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2. Gattermann Reaction
The Gattermann reaction, (also known as the Gattermann salicylaldehyde synthesis) is a chemical reaction in which
aromatic compounds are formylated by hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a Friedel–Crafts catalyst (e.g. AlCl3). It
is named for the German chemist Ludwig Gattermann and is similar to the Friedel-Crafts reaction.
3. Balz-Schiemann Reaction
The conversion of aryl amines to aryl uorides via diazotisation and subsequent thermal decomposition of the
derived tetra uoroborates or hexa uorophosphates. The decomposition may also be induced photochemically.
4. Finkelstein Reaction
Treatment of a primary alkyl halide or pseudohalide with an alkali metal halide (e.g. KF, KI) leads to replacement of
the halogen via an SN2 Reaction.
5. Swartz Reaction
Swarts reaction and Finkelstein reactions are halogen exchange reactions that are associated with alkyl halides.
The Wurtz reaction, named after Charles-Adolphe Wurtz, is a coupling reaction in organic chemistry, organometallic
chemistry and recently inorganic main group polymers, whereby two alkyl halides are reacted with sodium to form a
new alkane:
7. Fitting Reaction
In Fittig reaction, two aryl halides are coupled in presence of sodium metal in dry ether or tetrahydrofuran to
furnish biaryls.
The Wurtz–Fittig reaction is the chemical reaction of aryl halides with alkyl halides and sodium metal in the presence
of dry ether to give substituted aromatic compounds.
9. Kolbe’s Reaction
The reaction is catalysed by palladium on barium sulfate, which is sometimes called the Rosenmund catalyst.
Barium sulfate has a low surface area which reduces the activity of the palladium, preventing over-reduction.
However, for certain reactive acyl chlorides the activity must be reduced further, by the addition of a poison.
The Gattermann–Koch reaction, named after the German chemists Ludwig Gattermann and Julius Arnold
Koch, refers to a Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction in which carbon monoxide, hydrochloric acid, and a Friedel–Crafts
catalyst (e.g. AlCl3) are used to produce aromatic aldehydes from various aromatic compounds, including derivatives
of benzene and naphthalene:
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