Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
City of San Jose del Monte
SAPANG PALAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

A research paper entitled

The Number of Hours Spent in using Smartphone
In Academic Performance

Presented by:
Hans David Abelarde
Sheila Marie Cruz
RolexisDacusan
Patrick Raquil
Grade 12, 2017 Humanities and Social Science
A quantitative research study in partial fulfillment of the requirements in the subject Research in

Daily Life
Submitted to Mr.Kay Mark Orio on behalf of the Senior High School faculty of SapangPalay

National High School

Abstract
 The researchers come up with this topic because it is very relevant nowadays for

them. The researchers also wonder how long the student spends their time using a

smartphone.

This research is all about “The numbers of hours spend in using smartphones in

academic performance ”.This is to fully know the rage of the time that the students use

in their school works. The researchers want to know how spending more time in smart

phone and the application with in it can affects the students performance .This is to

have more knowledge about the reason why and how the students will cope up.

The researchers used several sources together data for this research paper. The

researchers conducted surveys among the students to gain more knowledge about how the

students use their time.

 Acknowledgement

This research was important because aside from the grade of the researchers will

get from this, all their hard work and perseverance paid off. The researchers were glad to

accomplish this research paper because this will be useful for others and also for those

students who is taking this kind of topic.

The researchers would like to thank Mr. Kay Mark Orio for his guidance to do

this research paper. His patience to answer all the questions of the researcher in order to

be accurate and correct the entire thing that the researchers are doing.

The researchers would like to thank the respondents also, for their time to answers

all the questions that the researchers conduct, for accepting the survey and answering

with honesty and willingness.

To the parents of the researchers who understand all the sacrifices just to let the

researchersto do this research paper.In order for them to accomplish this.

And to Almighty God who gives us the strength, wisdom and knowledge to this

task.All the praise and glory for our Holy God.

 Chapter I
Research Problem and its Background
Introduction
Mobile phones are used for entertainment, to connect with friends and colleagues, to

stay informed, to shop, to study and for just about everything else. Students who spent two to

four hours each day using digital phones inside of schoolwork were 23% more likely. According

to MediaKix, we spend an average of 1 hour, 56 minutes on the 5 social media platforms alone.

1st is YouTube 2nd is Facebook 3rd is Snap chat 4th is Instagram 5th is Twitter.
It is amazing how the purpose of mobile phones has changed through the years. They

started as another way to communicate and now they are tools to experience the whole world

from your fingers. As social media, entertainment, search, shopping and studying take up larger

portions of our time.

Smartphones capability does not end at internet access, or at document editing.

Smartphones also have the ability to interpret and decipher or succeed understanding in

information like from quick response code that may be on product packaging. It also allows users

to keep pictures, memories, personal information, correspondence, health and financial data in

one place. Smartphones are advancing at very quick pace and some have ability to talk to you,

answer questions, turn off your lights when you are not there, open doors, and even studying and

watching movies.
Mobile phones have become very practical. From the first device were barely portable

compared to today, a very highly functional devices, and our usage reflects their application.

There have phone dictionary, Merriam Webster, and any other application for studying.
Smartphones enable consumers, advertisers and publishers how to better engage,

socialize using the ubiquitous experience this advanced platform by leveraging it of the firm. The

focus of income statement is on the operating revenues and expenses. User groups of financial

reports for decision–making require data related to all easy to use and availability characteristic,

according to JMEST.
 While recently the words mobile phone, smart phone, and cell phone have come to be

used interchangeably, 2 decades ago, mobile phones and cell phones were used primarily for

making and receiving calls and for SMS messaging. Smartphones have increasing become a

major part of our lives due to their numerous benefits, according to Saudi Med.
The purpose of this study is to know the numbers of hours that the student uses their

smart phone in their studies and projects to improved their academic performances. This study

also wants to let the students to be aware of the time in using smart phone.

Statement of the Problem

In the society that the people engaging now is more accessible and easier to adapt that
make the works of the people faster than the previous years. In a changing society the way of
studying of the students change too. Technology stealing most of the time of the students of
using different gadgets like a smart phone.
The researchers wants to know how long do students use their smart phone ,did using
smart phone affect their academic performance and how they handle it.

Research Question
• How long do students spent in using smart phone for academic purpose?
• How did using smartphones greatly affect their academic performance?
• Did student have uncontrollable use of their Smartphone?
• What is the academic performance of respondents (Average Grade )

Hypothesis:

Ho : There is no significant relationship of number of hour spend to the academic

performance
Ha : There is a significant relationship of number of hour spend to the academic
performance

Scope and limitation

This research study rely on the students of HUMSS in the school of Sapang Palay

National High school SY 2017-2018. This study focuses on the comparison of the students who

is spending hours in using Smartphone and the impact of it in their academic performance. This
research study also will not specify or endorse any brand of Smartphone as long as it is use in

academic performance.

Significance of the study

The benifits of this study will help the students to know the wide differences in using

smart phone through academic performance. Does it effect the student to improved their skills or

either the student become irresponsible, lazy, and worst in their studies.
Including their appropriate intelligence must conclude in this study and also how they

approach the technologycal gadgets which is smart phone during school days.

Definition of terms
Academic Performance – In this research academic performace define as the affected

variable of this study

Excessive – In this research the excessive define the range of using smartphones in the society

that affect the different aspect of it.

Mobile phone - In this research mobile phone define as similar to the smartphone but not

so improvise
Questions - In this research questions define as sentence , prase or word asks for

information
Respondents –In this research respondents define as a person who gives response or

answer to a question that is asked especially as part of a survey

Smart phone – In this research smart phone define as the variable that the student engaging to.

Application that their smart phone have stealing the time that the students must use to their

studies.
Students - In this research students are the respondents of this study especially the

HUMSS

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature

There are four user profiles according to Lapointe ; in the two of these it says that
these users are exhibiting addictive behaviors. The users profile corresponds to the other types of
additions, the users known definitions of addiction do not apply and the characteristics of these
users are very different.

Carvin and Ogedebe (2006) found strong correlation of Internet access with academic
performance. In the studies of these people they both agreed that Internet helps the students
improved their academic performances. Also, it said the technology-base activities are able to
facilitate the students to understand and giving them a different ways of expressing knowledge.
Therefore, technology has a positive influence on the student academic performance.

According to Kirkorian, Wartella, and Anderson ( 2000) state that the content that is
being portrayed in the television (TV) can act as the tool for interaction between the viewers and
the media. High levels of exposure to educational TV are positively linked with students’
academic achievement especially for those who had started since their early childhood.
 Tindell (2012), research suggests that college students frequently use the cell phone
during class time despite rules against doing. As cell phone technology continues its rapid
development, the device appears capable of contributing to student learning and improved
academic performance.

According to Tao (2013). Conversely, recent research suggests that many college
students perceive the cell phone primarily as a leisure device, and most commonly use cell
phones for social networking, surfing the Internet, watching videos, and playing games.

According to Kipp Bentley (2012) This is certainly only a starter list for smartphones in
classrooms. Many teachers and students are already using them in other, untold interesting ways.
But that’s the point: Smartphones are compelling tools in the hands of students and savvy
educators, and they will only become more so over time. And using them in classrooms presents
new opportunities for teachers and students to work together on leveraging these devices.
Because, let’s face it, resistance is futile.

In the first part of this discussion, we reviewed schools’ ongoing classroom bans on
students’ cellphones — or more accurately smartphones. We suggested it’s time for teachers to
adopt ways to put students’ smartphones to productive classroom use after recognizing the
eventual futility of such bans, and how educators are overlooking the computing power of these
devices.And though there are many schools and teachers that don’t allow classroom smartphones,
there are a growing number who have established the necessary ground rules for their use and
made smartphones an integral part of their classrooms. Below is an introductory list of some
ways these teachers are leveraging their students’ smartphones for good.

Research : Using smartphones for on-the-fly research during class is a start. But a good next
step is having students gather pertinent information and then learn ways to analyze the validity of
their sources.

Twitter : Setting up a dedicated Twitter feed where teachers post assignments and due dates is a
good first step in using this app with students. Then they can move on to share newsfeeds or
track hashtags on a particular topic as a class project to examine and discuss contrasting
viewpoints. And tracking government Twitter feeds, including those of our incoming tweeting
president, can be used for a variety of current event and research purposes.

Social media : The social media landscape is dynamic, and students will regularly embrace
new apps. So teachers should examine the instructional and communication possibilities of these
apps and consider their potential to engage students and to augment learning in new ways.

Text messaging : In addition to posting class assignments on a website or tweeting them,

teachers can also simply send an assignment text message to their students. “Remember, history
quiz this Friday!” is an easy reminder, and one students are unlikely to miss.

Calendars : Helping students set up and use a calendar app on their phones is a good lesson in
time management for their class assignments and test preparations.

Discussion forums : Rather than going on the open Internet, there are many resources available
for teachers to set up their own online class discussion forums. This is a great way to develop
students’ skills in writing for an audience, and presenting and defending their opinions. And it
also gives new opportunities for students to be heard, particularly those who are less likely to
participate in classroom discussions.

Student response systems : Clicker systems became popular in schools as a way to quickly
gather student input — perhaps at the end of class to determine students’ levels of understanding
on a particular topic, or as a way to conduct class opinion polls. With a free or inexpensive online
tool like Poll Everywhere, students’ phones can easily be used to replace expensive school-
owned clickers.

Photos and videos : The photo and video capabilities of smartphones should not be overlooked.
Class assignments can be augmented in interesting ways by encouraging students to add photos
or video content to their work, and then posting it to a class repository on such sites as Vimeo or
YouTube. It’s also important to train students to use video editing tools so their photo or video
content is scripted, arranged and aesthetically interesting.
Audio recording : The voice memo app on smartphones is another tool that can be leveraged in
classrooms. Students may want to use it to record lectures or to flesh out their assignments by
adding in audio elements. And doing an oral history assignment with a smart phone is another
possible use. But again, teaching students to edit their audio work, just as they do their written
assignments, is also important.

According to Alanis Morissette (2006) it is worth remembering that this does not mean
we should suddenly change the way in which we teach and allow the use of the smartphones
without control. The purpose of this article is simply to remove some of the negative
connotations around smartphonesand to consider new possibilities which we have at our
disposal. In order for students to use smartphones in school responsibly, it is important that we
set limits and rules beforehand.

These 40 uses of Smartphones in School are just the beginning. The teaching and
learning process can be enriched by embracing these ideas. Provided they are monitored and
conducted in the safest manner, smartphone use in school is going to be the next big thing in
2015/ 2016.

Check facts : probably the most common use of all. Both students and teachers can now find
facts within seconds. This can be very useful when explaining and debating topics.

Take photos : mobile phones can be used as cameras to illustrate work and presentations.

Make videos : similar to the last point. For example, videos can be used to record experiments
and later include them in projects.

Carry out tests : this is probably one of the most interesting and revolutionary uses of the
mobile phone in the classroom. Students can now take quizzes and tests on their mobile phone
that were created earlier by their teacher. In this way, teachers can gain valuable real-time insight
in to the knowledge of their students and the effectiveness of their teaching. To implement this
technique now, download the Exam Time Mobile App for iOS or Android.
Read the news : many teachers often include news articles as part of their teaching methods (for
example, in Economics). With an endless amount of news gathering mobile applications, you can
bring news and current affairs into the classroom in an instant.

Dictionary : there are a multitude of dictionary applications that allow you to check the meaning
of a word instantly.

Translator : again, this can help with meaning and explanation of a foreign word just like the
dictionary application.

Calendar : no more forgetfulness or confusion about exam dates or submission deadlines. Now
you have applications that allow you to synchronize calendars.

Write down ideas : inspiration does not always come when we want it to. For that reason, try
using your mobile device. Smartphones allow us to take down notes any time, any place.

Listen to music : we have spoken before at length about how music helps us to study.
Additionally, you do not need to store your songs if you use services such as Spotify or
Soundcloud.

Images : as you well know, a picture is worth a thousand words. For this reason, in many cases,
students find it easier to understand material when there is an image related to an
explanation.Mind Maps are a good example of a tool that helps in this regard.

Review : smartphones allows you to access resources and material quickly before an exam. Don’t
forget to sign up with ExamTime online and then download the official app for Android or iOS.

Stop watch/timer : classes, exercises and presentations often come with time limits. Practice
your time management by using your mobile phone’s stopwatch.

Read eBooks : when learning, applying for a job position or going to University, reading PDFs
and manuals can be mandatory. For this reason, applications like Kindle allow us to read books
and manuals from anywhere.
Voice Recorder : mobile phone provide students with the ability to record explanations. These
recordings can be referred to later on and can save a great deal of time instead of writing. In
these cases, always remember to get permission from the teacher first.

Discover related subject material : among many other functions, the ExamTime App lets you
search through more than one million study resources created by other Exam Time users.

Document scanner : although it does not offer the same quality as a traditional scanner, the
camera of a mobile phone can serve as a scanner. Some teachers even support the delivery of
class work through photos (for example, Math exercises).

Calculator : there are numerous applications that enable you to perform all the operations of a
scientific calculator. This helps reduce the amount of items students must carry in their bags.

Edit videos : not only can we make videos, but we can also edit them, add text, filters, effects
and more.

Edit pictures : the same can be done with images as with videos.

Publish in the class blog : class blogs are an increasingly common exercise these days and help
develop writing skills. Thanks to your mobile phone, you can write and post articles at any time.

Track blog visits : the implementation of Google Analytics allows you to check the progress
of your class blog from anywhere.

Make presentations : instead of having to carry around external hard drives and USB sticks,
store the material in your mobile phone and connect it directly to the projector. Have you tried
‘play mode’ using the Exam Time Mind Map tool?

Remote control : whether switching from one slide to another during a presentation or stopping
and playing a video, there are applications that enable you to use our smart phone as a remote
control.
Communicate : the PA system is a thing of the past. If a student must go to the secretary or
principal’s office, you can communicate with them through a text message.

Store Formulae : smartphones allows us to store mathematical and scientific formulas close to
hand. There are applications that already contain hundreds of commonly used formulae, all
you have to do is look for them.

Control noise in the classroom : your mobile phone can serve as a decibel meter and tell you
when the noise level gets too high. Reward the students by keeping the noise at an agreed level.
Recommended application: Too noisy.

Updates : Remind is an app designed to send notifications to parents and/or students without
knowing their phone number. This means that the boundaries between privacy and the classroom
can be maintained while communication is not hampered.

Locate points on the map : during class location based apps can help when introducing students
to a region of country. Applications such as Google Maps help us to locate ourselves and are
great in History and Geography classes.

Tweet : Twitter is a social network that has many educational uses. The mobile phone is
probably the best way to access it to read and write Tweets about education. Don ’t forget to
follow Exam Time on Twitter.

Study Vocabulary : in foreign language classes, vocabulary is crucial. Quite often students
don’t pay enough attention and can get left behind.Flashcardsare one of the resources that
provide better results when viewing from mobile phones and are super easy to digest.

Control Attendance : there are many applications that can help keep track of the attendance of
students direct from our mobile phone.

Assess Students : mobile phones can be used to monitor and keep track of a student’s course
work and exam results. In this way, teachers have access at all times to a particular student and
can see if that student is making progress or not.
Clock : studies have shown that more people are reaching for their mobile phone to check the
time rather than checking their wristwatch. Why not check the weather on your mobile device
too?

Inspire : originality is one of the best ways to keep students interested. However, sometimes
students simply get bored. The mobile phone provides a window to the world where you can
discover topics and ideas that are otherwise limited by traditional books and encyclopedias.

Share Notes : many teachers tend to distribute material at the beginning or at the end of the
class. Instead photocopying large amounts of paper and handing them out, your mobile phone
allows you to easily perform this function. Again, the Exam Time App can help with that!

Digital Whiteboard : Although the majority of apps that serve as a digital Whiteboard are
optimized for tablets, there are also some that can be used directly from your phone and allow
you to project everything you create.

Weather : for those teachers who like to move the lesson outdoors, weather apps can come in
very useful to see the forecast. These apps can also serve specific lessons in explaining the
climatic conditions in other regions/countries.

Measure

Productivity : there are applications, such as Time Recording Pro, that allow you to measure
the time you have dedicated to a particular task. This can be very useful for teachers and students
when taking on a project that is divided into several phases.

Play : there is much talk of the gamification of the educational process, i.e. the need to transform
learning into a game as much as possible. There are literally hundreds of educational apps that
can make learning more enjoyable and easier on the students.

Related Studies
 A study done by Kabre and Brown ( 2007) , on the influence of the Facebook shows that
the number of hour spent on Facebook influence both academic performance and the quality of
life among student.

According to (Flad, 2012), high school students use different sites as a tool to obtain
information and resources for their academic planning to enhance their artistic and so on. Social
networking sites do bring negative impact to the users especially to the study habits and
completion of homework and assignments of the students.

A study by Sato (2015) revealed that decreased academic performance is one of the
frequent consequences of over using technology among all students. The study carried out the
city of Sendai and Tohoko University with 23,139 participants of different ages. The study was
quiet convincing that overuse of smartphones directly affects the students sleep.

A studies conducted in both Eastern and Western countries have indicated a negative
relationship between watching TV and educational achievement (Chen and Lu, 2009; Cooper,
Valentine, Nye, and Lindsey, Jordan and Nettles, Schreiber and Chambers. Similar results were
found in this study watching TV was found to be detrimental to academic achievement.

A studies done by Darling, Caldwell, and Smith , and Bashir and Hussain ( 2005) ,
adolescents who participated in extracurricular activities are reported to achieve higher grades in
their academic performance. The students have more positive attitudes towards school, and have
higher academic aspirations. School-related extracurricular activities, sports for leisure purpose
also provide opportunities for initiative, emotional regulation, goal setting, persistence, and
problem solving and time management.

According to Lin etal. (2014), smartphone addiction could be considered a form of

technological addiction. Specifically, Griffiths (1996) operationally defined these addictions as
non-chemical behavioural addictions that involve human–machine interaction. Other than
‘gambling disorder’, ‘Internet gaming disorder’ is currently the only non-substance-related
disorder proposed for inclusion in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a substance-related and addictive disorder (American Psychiatric
Association, 2013). Although a primary smartphone characteristic is the use of Internet-based
applications, smartphone portability and capability for installing applications that are suited to
individuals’ needs and lifestyles make it a versatile, multi-purpose object that many persons carry
with them at all times. Therefore, smartphone addiction symptoms may differ from those of
Internet addiction. Through exploratory factor analysis, Lin etal. (2014) demonstrated that
smartphone addiction has several similar aspects to DSM-5 substance-related disorders including
the following four main factors: compulsive behaviour, functional impairment, withdrawal, and
tolerance. Based on clinical interviews to establish the sensitivity and specificity of these factors
for classifying individuals with and without smartphone addiction,Lin etal. (2015)proposed
several diagnostic criteria for smartphone addiction.

Smartphone addiction, its association with smartphone use, and its predictors have not yet
been studied in a European sample. This study investigated indicators of smartphone use,
smartphone addiction, and their associations with demographic and health behaviour-related
variables in young people.

In his study, he found out that smartphone addiction occurred in 256 (16.9%) of the
1,519 students. Longer duration of smartphone use on a typical day, a shorter time period until
first smartphone use in the morning, and reporting that social networking was the most
personally relevant smartphone function were associated with smartphone addiction. Smartphone
addiction was more prevalent in younger adolescents (15–16 years) compared with young adults
(19 years and older), students with both parents born outside Switzerland, persons reporting
lower physical activity, and those reporting higher stress. Alcohol and tobacco consumption were
unrelated to smartphone addiction.

He also added the different indicators of smartphone use are associated with smartphone
addiction and subgroups of young people have a higher prevalence of smartphone addiction. This
study examined indicators of smartphone use and smartphone addiction within a relatively large
convenience sample of adolescents and young adults in Switzerland. The study revealed four
main findings: (1) the German version of the SAS-SV might provide an appropriate instrument
for assessing smartphone addiction in young people; (2) a longer duration of smartphone use,
shorter time period until first smartphone use in the morning, and indicating that social
networking is the most personally relevant smartphone function were positively associated with
smartphone addiction; (3) smartphone addiction was more prevalent in young adolescents
(15–16 years) compared with young adults (19 years and older), students with both parents born
outside Switzerland, persons reporting lower physical activity, and those reporting higher stress;
and (4) alcohol and tobacco consumption were unrelated to smartphone addiction.

The first analyses of the reliability and validity of the German version of the SAS-SV showed
good psychometric properties, with an internal consistency of .85 and item total correlation
coefficients within an acceptable range. Although further validation is required, the results of the
SAS-SV concerning the content validity of the scale were also promising in regard to the
association of specific indicators of smartphone use (frequency, duration, time until first use,
preferred smartphone function) and smartphone addiction.

Lin concluded on his study it provides the first insights into smartphone use, smartphone
addiction, and predictors of smartphone addiction in young people from a European country,
which should be extended in further studies. In conclusion, the present study provides the first
insights into smartphone use, smartphone addiction, and predictors of smartphone addiction in
young people from a European country. Future studies should extend this knowledge in order to
draw clearer conclusions regarding the disease burden and etiology of this ever-increasing
behavior.

Lin recommended and suggested as suggested by Kwon, Kim etal. (2013), we used smart
phone addiction cut-off values of ≥31 and ≥33 for male and female participants, respectively.
Results indicated that smart phone addiction was present in 256 (16.9%) of the 1,519
participants. Table 3 presents univariate associations; Table 4presents multivariate associations of
indicators of smart phone use with smart phone addiction according to the German version of the
SAS-SV. In the final multivariate model (R 2 = .15) the following variables were significant
predictors of smart phone addiction: longer duration of smart phone use on a typical day
(reference category: less than 60 minutes per day; 1–2 hours: OR = 2.32,p = .03; 3–4 hours: OR 
= 5.79,p < .01; 5–6 hours: OR = 10.78,p < .01; more than 6 hours: OR = 10.98,p < .01); a shorter
time period until first smart phone use in the morning (reference category: within 5 minutes;
within 6–30 minutes: OR = 0.49,p < .01; within 31–60 minutes: OR = 0.25,p < .01; after more
than 60 minutes: OR = 0.39,p = .04); and indicating social networking as the most personally
relevant smart phone function (reference category: social networking; listening to music: OR = 
0.49,p = .01).

According to the study of Lin he stated the following advantages of using smart
phone .

1. With a smart phone, waiting for things becomes less of a pain because you can keep yourself
entertained; for example, you can read the news, play games, listen to music or watch a movie. It
can make your commute to the office or those four hours waiting to get seen in A& amp; E just
flies by.

2. Complaining about products and services becomes a whole lot easier when you can do it
through Twitter and Face book on your smart phone. Many companies now use social media as a
part of their customer service. It makes it quick, easy and you can do it anywhere.

3. Having a smart phone makes it much more convenient to check your email, social media or
even your bank account while on the go. Need to look at your bank balance before making a
purchase? Not a problem.

4. With a smart phone, you’re no longer going to get in hot water using your company’s
computer to chat with your friends whilst you are at work. Instead, you can keep your
conversations away from the business’s network, protect your privacy and stay within
your employer’s IT usage policy.

5. With so many public Wi-Fi hotspots popping up, smart phones enable you to cut down your
reliance on your phone network to get connected. This means you can do more surfing without
the need to eat into your data allowance. Do be careful though, not all hotspots are secure.

6. Smartphone can be great for drivers. You can use smart phone apps, like Google Maps, as
Satnavs, helping you get to your destination and avoid traffic jams. You can even connect your
phone to your car’s audio system and blast out your favorite tunes whilst you’re driving.
7. If you are out and about looking for something to do, smart phones can be the ideal tool to find
the perfect entertainment or restaurant. Using apps like Foursquare, you can get up to the minute
information on where to go and what to do – all based on your current location. You can also find
reviews and even get money off vouchers.

8. As a smart phone is essentially a small screen computer, it means you can carry out a wide
range of tasks when on the go, for example, you can use your phone to order your groceries,
write a report, turn on the central heating and play Angry Birds.

9. As your apps can connect to and sync in the cloud, you can have access to all your information
and files, no matter where you are. Using online storage, such as Google Drive, Microsoft One
Drive or Dropbox, you can get hold of important information wherever you are. And by using the
huge variety of apps available, you can do things like publish a blog post, edit your photos or
update a spreadsheet.

10. Recent advances in technology mean you can now use your mobile phone in a similar way to
a contactless bank card and pay for things just by tapping the screen.

Disadvantages

1. Phones can be addictive and spending too much time on them can make you socially
isolated from the real world. You should avoid becoming obsessed with constantly checking
it. Resist the urge as it can develop into compulsive behavior.

2. Overuse of smart phones has led to the development of smart phone etiquette. There are
certain social situations where it is just not acceptable to have a phone. For example, it’s not
considered polite to interrupt a conversation to check an incoming text, nor do many people
feel it’s appropriate to take a phone out when at the dining table. In other words, don ’t let
your smart phone habits turn you into a rude person.

3. You will lose your smart phone. Several times a day. You’ll leave it in the car, at the office,
down the side of the sofa, under the duvet. And when you try to ring it, either the battery will
have gone or you’ll have left it on silent. Don’t worry, it turns up – usually.

4. Smart phones are expensive. If you just have to have the latest all singing, all dancing
model then you will be paying either a large sum to buy the phone outright or quite a bit for
your monthly contract. In addition, there are costs for different services and charges for
buying apps. It all adds up. Calls are also more expensive over mobile networks than over
home phones.

5. There are security risks with smart phones. You store lots of personal information on
mobile phones and many of the apps log you in automatically, giving anyone with your
phone access to your online accounts. If your phone does not have an adequate, password
protected, screen lock, then all this information is at risk.

In addition, there is also the risk your phone can be hacked or even spied upon.

6. Hello, burglar, I’m on holiday! There are some apps that allow friends to track your
location using your phone and if their phone gets stolen, it’s easy for the thieves to find out
that you are away from home. Of course, you can make it easier for them by posting a photo
of you on Facebook, sunning yourself on the beach.

7. Storage can be a problem. Smart phones are small so there is not space for a huge, built-in
hard drive. Although you can buy a sizable SD card for your music, images and videos, the
vast majority of your apps and the data they download will be stored on the phone’s internal
storage by default.

You can move the apps’ data to your SD card, however, whenever the app updates (and most
do so very regularly), it will reinstall everything back on the internal storage again. In effect,
this limits the number of apps you can have installed at any one time.

8. Danger, Water! Although there are a few waterproof phones beginning to appear on the
 market, it is safe to say that the vast majority of smart phones don’t get on too well with
liquids. You’ll be surprised at how many get dropped down the toilet, in the bath or in the
sink. If yours gets wet, turn it off or remove the battery as soon as possible to try to prevent it
shorting. The most common remedy, though it does not work for everyone, is to stick it in a
bag of rice for 24 hours to soak up any water. Check out the many YouTube videos for help.
The best solution is to contact the manufacturer or your vendor.

9. Smart phones are not indestructible or childproof. Besides falling down the toilet, the
biggest problem we tend to have is dropping them and the result is often a smashed screen.
Whilst you can buy a replacement screen and have a go at mending it yourself, the results are
often poor. Getting it done professionally is the best option but it also very expensive. You
can massively reduce the risk of smashing the screen by not lending your phone to your kids.

10. On a serious note, perhaps the biggest disadvantage of having a smart phone is that you
put yourself at risk of someone trying to rob it from you. There have been instances of people
being badly assaulted by thieves stealing phones and this is much more likely if you are
flashing the latest, must-have phone. Luckily, a new technology which allows stolen phones
to be deactivated remotely after being lost or stolen has reduced the number of thefts taking
place. The best solution, however, is to keep your phone in your bag or pocket when in
public. Out of sight, out of mind.

Local Literature

The Manila Times(2015) excessive use of mobile phones cause the students to fare
poorly in elementary, junior high, and senior high school, not only because it make the students
lose their concentration due to lack of sleep and it apparently compromises what the students
have studied, researchers say.

According to Xinhua (2009) Filipinos is using their mobile phones not only to
communicate but also as mobile computer.

Local Studies
 Nielsen (2014), Filipinos spent an average of two minutes per using different application.
But when it came to Facebook it owns the time of the users.

Sean Gowran (2017) the young Filipinos are the heaviest users of mobile internet in the
country. The youth spend most of their time online watching videos, using media and instant
messaging application.

Synthesis

According to Kipp Bentley (2012) the teachers and students use smart phone to be
productive. There are list of some ways that teachers are leveraging their smart phones for good.

Morissete (2006) wants to imply to remove some of the negative connotation around
smart phones and consider the possibilities. There were 40 uses of smart phones that imply the
use of the applications in the smart phone that help the students in different usage that needed in
school purposes like making videos that can use to record experiment and presentations. All the
applications in smart phone are helpful with proper limits and rule.

A study of Lin et al (2014) Smart phone addiction could be considered a form of

technological addiction. It defined these as a non chemical behavioral addiction that involve
human machine interaction by Griffths (1996).In includes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders (DSM-) as a substance-related and addictive disorder (American
Psychiatric Association, 2013). According to Lin smartphone addiction has a several similar
aspects to DSM -5 substance -related disorders including the following four main factors :
compulsive behaviour, funcional imapairment, withdrawal and tolerance.

The abstract of the study shows that it aim to investigate the smartphone use,addiction
and the association with demographic and health behaviour of the young people.

It discuss the advantages of the smartphone and its disadvantages. Smartphone make it
more convenient to check any account that you own , having a map applications for drivers that
1.Total hours spent
helps 1.Survey The Academic
using them the right route, easy to carry
smatphone because it is a small mini computer that you can play
2.Interview
2.Academic
games, and etc. Some of the disadvantages of the smartphones are it can beperformance
addictive andofmost
all of
3.Analysis
performance
your time might HUMSS student
3.HUMSS strandconsume by using smartphone, expensive, it can be hack and you can be in
danger because of it.

According to the result of the study smartphone was more prevalent in younger
adolescents (15-16 years). Smartphone addiction occured in 256 (16.9%) of the 1,519 students.
Most of the applications that use are the social media were the students are mostly engaged.

In the conclusion of the study it provides the insight into smartphone use, addiction and
predictors of smartphone addiction..

Contextual Framework

Input Process Output

 A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It is
used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong conceptual frameworks capture
something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply.