Mathematics – B

02/08/1999
Instructions:
To attempt any five questions. To assume suitable data whenever required. To answer in SI units only.
Each question carry equal marks.

Question 1
State whether following statements are TRUE or FALSE. If FALSE correct it and rewrite correct
statements.

(a) - 40°C = +40°F

False
- 40°F = - 40°C

(b) At the critical point, the specific volume of water is equal to 0.00317 m 3/kg.
False
At the critical point, the specific volume of water is equal to 0.00316 m3/kg.
(As per steam table given in Examination)

(c) For maximum discharge of flue gases through a chimney, draught in mm of water column is equal
to (176.5 X H)/T
Where H = Height of chimney in metres; T = Temperature of flue gases in the chimney in °K
False
For maximum discharge of flue gases through a chimney, draught in mm of water column is equal to
(176 X H)/T
Where H = Height of chimney in metres; T = Temperature of surrounding air in °K

(d) 1 bar = 10 X 104 N/m2.

True

(e) When one kg of solid or liquid fuel containing C, H, S and O is completely burnt, the minimum
quantity of air required is (100/21)[(2.666)C + 8H + S -O]
False
When one kg of solid or liquid fuel containing C, H, S and O is completely burnt, the minimum
quantity of air required is (100/23)[(8/3)C + 8{H- (O/8)} + S] kg.

(f) The function of flywheel is to keep the speed constant when load changes
False
The function of flywheel is to keep the speed constant during the cycle.

(g) At critical pressure, the latent heat of vaporisation is zero.

True

(h) The enthalpy of steam at pressure of 10 bar is 2015 kJ/kg. The condition of steam is wet.
False
The enthalpy of steam at pressure of 10 bar is 762.8 kJ/kg. The condition of steam is wet.

(i) The function of Governor of engine is to regulate the speed constant during load changes
True

(j) The internal corrosion in water tube boiler drum is due to hardness in feed water.
False
The internal corrosion in water tube boiler drum is due to oxygen in feed water.
Question 2
Answer any two.
2 (a)
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Steam at pressure of 7 bar absolute and dryness fraction 0.95 is supplied to a heater through
a pipe of 25 mm internal diameter. The velocity of steam in the pipe is 12 m/s. Water enters
the heater at 20°C and steam is blown into it and mixture of water and condensate leaves the
heater at 90°C. Determine the mass of steam and water entering the heater per second.

Specific volume of steam 0.95 dry and at pressure 7 bar absolute

= 0.95 X 0.273 = 0.259 m3/kg
Volume of steam flowing through pipe per secon = area of the pipe X Velocity of flow
=[(/4)X (0.025)2] X 12 = 0.005887 m3
Mass of steam flowing per second = 0.005887/0.259 = 0.02273 kg
Enthalpy of steam entering heater = 696.9 + (0.95X2065) = 2658.7 kJ/kg
Let m be the mass of water entering heater per second. By equating heat given out by steam to
heat received by water, we get
m X [4.1868 X (90 – 20)] = 0.02273 X [2658.7 – (90 X 4.1868)]
=> m = [0.02273 X (2658.7 – 376.8)] / (4.1868 X 70) = 0.177 kg/second

2 (b)
The pressure of steam in a condenser is 0.1 bar absolute and dryness fraction is 0.88. How
many heat units must be abstracted from steam in order to condense (i) 1 kg and (ii) 1 m3?

In order to condense steam, its latent heat must be abstracted.

From steam table, the latent heat at 0.1 bar = 2392.7 kJ/kg
Heat to be removed per kg = 0.88 X 2392.7 = 2105 kJ/kg
Specific volume of dry saturated steam at 0.88 dryness fraction = 0.88 X 14.67 = 12.9 m3/kg
Heat to be extracted per cubic metre of steam = 2105/12.9 = 163.2 kJ/m3.

2 (c)
Find out the horse power required to lift 90000 litres of water/hr to a pressure of 160 bar.
Assume the efficiency of feed pump is 87%. find out also the horse power of electric motor to
drive the pump if the efficiency of motor is 82.5%.

Head of the water to be developed by the pump = 160 bar = 160 X 1.02 kg/cm2
= 163.2 kg/cm2 i.e 1632 m of water.

Volume of water pumped per minute

= 90000 litres/hr = 25 litres/sec
=> m = 25 litres/sec = 25 kg/s

Efficiency of the pump is 87%

Brake Power required to drive the pump = (m X g X H)/(Efficiency)
= [(25) X (9.81) X 1632] /(0.87) = 460055 W = 460.055 kW
= 460.055/0.736 HP = 625.075 HP

Question 3
A train is uniformly accelerated and passes successive kilometer stone with velocities of 18
km/h and 36 km/h respectively. Calculate the velocity of train when it passes the third
kilometer stone. Also find out the time taken for each of this two intervals of one kilometer.

Distance = d metre; velocity = V m/s, acceleration = a m/s2, time = T seconds,

Subscripts: 0 = start; 1 = first stone; 2 = second stone; 3 = third stone
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V0 = ? ; V1 = 18 kmph = 18 X (1000/3600) m/s = 5 m/s
V2 = 36 kmph = 36 X (1000/3600) m/s = 10 m/s; V3 = ?

a = [(V2)2 – (V1)2]/(2Xd) = [(10)2 – (5)2]/(2X1000) = 0.0375 m/s2

and a = [(V3 )2 – (V2)2]/(2Xd) => 0.0375 = [(V3)2 – (10)2]/(2X1000)

=> V3 = 13.2287 m/s

Time taken by train to reach from first stone to second stone

T12 = (V2 – V1)/a = (10 – 5) / 0.0375 = 133.33 seconds

Time taken by train to reach from second stone to third stone

T23 = (V3 – V2)/a = (13.2287 – 10) / 0.0375 = 86.098 seconds

Question 4
A lancashire boiler of 20.43 m 3 capacity generates steam at pressure of 8 bar where 2/3 rd
volume is occupied by water and 1/3rd volume by steam. The explosion takes place. Calculate
the energy released due to explosion. If the period of explosion is one second take density of
water at 8 bar at saturation temperature = 896 kg/m3.

Volume occupied by water = 2/3 X 20.43 = 13.62 m3.

Mass of water in the boiler = 896 X 13.62 = 12215 kg

Specific volume of steam at 8 bar = 0.2405 m3.

Mass of steam in the boiler = 1/3 X (20.43/0.2405) = 28.3 kg

When the explosion takes place the pressure will be one physical atmosphere i.e., 1.0135 bar.
At atmospheric pressure specific enthalpy of liquid is 419.1 kJ and that of evaporation is
2256.9 kJ

Therefore due to explosion, the energy release will be

12215 X (720.7 – 419.1) + 28.3 (2767.3 – 2676.1) = 3.681 GJ.

This energy will destroy the boiler and create destruction to the surroundings.
As the period of explosion is 1 second, the power of explosion will be (3.681/1) = 3.681 GW
i.e, 3681 MW.

Question 5
A lever safety valve is 75 mm diameter. The distance from the centre of the valve to the
fulcrum is 90 mm. The lever is 61 cms long from the centre of the valve to the dead weight
placed at the end. The lever weight is 5.0 kgs and its centre of gravity is 25 cms from the
fulcrum. The valve and its spindle weights together is 1.0 kg. What should be the dead weight
at the end to blow off the safety valve at 6 bar in kgs?

Boiler drum pressure is 9 bar = 1.0197 X 6 kg/cm2 = 6.1182 kg/cm2

Load safety valve has to handle due to boiler pressure = pressure X area
= 6.1182 X ( /4) X (D)2 = 6.1182 X ( /4) X (7.5)2 = 270.29 kg (Upward direction)
Combined weight of spindle and valve is 1 kg. (Downward direction)
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Effective load on safety valve = 270.29 – 1 = 269.29 kg (Upward direction)
Lever weight = 5 kg (Downward direction) and Dead Weight = W (Downward direction)

Lever loaded safety Valve:

Fulcrum
<----------------- 25 cm ------------------><------------------------------ 45 cm
---------------------------------->
<------ 9 cm ------> <------- 16 cm ------>
269.29 kg (up) 5 kg (down) W kg (down)

Taking moments,
269.29 X 9 = (5 X 25) + (W X 70) => W = 32.8377 kg
Question 6
In a twin cylinder locomotive the steam at pressure of 15 bar absolute enters a cylinder of 30
cms diameter for ½ of the length of the stroke which is 40 cms. If the piston speed is 150
m/min; find out the indicated horse power developed by engine assuming to be double
acting, the back pressure is 1.2 bar absolute and the diagram factor is 0.8. Find also the
speed of engine.

If L be the length of the stroke in the metre, then in one revolution of the engine the piston
moves through 2L metre. If N be the speed of the engine in rpm then piston speed = 2LN
metre/minute. => Piston Speed = 2LN = 150 m/min

Cut off ratio = ½ => Expansion ratio = r = 2; P 1 = 15 bar; Pb = 1.2 bar

Theoretical mean effective pressure Pm = (P1 /r) X [1 + log(r)] - Pb
= (15/2) X [1 + log(2)] – 1.2 = 11.5 bar
Actual Pm = Diagram Factor X Theoretical Pm = 0.8 X 11.5 = 9.2 bar
Area = ( /4) X (0.30)2 = 0.0706 m2
For Double acting Steam Engine, Neglecting dia of piston rod and assuming Pm of both side
as same Indicated Power = 2 X Pm X L X A X (N/60) = [Pm X A X (2XLXN)]/60
= [(9.2 X 100) X 0.0706 X 150]/ 60 = 162.380 kW

Power developed by engine as engine is twin cylinder = 2 X 162.380 = 324.76 kW

Speed = 150/(2X0.4) = 187 rpm

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