Professional Documents
Culture Documents
In what follows we give two proofs to this problem. In the second proof we shall
use a mean value theorem due to Flett. For more details we recommend [2] and [3].
Z t
First proof. We assume by contradiction that xf (x)dx 6= 0, ∀t ∈ (0, 1). With-
Z t 0 Z t
out loss of generality, let xf (x)dx > 0, ∀t ∈ (0, 1) and let F (t) = f (x)dx.
0 0
Integrating by part, we obtain
Z t Z t
0< xf (x)dx = tF (t) − F (x)dx, ∀t ∈ (0, 1).
0 0
Now, by passing to the limit when t → 1, and taking into account that F (1) = 0,
we deduce that
Z 1
F (x)dx ≤ 0.(∗)
0
An extension of theorem 1.1 was given in [4], namely
The proof is almost the same with the second proof of theorem 1.1, only this time
we shall consider the function H̃ : [0, 1] → R defined by
Z 1 Z t Z t Z 1 Z t Z t
H̃(t) = f (x)dx t g(x)dx − xg(x)dx − g(x)dx t f (x)dx − xf (x)dx .
0 0 0 0 0 0
The proof of the main result involves some non-elementary facts. The following
lemma will be used.
To formulate a consequence, denote by C([0, 1]) the Banach space of continuous
functions on [0, 1] and by Cnull the subspace of functions having zero integral.
Theorem 1.4. Let φ : [0, 1] → R a nondecreasing function continuous at 0 and such
that φ(0) = Z0, and consider the Volterra operator Vφ : C([0, 1]) → C([0, 1]) given by
x
Vφ (f )(x) = φ(t)f (t)dt. Then, all functions in Vφ (Cnull ) have at least one zero in
0
(0, 1).
References
[1] T.M. Flett, A mean value problem, Mathematical Gazette 42(1958), 38–39.
[2] T.L. Rădulescu, V.D. Rădulescu, T. Andreescu, Problems in Real Analysis: asvanced calculus
on the real axis, Springer Verlag, 2009.
[3] T. Lupu, Probleme de Analiză Matematică: Calcul Integral, GIL Publishing House, 1996.
[4] C. Lupu, T. Lupu Problem 11290, American Mathematical Monthly, no. 4/2007.