¡ா¸க ‟«அ¨ைÁம¸க¢ிýÈறÉன. ‟¬ஆ¸க§ேÅவ, ‟ Íã¸கÁம¡ா¸க×õ ‟´ஒÕí¸க¢ி¨ை½ணóÐ ‟¦ெºசÂயøÀபÎÅவ÷. ‟«அÅவ÷¸கû ‟þஇ−¨ை½ணóÐ ‟
¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸கôÀபÎ¸க¢ிýÈற ‟´ஒù¦ெÅவ¡ாÕ ‟Áம¡ா½ணÅவÕõ ‟§ே¾தºச¢ிÂயì ‟¸கøÅவ¢ிò ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÚô¨ைÀப ‟²ஏüÀபÐ¼டý ‟ÌØ ‟¯ˉஉÚôÀப¢ிÉனÃர¢ிý ‟§ேºச¨ைÅவ¨ைÂய ‟Áம¾த¢ிôÒ¼டý ‟
¾தòÐÅவò¾த¢ிü§ே¸கüÀப ‟¯ˉஉ¼டø, ‟¯ˉஉªÇள, ‟¬ஆýÁம¢ி¸க ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟«அÈற¢ி× ‟¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂய ‟«அõºசí¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟ «அí¸க£ீ¸கÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟þஇ−¨ை½ணóÐ ‟¦ெºசÂயøÀபÎÅவ¾தý ‟ãÄலõ ‟Àப¢ிÈறÃர¢ி¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò, ‟
ºசÁம¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிø ‟þஇ−Õì¸க ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ºச¢ிÈறó¾த ‟¾த¨ைÄலÅவÃர¡ா¸க×õ ‟¯ˉஉÚôÀப¢ிÉனÃர¡ா¸க×õ ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸க ‟
‟ ÓÊ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟
¯ˉஉÄல¸க ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிø ‟Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟§ேÀப¡ாðÊÂய¢ி¼ட ‟Áம§ேÄலºச¢ிÂயì ‟¸கøÅவ¢ி ‟«அ¨ைÁமîÍ ‟
Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கÙì¸க¡ாÉன ‟ÀபòÐì ‟ÜÚ¸கªÇள¡ா¸க ‟Åவ¨ைÃரÂயÚòÐûªÇளÉன. ‟´ஒù¦ெÅவ¡ாÕ ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ிóÐ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟¬ஆ÷Åவõ ‟Č ‟Ò¾த¢ிÂய ‟¯ˉஉò¾த¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟²ஏ¼டø¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟
Áம¡ா½ணÅவÃர¢ி¼டÓõ ‟þஇ−Õì¸க ‟§ேÅவñÊÂய ‟ÜÚ¸கû: ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ிóÐ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟¬ஆ÷Åவò¨ை¾த ‟§ேÁமõÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÅவ÷. ‟¸கüÈறÄல¢ிø ‟Åவ¢ிÉனÅவ¢ிì ‟
¸கñ¼டÈற¢ிÔõ ‟Ó¨ைÈற, ‟¬ஆö×, ‟ÍÂயÁம¡ா¸கî ‟¦ெºசÂயøÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂயÅவü¨ைÈறî ‟
ºசÁம¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟Č ‟¾தÉன¢ி¿நÀப÷ ‟¿நùÅவ¡ாú×, ‟¸கÕ¨ை½ண, ‟ÀபÃர¢ி×, ‟¦ெÀபÃர¢ி§ேÂய¡ா¨ைÃர ‟Áம¾த¢ிò¾தø ‟ ¦ெºசÂயÄல¡ாüÈற ‟§ே¾த¨ைÅவôÀபÎõ ‟¾த¢ிÈறý¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟¦ெÀபüÚì¦ெ¸க¡ாûÅவ÷. ‟
¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂய ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟¦ெÀபÈற ‟¯ˉஉ¼டø, ‟¯ˉஉªÇள ‟, ‟¯ˉஉ½ண÷×, ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¡ாüÈறø ‟§ேÀப¡ாýÈற ‟
ÜÚ¸கû ‟«அ¨ைÉனòÐõ ‟ºசÁம¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிø ‟þஇ−Õò¾தø ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟þஇ−¨ைÅவ, ‟ÌÎõÀப, ‟ §ே¸க¡ாðÀப¡ாðÎ¼டý ‟þஇ−Õò¾தø ‟Č ‟´ஒÕ¨ைÁமôÀப¡ாÎ, ‟§ே¿ந÷¨ைÁம, ‟ºசÁமòÐÅவõ, ‟
ºசÓ¾த¡ாÂய, ‟¿ந¡ாðÊý ‟ÍÀப£ீðºசò¨ை¾த ‟«அ¨ை¼டÂய ‟ÅவÆழ¢ிÅவÌì¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ ¿நÎ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல, ‟¾தÉன¢ி¿நÀப÷, ‟ÌØ, ‟ºசÓ¾த¡ாÂய ‟Áம¾த¢ிôÒ ‟§ேÀப¡ாýÈற ‟ÀபñÒ¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாñÊÕôÀப÷. ‟«அÅவÃரÅவ÷ ‟¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க, ‟«அ¾தý ‟Åவ¢ி¨ைªÇள×, ‟ÓÊ× ‟
ºசÅவ¡ாø¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟±எ¾த¢ி÷¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟¾த¢ிÈறõ ‟Č ‟Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟Åவ¢ி§ேÅவ¸கòÐ¼டÛõ ‟ ¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂயÅவüÚìÌò ‟¾த¡ா§ேÁம ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÚô§ேÀபüÀப÷. ‟ ‟
¾தýÉனõÀப¢ிì¨ை¸கÔ¼டÛõ ‟Åவ¢ிðÎì¦ெ¸க¡ாÎìÌõ ‟¸கÕ¨ை½ணÔ¼டÛõ ‟ºசÅவ¡ாø¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
±எ¾த¢ி÷¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள×õ ‟¾த£ீ÷ì¸க×õ ‟þஇ−ÂயÖõ. ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø ‟«அÈற¢ிó¾த¢ிÕôÀப÷ ‟-‐ ‟ÀபøÐ¨ைÈற ‟«அÈற¢ி¨ைÅவô ‟¦ெÀபüÚô ‟ÀபÃரó¾த ‟ºச£ீÃர¡ாÉன ‟
ÒÃர¢ிóÐ½ண÷¨ைÅவÔõ ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌÅவ÷. ‟¯ˉஉûé÷, ‟¯ˉஉÄல¸கªÇள¡ாÅவ¢ிÂய ‟Àப¢ிÃரîºச¨ைÉன¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனÂய¡ாªÇள÷ ‟-‐ ‟Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟¬ஆö×, ‟¬ஆì¸க, ‟Òò¾த¡ாì¸கî ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன¸கÙ¼டý ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟«அÈற¢ி¨ைÅவô ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟¾த¢ிÈறõÀப¼ட ‟¸கñ¼டÈற¢ிÅவ÷. ‟¸க¢ி¨ை¼டì¸கô¦ெÀபüÈற ‟
ºச¢ிó¾த¢ிòÐî ‟ºசÅவ¡ாøÁம¢ிì¸க ‟Àப¢ிÃரîºச¨ைÉன¸க¨ைªÇள ‟±எ¾த¢ி÷¦ெ¸க¡ாûÅவ÷; ‟¦ெ¿நÈற¢ிÓ¨ைÈறÂய¡ாÉன ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Àப¡ாÉன ‟¦ெ¿நÈற¢ிÓ¨ைÈற ‟/ ‟ºசð¼டõ ‟Ãர£ீ¾த¢ிÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟Àப¢ிÃரîºச¨ைÉன¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟
ÓÊ× ‟±எÎôÀப÷. ‟«அÅவ÷¸கû ‟¸கüÈறø ‟ÀபüÈற¢ிÔõ ‟Áம¡ா½ணÅவ¦ெÃரÉன×õ ‟ºச¢ிó¾த¢ிôÀப÷; ‟ ÒÃர¢ிóÐ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÅவ÷. ‟ ‟
§ே¸கûÅவ¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌÅவ÷. ‟¾தÉன¢ி¿நÀப÷ ‟ºசÓ¾த¡ாÂயô ‟Àப¡ா÷¨ைÅவ, ‟ÀபñÒ, ‟
¸கÄல¡ாºச¡ாÃரò¨ை¾தò ‟¾த¢ிÈறó¾த ‟ÁமÉனòÐ¼டý ‟²ஏüÚì¦ெ¸க¡ாûÅவ÷. ‟Ò¾த¢ிÂய ‟¸கüÈறø ‟ «அýÒ¨ை¼ட¨ைÁம ‟/ ‟«அì¸க¨ைÈற ‟Č ‟¸கÕ¨ை½ண, ‟ÀபÃர¢ி× ‟ÁமüÈறÅவÃர¢ிý ‟§ே¾த¨ைÅவ¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟
¯ˉஉ½ண÷×¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟Áம¾த¢ிò¾தø ‟¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂய ‟ÀபñÒ¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟¸க¨ை¼டôÀப¢ிÊôÀப÷. ‟


ºசÓ¾த¡ாÂயò¾த¢ிüÌî ‟§ேºச¨ைÅவÂய¡ாüÚÅவÐ¼டý ‟þஇ−Âயü¨ை¸கÂய¢ிý ‟Àப¡ாÐ¸க¡ாô¨ைÀப ‟ þஇ−ÕôÀப¢ிÛõ, ‟ ±எøÄல¡ா ‟ ¯ˉஉªÇளõºச¡ா÷ó¾த ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கÓõ ‟ «அÈற¢ி× ‟ ºச¡ா÷ó¾த ‟
¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிôÀபÎòÐÅவ¾த¢ிø ‟®ஈÎÀப¡ாÎ ‟¸க¡ாðÎÅவ÷. ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கò¾த¢ிüÌô ‟Àப¢ிÈறÌ ‟±எØ¾தôÀப¼ட¡ாÐ. ‟
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¿ந¡ாðÎôÀபüÚ ‟-‐ ‟¿ந¡ாðÊý ‟Áம£ீÐûªÇள ‟ÀபüÚ, ‟´ஒòÐ¨ைÆழôÒ, ‟Áம¾த¢ிìÌõ ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¾தÃரõ ‟ ¸கüÈறÄல¢ிý ‟ §ே¾த¨ைÅவìÌ ‟ ²ஏüÀப ‟ «அ¨ைÁமÂயô ‟ ¦ெÀபÚÅவ¾தüÌì ‟
ÁமÉனôÀப¡ாý¨ைÁம ‟¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂயÅவü¨ைÈற ‟¦ெÅவªÇள¢ிì¸க¡ாðÎÅவ÷. ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÄல¢ிý ‟ ¦ெºசÂயøÓ¨ைÈற¸கû ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐÅவ¡ா¸க×õ ‟
‟ ´ஒÕí¸க¢ி¨ை½ணì¸கôÀபð¼ட¾த¡ா¸க×õ ‟¾த¢ிð¼டÁம¢ி¼டôÀப¼டø ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟¸கüÈறø ‟¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟ ‟
‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¸கÙìÌ ‟ ÓýÒ ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷ ‟ ÌÈற¢ிôÀப¢ிð¼ட ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கò¨ை¾தÔõ ‟
¸கüÈறÄல¢ிý ‟ ¾தÃரò¨ை¾தÔõ ‟ ¸கÅவÉனÁம¡ா¸க ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö¾தø ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ, ‟ «அÈற¢ி×ºச¡ா÷ó¾த ‟ ¾தÃர ‟
«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟¸கøÅவ¢ிò ‟¾த¢ிð¼ட ‟¾தÃர ‟«அªÇள× ‟«அ¨ைÁமôÒ ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கõ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ி¨ை¼ட§ேÂய ‟ ÒÌò¾தôÀபÎõ§ேÀப¡ாÐ ‟ ¯ˉஉªÇளõºச¡ா÷ó¾த ‟ ¾தÃர ‟
‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கÓõ ‟ Áம¨ைÈறÓ¸கÁம¡ா¸க ‟ ¦ெºசÖò¾தôÀபÎ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟
‟ ¾த¢ிÈறÛìÌõ ‟ §ே¾த¨ைÅவìÌõ ‟ ²ஏüÀப ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸க ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¸கû ‟
¾தÃர ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¸க¨ைÄலò¾த¢ிð¼டõ ‟ ¬ஆñÎ ‟ 1 ‟ Ó¾தø ‟ ÀபøÅவ¨ை¸கôÀபÎò¾தø ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟¸கüÈறø ‟¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÄல¢ிø ‟Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ÓØ¨ைÁமÂய¡ா¸க ‟
ÀபÊÅவõ ‟ 6 ‟ Åவ¨ைÃர ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ «அÈற¢ிÓ¸கõ, ‟ ¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÂய, ‟ þஇ−ÂயüÀப¢ிÂயø, ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¢ிÂயø, ‟ ®ஈÎÀப¼ட ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷ ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟ ¾த¢ிð¼டÁம¢ி¼ட ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ þஇ−¾தýÅவÆழ¢ி ‟
âÁம¢ிÔõ ‟ Åவ¢ிñ¦ெÅவªÇள¢ிÔõ, ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¡ாÉன ‟ Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸க ‟ ±எÉன ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟ «அÈற¢ி×, ‟ ÀபÌò¾த¡ாö¾தø, ‟ ¬ஆì¸கî ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¬ஆö×î ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன, ‟
¬ஆÚ ‟ ÜÚ¸கªÇள¡ா¸க ‟ ÅவÃர¢ி¨ைºசôÀபÎò¾தôÀபÎûªÇளÐ. ‟ þஇ−ÕôÀப¢ிÛõ ‟ «அ¨ைÉனòÐ ‟ ¸கüÀப¨ைÉனò ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂயÅவü¨ைÈறò ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபò¾த¢ிý ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ ¾தÃர ‟
þஇ−Âயø¸கÙõ ‟´ஒù¦ெÅவ¡ாÕ ‟¬ஆñÎ¸கÙìÌõ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕó¾த¡ாÐ. ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கò¨ை¾த ‟Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ºச¢ிÈறó¾த¢ி¼ட ‟Åவ¢ி¨ைªÇளÅவ¢ிò¾தø ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟
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þஇ−ó¾த ‟ ¬ஆÚ ‟ þஇ−Âயø¸கÙõ ‟ ¾தÃரÁம¡ாÉன ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கõ ‟ ‟ i¯Ä´¬µh©b¾Óbb»¢ÞiyÞ©lyÇ¾Çbº
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«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟ ¸கÕòÐÕ ‟ ¦ெºசöÂயôÀபÎûªÇளÐ. ‟ «அÈற¢ி×ºச¡ா÷ó¾த ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¯ÞÜ´¬¢b~y´mzµ}ÜyjÓ®¬|¢ zÙ . ‟
¯ˉஉªÇளõºச¡ா÷ó¾த ‟ «அÊôÀபÊÂய¢ிø ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கõ ‟ ±எØò¾தôÀபðÎûªÇளÐ. ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ ‟
¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கò¾த¢ிø ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐÅவ¡ா¸க ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟ «அÈற¢ி×, ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ «அÈற¢ி×, ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன ‟ ‟
¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ÀபñÒì ‟ ÜÚ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¿நý¦ெÉனÈற¢ி ‟ ÀபñÒì ‟ ÜÚ ‟ §ேÀப¡ாýÈற ‟
ÜÚ¸கû ‟¾தÃர ‟¸கüÈறÄல¢ிý ‟±எ¾த¢ி÷ôÀப¡ா÷ôÀப¢ிüÌ ‟²ஏüÀப ‟ÅவÃர¢ி¨ைºசôÀபÎò¾தôÀபÎûªÇளÉன. ‟
ÀபûªÇள¢ி ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீÎ ‟
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Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீÎ ‟ ¦ெºசöÂயôÀபÎõ ‟ ¦ெºசÂயø ‟ §ே¿ந¡ாì¸க ‟ ÅவÊÅவ¢ிø ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ ¸கøÅவ¢ி ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÄல¢ிø ‟ ÀபûªÇள¢ி ‟ «அªÇளÅவ¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீÎ ‟ Óì¸க¢ிÂயì ‟ ÜÈற¡ா¸கì ‟
±எØ¾தôÀபðÎûªÇளÐ. ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ ¸கøÅவ¢ிÂய¡ாÉனÐ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ ¸கÕ¾தôÀபÎ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீðÊýÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ¯ˉஉñ¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉன ‟
¸கüÈறø ‟ , ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉன ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ §ேÀப¡ாýÈற ‟ ÜÚ¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட×¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ ÀபüÈற¢ிÂய ‟ ¾த¸கÅவ¨ைÄல ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷ ‟ ¦ெÀபüÚ, ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾த¨ைÄல ‟
ãÄலõ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¸கÕòÐì¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ ¦ெÀபüÈற¢ி¼டø ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐÅவ¡ா¸க ‟ §ேÁமõÀபÎò¾த¢ிì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟ ÓÊÔõ. ‟ ÀபûªÇள¢ி ‟ «அªÇளÅவ¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீðÊø ‟
¾தÃரÁம¡ாÉன ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ±எýÀபÐ ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ி¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிÄல¢ிÕóÐ ‟ ¸கÊÉன¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலìÌ ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ¾த¢ிð¼டÁம¢ிÎ¾தø, ‟ Åவ¢ிÉன¡ா ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ Áம¾த¢ிÀப£ீðÎì ‟ ¸கÕÅவ¢ி ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø, ‟ «அÅவü¨ைÈற ‟
¦ெºசøÄலì ‟ ÜÊÂய¾த¡ாÌõ. ‟ þஇ−ÕôÀப¢ிÛõ, ‟ þஇ−õÓ¨ைÈறÂய¡ாÉனÐ ‟ ¸கüÈறÄல¢ிý ‟ ¿ந¢ி÷Åவ¸க¢ிò¾தø, ‟ ÒûªÇள¢ி ‟ ÅவÆழíÌ¾தø, ‟ ÓÊ×¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ Àப¾த¢ி× ‟ ¦ெºசö¾தø, ‟ «அÈற¢ிì¨ை¸க ‟
§ே¾த¨ைÅவì§ே¸கüÀப ‟ Áம¡ாüÈற¢ிÂய¨ைÁமì¸கôÀப¼டÄல¡ாõ. ‟ ¯ˉஉªÇளõºச¡ா÷ó¾த ‟ ¾தÃரÁம¡ாÉன ‟ ¾தÂய¡ாÃர¢ிò¾தø ‟ ¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂய ‟ «அ¨ைÉனòÐ ‟ Óì¸க¢ிÂய ‟ Àப½ண¢ி¸கÙõ ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂயÃர¡ாÖõ ‟ ÀபûªÇள¢ி ‟
¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கõ ‟«அÈற¢ி×ºச¡ா÷ó¾த ‟¾தÃரÁம¡ாÉன ‟¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கò¾த¢ிüÌô ‟Àப¢ிÈறÌ ‟±எØ¾தôÀபÎõ. ‟ ¿ந¢ி÷Åவ¡ா¸கò¾த¡ாÖõ ‟ÁமðÎ§ேÁம ‟¦ெºசöÂயôÀப¼ட ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟
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ÁமüÚõ ‟ ÀபûªÇள¢ி ‟ ¿ந¢ி÷Åவ¡ா¸கò¾த¢ிý ‟ Àபí¸கªÇள¢ிô¨ைÀப ‟ ¿ந¢ி÷½ணÂயõ ‟ ¦ெºசöÅவ¾த¢ிø ‟ Óì¸க¢ிÂய ‟ ¦ெºச¡ாø, ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟¦ெºச¡ாü¦ெÈற¡ா¼ட¨ைÃரì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளì¸கôÀபÎò¾தÀபÎõ. ‟
Àபí¸க¡ாüÚ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ ±எÉன¦ெÅவ, ‟ þஇ−ôÀபûªÇள¢ி ‟ «அªÇளÅவ¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீðÊø ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂயÕõ ‟ ‟
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¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ¬ஆüÈற¨ைÄல ‟ §ேÁமõÀபÎòÐÅவ¾த¢ிø ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ÓÂயüºச¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ ‟ ‟
§ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட× ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ ÅவÃர¢ி¨ைºசì¸க¢ிÃர¸கÁம¡ாÉன ‟ ÀபÊ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟
‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிì¸கôÀபÎ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ ‟
ÀபûªÇள¢ி ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீðÊý ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟
‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தø ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீðÎ ‟Ó¨ைÈற ‟
x ÓØ¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉனÐ ‟-‐ ‟«அÈற¢ி×, ‟¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟ÀபñÒ ‟¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂயÅவüÈற¢ிý ‟«அ¨ை¼டÅவ¢ி¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÂய ‟ ‟
ÓØ¨ைÁமÂய¡ா¸கò ‟¾தÃரÅவøÄலÐ. ‟ ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷¸கû ‟ ÅவÌôÀப¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கò ‟ ¾தÃரõ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟
x ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷îºச¢ிÂய¡ாÉனÐ ‟ -‐ ‟ ¸கüÈறø¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÖ¼டý ‟þஇ−¨ை½ணóÐ ‟ ¦ெºசøÄலì ‟ ÜÊÂய ‟ ¾தÃரò¨ை¾தì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾த¨ைÄல ‟ ¿ந¼டò¾த ‟ §ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ ¬ஆì¸க¸கÃரÁம¡ாÉன ‟
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x ¦ெ¿ந¸க¢ிú×ò ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉனÐ ‟ -‐ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ¬ஆ÷Åவò¾த¢ிüÌõ ‟ Àபí¨ை¸க ‟ Åவ¸க¢ிì¸க¢ிýÈறÐ. ‟ þஇ−¾த§ேÉன¡ாÎ ‟ ¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷¸கû ‟ ¾த¨ைÄலôÒ ‟ Åவ¡ாÃர¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟
¾தÂய¡ா÷¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலìÌõ ‟²ஏüÀபô ‟ÀபøÅவ¨ை¸க ‟«அÏÌÓ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉனÐ. ‟ Àப¢ிÃர¢ிì¸கôÀபðÊÕìÌõ ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட× ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÂயì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟
x ¾தÃர ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட¨ைÅவô ‟ Àப¢ிÃர¾த¢ிÀபÄல¢ிôÀபÐ ‟ -‐ ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¾தÃர¾த¢ிü§ே¸கüÀப ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸கôÀபð¼ட ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட×¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÂய ‟ Áம¾த¢ிôÀப¢ிÎ¾தø ‟ «அÅவºச¢ிÂயõ. ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ிì¸க¡ாðÎ¾தø ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟
¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼டÅவ¢ிý ‟Àப¢ிÃர¾த¢ிÀபÄலÉன¡ாÌõ. ‟ ÅவªÇளôÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ãÄலõ ‟ ´ஒù¦ெÅவ¡ாÕ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவÉன¢ிý ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட× ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÂய ‟ §ேÁமÖõ ‟
‟ ÅவØôÀபÎò¾த ‟¬ஆºச¢ிÃர¢ிÂய÷ ‟Åவ¡ாöô¨ைÀப ‟²ஏüÀபÎò¾த¢ிò ‟¾தÕ¾தø ‟§ேÅவñÎõ. ‟ ‟
ÀபûªÇள¢ி ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீÎ ‟¸க£ீú¸கñ¼டÅவ¡ாÚ ‟«அÁமøÀபÎò¾தÄல¡ாõ ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÄல¢ிø ‟ ¸கüÚò ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ §ேÅவñÊÂய ‟ «அ¨ைÉனòÐ ‟ ÜÚ¸கÙõ ‟
x ¸கüÈறø¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÖ¼டý ‟ þஇ−¨ை½ணóÐ ‟ ¦ெºசöÂயì ‟ ÜÊÂயÐ ‟ -‐ ‟ Ó¨ைÈறºச¡ாÃர ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¾தÃரò¾த¢ிø ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாÎì¸கôÀபðÎûªÇளÉன. ‟ §ேÁமÖõ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ «அ¨ை¼டÂய ‟
(Formatif) ‟Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீÎ ‟ §ேÅவñÊÂய ‟ ÜÚ¸கÙõ ‟ «அÅவ÷¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீÎ ‟ ¦ெºசöÔõ ‟ Åவ¨ை¸க¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟
x ¬ஆñÎ ‟ Áமò¾த¢ிÂய¢ி§ேÄல¡ா ‟ þஇ−Ú¾த¢ிÂய¢ி§ேÄல¡ா ‟ ¿ந¼டò¾தôÀபÎÅவÐ ‟ -‐ ‟ Ó¨ைÈறºச¡ாó¾த ‟ Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப§ே¾த ‟ ¾தÃர ‟ «அ¨ை¼டÅவ¡ாÌõ. ‟ ¸க¨ைÄலò¾த¢ிð¼ட ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீðÎ ‟ ¬ஆÅவ½ணõ ‟
(Sumatif) ‟Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீÎ ‟ Àப¡ா¼டò¾த¢ிð¼டò¨ை¾தÔõ ‟ Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீðÎ ‟ Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂயÔõ ‟ ´ஒÕí¸க¢ி¨ை½ணìÌõ ‟
‟ ¬ஆÅவ½ணÁம¡ா¸கò ‟¾த¢ி¸கú¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟
¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟ ‟
‟ ÅவÌôÀப¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟¨ை¸கÂய¡ாªÇளìÜÊÂய ‟ºச¢ிÄல ‟Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீðÎ ‟Ó¨ைÈற¸கû ‟: ‟
¾தÃர ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட× ‟ ±எýÀபÐ ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவÉன¢ிý ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறÉன¢ிý ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟ ‟
«அªÇளÅவ¢ி¼டôÀபÎ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟þஇ−¾தý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி, ‟«அõÁம¡ா½ணÅவÉன¢ிý ‟¸கøÅவ¢ி ‟Óý§ேÉனüÈற ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÔõ ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾தø ‟ : ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý, ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ÀபñÒ, ‟ ¿நý¦ெÉனÈற¢ி ‟ ÀபñÒ ‟ ¬ஆ¸க¢ிÂய ‟
¸கñ¼டÈற¢ிÂயôÀபÎ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ ‟ ÜÚ¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟ ¾தÉன¢ி¿நÀபÃர¢ிý ‟ Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீðÊüÌ ‟ þஇ−õÓ¨ைÈற ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன¾த¡ா¸க ‟
‟ «அ¨ைÁம¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிÔõ ‟ ÜÚ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ §ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟
¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟þஇ−ÃரñÎ ‟Åவ¨ை¸கÂய¡ா¸க ‟Àப¢ிÃர¢ிì¸கôÀபðÎûªÇளÐ: ‟ ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாí¨ை¸க ‟ Áம¾த¢ிôÀப¢ிÎõ ‟ Ó¨ைÈற§ேÂய ‟ ¾தÅவ¢ிÃர ‟ ¸க¢ி¨ை¼டì¸கô¦ெÀபÚõ ‟ þஇ−Ú¾த¢ி ‟
Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீÎ ‟«அøÄல. ‟ ‟
x ¸க¢ி¨ை¼ட ‟Áமð¼ட ‟Óý§ேÉனüÈறõ ‟ ‟
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x ¦ெºசíÌò¾த¡ாÉன ‟Óý§ேÉனüÈறõ ‟ ‟


§ேºச¡ா¾த¨ைÉன ‟ : ‟ ±எØòÐ ‟ ãÄலÁம¡ா¸க×õ ‟ Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟ §ேºச¡ா¾த¨ைÉன¨ைÂய ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட× ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிý ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÐÅவ¡ாÉன ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÒ ‟
§ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇளÄல¡ாõ. ‟ ±எØòÐ ‟ ÅவÊÅவ¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ «அ¸கÅவÂய ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ÒÈறÅவÂய ‟ ‟
§ே¸கûÅவ¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟ ¾தÂய¡ாÃர¢ிì¸கÄல¡ாõ. ‟ Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ி ‟ §ேºச¡ா¾த¨ைÉனÂய¢ிý ‟ ±எÎòÐì¸க¡ாðÎ ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
¦ெÀப¡ாÐÅவ¡ாÉன ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÒ ‟
Ò¾த¢ி÷ô§ேÀப¡ாðÊÂய¡ாÌõ. ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟
‟ 1 ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼ட ‟ ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ «அÈற¢ிó¾த¢ிÕôÀப÷ ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟
Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ி ‟ Àப¨ை¼டôÒ: ‟ Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ி ‟ Àப¨ை¼டôÒ ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸க¾த¢ிø ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼ட ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÈற§ேÅவüÚÅவ÷ ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟
§ேÀபîºச¡ாüÈறø, ‟¾தýÉனõÀப¢ிì¨ை¸க ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¡ாüÈற¨ைÄல ‟Áம¾த¢ிôÀப¢ி¼ட ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டì ‟ÜÚ¸கÙìÌ ‟²ஏüÀப ‟ÐÄலíÌÅவ÷ ‟
Óì¸க¢ிÂயÁம¡ாÌõ. ‟ 2 ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂய ‟ Áம¡ாüÈற¢ிÂய¨ைÁமôÀப¾த¢ிø ‟ ÒÃர¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟
‟ ¦ெÅவªÇள¢ிôÀபÎòÐÅவ÷ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟¸கüÈறÅவü¨ைÈறô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¦ெÀபÂய÷ôÒî ‟
ºசÃர¢ிÀப¡ா÷ôÒô ‟ÀபðÊÂயø: ‟ºசÃர¢ிôÀப¡ா÷ôÒô ‟ÀபðÊÂயø ‟¸கüÈறø ‟¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÄல¢ிø ‟§ேºச¡ா¾த¢ிò¾த ‟ ¦ெºசöÂய×õ ‟¦ெ¾தªÇள¢ி× ‟ÀபÎò¾த×õ ‟¦ெºசöÅவ÷ ‟
ÜÚ¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ¾தÉன¢ி¿நÀப÷ ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட× ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிý ‟ ÌÈற¢ிôÀப¡ாÌõ. ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟ «அÈற¢ி×, ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ 3 ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ÌÈற¢ிôÀப¢ிð¼ட ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ÝÆழÄல¢ிø ‟ ÌÈற¢ிôÀப¢ிð¼ட ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟
ÁமüÚõ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ÀபñÒ, ‟ ¿நý¦ெÉனÈற¢ிô ‟ ÀபñÒ ‟ §ேÀப¡ாýÈற ‟ ÜÚ¸கû ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉனî ‟ ¦ெºசÂயøÀபÎò¾த ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¡ாüÈற¨ைÄலô ‟ («அÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல) ‟
þஇ−õÁம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீðÊý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟§ேºச¡ா¾த¢ிì¸கôÀபÎ¸க¢ிýÈறÉன. ‟ ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐÅவ÷. ‟
‟ 4 ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟ Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÁம ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ ¿ந¨ை¼டÓ¨ைÈறìÌ ‟
¾த¢ிÃரðÎì ‟ §ே¸க¡ாôÒ ‟ (Portfolio) ‟ : ‟ ¾தÉன¢ி¿நÀப÷ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ÌØ ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ ²ஏüÈறÅவ¡ாÚ ‟ ÌÈற¢ிôÀப¢ிð¼ட ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉனô ‟ ÀபñÒ¼டý ‟
´ஒýÈற¢ி¨ை½ணó¾த ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ Àப¨ை¼டô§ேÀப ‟ ¾த¢ிÃரðÎì ‟ §ே¸க¡ாôÒ ‟ ¬ஆÌõ. ‟ ¦ெºசÂயøÀபÎòÐÅவ÷. ‟
¾த¢ிÃரð§ே¼டÎ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ÀபÂய¢ிøÀப½ண¢ி ‟ §ேÀப¡ாýÈற¨ைÅவò ‟ ¾த¢ிÃரðÎì ‟ §ே¸க¡ாôÒ¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ 5 ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟ Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÁம ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ ¿ந¨ை¼டÓ¨ைÈறìÌ ‟
±எÎòÐì¸க¡ாðÎ¸கªÇள¡ாÌõ. ‟ ²ஏüÈறÅவ¡ாÚ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலò¾தý¨ைÁம§ேÂய¡ாÎõ ‟§ே¿ந÷Áம¨ைÈற ‟¾தý¨ைÁம§ேÂய¡ாÎõ ‟
‟ Ò¾த¢ிÂய ‟ÝÆழÄல¢ிø ‟ÌÈற¢ிôÀப¢ிð¼ட ‟´ஒÕ ‟¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉனî ‟¦ெºசÂயøÀபÎòÐÅவ÷ ‟ ‟
¸கðÎ¨ைÃர ‟ : ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ Ãர£ீ¾த¢ிÂய¡ா¸கò ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ Àப¨ை¼டìÌõ ‟ 6 ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû, ‟ ¬ஆì¸கÁம¡ாÉனÐõ ‟ Òò¾த¡ாì¸கÁம¡ாÉனÐÁம¡ாÉன ‟
¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉனì ‟¸கðÎ¨ைÃர ‟¦ெÅவªÇள¢ிì¦ெ¸க¡ா½ணÕõ. ‟ ²ஏ¼டø¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ ¦ெºசÂயÄல¡ாì¸கõ ‟ ¦ெºசöÅவ÷. ‟ «அýÈற¡ா¼ட ‟ Åவ¡ாúÅவ¢ிý ‟
‟ ºசÅவ¡ாø¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ §ே¸க¡ாÃர¢ிì¨ை¸க¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ ºசÁம¡ாªÇள¢ிôÀப¾தü¸க¡ாÉன ‟
«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயÄல¢ிý ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÒ ‟ ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎìÌõ ‟ ¬ஆüÈற¨ைÄலì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÊÕôÀப§ே¾த¡ாÎ ‟
‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟Åவ¡ாì¸க¢ிÂயí¸க¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ÀபñÒ¼டý ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ிò ‟
Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட× ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ Àப¢ிýÅவÕõ ‟ ãýÚ ‟ ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ ¦ெÀபÈற×õ ‟ ÀபÃர¢ிÁம¡ாÈற×õ ‟ ¸கÄலóÐ¨ைÃரÂய¡ாÎõ ‟
¿ந¢ி÷½ணÂய¢ிì¸கôÀபÎ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ ¬ஆüÈற¨ைÄலÔõ ‟ ¦ெÀபüÈற¢ிÕôÀப÷. ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலôÀப¡ா¼ட¡ாÉன ‟
‟ ÓýÁம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ிÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟¬ஆÌÅவ÷ ‟
1. ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟«அÈற¢ி× ‟ ‟
2. ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ‟
3. ‟ÀபñÒ¦ெ¿நÈற¢ி ‟ ‟
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1. ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟«அÈற¢ி×õ ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟¾த¢ிÈறÛõ ‟ 2. ‟ÀபñÒ ‟ ‟
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¬ஆÃரõÀப ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிý ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÒ ‟ ¬ஆÃரõÀப ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ÀபñÒ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிý ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÒ ‟
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«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐÅவ¡ாÉன ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÒ ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட× ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐÅவ¡ாÉன ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÒ ‟
¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟
1 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டò ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟ «அÈற¢ி× ‟ 1 ‟ ¬ஆ÷Åவõ ‟
¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟«அÈற¢ிó¾த¢ிÕò¾தø ‟ ‟
‟ 2 ‟ ¬ஆ÷Åவõ ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¦ெ¾தÃர¢ிóÐì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟¾தý¨ைÁம ‟
2 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டò ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟ «அÈற¢ி× ‟ ‟
¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟ «அÈற¢ிó¾த¢ிÕò¾தÖõ ‟ ÀபøÅவ¨ை¸க ‟ Ó¨ைÈற¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟ 3 ‟ ¬ஆ÷Åவõ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ிóÐì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம, ‟ §ே¿ந÷¨ைÁம, ‟
¦ெÅவªÇள¢ிì¦ெ¸க¡ா½ண÷¾தø ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟¾தÃர×¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟ÌÈற¢ிò¾தø ‟
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3 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟ «அÈற¢ி× ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ 4 ‟ ¬ஆ÷Åவõ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ிóÐì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம, ‟ §ே¿ந÷¨ைÁம ‟
ÝÆழÄல¢ிø ‟§ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟Àப½ண¢ிÂய¢ிý§ேÀப¡ாÐ ‟«அÁமøÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟¾தÃர×¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟ÌÈற¢ிò¾தø, ‟ÓÂயüºச¢ிò¾தø, ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟
‟ ´ஒØíÌ ‟Ó¨ைÈறÔ¼டÛõ ‟¿ந¼டóÐì¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø ‟
4 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟ «அÈற¢ி× ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟ ¬ஆö× ‟ ‟
¦ெºசöÐ ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ÝÆழÄல¢ிø ‟ §ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟ Àப½ண¢ிÂய¢ிý§ேÀப¡ாÐ ‟ 5 ‟ ¬ஆ÷Åவõ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ிóÐì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம, ‟ §ே¿ந÷¨ைÁம ‟
Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸க ‟«அÁமøÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟¾தÃர×¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟ÌÈற¢ிò¾தø, ‟ÓÂயüºச¢ிò¾தø, ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟
‟ ´ஒØíÌ ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÔ¼டÛõ ‟ ¿ந¼டóÐì¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø ‟
5 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟ «அÈற¢ி× ‟ ¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟ ¬ஆö× ‟ ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁமÂய¡ா¸க×õ, ‟ ÍÚÍÚôÀப¡ா¸க×õ, ‟ þஇ−ÎÀப½ண¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
¦ெºசöÐ ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ÝÆழÄல¢ிø ‟ §ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟ Àப½ண¢ிÂய¢ிý§ேÀப¡ாÐ ‟ §ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø. ‟
¦ெ¾த¡ாÌòÐ ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷îºச¢ிÂய¸க×õ ‟Ó¨ைÉனôÒ¼டÛõ ‟Ó¨ைÈறÔ¼டÛõ ‟ ‟
«அÁமøÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ 6 ‟ ¬ஆ÷Åவõ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¦ெ¾தÃர¢ிóÐì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம, ‟ §ே¿ந÷¨ைÁம ‟
‟ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¾தÃர×¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟ ÌÈற¢ிò¾தø, ‟ ÓÂயüºச¢ிò¾தø, ‟
6 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÐ ‟«அÈற¢ி× ‟¾த¢ிÈற¨ைÉன ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟ ‟ ´ஒØíÌÓ¨ைÈறÔ¼டý ‟ ¿ந¼டóÐì¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø. ‟ ‟ þஇ−ÎÀப½ண¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
´ஒÕ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕ¨ைªÇள ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸க¢ி ‟ ¬ஆì¸க ‟ Òò¾த¡ாì¸கî ‟ §ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø, ‟ ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁமÂய¡ா¸க×õ, ‟ ÍÚÍÚôÀப¡ா¸க×õ, ‟
ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனÔ¼டý ‟Áம¾த¢ிôÀப£ீÎ ‟¦ெºசöÐ ‟¸கÕÐÚ¾தø ‟ ‟ ¾தÉனìÌõ ‟ ºச¸க ‟ ¿நñÀப÷¸கÙìÌõ ‟ þஇ−Âயü¨ை¸கìÌõ, ‟
‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÚôÒûªÇளÅவ÷¸கªÇள¡ா¸க ‟¿ந¼டóÐì¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙÅவ÷. ‟
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«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அÈற¢ிÓ¸கõ ‟
1. ‟ ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாíÌ ‟¾த¢ிÈறý ‟
¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸க ‟¾தÃரõ ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟¾தÃரõ ‟
«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÒ ‟
1.1 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû: ‟ ‟ ‟
¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாíÌ ‟ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú¨ைÅவ ‟¯ˉஉüÚ ‟§ே¿ந¡ாìÌÅவ¾தüÌ ‟«அ¨ைÉனòÐô ‟ÒÄலý¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟
¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ 1.1.1 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌÅவ÷ ‟ ÀபÂயýÀப¡ாðÊ¨ைÉனì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
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2 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú¨ைÅவ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟´ஒÕ ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¨ை¾த ‟¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌÅவ¾தüÌ ‟
«அ¨ைÉனòÐô ‟ÒÄலý¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÀபÂயýÀப¡ாð¨ை¼ட ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
3 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú¨ைÅவ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟´ஒÕ ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¨ை¾த ‟¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌÅவ¾தüÌ ‟

«அ¨ைÉனòÐô ‟ÒÄலý¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
4 ‟ x «அ¨ைÉனòÐô ‟ÒÄலý¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÄல¢ிý ‟

ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¨ை¾த ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø; ‟
x §ே¾த¨ைÅவôÀபð¼ட¡ாø ‟¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÖìÌ ‟¯ˉஉ¾தÅவ¢ிÂய¡ா¸கô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟
¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐ¾தø; ‟
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5 ‟ x «அ¨ைÉனòÐô ‟ÒÄலý¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟¾தÃரÁம¡ாÉன ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟«அªÇளÅவ¡ாÉன ‟
¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÄல¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¨ை¾த ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø; ‟
x §ே¾த¨ைÅவôÀபð¼ட¡ாø ‟¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÖìÌ ‟¯ˉஉ¾தÅவ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟
¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐ¾தø; ‟
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6 ‟ x «அ¨ைÉனòÐô ‟ ÒÄலý¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟ ¾தÃரÁம¡ாÉன ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ «அªÇளÅவ¡ாÉன ‟
¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÄல¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¨ை¾த ‟Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸க ‟
Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø; ‟
x §ே¾த¨ைÅவôÀபð¼ட¡ாø ‟ ¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÖìÌ ‟ ¯ˉஉ¾தÅவ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟
¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
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1.1.2 ‟ Åவ¨ை¸கôÀபÎòÐÅவ÷ ‟ 1 ‟ ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம ‟§ேÅவüÚ¨ைÁமÂய¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¢ிý ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
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2 ‟ ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம ‟§ேÅவüÚ¨ைÁமÂய¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¢ிý ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂய ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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3 ‟ ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம ‟ §ேÅவüÚ¨ைÁம ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁமì§ே¸கüÀப ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇளîÀப¢ிÃர¢ிò¾தÖõ ‟
§ேºச÷ò¾தÖõ. ‟
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4 ‟ ´ஒüÚ¨ைÁம ‟ §ேÅவüÚ¨ைÁம ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁமì§ே¸கüÀப ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ §ேºச÷ò¾தÖõ ‟
Àப¢ிÃர¢ிò¾தÖõ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ §ேºச÷ò¾தÖìÌõ ‟ Àப¢ிÃர¢ிò¾தÖìÌõ ‟ ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ிÂய ‟ ´ஒ§ேÃர ‟
Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
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5 ‟ ´ஒ§ேÃர ‟Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¦ெÅவù§ேÅவÚ ‟Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟
ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟Àப¢ிÃர¢ிò¾தÖõ ‟§ேºச÷ò¾தÖõ. ‟
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6 ‟ ´ஒ§ேÃர ‟Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¦ெÅவù§ேÅவÚ ‟Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟
ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ þஇ−Ú¾த¢ி ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÅவ¨ைÃர ‟ Àப¢ிÃர¢ிò¾தÖõ ‟ §ேºச÷ò¾தÖõ ‟
ÁமüÚõ ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ிÂய ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
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1.1.3 ‟ lÓhÇ¢Ä´ryjÓ® 1 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟±எñ½ண¢ிì¨ை¸க¨ைÂய ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ி¼ட ‟´ஒýÚìÌ ‟§ேÁமüÀபð¼ட ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟
©µä©¢ Ä´. ‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉÀப¸கÃர½ணí¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟
‟ ‟
2 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟±எñ½ண¢ிì¨ை¸க¨ைÂய ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ி¼ட ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟«அ¨ை¾த ‟
ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிÎõ ‟Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂயÔõ ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø. ‟
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3 ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟¸கÕÅவ¢ிÁமüÚõ ‟¾தÃர ‟«அªÇள¨ைÅவì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸க ‟
«அªÇளÅவ¢ிÎ¾தø. ‟
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4 ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟¸கÕÅவ¢ி ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¾தÃர ‟«அªÇள¨ைÅவì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ாÉன ‟
ÑðÀபòÐ¼டý ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிÎ¾தø. ‟
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ÑðÀபòÐ¼டý ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிðÎ ‟«அ¾த¨ைÉன ‟«அð¼டÅவ¨ை½ணÂய¢ிø ‟ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟
ÓØ¨ைÁமÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟ÌÈற¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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ÑðÀபòÐ¼டý ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிðÎ ‟«அ¾த¨ைÉன ‟«அð¼டÅவ¨ை½ணÂய¢ிø ‟ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟
ÓØ¨ைÁமÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟ÌÈற¢ிò¾த ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃரò¨ை¾தÅவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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1.1.4 ‟ °ஊ¸க¢ிôÀப÷ ‟ 1 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÖìÌ ‟²ஏüÒ¨ை¼டÂய ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிô¨ைÀபì ‟
‟ ÜÚ¾தø ‟
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2 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÖìÌ ‟´ஒýÚìÌ ‟§ேÁமüÀபð¼ட ‟
²ஏüÒ¨ை¼டÂய ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிô¨ைÀப ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø. ‟
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3 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கúÅவ¢ிý ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÄல¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟²ஏüÒ¨ை¼டÂய ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிô¨ைÀபì ‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎò¾தø. ‟
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4 ‟ ¸க¢ி¨ை¼டì¸கô¦ெÀபüÈற ‟¾த¸கÅவø¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟
¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾த¨ைÄலô ‟ÀபüÈற¢ி ‟¬ஆÃரõÀப ‟ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎò¾தø. ‟
‟
¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÖìÌ ‟²ஏüÒ¨ை¼டÂய ‟´ஒýÚìÌ ‟§ேÁமüÀபð¼ட ‟¬ஆÃரõÀப ‟
ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎò¾தø. ‟
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¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÖìÌ ‟²ஏüÒ¨ை¼டÂய ‟´ஒýÚìÌ ‟§ேÁமüÀபð¼ட ‟¬ஆÃரõÀப ‟ÓÊÅவ¢ி¨ைÉன ‟
Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø. ‟
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1.1.5 ‟ «அÛÁம¡ாÉன¢ிôÀப÷ ‟ 1 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟¾தÃர×¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟¸க½ண¢ிô¨ைÀபì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
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2 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟¸க½ண¢ிô¨ைÀப ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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3 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾தø, ‟ Óý ‟ «அÛÀபÅவõ, ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ ¾தÃர×¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟
¿ந¢ி¸கú¨ைÅவ ‟«அÛÁம¡ாÉன¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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4 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ ¾தÃர×¸கÙìÌ ‟ Áம¢ி¸க ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟ ²ஏüÒ¨ை¼டÂய ‟
«அÛÁம¡ாÉனò¨ை¾த ‟¿ந¢ிÂய¡ாÂயôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
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5 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¢ி¸கú¨ைÅவ ‟ ´ஒðÊ ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾தø, ‟ Óý ‟ «அÛÀபÅவõ, ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ ¾தÃர×¸கû ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟
²ஏüÒ¨ை¼டÂய ‟Åவ¨ை¸கÂய¢ிø ‟´ஒýÚìÌõ ‟§ேÁமüÀபðÎ ‟«அÛÁம¡ாÉன¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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6 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú¨ைÅவ ‟´ஒðÊ ‟¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾தø, ‟Óý ‟«அÛÀபÅவõ, ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟¾தÃர×¸கû ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟
²ஏüÒ¨ை¼டÂய ‟Åவ¨ை¸கÂய¢ிø ‟´ஒýÚìÌõ ‟§ேÁமüÀபðÎ ‟«அÛÁம¡ாÉன¢ிò¾தø. ‟
ĉ,QWUDSRODVLĊ¯ÞÜ´ĉ(NVWUDSRODVLĊÇÍclâ¯bßc¢Æ. ‟
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1.1.6 ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙÅவ÷ ‟ 1 ‟ ¸க¢ி¨ை¼டì¸கô¦ெÀபüÈற ‟¾த¸கÅவ¨ைÄலô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟ÅவÊÅவ¢ிø ‟ÅவÃர¢ி¨ைºசôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
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2 ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟²ஏ¼ட¨ைÄலô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟ÅவÊÅவ¢ிø ‟ÌÈற¢ிô¦ெÀபÎò¾தø. ‟
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3 ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ ²ஏ¼ட¨ைÄலô ‟ ´ஒýÚìÌõ ‟ §ேÁமüÀபð¼ட ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟ ÅவÊÅவ¢ிø ‟
ÌÈற¢ிô¦ெÀபÎò¾தø. ‟
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4 ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ ²ஏ¼ட¨ைÄலô ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟ ÅவÊÅவ¢ிø ‟ ÌÈற¢ிô¦ெÀபÎòÐ ‟
Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸கô ‟Àப¨ை¼டò¾தø. ‟
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5 ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟²ஏ¼ட¨ைÄலô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟ÅவÊÅவ¢ிø ‟ÌÈற¢ிô¦ெÀபÎòÐ ‟«அ¾த¨ைÉன ‟
Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸கô ‟Àப¨ை¼டòÐ ‟§ே¿ந÷Áம¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸க ‟²ஏüÚì¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø. ‟
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6 ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟²ஏ¼ட¨ைÄலô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟ÅவÊÅவ¢ிø ‟ÌÈற¢ிô¦ெÀபÎòÐ ‟¬ஆì¸கõ ‟
Òò¾த¡ாì¸கò¾த¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸கì ‟¸கÕòÐì¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟Àப¨ை¼டò¾தø. ‟
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¸க¡ாÄல ‟ Áம¡ாüÈறò¾த¢ிüÌðÀபð¼ட ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ÝÆழÄல¢ிý ‟ «அªÇள×Õ¨ைÅவì ‟ (Parameter) ‟
1.1.7 ‟ þஇ−¨ை¼ட ‟lÓÈÞ|´ ‟¸க¡ாÄல ‟ 1 ‟
ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
«அªÇளÅவ¢ிüÌõ ‟¯ˉஉûªÇள ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷¨ைÀபô ‟ ‟
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ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐÅவ÷ ‟ ‟
2 ‟ ¸க¡ாÄல ‟ Áம¡ாüÈறò¾த¢ிüÌðÀபð¼ட ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ÝÆழÄல¢ிý ‟ «அªÇள×Õ¨ைÅவ ‟ (Parameter) ‟
Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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3 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟ºசõÀபÅவò¨ை¾தì ‟¸க¡ாÄல ‟«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟¿ந¢ிÃரøÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
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4 ‟ ¸க¡ாÄல ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ ºசõÀபÅவò¾த¢ிø ‟ þஇ−¼டõ¦ெÀபüÈற ‟
«அªÇள×Õ ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¾த¢ிý ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟ ‟
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5 ‟ ¸க¡ாÄல ‟ Áம¡ாüÈறò¾த¢ிý ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ ºசõÀபÅவò¨ை¾த ‟
ÅவÃர¢ி¨ைºசôÀபÎò¾த¢ிô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟Åவ¨ைÃரÔÕ¨ைÅவ ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
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6 ‟ ¸க¡ாÄல ‟ «அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟ ¿ந¨ை¼ட¦ெÀபÚõ ‟ ¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ºசõÀபÅவò¾த¢ிø ‟ Áம¡ாüÈறò¨ை¾த ‟
ÅவÃர¢ி¨ைºச¸க¢ிÃரÁம¡ா¸க ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிòÐ ‟Àப¨ை¼டò¾தø. ‟
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1.1.8 ‟ ¾தÃர×yjÓ ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷ ‟ 1 ‟ ¾தÃர×¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø. ‟
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2 ‟ ¾தÃர×¸க¨ைªÇள¦ெÂய¡ாðÊ ‟´ஒýÚìÌõ ‟§ேÁமüÀபð¼ட ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளì¸கò¨ை¾த ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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3 ‟ ¾தÃர×¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû, ‟ ¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ §ே¾த¡ாÃர½ண¢ிìÌ ‟ ²ஏüÈற ‟
¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟²ஏ¼ட¨ைÄல ‟§ே¾த÷× ‟¦ெºசöÐ ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளì¸கõ ‟«அªÇள¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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4 ‟ «அªÇள×Ú ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ¸கÕòÐÕì¸க¢ி¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Àப¢ிý ‟
«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟ ¾தÃர×¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள ‟ «அªÇள×Õì¸க¢ி¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷¨ைÀப ‟
¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
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5 ‟ §ேºச¸கÃர¢ிì¸கôÀபð¼ட ‟ ¾தÃர¨ைÅவì ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ĉ,QWUDSRODVLĊ µcä³Áú¾ h©b¾Ø
¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟§ே¾த¡ாÃர½ண¢ி ‟(Pola) ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟Åவ¢ி§ேÅவ¸கÁம¡ா¸க ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø. ‟
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6 ‟ §ேºச¸கÃர¢ிì¸கôÀபð¼ட ‟ ¾தÃர¨ைÅவì ‟ hyb ĉ,QWUDSRODVLĊ lÆÁ ĉ(NVWUDSRODVLĊ
Âய¢ிýãÄலõ ‟´ஒÕ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû, ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟§ே¾த¡ாÃர½ண¢ி ‟ (Pola) ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ Åவ¢ி§ேÅவ¸கÁம¡ா¸க ‟
Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø. ‟
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1.1.9 ‟ ¦ெºசÂயø¤jÁ ‟
1 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ÝÆழÄல¢ிø ‟ §ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாñ¼ட ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¨ைÂயÔõ ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிó¾தÅவü¨ைÈறÔõ ‟
Çj»µjÙôÀபÎòÐÅவ÷ ‟ ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
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Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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3 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ÝÆழÄல¢ிø ‟§ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாñ¼ட ‟¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¨ைÂயÔõ ‟¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிó¾தÅவü¨ைÈறÔõ ‟
ÌÈற¢ிôÀப¢ிð¼ட ‟ÜÚ¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø. ‟
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ÌÈற¢ிôÀப¢ிð¼ட ‟ÜÚ¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟´ஒýÚìÌõ ‟§ேÁமüÀபðÎ ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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5 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ÝÆழÄல¢ிø ‟ §ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாñ¼ட ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிó¾த ‟ ¸கÕòÐÕ¨ைÅவ ‟
´ஒðÊ ‟Áம¢ி¸கô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟´ஒÕ ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிô¨ைÀபò ‟§ே¾த÷ó¦ெ¾தÎòÐì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
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6 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ÝÆழÄல¢ிø ‟ §ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாñ¼ட ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிó¾த ‟ ¸கÕòÐÕ¨ைÅவ ‟
´ஒðÊ ‟Áம¢ி¸கô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟´ஒÕ ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளì¸கò¨ை¾தò ‟§ே¾த÷ó¦ெ¾தÎòÐ ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟ ‟
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1.1.10 ‟ Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¿ந¢ி÷½ணÂய¢ிôÀப÷ ‟ 1 ‟ µμஓ÷ ‟¬ஆöÅவ¢ிø ‟ºச¡ா÷ó¾த¢ிÕìÌõ ‟Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟«அ¨ை¼டÂய¡ாªÇளõ ‟¸க¡ாÏ¾தø. ‟
2 ‟ µμஓ÷ ‟¬ஆöÅவ¢ிø ‟ºச¡ா÷ó¾த¢ிÕìÌõ ‟Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟

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3 ‟ µμஓ÷ ‟¬ஆöÅவ¢ிø ‟¾தüºச¡ா÷Ò ‟Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¨ைÂய ‟¿ந¢ி÷½ணÂய¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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4 ‟ µμஓ÷ ‟ ¬ஆöÅவ¢ிø ‟ ¾தüºச¡ா÷Ò ‟ Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¨ைÂய ‟ ¿ந¢ி÷½ணÂய¢ிò¾தô ‟ Àப¢ிÈறÌ ‟ ºச¡ா÷Ò ‟ Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¨ைÂயÔõ ‟
¸கðÎôÀபÎò¾தôÀபð¼ட ‟Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¨ைÂயÔõ ‟¿ந¢ி÷½ணÂய¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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5 ‟ µμஓ÷ ‟ ¬ஆöÅவ¢ிø ‟ ¾தüºச¡ா÷Ò ‟ Áம¡ாÈற¢ி ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ºச¡ா÷Ò ‟ Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¸கÙì¸க¢ி¨ை¼ட§ேÂய ‟ ¯ˉஉûªÇள ‟
¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷¨ைÀப ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø. ‟
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6 ‟ ¸கðÎôÀபÎò¾தôÀபð¼ட ‟ Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¨ைÂயò ‟ ¾த÷ºச¡ா÷Ò ‟ Áம¡ாÈற¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟ Áம¡ாüÈற¢ி ‟ «அ¾தýÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ Ò¾த¢ிÂய ‟
ºச¡ா÷Ò ‟Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¨ைÂயì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
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1.1.11 ‟ ¸கÕÐ§ே¸க¡ாjÓ ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌÅவ÷ ‟ 1 ‟ µμஓ÷ ‟¬ஆöÅவ¢ிø ‟¸க¡ா½ணôÀபÎõ ‟Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
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2 ‟ µμஓ÷ ‟¬ஆöÅவ¢ிø ‟¸க¡ா½ணôÀபÎõ ‟Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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3 ‟ µμஓ÷ ‟¬ஆöÅவ¢ிø¸க¡ா½ணôÀபÎõ ‟Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¸கÙì¸க¢ி¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷¨ைÀப ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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4 ‟ µμஓ÷ ‟¬ஆöÅவ¢ிø ‟Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¸கÙì¸க¢ி¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷¨ைÀப ‟¬ஆÃர¡ாöóÐ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÐò ‟
¾த¸கÅவ¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
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5 ‟ ¾தüºச¡ா÷Ò ‟Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¨ைÂயÔõ ‟ºச¡ா÷Ò ‟Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¨ைÂயÔõ ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ÒôÀபÎò¾த¢ிô ‟
ÀபÃர¢ி§ேºச¡ா¾த¨ைÉனìÌì ‟¸கÕÐ§ே¸க¡ா¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
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6 ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸க¢ிÂய ‟¸கÕÐ§ே¸க¡ா¨ைªÇளì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ÀபÃர¢ி§ேºச¡ா¾த¨ைÉன¨ைÂயò ‟
¾த¢ிð¼டÁம¢ிÎ¾தø. ‟
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1.1.12 ‟ ÀபÃர¢ி§ேºச¡ா¾த¨ைÉன ‟¦ெºசöÅவ÷ ‟ 1 ‟ «அ¨ை¼டÂய¡ாªÇளí ‟ ¸கñ¼ட ‟ Àப¢ிÃரîºச¨ைÉன ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Àப¡ாÉன ‟ Åவ¢ிªÇளì¸கí¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟
ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
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2 ‟ «அ¨ை¼டÂய¡ாªÇளí ‟ ¸கñ¼ட ‟ Àப¢ிÃரîºச¨ைÉன ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Àப¡ாÉன ‟ ¸கÕÐ§ே¸க¡ா¨ைªÇள ‟
¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
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3 ‟ ¾த¢ிð¼டÁம¢ிð¼டÀபÊ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தÁம¡ாÉன ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ிÓ¨ைÈற ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ ¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
¿ந¢ி÷½ணÂய¢ிò¾தø. ‟
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4 ‟ ¸கÕÐ§ே¸க¡ா¨ைªÇளô ‟ÀபÃர¢ி§ேºச¡ா¾த¢ிì¸க ‟¬ஆö¨ைÅவ ‟§ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇளø. ‟
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5 ‟ ÀபÃர¢ி§ேºச¡ா¾த¨ைÉன ‟ §ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø, ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ §ேºச¸கÃர¢ிò¾தø, ‟
¾த¸கÅவ¨ைÄல ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟ÓÊ¦ெÅவÎò¾தÄல¢ிý ‟ãÄலõ ‟¸கÕÐ§ே¸க¡ா¨ைªÇள ‟
¿ந¢ிÕÀப¢ிòÐ ‟«அÈற¢ிì¨ை¸க ‟¾தÂய¡ாÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟ ‟
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6 ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸கôÀபð¼ட ‟ Åவ¢ிÉன¡ாì¸கªÇள¢ிÄல¢ிÕóÐ ‟ Ò¾த¢ிÂய ‟ ¸கÕÐ§ே¸க¡ா¨ைªÇளî ‟
§ேºச¡ா¾த¢ிì¸க ‟ Ò¾த¢ிÂய ‟ Åவ¢ிÉன¡ாì¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟
ÀபÃர¢ி§ேºச¡ா¾த¨ைÉன¨ைÂயò ‟¾த¢ிð¼டÁம¢ி¼டø. ‟
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ûªÇள¼டì¸க ‟¾தÃரõ ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟¾தÃரõ ‟
1.2 ‟ ¨ை¸கÅவ¢ி¨ைÉனò ‟ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கìÌò ‟ §ே¾த¨ைÅவôÀபÎõ ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ô ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கû, ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ì ‟
¾த¢ிÈறý ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû: ‟ ¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸கû ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟(spesimen) ‟ÀபðÊÂயÄல¢ிÎ¾தø. ‟
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‟ 1.2.1 ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கjÓ¸´, ‟ 2 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கìÌò ‟ §ே¾த¨ைÅவôÀபÎõ ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ô ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கû, ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ì ‟

lÚÈµÆy¾ÈyjÓ¸´ ‟ ¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸கû ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ ¨ை¸கÂய¡ாÙõ ‟ ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟ Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂய ‟
‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸கô ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐÅவ÷; ‟ Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
¨ை¸கÂய¡ாÙÅவ÷ ‟
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‟ 1.2.2 ‟ Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟(spesimen) ‟ 3 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கìÌò ‟ §ே¾த¨ைÅவôÀபÎõ ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ô ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கû, ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ì ‟
Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟Àப¡ாÐ¸க¡ாôÀப¡ா¸க×õ ‟ ¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸கû ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟Ó¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟¨ை¸கÂய¡ாÙ¾தø. ‟
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¨ை¸கÂய¡ாÙÅவ÷. ‟ ‟
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‟ 1.2.3 ‟ Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¸கû, ‟¬ஆö×ì ‟¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸கû, ‟ 4 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கìÌò ‟ §ே¾த¨ைÅவôÀபÎõ ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ô ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கû, ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ì ‟
lÚÈµÆ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ ¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸கû ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟ ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐ¾தø, ‟
‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸க ‟Åவ¨ைÃரÅவ÷. ‟ ¨ை¸கÂய¡ாÙ¾தø, ‟ Åவ¨ைÃர¾தø, ‟ Íò¾தôÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ Àப¡ாÐ¸க¡ாôÀப¡ா¸க ‟ ±எÎòÐ ‟
‟ ¨ைÅவò¾தø. ‟
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‟ 1.2.4 ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ô ‟¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟ 5 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கìÌò ‟ §ே¾த¨ைÅவôÀபÎõ ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ô ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கû, ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ì ‟
Ó¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟Íò¾தõ ‟¦ெºசöÅவ÷. ‟ ¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸கû ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟ ¸கÅவÉனÓ¼டÛõ ‟
‟ ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐ¾தø, ‟ ¨ை¸கÂய¡ாÙ¾தø, ‟ Åவ¨ைÃர¾தø, ‟ Íò¾தôÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟
Àப¡ாÐ¸க¡ாôÀப¡ா¸க ‟±எÎòÐ ‟¨ைÅவò¾தø. ‟
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‟ 1.2.5 ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ 6 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கìÌò ‟ §ே¾த¨ைÅவôÀபÎõ ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ô ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கû, ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ì ‟
«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ ¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸கû ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟ Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟ ¸கÅவÉனÓ¼டÛõ ‟
Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ா¸க×õ ‟Àப¡ாÐ¸க¡ாôÀப¡ா¸க×õ ‟ ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐ¾தø, ‟ ¨ை¸கÂய¡ாÙ¾தø, ‟ Åவ¨ைÃர¾தø, ‟ Íò¾தôÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟
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±எÎòÐ ‟¨ைÅவôÀப÷. ‟ Àப¡ாÐ¸க¡ாôÀப¡ா¸க ‟ ±எÎòÐ¨ைÅவò¾தø. ‟ ÁமüÈற ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கÙìÌî ‟ ºச¢ிÈறó¾த ‟
‟ ¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணÁம¡ா¸க ‟þஇ−Õò¾தø. ‟
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2. ‟ ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிý ‟Åவ¢ி¾த¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¸கû ‟
2.1 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû: ‟ ‟ ‟
«அ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிý ‟ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிý´ஒÕ ‟Åவ¢ி¾த¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¨ைÂயì ‟ÜÚ¾தø ‟
Åவ¢ி¾த¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¸கû ‟ 2.1.1 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ «அ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிý ‟ ‟
Åவ¢ி¾த¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¸க¨ைªÇளôÀப¢ிýÀபüÚÅவ÷ ‟ ‟
2 ‟ ´ஒýÚìÌõ ‟§ேÁமüÀபð¼ட ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிýÅவ¢ி¾த¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ÜÚ¾தø ‟
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3 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிý´ஒÕ ‟Åவ¢ி¾த¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¨ைÂய«அÁமøÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟
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4 ‟ ´ஒýÚìÌõ ‟§ேÁமüÀபð¼ட ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிý ‟Åவ¢ி¾த¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¸க¨ைªÇள ‟«அÁமøÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟
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5 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிýÅவ¢ி¾த¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟Àப¢ிýÀபüÚÅவ¾தý ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ணò¨ை¾தì ‟ÜÚ¾தø ‟
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6 ‟ «அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟ «அ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிýÅவ¢ி¾த¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ Àப¢ிýÀபüÚÅவ¾த¢ிø ‟ ºச¸க ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கÙìÌ ‟
¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணÁம¡ா¸க ‟þஇ−Õò¾தø ‟
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¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÂயø ‟
3. ‟ ‟ Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸க ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாíÌ ‟
¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கò ‟¾தÃரõ ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟¾தÃரõ ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÒ ‟
¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟
3.1 ‟ÈÁ|yÔä ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ 1 ‟ r¼yÔ°¾¨ ´ ‟yj¯µbß ‟©hÇ®© ‟¤jÁ¶Â¾¨ õ ‟
Ù®¬¢ ‟ ‟ Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கû ‟äjßò ‟Þyb¢ ~ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÊÕìÌõ ‟
3.1.1 ‟ Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ Ù®¬ò ‟äj¯jµ¸´ ‟£¢jjµ¸´ ‟}ÜÆ. ‟
äj¯jµ¸´, ‟
äjßò ‟ ±எ¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¸கªÇள¢ி¼டÁம¢ிÕóÐ ‟¾தý¨ைÉனò ‟¾தü¸க¡ாòÐì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟¯ˉஉ¼டÄல¢ிø ‟ ‟ ‟
Þyb¢ ~ ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÊÕìÌõ ‟ºச¢ிÈறôÒò ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயÔõ ‟ ‟£¢jjµ¸´ ‟ 2 ‟ r¼yÔ°¾¨ ´ ‟yj¯µbß ‟©hÇ®© ‟¤jÁ¶Â¾¨ õ ‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟ Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟°ஊ¼ட¸கí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிóÐ ‟«அ¨ை¼டÂய¡ாªÇளõ ‟ ‟ Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கû ‟äjßò ‟Þyb¢ ~ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÊÕìÌõ ‟
i¯Þ¦ெ¸க¡ாØÖ´ ‟ ¸க¡ாÏÅவ÷. ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணõ ‟: ‟ ‟ Ù®¬ò ‟äj¯jµ¸´ ‟£¢jjµ¸´ ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிòÆ. ‟
£¢jjµ¸´ ‟ x Ü÷¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉன ‟Óð¸கû ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟ÓûªÇளõÀபýÈற¢ி, ‟Óû ‟Áம£ீý; ‟ ‟ ‟
3 ‟ r¼yÔ°¾¨ ´ ‟yj¯µbß ‟©hÇ®©¤jÁ¶Â¾¨ õ ‟
lÚÆ. ‟ x ¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟µμஓÎ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟¬ஆ¨ைÁம, ‟¸க¼டÄல¡ா¨ைÁம; ‟ ‟ Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கû ‟äjßò ‟Þyb¢ ~ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÊÕìÌõ ‟
‟ x ¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟¦ெºச¾த¢ிø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟«அØíÌ, ‟Ó¾த¨ைÄல ‟ ‟ Ù®¬ò ‟äj¯jµ¸´ ‟£¢jjµ¸´ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணòÐ¼டý ‟
x ¦ெ¸க¡ாõÒ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟±எÕ¨ைÁம, ‟Áம¡ாý; ‟ ‟ Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌÆ. ‟
‟ ‟
x Çcéõ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟§ே¾தû, ‟âÃர¡ாñ; ‟ 4 ‟ r¼yÔ°¾¨ ´ ‟yj¯µbß ‟©hÇ®© ‟¤jÁ¶Â¾¨ õ ‟
x ¯ˉஉ¼ட¨ைÄலî ‟ÍÕñÎ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟ÁமÃரÅவð¨ை¼ட, ‟ ‟ Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கû ‟äjßò ‟Þyb¢ ~ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÊÕìÌõ ‟
«அØíÌ; ‟ ‟ Ù®¬ò ‟äj¯jµ¸´ ‟£¢jjµ¸´ ‟Çj»yjÁ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟
‟ ¯ˉஉ¾Çb~|Æ. ‟
x ¿ந¢ிÈற ‟Áம¡ாüÈறõ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟µμஓ½ண¡ாý, ‟¦ெÀபÕÁம¡ாû ‟âîºச¢ி; ‟
‟ ‟
x ¯ˉஉ¼டø ‟Àப¡ா¸கò¨ை¾தò ‟ÐñÊòÐì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟ 5 ‟ ÈÁ|yÔä ‟Ù®¬ ‟äj¯jµ¸´ ‟äjßò ‟Þyb¢ ~ ‟
ÀபøÄல¢ி, ‟ ‟ ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûÖ´ ‟£¢j¶ä ‟lÚjÇ¸´ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ‟iÇÜª»byû ‟
‟ ¾தí¸கjÓò ‟¾தü¸க¡ாòÐì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟Ó¨ைÈற¸க¨ைªÇள ‟Óý ‟
x µμஓðÎìÌû ‟¯ˉஉ¼ட¨ைÄல ‟´ஒªÇள¢ிòÐì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟
‟ «அÛÁம¡ாÉனõ ‟¦ெºசöÐ ‟¿ந¢ிÂய¡ாÂயôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
¿நò¨ை¾த, ‟¬ஆ¨ைÁம; ‟ ‟ ‟
x Üð¼டÁம¡ா¸க ‟Åவ¡ாú¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟Âய¡ா¨ைÉன, ‟¦ெ¿நò¾த¢ிÄல¢ி; ‟ 6 ‟ ÈÁ|yÔä ‟Ù®¬ ‟äj¯jµ¸´ ‟äjßò ‟Þyb¢ ~ ‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாûÖ´ ‟£¢jÔõ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟yÞ©jß ‟ª»bÂய¢ிä ‟
p¾Çj»jÇ ‟p¾Çb~¸க¢ி ‟«அó¾தò ‟¾தý¨ைÁமÂய¢ிý ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟
ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
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¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கò ‟¾தÃரõ ‟ ¸கüÈறø ‟¾தÃரõ ‟
3.1.2 ‟ Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கû ‟±எ¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¸கªÇள¢ி¼டÁம¢ிÕóÐõ ‟yj¯µbß ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ©hÇ®©¤jÁ¶Â¾¨ õ ‟¾தý¨ைÉனò ‟¾தü¸க¡ாòÐì ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟¯ˉஉ¼டÄல¢ிø ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÊÕìÌõ ‟ºச¢ிÈறôÒò ‟ ‟
‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயÔõ ‟ ‟£¢jjµ¸´ ‟Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟ ‟
‟ °ஊ¼ட¸கí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிóÐ ‟«அ¨ை¼டÂய¡ாªÇளõ ‟
‟ ¸க¡ாÏÅவ÷. ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணõ ‟: ‟
‟
‟
x ¾தÊò¾த ‟¯ˉஉ§ேÃர¡ாÁமõ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟ÐÕÅவì ‟¸கÃரÊ, ‟ÐÕÅவ ‟
‟
µμஓ¿ந¡ாö; ‟
‟
‟ ‟ ‟ x ¢ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாØ®¬ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟yÆ ‟y´, ‟
‟ °yÁ´, ‟h©|Èä; ‟ ‟
‟
‟ x Áம¢ிÆ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟uy´, ‟ybjÓ¯b; ‟
‟ x iÞÚÆ ‟¬»ÖÆ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟r¾j¯, ‟
‟ ybb°¾y´; ‟
‟ x n´ ‟h©µÀÆ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாì|, ‟°yÁ´; ‟
‟ x ¡zì ‟yÎ¢Æ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟y», ‟¬â| ‟jß; ‟
‟ ‟
3.1.3 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி ó¾தÅவü¨ைÈற ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர, ‟¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟
¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõ, ‟±எØòÐ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟
Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌÅவ÷. ‟
3.2 ‟Àப¢ி»byÔä ‟ ‟ ‟ ¯bÇÀyØ ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟
p¾Çj»jµ ‟ 3.2.1 ‟ r¼yÔ°¾¨ ´ ‟©hÇ®©¤jÁ¶Â¾¨ ´ ‟
p¾Çb~|Æ ‟ ‟ äjßò ‟Þyb¢ ~ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ´ ‟¸கüÀப¨ைÉன ‟
‟ ª»b½ண¢ிÂய¢ிä ‟p¾Çj»¨ைÂய ‟p¾Çb~|Æ. ‟
‟ ‟
3.2.2 ‟ p¾Çb~zµp¾¯b¼¶Ær¼¯ÞÜ´
©hÇ®©¤jÁ¶Â¾¨ Þyb¢ ~¦ெ¸க¡ாØÖ´
Ù®¬¢äj¯yÔäyb»~}ÜyjÓ~}ÜÆ. ‟
‟


3.3 ‟Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟
¿ந£ீÎ¿ந¢ிÄலÅவø ‟ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ ÈÁ|yÔä ‟nßÈ¾¢ ‟²jÙyjÓ~ ‟}ÜÆ. ‟
3.3.1 ‟ Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கû ‟«அÆழ¢ிóÐ ‟Åவ¢ி¼ட¡ாÁமø ‟n¾~y ‟¿ந£ீÎ¿ந¢ிÄலÅவ¨ைÄல ‟ ‟ ‟
¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ி ‟¦ெºசöÂய ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÊÕìÌõ ‟¾தÉன¢ிò¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயì ‟ 2 ‟ ÈÁ|yÔä ‟¥¤ÁÇjÁ ‟pÜhº¸´ ‟²jÙyjÓ ‟
ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ ÈÓ~|Æ. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
Óð¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÎõ ‟Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கû ‟¿ந£ீÎ¿ந¢ிÄலÅவ¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ி ‟ 3 ‟ ¥¤ÁÇÂä ‟¦ெÀப¡ா¾jÓ ‟ÈÓ~|Æ. ‟
¦ெºசöÅவ¨ை¾தô ‟Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟°ஊ¼ட¸கí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிóÐ ‟ ‟ ‟
«அ¨ை¼டÂய¡ாªÇளí ‟¸க¡ாÏÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ 4 ‟ ÈÁ|yÔä ‟¥¤ÁÇjÁ ‟pÜhº¸´ ‟²jÙyjÓ ‟
‟
‟ ¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
x Óð¨ை¼ட¸க¨ைªÇள ‟´ஒªÇள¢ிòÐ ‟¨ைÅவò¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟Ó¾த¨ைÄல, ‟
‟ ‟
¦ெÅவðÎì¸க¢ிªÇள¢ி, ‟ÀபøÄல¢ி; ‟
5 ‟ ¯ÞÙ ‟p¶¼ßyÔjiµ ‟ÈÁ|yÔä ‟¥¤ÁÇÄல¢ிä ‟
x «அ¾த¢ி¸க ‟Óð¨ை¼டÂய¢ிÎ¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟®ஈ, ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாÍ, ‟ ‟ ²~zµ¢ Ç¢j® ‟©ÞÚµ ‟sÆyjÓ ‟p¾Çb~|Æ. ‟
¸க¼டÄல¡ா¨ைÁம; ‟ ‟ ‟
x ÅவÆழÅவÆழôÀப¡ாÉன ‟Àப¨ைºச ‟¦ெ¸க¡ா ‟²j ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟ 6 ‟ «அôÀப¢ிÃர¡ா½ண¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟äj¯jµ¸´ ‟£¢j¶ä ‟lÚjÇ¸´ ‟
¾தÅவ¨ைªÇள, ‟Áம£ீý; ‟ ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ‟¯ÞÙ ‟ÈÁ|yû ‟¥¤ÁÇjÁ ‟
x Óð¨ை¼ட¨ைÂய ‟«அ¨ை¼டì¸க¡ாò¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟§ே¸க¡ாÆழ¢ி, ‟ ‟ pÜhº¸´ ‟²jÙyjÓlâ¯bà¢ ‟
¦ெÀபíÌÅவ¢ிý, ‟ÀபÈற¨ைÅவ; ‟ ‟ ¤µbµ®©¢ Æ. ‟
x Óð¨ை¼ட¨ைÂயô ‟Àப¡ாÐ¸க¡ாò¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟Àப¡ாõÒ, ‟ÀபÈற¨ைÅவ. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
3.3.2 ‟ Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கû ‟ÌðÊ¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟Àப¡ாÐ¸க¡ாìÌõ ‟Åவ¢ி¾தò¨ை¾தì ‟ ‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟¿ந£ீÎ¿ந¢ிÄலÅவ¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ி¦ெºசöÅவ¨ை¾தô ‟Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ °ஊ¼ட¸கí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிóÐ ‟«அ¨ை¼டÂய¡ாªÇளí ‟¸க¡ாÏÅவ÷. ‟
‟ ‟
‟ ‟
x Àப¡ாæðÎ¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟â¨ைÉன, ‟ÒÄல¢ி, ‟Áம¡ாÎ; ‟ ‟
x ÌðÊìÌ ‟¯ˉஉ½ணçðÎ¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟ÀபÈற¨ைÅவ, ‟ºச¢ிí¸கõ; ‟ ‟
‟ x ÌðÊ¨ைÂய ‟ÅவÂய¢ிüÚô ‟¨ைÀபÂய¢ிø ‟ÍÁமò¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟ ‟
¸கí¸க¡ாÕ; ‟ ‟
‟
x Üð¼டÁம¡ா¸க ‟þஇ−ÂயíÌ¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟Âய¡ா¨ைÉன, ‟
Áம¨ைÆழìÌÕÅவ¢ி; ‟


‟ ‟
x ÌðÊ¨ைÂய ‟Åவ¡ாÂய¢ிø ‟ÍÁமò¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟Ó¾த¨ைÄல, ‟
¾த¢ிÄலôÀப¢ிÂய¡ா ‟Áம£ீý; ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
x ÌðÊ¸கÙìÌ ‟¬ஆÀபòÐ ‟²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟§ேÀப¡ாÐ ‟ ‟
¾த¡ாìÌ¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟â¨ைÉன, ‟§ே¸க¡ாÆழ¢ி. ‟
‟
3.3.4 ‟ ¿ந£ீÎ¿ந¢ிÄலÅவÄல¢ிý ‟Óì¸க¢ிòÐÅவò¨ை¾தô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÐ¨ைÁமôÀபÎòÐÅவ÷. ‟
‟ ‟
‟ 3.3.5 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிó¾தÅவü¨ைÈற ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர, ‟¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟
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3.4 ‟¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÉனí¸கªÇள¢ி¨ை¼ட§ேÂய ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟

²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟¯ˉஉ½ண×ò ‟ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ pÈ ‟ºசzÂ¶ä ‟r¢ ~ ‟ybyjÓ~ ‟}Ü¾தø. ‟
¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷¬ ‟ 3.4.1 ‟ ¯ˉஉ½ண×î ‟ºசí¸க¢ிÄல¢ி ‟±எýÀபÐ ‟¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÉனí¸கªÇள¢ி¨ை¼ட§ேÂய ‟ ‟ ‟
²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟¯ˉஉ½ண×ò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾தì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ 2 ‟ pÊ ‟zÂ ‟¯ÞÜ´ ‟p× ‟ÇjÁ¶ä ‟
‟ ‟ ÈÓ~y¢j~ ‟}Ü¾தø. ‟
3.4.2 ‟ Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟Åவ¡ாØÁம¢ி¼டí¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟ÌªÇளõ, ‟¸க¡ாÎ, ‟Òø¦ெÅவªÇள¢ி, ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ¦ெ¿நøÅவÂயø, ‟§ே¾த¡ாð¼டí¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟¸க¡ா½ணôÀபÎõ ‟¯ˉஉ½ண×î ‟ 3 ‟ pÞ©¢µbÓÀ ‟¯ÞÜ´ ‟©µábÓÀyjÓ ‟ljµbÓ´ ‟
‟ ºசí¸க¢ிÄல¢ி¨ைÂய ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ y ‟pÊzÂ ‟¯ÞÜ´ ‟pÊ ‟ÇjÁjµ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ p¾Çb~|¾தø. ‟
3.4.3 ‟ ¯ˉஉ½ண×î ‟ºசí¸க¢ிÄல¢ிÂய¢ிø ‟Ó¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ºசì¾த¢ி ‟ÝÃர¢ிÂய ‟´ஒªÇள¢ி ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ 4 ‟ µμஓ÷ ‟pÊ ‟zÂ¶ø ‟²äj¯ ‟~ ‟¼µ ‟uÔ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ rä©jô ‟¦ெÀப¡ா j¯®©¢ ¾தø. ‟
3.4.4 ‟ ¯ˉஉ½ண×î ‟ºசí¸க¢ிÄல¢ிÂய¢ிø ‟¯ˉஉüÀபò¾த¢ிÂய¡ாªÇள¨ைÃரÔõ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ÀபÂயÉன£ீð¼ட¡ாªÇள¨ைÃரÔõ ‟«அ¨ை¼டÂய¡ாªÇளí ‟¸க¡ாÏÅவ÷. ‟ 5 ‟ p¶¼ßyÔär~jy¶ÆsÞ©´´ஒÕ ‟¯bÞÙõ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ÁமüÈற ‟¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÉனí¸கÙìÌ ‟²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟ÈjÓjÇ
3.4.5 ‟ ÇbÐ°¢Æ ‟¸க¡ா½ணôÀபÎõ ‟ÀபÄல ‟¯ˉஉ½ண× ‟ ‟ ¤µbµ®©¢ ¾தø. ‟
‟ ºசí¸க¢ிÄல¢ி¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟þஇ−¨ை½ணôÒ¸கû ‟¯ˉஉ½ண× ‟Åவ¨ைÄல ‟±எÉனì ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ 6 ‟ ~¶ä ‟¯bÞÙ¢ä ‟ÇÎ ‟sÞ©´ ‟uÔiÀ~jy ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ hµÞ©bzÞ|´ ‟p¶¼ßyÔjiµ ‟pØÓ ‟pÊ¢ ‟
3.4.6 ‟ Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟Åவ¡ாØÁம¢ி¼டí¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟ÌªÇளõ, ‟¸க¡ாÎ, ‟Òø¦ெÅவªÇள¢ி, ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ªÞ|´ ‟pØÓ ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÀj© ‟¾í¸கì ‟}ÜÆ. ‟
¦ெ¿நøÅவÂயø ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟§ே¾த¡ாð¼டí¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟¸க¡ா½ணôÀபÎõ ‟
¯ˉஉ½ண× ‟Åவ¨ைÄல¨ைÂய ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌÅவ÷. ‟
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‟
«அ¨ை¼ட×¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÒ ‟
‟ ‟
3.4.7 ‟ Åவ¡ாØÁம¢ி¼டò¾த¢ிø ‟¸க¡ா½ணôÀபÎõ ‟¯ˉஉ½ண× ‟Åவ¨ைÄலÂய¢ிø ‟þஇ−ÕìÌõ ‟
‟ ¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÉனí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟±எñ½ண¢ிì¨ை¸கÂய¢ிø ‟Áம¡ாüÈறõ ‟²ஏüÀபð¼ட¡ாø ‟ ‟ ‟
¿ந¢ி¸கØõ ‟Åவ¢ி¨ைªÇள×¸க¨ைªÇள ‟«அÛÁம¡ாÉன¢ிôÀப÷. ‟
‟
3.4.8 ‟ ¯ˉஉ½ண×Åவ¨ைÄலÂய¢ிø ‟¯ˉஉûªÇள ‟¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÉனí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟¿ந£ீÎ ‟¿ந¢ிÄலÅவÄல¢ிý ‟
‟ «அÅவºச¢ிÂயò¨ை¾தô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÐ¨ைÁமôÀபÎòÐÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟
3.4.9 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிó¾தÅவü¨ைÈற ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர ‟¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟
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4. ‟bÇ»yØ ‟Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸க ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாíÌ ‟
‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
4.1 ‟¾த¡ாÅவÃரí¸கû ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ‟ ‟

¾தý¨ைÉனò ‟ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ ¾தí¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟ÞybòÐì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள×õ ‟dibé ‟
¾தü¸க¡ாòÐì ‟ 4.1.1 ‟ ¾த¡ாÅவÃரí¸கû ‟±எ¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¸கªÇள¢ி¼டÁம¢ிÕóÐ ‟¾தý¨ைÉனò ‟¾தü¸க¡ாòÐì ‟ ‟ ¤jÁ~iyÞ©×õ ‟ÀபÕÅவ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¾த¢ிüÌ ‟²ஏüÀப ‟u¢ ® ‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÊÕìÌõ ‟ºச¢ிÈறôÒò ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ ‟ §ேÀப¡ாÌõ ‟bÇ»yÔä ‟Ù®¬¢ ‟äj¯yjÓì ‟}Ü¾தø. ‟ ‟
¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎûªÇள ‟ºச¢ிÈறôÒ ‟ §ே¿நÃரÊÂய¡ா¸க ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟°ஊ¼ட¸கí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ ‟ ‟
äj¯yØ ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிóÐ ‟ ‟ÈÓ~|ÇÀ. ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணõ ‟: ‟ 2 ‟ ¾தí¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟Þyb¢ ~hybØÓÊ´dibé ‟
‟
‟ ¤jÁ~iyÞ©×õ ‟ÀபÕÅவ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¾த¢ிüÌ ‟²ஏüÀப ‟u¢ ® ‟
x Óû ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாð¼ட¡ாüÍÕí¸க¢ி, ‟¸கûªÇள¢ி; ‟
‟ §ேÀப¡ாÌõ ‟bÇ»yÔä ‟Ù®¬¢ ‟äj¯yjÓÈÇ¼¢Æ. ‟
x Àப¡ாø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟ÀபÄல¡ா, ‟§ேºசÁமî ‟¦ெºசÊ; ‟ ‟ ‟
‟
x Í¨ைÉன ‟pbĊÁbÁbĊ¸கÕõÒ, ‟ãí¸க¢ிø; ‟ 3 ‟ ¾தí¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟Þyb¢ ~hybØÓÊ´dibé ‟
x Çcé´¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟ybÓbäĊh©b-‐h©bĊ; ‟ ¤jÁ~iyÞ©×õ ‟ÀபÕÅவ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¾த¢ிüÌ ‟²ஏüÀப ‟u¢ ® ‟
§ேÀப¡ாÌõ ‟bÇ»yÔä ‟Ù®¬¢ ‟äj¯yjÓr¢ ~
x Áம½ணõ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟Ċ»b®ÁccµbĊ¬jyµcjÄல. ‟ ‟ ‟ ybyÖäÈÓ~|Æ. ‟ ‟
4.1.2 ‟ bÇ»yØdibé£cjÁ~iyÞ©äjß ‟ ‟
´ஒòÐô§ேÀப¡ா¸க ‟¯ˉஉ¾த×õ ‟ºச¢ிÈறôÒò ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ 4 ‟ ¾தí¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟Þyb¢ ~hybØÓÊ´dibé ‟

§ே¿நÃரÊÂய¡ா¸க ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟°ஊ¼ட¸கí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ ¤jÁ~iyÞ©×õ ‟ÀபÕÅவ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¾த¢ிüÌ ‟²ஏüÀப ‟u¢ ® ‟
¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிóÐ ‟ÈÓ~|ÇÀ. ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணõ ‟: ‟ §ேÀப¡ாÌõ ‟bÇ»yÔä ‟Ù®¬¢ ‟äj¯yjÓì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟
‟
Çj»yjÁp¾Çb~|Æ. ‟
x ¿ந£ீªÇளÁம¡ாÉன ‟§ேÅவ÷ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟¸கûªÇள¢ி; ‟
‟
x ¿ந£ீ¨ைÃரî ‟§ேºசÁம¢ிòÐ ‟¨ைÅவò¾த¢ிÕìÌõ ‟¾தñÎ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟
¸கûªÇள¢ி, ‟Åவ¡ா¨ைÆழ; ‟
x ÍÕñ¼ட ‟þஇ−¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟Åவ¡ா¨ைÆழ, ‟§ேºசÁமî ‟¦ெºசÊ; ‟
‟


¯ˉஉûªÇள¼டì¸கò ‟ ‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
¸கüÈறø ‟¾தÃரõ ‟
¾தÃரõ ‟ «அ¨ை¼ட×¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÒ ‟
‟ x þஇ−¨ைÄல¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¢ி÷¾தø ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟¦ெ¿ந¡ாöÅவ ‟ÁமÃரõ ‟ 5 ‟ ¯ÞÙ ‟bÇ»yÔä ‟Ù®¬ò ‟äj¯yjÓ ‟lÚ¨ ‟l¨ைÅவ ‟
Þyb¢ ~hybØÓÊ´dibé ‟¤jÁ~iyÞ©×õ ‟ÀபÕÅவ ‟
‟ x °ஊºச¢ி ‟ÅவÊÅவ¢ிÄல¡ாÉன ‟njÁyØ ‟pbĊ¿Ċ¯»´, ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¾த¢ிüÌ ‟²ஏüÀப ‟u¢ ® ‟§ேÀப¡ாÌõ ‟bÇ»yÔä ‟
‟ yØÔ; ‟ Ù®¬¢ ‟äj¯yjÓlâ¯bà¢ ¤µbµ®©¢ Æ. ‟
‟ x ¾தÉன¢ிò ‟¾தÉன¢ி§ேÂய ‟Àப¢ிÃர¢ிó¾த ‟þஇ−¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟ ‟
¦ெ¾தý¨ைÉன. ‟ 6 ‟ ¯ÞÙ ‟p¶¼ßyÔjiµ ‟bÇ»yÔä ‟Ù®¬¢ ‟äj¯yÔä ‟
‟
²~zµ¢ Ç¢j® ‟©ÞÚ ‟sÆ ‟p¾Çb~|Æ. ‟
‟ ‟
¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிó¾தÅவü¨ைÈற ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர, ‟¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ ‟

4.1.3 ‟
¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõ, ‟±எØòÐ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟
Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌÅவ÷. ‟
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‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
4.2 ‟¾த¡ாÅவÃரí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ‟ ¯bÇÀyØ ‟: ‟ 1 ‟ bÇ»yû ‟ÈjyØ ‟lÆÁ ‟
¿ந£ீÎ¿ந¢ிÄலÇÆ ‟ 4.2.1 ‟ ¾த¡ாÅவÃரí¸கû ‟Åவ¢ி¨ை¾த¸கû ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟ÀபÆழí¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ÀபÃரôÒõ ‟ ‟ ©ÍyjÓ® ‟©»®¬´ ‟È¢j~ ‟}ÜÆ. ‟
‟ ‟ Åவ¢ி¾தò¨ை¾த ‟§ே¿நÃரÊÂய¡ா¸க§ேÅவ¡ா ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 2 ‟ bÇ»yû ‟ÈjyØ ‟lÆÁ ‟
°ஊ¼ட¸கí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ãÄலÁம¡ா¸க§ேÅவ¡ா ‟«அÈற¢ிóÐ ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟
‟ ‟ ©ÍyjÓ® ‟©»®¬´ ‟È¢j¦ெÂய¡ா ‟
¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணõ ‟: ‟
‟ ‟ pb»yØ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ா¢Æ. ‟
‟ x ¿ந£ீÃர¢ிý ‟ãÄலõ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟¾த¡ாÁம¨ைÃர, ‟¦ெ¾தý¨ைÉன; ‟ 3 ‟ ‟
‟ x ¸க¡ாüÚ ‟ãÄலõ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟Äல¡ாÄல¡ாí, ‟«அíºச¡ாÉன¡ா; ‟ ‟ ÈjyØ ‟lÆÁ ‟©ÍyÔä ‟
‟ x ÁமÉன¢ி¾த÷¸கû ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Åவ¢ிÄலíÌ¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ãÄலõ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟ ‟ äj¯yjÓ¸´ ‟©»®¬´ ‟È¢j¸´ ‟
‟ ´ஒðÎôÒø, ‟ÀபôÀப¡ாªÇள¢ி; ‟ 4 ‟ pb»yÖä ‟}ÜÆ. ‟
‟ x ¦ெÅவÊòÐ ‟ºச¢ி¾தÚ¾தÄல¢ிý ‟ãÄலõ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ா. ‟¦ெ¿ந¡ாöÅவ ‟Åவ¢ி¨ை¾த, ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ¸க¡ாºச¢ிòÐõ¨ைÀப ‟Åவ¢ி¨ை¾த, ‟Áம½ண¢ிì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாð¨ை¼ட ‟(ºச¡ா¸க¡ா ‟ ‟ bÇ»yÔä ‟¥¤ÁÇjÁ ‟pÜ®©¢ ‟
‟ Åவ¢ி¨ை¾த). ‟ ‟ ÈjyØ ‟lÆÁ ‟©ÍyjÓô ‟©»®¬´ ‟
‟ ‟ 5 ‟ ²~zµ¢ Ç¢¾த¢ிý ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟
4.2.2 ‟ ¾த¡ாÅவÃரí¸கû ‟Åவ¢ி¨ை¾த¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ÀபÃரôÒõ ‟Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂய ‟Åவ¢ி¨ை¾த¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ‟ ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம¸க§ேªÇள¡ாÎ, ‟§ே¿நÃரÊÂய¡ா¸க§ேÅவ¡ா ‟Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟°ஊ¼ட¸கí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ãÄலÁம¡ா¸க§ேÅவ¡ா ‟¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிóÐ ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ÒôÀபÎòÐÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ ¯ÞÙ ‟p¶¼ßyÔjiµ ‟bÇ»yÔä ‟
‟
‟ 6 ‟ ¥¤ÁÇÄல¢ிä ‟²~zµ¢ Ç¢j® ‟©ÞÚ ‟
¾த¡ாÅவÃரí¸கû ‟¿ந£ீÎ¿ந¢ிÄலÅவ¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிôÀபÎò¾த ‟Åவ¢ி¨ை¾த¸கû ‟
‟ sÆyjÓ ‟p¾Çb~|Æ. ‟
4.2.3 ‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟ÀபÆழí¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ÀபÃரôÒÅவ¾தý ‟«அÅவºச¢ிÂயò¨ை¾தì ‟
‟ ‟
‟ ¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟
‟ ‟ bÇ»yÔä ‟¥¤ÁÇ¨ைÄல ‟pÜ®©¢
‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிó¾தÅவü¨ைÈற ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர, ‟¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟ ‟ ¯ÞÙbÇ»yØÈjyØlÆÁ
4.2.4 ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõ ‟±எØòÐ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟ ©ÍyjÓ®©»®¬´ÈyjÓ
Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌÅவ÷. ‟ lâ¯bà¢ ¤µbµ®©¢ Æ. ‟
4.3 ‟¾த¡ாÅவÃரí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
¿ந£ீÎ¿ந¢ிÄலÅவÄல¢ிý ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟
«அÅவºச¢ிµ´ ‟ ‟ ‟
¾த¡ாÅவÃரí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟¿ந£ீÎ¿ந¢ிÄலÅவÄல¢ிä ‟lÇµ¢ßbÆ ‟ÁமüÈற ‟
4.3.1 ‟
¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÉனí¸கÙìÌ ‟²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟¿நý¨ைÁம¨ைÂய ‟
s»®©¢ Æ. ‟
‟


þஇ−ÂயüÀப¢ிÂயø ‟
5. ‟ºசì¾த¢ி ‟
‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
5.1 ‟ºசì¾த¢ி¶ä³Á²´ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟
ÇÇ²´ ‟ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ ~¶ä ‟³ÁyjÓ~ ‟}ÜÆ. ‟
‟ 5.1.1 ‟ ÝÃர¢ிÂயý, ‟¸க¡ாüÚ, ‟¿ந£ீ÷, ‟¸க¼டø ‟«அ¨ைÄல, ‟¯ˉஉ½ண×, ‟Áம¢ிý¸கÄலý, ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ l~, ‟p¶¼ß¢¦ெ¾த¡ா|, ‟±எÃர¢ிô¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟, ‟ 2 ‟ ~¶ä ‟³ÁyjÓ¸´ ‟p¾Çb~y®©´ ‟~¶ä ‟
‟ p¶¼ß¢¦ெ¾த¡ா| ‟©iµbåcc´ ‟¸க¼டø ‟«அ¨ைÄல, ‟§ேÀப¡ாýÈற¨ைÅவ ‟ ‟ ÇÇyjÓ¸´ ‟ÈÇ¼¢Æ ‟
‟ ºசì¾த¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟ãÄலí¸கû ‟±எýÀப¾த¨ைÉன ‟Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟°ஊ¼ட¸கí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிóÐ ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟ 3 ‟ ~¶ä ‟ÇÇ¯bÞÙ¢j ‟pb»¸க§ேªÇள¡ா ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ÈÓ~|Æ. ‟
5.1.2 ‟ ÝÃர¢ிÂயî ‟ºசì¾த¢ி,¦ெÅவôÀப ‟îºசì¾த¢ி, ‟þஇ−Ãரºச¡ாÂயÉனî ‟ºசì¾த¢ி, ‟Áம¢ிý ‟ºசì¾த¢ி, ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ þஇ−Âயì¸கî ‟ºசì¾த¢ி,´ஒÄல¢ிî ‟ºசì¾த¢ி, ‟¯ˉஉû¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலî ‟ºசì¾த¢ி, ‟´ஒªÇள¢ிîºசì¾த¢ி, ‟ 4 ‟ ~u¾ÇÇ¢Â¾¨ iÇ¦ெÈற¡ா¾ÇÇ¢Þ|
‟ «அÏîºசì¾த¢ி ‟§ேÀப¡ாýÈற¨ைÅவ ‟ºசì¾த¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟ÅவÊÅவí¸கû ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾தî ‟ ‟ ¯bÜÇj®¦ெÀப¡ா j¯®©¢ Æ. ‟
‟ ÍüÚî ‟ÝÆழÄல¢ிø ‟¿ந¨ை¼ட¦ெÀபÚõ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú×¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ãÄலõ ‟ ‟
‟ «அ¨ை¼டÂய¡ாªÇளõ ‟¸கÈÓ~|ÇÀ. ‟ ‟
‟
‟ ‟ 5 ‟ läÙb ‟ÇbÒÈÆ ‟~¶ä ‟¯bÞÙ¢ä ‟
5.1.3 ‟ ºசì¾த¢ி ‟´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிÄல¢ிÕóÐ ‟Áமü¦ெÈற¡ாÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலìÌ ‟Áம¡ாüÈறõ ‟ ‟ ²~zµ¢ Ç¢¨ை¾தì ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
‟ «அ¨ை¼டÔõ ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾தî ‟ÍüÚî ‟ÝÆழÄல¢ிø ‟¿ந¨ை¼ட¦ெÀபÚõ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ¿ந¢ி¸கú×¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிóÐ ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ 6 ‟ m~y²´ ‟¬¢b~y²´ ‟lzµ ‟p¾¯b¼jµ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ p¾Çb~z ‟lä ‟~¶ä ‟¯bÞÙ¢j ‟ÈÇ¼¢Æ. ‟
5.1.4 ‟ Åவ¡ா¦ெÉன¡ாÄல¢ி, ‟¨ை¸கò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¨ைÄல§ேÀபºச¢ி, ‟¨ை¸கÁம¢ிý ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ, ‟
‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¨ைÄலì¸க¡ாðºச¢ி,¦ெÁமØÌÅவ÷ò¾த¢ி, ‟Áம¢ி¾த¢ிÅவñÊ ‟§ேÀப¡ாýÈற ‟ ‟
‟ Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி ‟¸கÕÅவ¢ி¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ãÄலõ ‟ºசì¾த¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟¯ˉஉÕÁம¡ாüÈறò¨ை¾த ‟
‟ Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø. ‟
‟ ‟
5.1.5 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர, ‟¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõ, ‟
±எØòÐ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø. ‟
‟
‟


5.2 ‟ÒÐÀப¢ிì¸க®© ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟

ºசì¾த¢ி¶ä³ÁyØ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ ¬ ®ª~y ‟þஇ−ÂயÖõ ‟~ ‟¯ÞÜ´ ‟¬ ôª~y ‟
ÒÐôÀப¢ிì¸க ‟þஇ−ÂயÄல¡ா¾த ‟ 5.2.1 ‟ ÒÐôÀப¢ிì¸க ‟þஇ−ÂயÖõ ‟ºசì¾த ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÀµbyì ‟zj~y~ ‟ ‟ nµÁb ‟~¶ä ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕ¨ைªÇளì ‟}Ü¾தø. ‟
ºசì¾த¢ி¶ä³ÁyØ ‟ ‟ }µ ‟~¶Â¾¨ ‟sÞÙ´ ‟hº ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாi ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ n¾~y~ ‟}µ ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟°ஊ¼ட¸கí¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ 2 ‟ ¬ ôª~yþஇ−ÂயÖõ ‟¯ÞÜ´¬ ®ª~ynµÁb
‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾தÄல¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ ~yÔär¢ ~ybyjÓ~¦ெ¸க¡ாÎò¾தø. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
5.2.2 ‟ ÒÐôÀப¢ிì¸க ‟þஇ−ÂயÄல¡ா¾த ‟ºசì¾த¢ி ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÀµbyì ‟zjìyb ‟ 3 ‟ ¬ ®ª~y ‟þஇ−ÂயÖõ ‟¯ÞÜ´ ‟¬ ®ª~y ‟nµÁb ‟
‟ ~ ‟¯ÞÜ´ ‟lj ‟±´ ‟sÞÙ´ ‟ ‟ ~yÔä ‟³ÁyjÓ ‟Çj»y¨ைÄல¸க¨ைªÇள~ ‟
‟ hºµ ‟²µb ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟°ஊ¼ட¸கí¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ா ‟p¾Çb~|¾தø. ‟
‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾தÄல¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 4 ‟ ~¶ä³ÁyjÓÈiÇy¯byjyµbÖÇä
5.2.3 ‟ ÒÐôÀப¢ிì¸க ‟þஇ−ÂயÖõ ‟ºசì¾த¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟¸க¡ாüÚ ‟,ÝÃர¢ிÂய ‟uÔ, ‟¯jÍ, ‟ ‟ lÇµ¢jì ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
‟ ¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÉனò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா| ‟©iµbåcc´ ‟¸க¼டø ‟«அ¨ைÄல ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ §ேÀப¡ாýÈறÅவü¨ைÈறô ‟ÀபðÊÂயÄல¢ிÎÅவ÷. ‟ 5 ‟ läÙb ‟ÇbÒÈÆ¬ ôª~y ‟nµÁb ‟~¶ä ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ³ÁyjÓ® ‟¬ ôª~y ‟þஇ−ÂயÖõ ‟~µby ‟
5.2.4 ‟ ÒÐôÀப¢ிì¸க ‟þஇ−ÂயÄல¡ா¾த ‟ºசì¾த¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟¦ெÀபð§ேÃர¡ாÄல¢ிÂயõ, ‟ ‟ ‟ ©µä©¢ ´ ‟sÆyjÓ ‟p¾Çb~|Æ ‟
‟ ¿ந¢ிÄலì¸கÃர¢ி ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟«அÏô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟ ‟§ேÀப¡ாýÈறÅவü¨ைÈறô ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ÀபðÊÂயÄல¢ிÎÅவ÷. ‟ 6 ‟ ¬ ®ª~y~}µ~¶ä³ÁyÔä
‟ ‟ |jÙµbÆsÞ©´ÈjÓÊyÔäsÆyjÓ
5.2.5 ‟ ÒÐôÀப¢ிì¸க ‟þஇ−ÂயÄல¡ா¾த ‟ºசì¾த¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟ãÄலí¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ ‟ p¾Çb~|Æ. ‟
‟ Åவ¢ி§ேÅவ¸கÁம¡ா¸க ‟¨ை¸கÂய¡ாÙÅவ¾தý ‟«அÅவºச¢ிÂயò¨ை¾தì ‟ ‟
‟ ¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟
‟ ‟
5.2.6 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர,¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõ, ‟
‟ ±எØòÐ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟
‟
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‟
‟
6. ‟´ஒªÇள¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟¾தý¨ைÁம ‟
‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
6.1 ‟´ஒªÇள¢ி ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟§ே¿ந÷ì§ே¸க¡ாðÊø ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ uÔ ‟i£À~§ே¸க¡ாÆ ‟©µ´ ‟hºzÙ ‟rä©j~ ‟
ÀபÂய½ணõ ‟¦ெºசöÔõ ‟ 6.1.1 ‟ ´ஒªÇள¢ி ‟§ே¿ந÷ì§ே¸க¡ாðÊø ‟ÀபÂய½ணõ ‟¦ெºசöÔõ ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟ ‟ }Ü¾தø. ‟
‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கÂய¢ிý ‟ãÄலõ ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 2 ‟ uÔ ‟i£À~§ே¸க¡ாÆ ‟©µ´ ‟hºzÙ ‟
6.1.2 ‟ ¿ந¢ிÆழÄல¢ிý ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவªÇள¨ைÅவ ‟¿ந¢ி÷½ணÂய¢ிìÌõ ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ண¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ ‟ rä©Þybß ‟pb»yjÓ~ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ா¢Æ. ‟
‟ ÀபÃர¢ி§ேºச¡ா¾த¨ைÉன ‟¦ெºசöÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 3 ‟ ¤ÍÆp¾Çb~y¢jßqz¢Æ. ‟
6.1.3 ‟ ¿ந¢ிÆழÄல¢ிý ‟ÅவÊÅவò¨ை¾த ‟¿ந¢ி÷½ணÂய¢ிìÌõ ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ண¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ÀபÃர¢ி§ேºச¡ா¾த¨ைÉன ‟¦ெºசöÅவ÷. ‟ 4 ‟ ¤ÍÂä ‟p¾ÇÓÊ ‟¯ÞÜ´ ‟ÇÇ¢Þybß ‟
‟ yb»yjÓ ‟lâ¯bà¢Æ. ‟
‟ ‟
5 ‟ ¤ÍÂä ‟p¾ÇÓÊ ‟¯ÞÜ´ ‟ÇÇ¢Þybß ‟
‟ yb»yjÓm»bºÆ. ‟
‟ ‟
6 ‟ ¤ÍÂä ‟p¾ÇÓÊ ‟¯ÞÜ´ ‟ÇÇ¢Þybß ‟
yb»yjÓô ‟©ÞÚ ‟²hÇ¢Æ. ‟
‟
‟
‟
‟
‟
‟
‟
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‟
‟


‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
6.2 ‟´ஒªÇள¢ி ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟
Àப¢ிÃர¾த¢ிÀபÄல¢ிìÌõ ‟ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ uÔª»©Â~|´¯ÞÜ´ÈÁ|´rä©j~
‟ 6.2.1 ‟ ´ஒªÇள¢ி ‟Àப¢ிÃர¾த¢ிÀபÄல¢ிìÌõ ‟±எýÀப¾த¨ைÉன ‟¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கÂய¢ிý ‟ãÄலõ ‟ ‟ }Ü¾தø. ‟
‟ ‟ ÜÚ¾தø. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ 2 ‟ uÔÈÁ|´rä©jÈÓ~|´¤yÒÊyjÓ¸´, ‟
‟ 6.2.2 ‟ «அýÈற¡ா¼ட ‟Åவ¡ாúÅவ¢ிø ‟´ஒªÇள¢ி ‟Àப¢ிÃர¾த¢ிÀபÄல¢ிôÀப¢ிý ‟ÀபÂயýÀப¡ாðÊý ‟ ‟ uÔª»©Â~|´äj¯jµÈÓ~|´
‟ ‟ Áம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ÈÇ¼®©À. ‟ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ா¾ØyjÓ¸´pb»yjÓ¸´¦ெ¸க¡ா¢Æ. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
x ¸க¡ாÃர¢ிý ‟Àபì¸கì ‟¸கñ½ண¡ாÊ; ‟
‟ ‟ 3 ‟ uÔ¶ääj¯jµÅவ¢ிªÇளìÌõ ‟Åவ¨ை¸கÂய¢ிø ‟
x Áம¨ைÈற ‟§ே¿ந¡ாì¸க¡ாÊ; ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ yb¶äi¯Þ©»®ªÆª»©Â~|´ ‟
‟ ‟ x ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலì¸கñ½ண¡ாÊ. ‟ ‟ ´ஒªÇள¢ிì¸க¾த¢ி¨ைÃர ‟Çj»Æ. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ 6.2.3 ‟ yb¶äi¯Þ©»®ªÆª»©Â~|úÔ~y¾த¢ி¨ைÃர ‟ 4 ‟ ´ஒªÇள¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟ª»©Â~|´äj¯jµì ‟yb´
‟ ‟ Çj»ÇÀ. ‟ ‟ y¾Èjµì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟´ஒªÇள¢ிì ‟¸க¾த¢ி÷ ‟Àப¼டò¨ை¾த ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ Çj»¨ ÈÓ~|Æ. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 5 ‟ uÔ¶ääj¯jµÈÓ~|´p¾¯b¼jµ
‟ ‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
‟ ‟
6 ‟ p¾Çb~zµp¾¯b¼jµuÔ¶ääj¯§ேÂய¡ாÎ ‟
¤µbµ®©¢ Æ. ‟
‟
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‟
‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
6.3 ‟´ஒªÇள¢ி ‟Åவ¢ிÄல¸கø ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ 6.3.1 ‟ ´ஒªÇள¢ி ‟Åவ¢ிÄலÌõ ‟±எýÀப¾த¨ைÉன ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
‟
‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ´ஒªÇள¢ி ‟Åவ¢ிÄல¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ÌÈற¢ிì¸கì ‟ÜÊÂய ‟´ஒÕ ‟ºசõÀபÅவõ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟ ‟
6.3.2 ‟
‟ ¿ந¢ி¸கú¨ைÅவ ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟ ‟
‟
‟ ‟ x ¿ந£ீ÷ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÈறó¾த ‟¬ஆÊì ‟ÌÅவ¨ைªÇளÂய¢ிø ‟¨ைÅவì¸கôÀபÎõ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ±எØÐì§ே¸க¡ாÄல¢ிý ‟ÅவÊÅவõ; ‟
‟ ‟
‟ x ¸கñ½ண¡ாÊÂய¢ிý ‟ãÄலõ ‟¸க¡ா½ணôÀபÎõ ‟±எØò¾த¢ிý ‟
‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவªÇள×; ‟
‟ x Áம£ீý ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாðÊÂய¢ிø ‟¸க¡ா½ணôÀபÎõ ‟Áம£ீÉன¢ிý ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவªÇள×. ‟
‟
‟
‟ ‟
‟ 6.3.3 ‟ ´ஒªÇள¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயô ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐõ ‟¸கÕÅவ¢ி ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟

‟ ‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÁம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¨ைÂய ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌÅவ÷. ‟
‟ ‟
6.3.4 ‟ ´ஒªÇள¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸க¢ிÂய ‟¸கÕÅவ¢ி ‟
‟ «அøÄலÐ ‟¯ˉஉÕÁம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¨ைÂயì ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
‟ ‟
‟ ±எØòÐ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟
‟
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‟
7. ‟ ‟Áம¢ிýºச¡ாÃரõ ‟
‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
7.1 Áம¢ிýºசì¾த¢ி ‟ãÄல´ ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû: ‟ 1 ‟ °äb»®¦ெÀப¡ாÕûyjÓ®©µä©¢ ´¦ெÀப¡ாÐ
‟ ‟ ‟ i¯Þ¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇள ‟iÇµ©b yb®¬
‟ 7.1.1 ‟ ¯ˉஉÄல÷Áம¢ிý¸கÄலõ, ‟Áம¢ிý¸கÄலõ, ‟ÝÃர¢ிÂய ‟Áம¢ிý¸கÄலõ, ‟Áம¢ிýÉன¡ாì¸க¢ி, ‟, ‟ ‟ ¿நÇ~jyyjÓ~}ÜÆ ‟
‟ ‟ °äpÞ©¢¤jÁµ´, ‟Áம¢ிý§ேºசÁமì¸கÄலõ ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟Áம¢ிýÀப¢ிÈறôÀப¢ி ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ §ேÀப¡ாýÈற¨ைÅவ ‟Áம¢ிýºசì¾த¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟ãÄலí¸கû ‟±எÉன ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌÅவ÷. ‟ 2 ‟ °äb»¢jp¾Çb~|´°äb»³ÁyÔä
‟ ‟ ‟ pb»yjÓ~}ÜÆ. ‟
7.2 ‟ ‟ÓØ¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉன ‟ ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟Áம¢ிýÍüÜ ‟ ‟ ‟ 3 ‟ ²Ðj¯µbß°äÞjÙp¾Çb~z|Ú·yjÓ®
‟ 7.2.1 ‟ Áம¢ிýÍüÈற¢ிý ‟Àப¡ா¸கí¸கªÇள¡ாÉன ‟¯ˉஉÄல÷Áம¢ிý¸கÄலõ, ‟Áம¢ிýÌÁம¢ிú, ‟Åவ¢ி¨ைºச ‟ ‟ ©µä©¢°äÞjÙÇj»Æ. ‟
‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟þஇ−¨ை½ணôÒ ‟Áம¢ிý¸கõÀப¢ி¨ைÂயì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ா²Ðj¯µbß ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ °äÞjÙp¾Çb~|ÇÀ. ‟ 4 ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ ‟°äÞÜ¯ÞÜńj°äÞÚÆ
‟ ‟ ‟ °ä|°ÎäuÔ¾´ª»yb¢jßmºÊhº
7.2.2 ‟ Áம¢ிýÍüÈற¢ிø ‟Åவ¢ி¨ைºசÂய¢ிý ‟ÀபÂயýÀப¡ாðÊ¨ைÉனì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ ²hÇ¢Æ. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
7.2.3 ‟ ÓØ¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉன ‟Áம¢ிýÍüÈற¢ிø ‟Àப¡ா¸கí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÌÈற¢ிÂய£ீÎ¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ 5 ‟ läÙbÁம¢ிýºச¡ாÃரô ‟©µä©bÊ¨ைÉனî ‟ºச¢ிì¸கÉனôÀபÎò¾த ‟
‟ «அ¨ை¼டÂய¡ாªÇளõ ‟¸க¡ாÏÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ ‟Áம¢ிýÍüÚ ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟þஇ−¨ை½ண ‟Áம¢ிýÍüÚ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ÀபÂயýÀப¡ாðÊý ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚ¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟
7.2.4 ‟ ÌÈற¢ிÂய£ீÎ¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟Áம¢ிýÍü¨ைÈற ‟Åவ¨ைÃரÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 6 ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ ‟°äÞÜ¯ÞÜńj°äÞÚä£äj¯
7.2.5 ‟ õ¢ிýÌÁம¢ிÆழ¢ிý ‟±எñ½ண¢ிì¨ை¸கÔõ, ‟Áம¢ிý¸கÄலò¾த¢ிý ‟±எñ½ண¢ிì¨ை¸கÔõ ‟ j¯yjÓ¦ெÂய¡ாsÆyjÓp¾Çb~|¾தø ‟
‟ Áம¡ாüÈற¢ி ‟«அ¨ைÁமôÀப¾தý ‟ãÄலõ ‟´ஒÕ ‟ÓØ¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉன ‟Áம¢ிýÍüÈற¢ிø ‟
‟ Áம¢ிýÌÁம¢ிú¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟´ஒªÇள¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟Àப¢ிÃர¸க¡ாºசò¾த¢ிý ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¾த¢ி¨ைÉன ‟¬ஆö× ‟
‟ ¦ெºசöÅவ÷. ‟
‟
‟
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‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
‟ 7.2.6 ‟ Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟°ஊ¼ட¸கí¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾தÄல¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟´ஒÕ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ÓØ¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉன ‟Áம¢ிýÍüÚ¸கªÇள¡ாÉன ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ ‟Áம¢ிýÍüÈற¢ிÖõ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ þஇ−¨ை½ண ‟Áம¢ிýÍüÈற¢ிÖõ ‟Áம¢ிýÌÁம¢ிú¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟«அ¨ைÁமÅவ¢ி¼டò¾த¢ி¨ைÉன ‟
‟ ‟ «அ¨ை¼டÂய¡ாªÇளí ‟¸க¡ாñÀப÷. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
‟ 7.2.7 ‟ ÌÈற£ீÂய¢ிÎ¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ ‟Áம¢ிýÍü¨ைÈறÔõ ‟
‟ ‟ þஇ−¨ை½ண ‟Áம¢ிýÍü¨ைÈறÔõ ‟Åவ¨ைÃரÅவ÷. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
‟ 7.2.8 ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ ‟Áம¢ிý ‟ÍüÈற¢ிÖõ ‟þஇ−¨ை½ண ‟Áம¢ிý ‟ÍüÈற¢ிÖõ ‟
‟ ‟ Áம¢ிýÌÁம¢ிÆழ¢ிø ‟´ஒªÇள¢ிÕõ ‟Àப¢ிÃர¸க¡ாºசò¾த¢ி¨ைÉன ‟´ஒôÀப¢ிðÎ ‟; ‟
‟ ‟ iÇÜ©¢ ÇÀ. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
‟ 7.2.9 ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ ‟Áம¢ிýÍüÈற¢ிÖõ ‟þஇ−¨ை½ண ‟Áம¢ிý ‟ÍüÈற¢ிÖõ ‟ÀபÄலÅவ¢ி¾த ‟
‟ ‟ Åவ¢ி¨ைºச¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ÓÎìÌõ ‟§ேÀப¡ாÐõ ‟(¾த¢ிÈற) ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Ó¼டìÌõ ‟
‟ ‟ §ேÀப¡ாÐõ ‟Áம¢ிýÌÁம¢ிÆழ¢ிø ‟²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟ÈjÓÊyjÓ~}ÜÇÀ. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
7.2.10 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர,¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟
Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟
‟
7.3 ‟Áம¢ிýºச¡ா¾தÉன ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟
¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟ 7.3.1 ‟ Àபø§ேÅவÚ ‟°ஊ¼ட¸கí¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾தÄல¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¸கÅவÉனÁமüÈற ‟
ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟ ‟ Ó¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟Áம¢ிýºச¡ா¾தÉனô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟¨ை¸கÂய¡ாÙõ ‟
Ó¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாØÐ ‟²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟Åவ¢ி¨ைªÇள×¸கû ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Àப¡ாÉன ‟²ஏ¼ட¨ைÄல ‟
¨ை¸கÂய¡ாÙõ ‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌÅவ÷. ‟
©b yb®¬ ‟ ‟
£Ç~jyyØ ‟ 7.3.2 ‟ Áம¢ிýºச¡ா¾தÉனô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟¨ை¸கÂய¡ாÙõ ‟§ேÀப¡ாÐ ‟
‟ §ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟Àப¡ாÐ¸க¡ாôÒ ‟¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க¸க¨ைªÇள ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟
‟ ‟
7.3.3 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர, ‟¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟
‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõ, ‟±எØòÐ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟


8. ¦ெÅவôÀபõ ‟
‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
8.1 ‟¦ெÅவôÀபÓõ ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû: ‟ 1 ‟ ¦ெÅவôÀப¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிý ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளì¸கò¨ை¾தÔõ ‟¾தÃர ‟«அªÇள¨ைÅவÔõ ‟
¦ெÅவôÀப¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÔõ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
8.1.1 ‟ ¦ெÅவôÀப¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ÝðÊý ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிü¸க¡ாÉன ‟«அªÇள×§ே¸க¡ாø ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ±எýÀப¾த¨ைÉனì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ 2 ‟ ¦ெÅவôÀப ‟¤jÁ¶ä¾தÃர ‟«அªÇள¨ைÅவì ‟ÜÚ¾தø ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
8.1.2 ‟ ¦ெÅவôÀப ‟¤jÁ¶ä¾தÃர ‟«அªÇள¨ைÅவì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ 3 ‟ ¦ெÅவôÀபò¨ை¾தô ‟¦ெÀபüÚì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙõ ‟§ேÀப¡ாÐõ ‟þஇ−ÆழìÌõ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ §ேÀப¡ாÐõ ‟¦ெÅவôÀப¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிø ‟Áம¡ாüÈறí¸க¨ைªÇள ‟²ஏüÀபÎ¸க¢ிÈறÐ ‟
8.1.3 ‟ ¦ெÅவôÀப¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÂய ‟Ó¨ைÈறÂய¡ாÉன ‟ÅவÆழ¢ிÓ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிø ‟ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟ ‟ ±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÐ¨ைÁமôÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ‟
‟ ¸கÕÅவ¢ி¨ைÂயì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟«அªÇளôÀப÷. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 4 ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟¦ெÅவôÀபò¨ை¾த ‟¦ெÀபÚõ ‟§ேÀப¡ாÐõ ‟þஇ−ÆழìÌõ ‟
8.1.4 ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கû ‟¦ெÅவôÀபÁம¨ை¼டÔõ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாØÐ ‟Ý¼ட¡ாÌõ, ‟ ‟ §ேÀப¡ாÐõ ‟Åவ¢ிÃர¢ிÅவ¨ை¼ட¾தø ‟ÍÕíÌ¾தø ‟¿ந¨ை¼ட¦ெÀபÚ¸க¢ிÈறÐ ‟
‟ ¦ெÅவôÀபò¨ை¾த ‟þஇ−ÆழìÌõ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாØÐ ‟ÌªÇள¢ி÷îºச¢ி ‟«அ¨ை¼டÔõ ‟ ‟ ±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø ‟ ‟
‟ ±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟±எÎòÐì ‟¸க¡ாðÎõ ‟¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கÂய¢ிý ‟ãÄலõ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐj¯®©¢ ÇÀ. ‟ 5 ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟Åவ¢ிÃர¢ிÅவ¨ை¼ட¾தø ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟ÍÕíÌ¾தø ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாû¨ை¸க¨ைÂய ‟«அÁமøÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟«அ¾தý ‟¿நý¨ைÁம ‟
8.1.5 ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕÙìÌ ‟¦ெÅவôÀபõ ‟¸க¢ி¨ை¼டìÌõ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாØÐ ‟¦ெÅவôÀப¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ ‟ ¾த£ீ¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ÒÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟ ‟
‟ «அ¾த¢ி¸கÃர¢ிìÌõ, ‟¦ெÅவôÀபõ ‟þஇ−ÆழìÌõ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாØÐ ‟¦ெÅவôÀப¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ Ì¨ைÈறÔõ ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟ ‟¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க ‟ÇÎ²hÇ®©À. ‟ 6 ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟Åவ¢ிÃர¢ிÅவ¨ை¼ட¾தø ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟ÍÕíÌ¾தø ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாû¨ை¸கÂய¢ிý ‟«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟þஇ−ÂயíÌõ ‟Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂய ‟
8.1.6 ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கû ‟¦ெÅவôÀபõ ‟«அ¨ை¼டÔõ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாØÐ ‟Åவ¢ிÃர¢ிÅவ¨ை¼டÔõ, ‟ Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌÅவ¾தý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟²ஏ¼டø¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø ‟ ‟
¦ெÅவôÀபõ ‟þஇ−ÆழìÌõ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாØÐ ‟ÍÕíÌõ ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟ ‟ ‟
¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கÂய¢ிý ‟ãÄலõ ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟
x n¾´¬|j¸´ÇjÓµ¢j¸´b~|Æ; ‟
x yb|Íb¶ÄØÓÇ¥j»b~|Æ ‟
Àப¢ிýÉன÷ ‟ÌªÇள¢ி÷ôÀபÎòÐ¾தø; ‟
x ¬¶äÇbº®©|¶Æ©Åjß~y¥À
¯ÞÜ´©à~y¥¼Æ¨ைÅவò¾தø. ‟
‟


‟
‟
‟
‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ 8.1.7 ‟ «அýÈற¡ா¼ட ‟Åவ¡ாúÅவ¢ிø ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟Åவ¢ிÃர¢ிÅவ¨ை¼ட¾தø ‟ÍÕíÌ¾தø ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ÀபÂயýÀப¡ாðÊý ‟Óì¸க¢ிÂயòÐÅவò¨ை¾தì ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟
‟
‟ ‟
x þஇ−ÃரÂய¢ிø ‟¾தñ¼டÅவ¡ாªÇளí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟þஇ−¨ை¼ட§ேÂய ‟þஇ−ÕìÌõ; ‟
‟ ‟
‟ ‟ x Áம¢ிýºச¡ாÃரì ‟¸கõÀப¢ி¸கû ‟¾தªÇள÷Åவ¡ா¸கô ‟
‟ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕò¾தôÀபðÊÕì¸க¢ிýÈறÉன; ‟
‟ ‟ x ¦ெÅவôÀபÁம¡ாÉன¢ிÂய¢ிø ‟¸க¡ா½ணôÀபÎõ ‟¾த¢ிÃரÅவõ. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
‟ 8.1.8 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர, ‟¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟
‟ Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟
‟ ‟
‟ ‟
‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
‟
‟
‟
‟
‟
‟
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‟
‟
9. ÀபÕô¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟
‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
9.1 ‟ÀபÕô¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¢ிý ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ 1 ‟ ¾த¢ி¼ட, ‟¾த¢ிÃரÅவ, ‟¬ஆÅவ¢ி ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணí¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟
¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாÎò¾தø. ‟
9.1.1 ‟ ÀபÕô¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟¾த¢ி¼ட, ‟¾த¢ிÃரÅவ, ‟¬ஆÅவ¢ி ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாÌõ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ±எýÀப¨ை¾தì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ 2 ‟ ¾த¢ி¼ட, ‟¾த¢ிÃரÅவ, ‟¬ஆÅவ¢ி ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
9.1.2 ‟ ¾த¢ி¼ட,¾த¢ிÃரÅவ,¬ஆÅவ¢ி ‟§ேÀப¡ாýÈற ‟¾தý¨ைÁமì§ே¸கüÀப ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ Åவ¨ை¸கôÀபÎòÐÅவ÷. ‟ 3 ‟ ÀபÕô¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¢ிý ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலì§ே¸கüÀப ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணí¸க¨ைªÇள ‟Åவ¨ை¸கôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
9.1.3 ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க ‟§ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûÅவ¾தý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¾த¢ி¼ட,¾த¢ிÃரÅவ,¬ஆÅவ¢ி ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ §ேÀப¡ாýÈறÅவüÈற¢ிý ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ÀபðÊÂயÄல¢ிÎÅவ÷. ‟ 4 ‟ ¿ந£ீ÷ ‟ãýÚ ‟ÀபÕô¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¸கªÇள¢ிÖõ ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாÌõ ‟
‟ x ÀபÕô¦ெÀப¡ாÕû; ‟ ‟ ±எÉன ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÐ¨ைÁமôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
‟ x þஇ−¼டò¨ை¾த ‟¿ந¢ிÃரôÒõ; ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ x ¦ெ¸க¡ாûªÇளªÇள×; ‟ 5 ‟ ¿ந£ீÃர¢ிý ‟ãÄலìÜÚ¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÅவÃர¢ி¨ைºச ‟ãýÚ ‟ÀபÕô¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟
‟ ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟¯ˉஉûªÇளÉன ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òì¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟
x ÅவÊÅவõ. ‟
‟ ‟ Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟
‟ ‟
‟ ‟
9.1.4 ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸க ‟§ேÁமü¦ெ¸க¡ாûÅவ¾தý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¿ந£ீ÷ ‟ãýÚ ‟
6 ‟ ¾த¢ி¼ட, ‟¾த¢ிÃர×, ‟¬ஆÅவ¢ி ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕÙìÌõ ‟ãÄலìÜÚ¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟
‟ ÀபÕô¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¢ிý ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¸கªÇள¢ிÖõ ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாÌõ ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾தô ‟
ÅவÃர¢ி¨ைºசìÌõ ‟¯ˉஉûªÇள ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷¨ைÀப ‟¿ந¢ிÂய¡ாÂயôÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟
‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÐ¨ைÁமôÀபÎòÐÅவ÷. ‟
‟
‟ ‟
±எØòÐ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟
‟
‟
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‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
9.2 ‟ ‟ÀபÕô¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¢ிø ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ 1 ‟ ¿ந£ீ÷ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாí¸க¢ிý ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¨ை¾தô ‟
²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟Áம¡ாüÈறõ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ÀபðÊÂயÄல¢ிÎ¾தø. ‟
‟ 9.2.1 ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கÂய¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¿ந£ீ÷ ‟¯ˉஉ¨ைÈற¾தø, ‟¯ˉஉÕÌ¾தø, ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ா¾த¢ிò¾தø, ‟¯ˉஉÄல÷¾தø ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¿ந£ீÃர¡ாÅவ¢ிìÌÚì¸கõ ‟§ேÀப¡ாýÈற ‟ 2 ‟ ¦ெÅவôÀபò¨ை¾தô ‟¦ெÀபÚÅவ¾த¡ாÖõ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟þஇ−ÆழôÀப¾த¡ாÖõ ‟
‟ ‟ ¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாí¸க¢ிÉன¡ாø ‟¿ந£ீÃர¢ிø ‟²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟±எýÀப¾த¨ைÉன ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟ ‟ ¿ந£ீ÷ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாí¸க¢ிý ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¨ை¾த ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ 9.2.2 ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கÂய¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி, ‟ÀபÕô¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟¦ெÅவôÀபò¨ை¾தô ‟ 3 ‟ ¿ந£ீ÷ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¨ை¾தÔõ ‟§ேÁம¸கõ ‟Áம¨ைÆழ ‟
‟ ‟ ¦ெÀபÚÅவ¾த¡ாÖõ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟ ‟þஇ−ÆழôÀப¾த¡ாÖõ ‟«அ¾தý ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¸கªÇள¢ிø ‟ ‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸கò¨ை¾தÔõ ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ÒôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
‟ ‟ Áம¡ாüÈறõ ‟ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கØõ ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணí¸கÙ¼டý ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌÅவ÷. ‟ 4 ‟ ¿ந£ீ÷ ‟ãÄலí¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟Àப¡ாÐ¸க¡ாì¸க ‟þஇ−Âயü¨ை¸க ‟¿ந£ீ÷ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ÍÆழüºச¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟«அÅவºச¢ிÂயò¨ை¾தì ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
‟ 9.2.3 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர, ‟¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõ, ‟±எØòÐ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟ 5 ‟ ¿ந£ீ÷ ‟ãÄலí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟àö¨ைÁமì§ே¸கðÊü¸க¡ாÉன ‟
‟ Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟ ‟ ¸க¡ாÃர½ண¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟«அÅவüÈற¢ிý ‟àö¨ைÁம¨ைÂய ‟§ேÀபÏõ ‟
‟ ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ிÅவ¨ை¸க¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ÀபüÈற¢ி ‟²ஏ¼டø¸கû ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 6 ‟ þஇ−Âயü¨ை¸க ‟¿ந£ீ÷î ‟ÍÆழüºச¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟Àப¡ா¾த¢ிôÀப¢ிü¸க¡ாÉன ‟
‟ ¸க¡ாÃர½ண¢ி¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟«அ¾தÉன¡ாø ‟¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÉனí¸கÙìÌ ‟²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟
Åவ¢ி¨ைªÇள×¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ ‟ÅவÃர¢ி¨ைºசôÀபÎò¾த¢ி, ‟Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க, ‟
±எØòÐ, ‟ÌÈற¢ிÅவ¨ைÃர×, ‟Àப¼டõ, ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவõ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟
«அð¼டÅவ¨ை½ண ‟ãÄலÓõ ‟ ‟ ‟¦ெ¾தÃர¢ி×ôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
‟
9.3 ‟þஇ−Âயü¨ை¸க ‟¿ந£ீ÷î ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟
ÍÆழüºச¢ி ‟ ‟
9.3.1 ‟ §ேÁம¸கõ, ‟Áம¨ைÆழÂய¢ிý ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸கò¨ை¾தì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟¿ந£ீÃர¢ிø ‟
‟ ²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟Áம¡ாüÈறí¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ÒôÀபÎòÐÅவ÷. ‟
‟
‟
9.3.2 ‟ þஇ−Âயü¨ை¸க ‟¿ந£ீ÷î ‟ÍÆழüºச¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟Óì¸க¢ிÂயòÐÅவò¨ை¾தô ‟ÀபüÈற¢ி ‟

²ஏ¼டø ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌÅவ÷. ‟
‟ ‟
9.3.3 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர,¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟



‟
‟
‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
9.4 ‟¿ந£ீ÷ ‟ ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ãÄலí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟Óì¸க¢ிÂயòÐÅவõ ‟ 9.4.1 ‟ ¬ஆÚ, ‟Ìð¨ை¼ட, ‟ÌªÇளõ, ‟¿ந£ீ÷ ‟°ஊüÚ ‟§ேÀப¡ாýÈற¨ைÅவ ‟¿ந£ீÃர¢ிý ‟
‟ ãÄலí¸கû ‟±எÉனì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟
‟ ‟
9.4.2 ‟ ¿ந£ீ÷ ‟ãÄலí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟àö¨ைÁம¨ைÂய ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¿ந¡ாðÎÅவ¾தý ‟
«அÅவºச¢ிÂயò¨ை¾த ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌÅவ÷ ‟
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10. ¸க¡ாÊÔõ ‟¸க¡ாÃரÓõ ‟
‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
10.1 ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¢ிý ‟ ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû: ‟ 1 ‟ ¸க¡ாÊ, ‟¸க¡ாÃரõ, ‟¿நÎ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÁம ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñ¼ட ‟
þஇ−Ãர¡ாºசÂயÉனò ‟ ‟ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணí¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாÎò¾தø. ‟
¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ 10.1.1 ‟ âïÍò¾த¡ாªÇள¢ிø ‟²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟¿ந¢ிÈறÁம¡ாüÈறò¨ை¾தì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¢ிý ‟¸க¡ாÊ, ‟¸க¡ாÃரõ, ‟¿நÎ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÁம ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ 2 ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟þஇ−Ãர¡ாºசÂயÉனò ‟¾தý¨ைÁமì§ே¸கüÀப ‟
‟ ÀபÃர¢ி§ேºச¡ா¾த¢ிòÐî ‟¦ெºசÂயø ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¢ிø ‟Åவ¨ைÃரôÀபÎòÐÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ Åவ¨ை¸கôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
10.1.2 ‟ âïÍò¾த¡ாû, ‟Í¨ைÅவò¾தø ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÎ¾தø ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ 3 ‟ âïÍò ‟¾த¡ாªÇள¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¸க¡ாÊ, ‟¸க¡ாÃரõ ‟¿நÎ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÁம ‟
‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟¸க¡ாÊ, ‟¸க¡ாÃரõ, ‟¿நÎ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÁமò ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயô ‟ ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇளî ‟¦ெºசÂயø¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÂயì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟
‟ ÀபÃர¢ி§ேºச¡ா¾த¢ிòÐ ‟²ஏÃர½ணôÀபÎòÐÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
10.1.3 ‟ ¸க¡ாÊ, ‟¸க¡ாÃரõ, ‟¿நÎ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÁம ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñ¼ட ‟ 4 ‟ âïÍò ‟¾த¡ாªÇள¢ிý ‟¿ந¢ிÈறõ ‟Áம¡ாÚ¾தø, ‟Í¨ைÅவò¾தø ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟
‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணí¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாÎôÀப÷. ‟ ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ாÎ¾தÄல¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¸க¡ாÊ, ‟¸க¡ாÃரõ, ‟¿நÎ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÁம ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÐ¨ைÁமôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
10.1.4 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர,¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõ, ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ±எØòÐ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟ 5 ‟ «அýÈற¡ா¼ட ‟Åவ¡ாúÅவ¢ிø ‟¸க¡ாÊ, ‟¸க¡ாÃரõ ‟¿நÎ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல¨ைÁம ‟
‟ ‟ ¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂய ‟ÅவÃர¢ி¨ைºசôÀபÎò¾த¢ி, ‟Åவ¡ாö¦ெÁம¡ாÆழ¢ிÂய¡ா¸க, ‟±எØòÐ, ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ÌÈற¢ிÅவ¨ைÃர×, ‟Àப¼டõ, ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவõ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟«அð¼டÅவ¨ை½ண ‟
‟ ‟ ãÄலõ ‟ ‟Óì¸க¢ிÂயòÐÅவò¨ை¾தò ‟¦ெ¾தÃர¢ி×ôÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟
‟ ‟ (¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ÒôÀபÎòÐ¾தø). ‟
‟ ‟ ‟
‟ 6 ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂய ‟Áம¡ாüÚõ ‟¸க¡ாÊ ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟
‟ ¸க¡ாÃரò¨ை¾தô ‟ÀபüÈற¢ிÂய ‟²ஏ¼டø¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
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âÁம¢ிÔõ ‟Åவ¢ிñ¦ெÅவªÇள¢ிÔõ ‟
11. ‟âÁம¢ி, ‟¿ந¢ிÄல×, ‟ÝÃர¢ிÂயý ‟
‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
11.1 ‟ ‟âÁம¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû: ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟¿ந¸க÷îºச¢ி ‟ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ âÁம¢ி ‟ÍÆழø¸க¢ிÈறÐ ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¿ந¸க÷¸க¢ிÈறÐ ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾தì ‟
‟ 11.1.1 ‟ âÁம¢ி ‟¾தý ‟«அîºச¢ிø ‟ÍÆழýÚ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñ§ே¼ட ‟«அ§ே¾த ‟§ேÅவ¨ைªÇளÂய¢ிø ‟ ‟ ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
‟ «அ¾தý ‟ÍüÚôÀப¡ா¨ை¾தÂய¢ிø ‟ÝÃர¢ிÂய¨ைÉனÔõ ‟ÍüÚ ‟ÅவÕ¸க¢ிÈறÐ ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ±எýÀப¨ை¾தì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟ 2 ‟ âÁம¢ி ‟¾தý ‟«அîºச¢ிø ‟ÍÆழø¸க¢ிÈறÐ ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟«அ§ே¾த ‟§ேÅவ¨ைªÇளÂய¢ிø ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ¾தý ‟ÍüÚôÀப¡ா¨ை¾தÂய¢ிø ‟ÝÃர¢ிÂய¨ைÉனî ‟ÍüÈற¢ி ‟ÅவÕ¸க¢ிÈறÐ ‟
11.1.2 ‟ §ேÀப¡ாÄல¢ிò¾தõ ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟âÁம¢ி ‟¾தý ‟«அîºச¢ிø ‟ÍÆழÖõ ‟¾த¢ி¨ைºச¨ைÂயÔõ, ‟ ‟ ±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
‟ ¸க¡ாÄல ‟«அªÇள¨ைÅவÔõ ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 3 ‟ âÁம¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟ÍÆழüºச¢ி¨ைÂயÔõ ‟¿ந¸க÷îºச¢ி¨ைÂயÔõ ‟¾த¢ி¨ைºச ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟
11.1.3 ‟ §ேÀப¡ாÄல¢ிò¾தõ ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟âÁம¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟ÍÆழüºச¢ி¨ைÂயÔõ ‟¿ந¸க÷îºச¢ி¨ைÂயÔõ ‟¾த¢ி¨ைºச ‟ ‟ ¸க¡ாÄல ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிý ‟«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟
‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟¸க¡ாÄல ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிý ‟«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 4 ‟ âÁம¢ி ‟ÍÆழøÅவ¾த¡ாø ‟²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟Åவ¢ி¨ைªÇள×¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
11.1.4 ‟ âÁம¢ி ‟¾தý ‟«அîºச¢ிø ‟ÍÆழøÅவ¾த¡ாø ‟²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟Åவ¢ி¨ைªÇள×¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணí¸கÙ¼டý ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø. ‟
‟ Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ x þஇ−Ãர× ‟Àப¸கø ‟§ே¾த¡ாýÚõ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú×; ‟ ‟ 5 ‟ þஇ−Ãர× ‟Àப¸கø ‟§ே¾த¡ாýÚÅவ¨ை¾த ‟¦ெºசÂயø¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟Åவ¨ைÃரÂய¨ைÃர ‟
‟ x ÝÃர¢ிÂயÉன¢ிý ‟«அ¨ைÁமÅவ¢ி¼டõ ‟±எô¦ெÀப¡ாØÐõ ‟Áம¡ாÚÅவ¨ை¾தô ‟ ‟ ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
‟ §ேÀப¡ாø ‟¦ெ¾தýÀபÎ¸க¢ிÈறÐ; ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ x ¿ந¢ிÆழÄல¢ிø ‟¿ந£ீªÇளÓõ, ‟¿ந¢ிÆழø ‟Åவ¢ிØõ ‟¾த¢ி¨ைºசÔõ ‟ 6 ‟ ÝÃர¢ிÂயý ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¿ந¢ிÄல¨ைÅவò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ÒôÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟²ஏüÀபÎõ ‟
‟ Áம¡ாÚÀபÎ¸க¢ிÈறÐ. ‟ ‟ âÁம¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟ÍÆழüºச¢ி ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¿ந¸க÷îºச¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟Àப¢ிÈற ‟Åவ¢ி¨ைªÇள¨ைÅவô ‟
‟ ‟ ÀபüÈற¢ிÂய ‟²ஏ¼டø¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
11.1.5 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர, ‟¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõ, ‟
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‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
11.2 ‟ ‟¿ந¢ிÄலÅவ¢ிý ‟ ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû: ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟¸க¨ைÄல¸கû ‟ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ ¿ந¢ிÄல¡ாÅவ¢ிüÌ ‟ÍÂய ‟´ஒªÇள¢ி ‟¸க¢ி¨ை¼டÂய¡ாÐ ‟±எÉன ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
11.2.1 ‟ ¿ந¢ிÄலÅவ¢ிüÌ ‟ÍÂயÁம¡ா¸க ‟´ஒªÇள¢ி ‟¸க¢ி¨ை¼டÂய¡ாÐ ‟¬ஆÉன¡ாø ‟ÝÃர¢ிÂய ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ´ஒªÇள¢ி¨ைÂயô ‟Àப¢ிÃர¾த¢ிÀபÄல¢ிì¸க¢ிÈறÐ ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷ ‟ 2 ‟ ¿ந¢ிÄல× ‟ÝÃர¢ிÂய ‟´ஒªÇள¢ி¨ைÂயô ‟âÁம¢ிìÌô ‟Àப¢ிÃர¾த¢ிÀபÄல¢ிì¸க¢ிÈறÐ ‟±எÉன ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌÅவ÷. ‟
11.2.2 ‟ §ேÀப¡ாÄல¢ிò¾தõ ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¿ந¢ிÄல× ‟¾தý ‟«அîºச¢ிø ‟ÍÆழýÚ ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñ§ே¼ட ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ «அ§ே¾த ‟§ேÅவ¨ைªÇளÂய¢ிø ‟âÁம¢ி¨ைÂயÔõ ‟ÍüÈற¢ி ‟ÅவÕõ ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟ ‟ 3 ‟ âÁம¢ி ‟¿ந¢ிÄல× ‟¿ந¸க÷îºச¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟Ó¨ைÈற¨ைÂய ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளìÌ¾தø. ‟
‟ ¾த¢ி¨ைºச ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¸க¡ாÄல ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிý ‟«அÊôÀப¨ை¼டÂய¢ிø ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிôÀப÷. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 4 ‟ þஇ−¨ை¼ட¦ெÅவªÇள¢ிìÌõ ‟¸க¡ாÄல ‟«அªÇளÅவ¢ிüÌõ ‟¯ˉஉûªÇள ‟
11.2.3 ‟ Áம¾த¢ிÁம¡ாÉன ‟¿ந¡ாû¸க¡ாðÊÂய¢ிýÀபÊ ‟þஇ−¨ை¼ட¦ெÅவªÇள¢ிìÌõ ‟¸க¡ாÄல ‟ ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷¨ைÀபô ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟¿ந¢ிÄலÅவ¢ிý ‟¸க¨ைÄல¸க¨ைªÇள ‟
‟ «அªÇளÅவ¢ிüÌõ ‟¯ˉஉûªÇள ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷¨ைÀபô ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி, ‟¿ந¢ிÄலÅவ¢ிý ‟ ‟ ¸கüÀப¨ைÉன ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÁமò¾தø. ‟
‟ ¸க¨ைÄல¸கªÇள¡ாÉன: ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ x ÒÐ ‟¿ந¢ிÄல× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟«அÁம¡ாÅவ¡ா¨ைºச; ‟ 5 ‟ «அýÈற¡ா¼ட ‟Åவ¡ாúÅவ¢ிø ‟¿ந¨ை¼ட¦ெÀபÚõ ‟¿ந¢ிÄலÅவ¢ிý ‟¸க¨ைÄல¸கû ‟
‟ x Àப¢ி¨ைÈற; ‟ ‟ ¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷ÒûªÇள ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú×¸க¨ைªÇள ‟²ஏ¼டø ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
‟ x «அ¨ைÃர ‟¿ந¢ிÄல¡ா; ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ 6 ‟ ¿ந¢ிÄலÅவ¢ிý ‟µμஓ§ேÃர ‟ºசÁமÁம¡ாÉன§ேÁமüÀபÃரôÒ ‟±எô§ேÀப¡ாØÐõ ‟
x ÓØ¿ந¢ிÄல× ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟¦ெÀபªÇள÷½ணÁம¢ி ‟§ேÀப¡ாýÈறÅவü¨ைÈற ‟
‟ ‟ âÁம¢ி¨ைÂய ‟§ே¿ந¡ாì¸க¢ி ‟¯ˉஉûªÇளÐ ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟Åவ¢ிªÇளì¸க ‟
¸கüÀப¨ைÉன ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÁமôÀப÷. ‟
‟ ¸கüÀப¨ைÉன ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÁமòÐò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙ¾தø. ‟
‟ ‟
11.2.4 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர,¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟
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¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபÓõ ‟Åவ¡ாúÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟¿ந¢ிÃரó¾த¢ிÃர ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄல ‟ ‟
12. ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÎÆ¦©´ ‟
‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
12.1 ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟
¸கð¼ட¼டò¾த¢ிý ‟ ‟ ‟ 1 ‟ ¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலò¾தý¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉன ‟¸கð¼ட¼டí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟
¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலò¾தý¨ைÁமÔõ ‟ 12.1.1 ‟ ÀபøÅவ¨ை¸க ‟°ஊ¼ட¸கí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟ÅவÆழ¢ி ‟¸கð¼ட¼டò¾த¢ிý ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலò¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணí¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிò¾தý¨ைÁமÔõ ‟ ‟ ÁமüÚõ ‟¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிò¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயì ‟¸க¡ாðÎõ ‟¯ˉஉ¾த¡ாÃர½ணí¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ ¦ெ¸க¡ாÎôÀப÷. ‟ 2 ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலò¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிò¾தý¨ைÁமì¸க¡ாÉன ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ¸க¡ாÃர½ண¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிôÀபÎòÐ¾தø. ‟
12.1.2 ‟ «அÊò¾தªÇளò¾த¢ிý ‟ÀபÃரôÀபªÇள×õ ‟¯ˉஉÂயÃரÓõ ‟´ஒÕ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாåªÇள¢ிý ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலò¾தý¨ைÁமì¸க¡ாÉன ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ண¢ி¸கû ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟¬ஆö×î ‟¦ெºசöÅவ÷. ‟ 3 ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¡ாÉன ‟Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸கìÌì ‟¸கð¼ட¼டí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிò¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலò¾தý¨ைÁமÂய¢ிý ‟
12.1.3 ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¢ிý ‟Åவ¨ை¸கÔõ ‟¸கð¼டò¾த¢ிý ‟ÅவÊÅவÓõ ‟´ஒÕ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕªÇள¢ிý ‟ ‟ Óì¸க¢ிÂயòÐÅவò¨ை¾த¦ெÂய¡ாðÊ ‟²ஏ¼டø¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
‟ ¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிò¾தý¨ைÁமì¸க¡ாÉன ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ண¢ி¸கû ‟±எýÀப¨ை¾த ‟¬ஆö×î ‟¦ெºசöÅவ÷. ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ‟ 4 ‟ ¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலò¾தý¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉன ‟¯ˉஉÕÁம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¨ைÂய ‟
12.1.4 ‟ ÁமÉன¢ி¾தÉன¢ிý ‟ÍÀப¢ிðºசÁம¡ாÉன ‟Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸க¨ைÂயò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼டÃர ‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌ¾தø. ‟
‟ ¸கð¼ட¼டí¸கªÇள¢ிý ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலò ‟¾தý¨ைÁம ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிò¾தý¨ைÁமÂய¢ிý ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ Óì¸க¢ிÂயòÐÅவò¨ை¾த¦ெÂய¡ாðÊ ‟²ஏ¼டø¸க¨ைªÇள ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌÅவ÷. ‟ 5 ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸க¢ிÂய ‟¯ˉஉÕÁம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிò¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயÔõ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலòòý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயÔõ ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚ¾தø. ‟
12.1.5 ‟ ÁமÚÀபÂயÉன£ீÎ ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟ ‟ ‟
‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலò¾தý¨ைÁம ‟Áம¢ிì¸க ‟¯ˉஉÕÁம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¨ைÂய ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாìÌÅவ÷. ‟ 6 ‟ ¬ஆöÅவ¢ிø ‟¸க¢ி¨ை¼டì¸கô¦ெÀபüÈற ‟ÓÊ×¸க¨ைªÇளì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாñÎ ‟
‟ ‟ ‟ ¯ˉஉÕÁம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¨ைÂயî ‟ºச£ீ÷ÀபÎòÐ¾தø ‟
12.1.6 ‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¡ாÉன ‟Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸க ‟¾தÃரò¨ை¾த ‟¯ˉஉÂய÷ò¾த ‟¯ˉஉÚ¾த¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟ÁமüÚõ ‟
‟ ¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலò¾தý¨ைÁமÂய¡ாÉன ‟¯ˉஉÕÁம¡ா¾த¢ிÃர¢ி¨ைÂய ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¡ாì¸கôÀபÂயýÀபÎõ ‟
‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇள ‟§ே¾த÷ó¦ெ¾தÎôÀப¨ை¾தì ‟¸க¡ாÃர½ணì ‟ÜÚÅவ÷. ‟
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‟ ¾தÃர ‟«அ¨ை¼ட× ‟
12.2 ‟¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¡ாÉன ‟ ‟ ‟ ‟
Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟
Åவ¡ாú¨ை¸க ‟ ‟ ‟
‟
¸கÄல¡ாîºச¡ாÃரõ ‟ 12.2.1 ‟
¿ந¢ி¨ைÄலÂய¡ாÉன ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸க¨ைªÇளô ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐÅவ¨ை¾த ‟
‟ ‟
ÅவÆழì¸கÁம¡ா¸கì ‟¦ெ¸க¡ாûÙÅவ÷. ‟
‟
‟
‟
12.2.2 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர, ‟¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟
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DSKP Sains Tahun 5 SJKT

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DRAF DSKP SAINS TAHUN 5 2014

KURIKULUM STANDARD SEKOLAH

KURIKULUM STANDARD SEKOLAH RENDAH

Cetakan Pertama 2014

© Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia

sains dan teknologi moden;

tersebut berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip berikut:

KEPERCAYAAN KEPADA TUHAN

KESETIAAN KEPADA RAJA DAN NEGARA

KESOPANAN DAN KESUSILAAN

FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN KEBANGSAAN

Pendidikan di Malaysia adalah suatu usaha berterusan ke arah memperkembangkan lagi

berketerampilan, berakhlak mulia, bertanggungjawab dan berkeupayaan mencapai

kesejahteraan diri serta memberikan sumbangan terhadap keharmonian dan kemakmuran

keluarga, masyarakat dan negara.

FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN SAINS NEGARA

tahan serta dapat menguasai ilmu sains dan keterampilan teknologi.

Rukun Negara iii

Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan iv

Falsafah Pendidikan Sains Negara v

Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) 5

Sikap Saintifik dan Nilai Murni 9

Elemen Merentas Kurikulum 10

Strategi Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran 11

Kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains 13

Kemahiran dan Nilai untuk Abad ke 21 15

Organisasi Standard Kandungan Kurikulum Sains 17

­þஇ−Âயø: ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அÈற¢ிÓ¸கõ ‟ ‟ ‟

¸கüÈறø ‟ ¸கüÀப¢ிò¾தÄல¢ிø ‟ ¬ஆì¸கî ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனÔõ ‟ Òò¾த¡ாì¸கî ‟ ºச¢ிó¾த¨ைÉனÔõ ‟ ¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟¦ெ¾த¡ாÆழ¢ிøÑðÀபõ ‟

3 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟¿ந¢ி¸கú¨ைÅவ ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟´ஒÕ ‟Áம¡ாüÈறò¨ை¾த ‟¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌÅவ¾தüÌ ‟

4 ‟ x «அ¨ைÉனòÐô ‟ÒÄலý¸க¨ைªÇளÔõ ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎò¾த¢ி ‟ºசÃர¢ிÂய¡ாÉன ‟¯ˉஉüÚ§ே¿ந¡ாìÌ¾தÄல¢ிý ‟

2 ‟ µμஓ÷ ‟¬ஆöÅவ¢ிø ‟ºச¡ா÷ó¾த¢ிÕìÌõ ‟Áம¡ாÈற¢ி¸க¨ைªÇள ‟Åவ¢ிÅவÃர¢ிò¾தø. ‟

‟ 1.2.1 ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ô ‟¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கjÓ¸´, ‟ 2 ‟ ´ஒÕ ‟ ¿ந¼டÅவÊì¨ை¸கìÌò ‟ §ே¾த¨ைÅவôÀபÎõ ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ô ‟ ¦ெÀப¡ாÕû¸கû, ‟ ¬ஆÃர¡ாö×ì ‟

2. ‟ ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அ¨ைÈறÂய¢ிý ‟Åவ¢ி¾த¢ிÓ¨ைÈற¸கû ‟

3.4 ‟¯ˉஉÂய¢ிÃர¢ிÉனí¸கªÇள¢ி¨ை¼ட§ேÂய ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟

4. ‟bÇ»yØ ‟Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸க ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாíÌ ‟

4.1 ‟¾த¡ாÅவÃரí¸கû ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟ ‟ ‟

´ஒòÐô§ேÀப¡ா¸க ‟¯ˉஉ¾த×õ ‟ºச¢ிÈறôÒò ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ 4 ‟ ¾தí¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟Þyb¢ ~hybØÓÊ´ dibé ‟

¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ிó¾தÅவü¨ைÈற ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர, ‟¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Ò ‟ ‟

5.2 ‟ÒÐÀப¢ிì¸க®© ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟

‟ 6.3.3 ‟ ´ஒªÇள¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¨ைÂயô ‟ÀபÂயýÀபÎòÐõ ‟¸கÕÅவ¢ி ‟«அøÄலÐ ‟

9.3.2 ‟ ­þஇ−Âயü¨ை¸க ‟¿ந£ீ÷î ‟ÍÆழüºச¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟Óì¸க¢ிÂயòÐÅவò¨ை¾தô ‟ÀபüÈற¢ி ‟

9.3.3 ‟ ¯ˉஉüÈறÈற¢ி¾த¨ைÄல ‟¯ˉஉÕÅவ¨ைÃர,¾த¸கÅவø ‟¦ெ¾த¡ா¼ட÷Òò ‟

10. ¸க¡ாÊÔõ ‟¸க¡ாÃரÓõ ‟

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þஇ−Âயø: ‟«அÈற¢ிÅவ¢ிÂயø ‟«அÈற¢ிÓ¸கõ ‟ ‟ ‟

4. ‟bÇ»yØ ‟Åவ¡ாúì¨ை¸க ‟¦ெºசÂயüÀப¡ாíÌ ‟

´ஒòÐô§ேÀப¡ா¸க ‟¯ˉஉ¾த×õ ‟ºச¢ிÈறôÒò ‟¾தý¨ைÁம¸க¨ைªÇள ‟ 4 ‟ ¾தí¸க¨ைªÇளò ‟Þyb¢ ~hybØÓÊ´dibé ‟

5.2 ‟ÒÐÀப¢ிì¸க®© ‟ ‟ Áம¡ா½ணÅவ÷¸கû ‟: ‟ ‟ ‟

9.3.2 ‟ þஇ−Âயü¨ை¸க ‟¿ந£ீ÷î ‟ÍÆழüºச¢ிÂய¢ிý ‟Óì¸க¢ிÂயòÐÅவò¨ை¾தô ‟ÀபüÈற¢ி ‟

10. ¸க¡ாÊÔõ ‟¸க¡ாÃரÓõ ‟