1 ANGELA METCALF

ART for the Pre-Primary & Primary Child

4/18/2016

LESSON: The Dirt on Painting

ARTIST: Jan Lang
ELEMENT: Texture
MEDIA: Paint
GRADE: 4
EXAMPLE OF LESSON

Central Focus of Lesson: Pigments and textures in paint come from the Earth, which is part of
the technique of artist Jan Lang.

Time Needed for Lesson: 4 – 55 minute Sessions

ARTIST TIED INTO LESSON:

JAN LANG
After working 14 years as a Technician in the NRCS Charles E. Kellogg Soil Survey
Laboratory in Lincoln, Nebraska, Janis Lang began to think of soil in a whole new way. In the
laboratory she had always noticed the many beautiful colors of the soils that she analyzed
from all over the country and the world. Lang had an idea, -- why not use soil to paint scenes
from the Lewis and Clark expedition? What better way to celebrate the expedition’s recording
of our country’s natural resources, especially our landscapes and soils.
Soil samples are put through a very fine sieve and mixed with a clear acrylic to create
“soil paints.” Using these, she painted scenes from the Lewis and Clark Trail on watercolor
paper. She says, “The trick with painting landscapes is that it is hard to get the color right.
When I paint with soil, the color comes from nature and it is exactly right.”
Lang took her inspiration from photographs she had seen and from descriptions of soils
and landscapes that NRCS soil scientists had discovered in the Lewis and Clark journals. Lewis
and Clark had specific instructions from President Jefferson to report on factors of the land
that would show its potential for agricultural uses. The President wanted the explorers to
describe “–the soil & face of the country, its growth and vegetable productions, especially
those not of the U.S.”
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SCIENCE TIED INTO LESSON:

Without soil, we would have no food, no clothing, and no shelter. From gardens and
farms we get vegetables and the grains we use to make cereal and bread. Fruit grows on trees
and vines that grow in the soil. Trees also give us lumber. The wood can be used to make
paper, paints and other products.
The food we feed our animals comes from the soil, too. Cows eat grass, hay, silage and
grain to produce milk and meat. Plants grow in the soil. Besides food, animals also supply us
with leather and with by-products used in paints, camera film, pet food, rubber, crayons,
lotions, soaps, leather, medicines and much more.
Soils come in a wonderful range of hues, from black to yellow to deep red. Soils are
important for the beauty their many colors add to our landscapes. Most of us overlook this
natural beauty because we see it every day. For many years, soil colors have served as
pigments in bricks, pottery and art work. The color and texture of soil painting is a fascinating
and creative opportunity for students of all ages.

Excerpt from:
"Painting with Soil - Jan Lang." Natural Resources Conservation Service. USDA, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
<http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054282>.
"Soil Painting." Nebraska Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture. Nebraska Farm Bureau, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
<https://nefbfoundation.org/images/FOUndation/PDFs/Lesson_Plans/SoilPainting.pdf>

STUDENT LEARNER OBJECTIVES:

I can identify the layers of soil.

I can draw to demonstrate texture, neutral colors, foreground, middleground, and

background.

I can follow multiple steps to create a work of art with appropriate use of paint made from
soil.
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OHIO VISUAL ARTS STANDARDS:

Abbreviation Key:
PE: PERCEIVING/KNOWING - Observe, listen, attend to, discriminate
PR: PRODUCING/PERFORMING - Generate, create, realize, use & master skills
RE: RESPONDING/REFLECTING - Make connections, reconsider, question, self-assess

Fourth Grade.
Content Statements:
2PE Explore and describe how a selected art object was made.
4PR Create an artwork based on observation of familiar objects and scenes.
1PR Demonstrate beginning skill and craftsmanship in the use of art materials and tools.

CROSS-CURRICULAR OHIO STANDARD:

OHIO SCIENCE STANDARDS:

Abbreviation Key:
T-Topic
CS - Content Standards

Fourth Grade.
T: Earth’s Surface
CS: The surface of Earth changes due to erosion and deposition.

Water, wind and ice physically remove and carry (erosion) rock, soil and sediment and deposit the material in a new
location.

Erosion is a process that transports rock, soil or sediment to a different location. Weathering is the breakdown of large
rock into smaller pieces of rock. Erosion is what carries the weathered material to a new location. Gravity plays an
important role in understanding erosion, especially catastrophic events like mass wasting (e.g., mudslides, avalanches,
landslides) or flooding. Erosion is a “destructive” process and deposition is a “constructive” process. Erosion and
deposition directly contribute to landforms and features formation on Earth.

MOTIVATION AND RESOURCES: Picture Book, The Dirt on Painting PowerPoint Presentation

Read the book Jump into Science: Dirt, by Steve Tomesek and then ask students if they think all
soil a worm might travel through is the same color. Hypothesize with the students why soils
are different colors. (The minerals in the parent/rock material contribute the color; organic
matter in the topsoil makes the soil look darker.) Show soil profile images from The Dirt on
Painting PowerPoint Presentation and highlight erosion’s role in soil creation. Then have
students, place all bags on a table and compare the colors and textures of the soil. Wet a small
amount of soil and have students work it between their fingers. They should feel for grittiness
(sand), smoothness (silt) and slickness (clay). Have students look at the soil through a
magnifying glass.
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VOCABULARY:

Color – Color is the element of art that is produced when light, striking an object, is reflected
back to the eye.

Neutrals - created by combining even amounts of complements to create muddy earthy tones.
In clothing a neutral is grey and khaki. In paint it is more muddy shades of brown.

Texture - An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if
touched.

Binder - A paint ingredient that holds pigment particles to each other and to a surface.

Pigment – Pigment is the substance or powder that makes up the color of an art medium.

Medium – the substance the artist uses to create his or her artwork.

Foreground - the part of a scene or picture that is nearest to and in front of the viewer.

Middleground - is the middle of a painting or the area between the foreground and the
background. This is often where the main action takes place.

Background - the part of a scene or picture that is farthest from the viewer: the part of a scene
that is behind a main figure or object in a painting, photograph, etc.

Erosion – the gradual destruction of something by natural forces (such as water, wind, or ice).

Deposition- the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform
or land mass.

Organic Matter - consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells
and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms.

Parent Material - the disintegrated rock material usually unconsolidated and unchanged or
only slightly changed that underlies and generally gives rise to the true soil by the natural
process of soil development.

Top Soil - the upper layer of soil in which plants have most of their roots.
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BUDGET:

Cost of Supplies from https://utah.agclassroom.org/cart/Details.cfm?ProdID=458&category=0

2 @ 20.00 each, plus shipping, Soil Painting Kits Total: $55.11

Cost of Supplies from http://www.dickblick.com

2 @ $7.31 each, Canson XL Watercolor Pad - 11" x 15", 30 Sheets Total: $14.68
1 @ $11.90 each, Blickrylic Gel Medium - Quart Total: $11.90
1 @ $12.05 each, Blickrylic Gesso - Quart Total: $12.05
1 @ $13.34 each, Elmer's Washable School Glue - 128 oz Total: $13.34
2 @ $15.99 each, Royal Langnickel Value Pack - Rounds, Set of 24 Total: $31.18
2 @ $1.99 each Blick Masking Tape - White, 1/2" x 60 yds Total: $5.98
5 @ $1.99 each, 3M Commercial Cellulose Sponge - 6.0" x 4.2" x 1.6" Total: $9.95
1 @ $3.07 each, The Masters Artist's Hand Soap - Bar, 4.5 oz Total: $3.07
1 @ $20.07 each, Brush Cleaner and Preserver - Classroom Tub, 24 oz Total: $20.07
3 @ $1.79 each, Blick No. 2 Writing Pencils - Box of 12 Total: $5.37
1 @ $7.86 each, Blick White Moist Talc Firing Clay - 25 lb Box Total: $7.86
1 @ $8.74 each, Sculpture House Claystone Modeling Clay - 4 lb, Red Total: $8.74
1 @ $8.16 each, Sculpture House Claystone Modeling Clay - 4 lb, Gray Total: $8.16
1 @ $8.16 each, Regular Crayon Classpack of 832, with 64 Colors Total: $55.27
Cost of Supplies from http://www.amazon.com
1 @ $9.47 each, Greenco Marble Mortar and Pestle, 3.75", White/Gray Total: $9.47
3 @ $7.99 each, White Paper Water Cups, 3 oz., 100/PacK Total: $23.97
1 @ $8.72 each, ACTIVA Decor Sand, 28oz - Light Brown Total: $8.72
1 @ $8.72 each, Magnifying Glasses, Pack of 12) Size 4 1/4", Plastic Total: $5.25

TOTAL COST: $253.12

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SUPPLIES & TECHNOLOGY:

Dried Soil Samples Sand

Clay (Grey, White, and Red) 4 oz. Paper Cups
11" x 15" Watercolor paper Small Paintbrushes
Large paintbrush brushes Medium Paintbrushes
#2 Pencils Clear Gloss Medium, Elmer’s Glue, or Gesso
Sponges Erasers
Masking tape Hand Lenses
Mortar & Pestle Classroom Crayon Pack
The Dirt on Painting PowerPoint Laptop
Projector Screen
Paper Towels Water
Soap Drawing Boards
Tables Chairs
Copy of The Munsell Soil Color Book Landscape Photographs
Hand-out of How to Draw a Landscape Jump into Science: Dirt by Steve Tomecek
Pre-Tests Post- Tests
Rubrics Pencil Sharpener

Classroom Management and Safety Issues:

Watch for paint spills. Go over with students that if paint spills, the student must yell freeze
and the whole class must stop what they are doing.

Watch for students using supplies for anything other than the assignment.

Make sure a first aid kit is available.

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DAY 1
Introduce the focus of the lesson with the Reading of Jump into Science: Dirt & Art Project,
Demonstration how to make soil paint, Start production of soil paint

Preparation:

- Set-up The Dirt on Painting PowerPoint and have it ready to go

- Jump into Science: Dirt by Steve Tomecek is out
- Pre-test is copied and out for proctoring
- Soil, Clay, and Sand are out in cups
- Hand Lenses are out
- A little water in a cup is out
- #2 Pencils are out
- Project sample is out
- Landscape Photo Hand-outs are out
-Project Sample is out

Procedures:

1. Pass out Pre-tests and have students take them. When finished, students need to turn
them the test upside down and raise their hand for you to pick it up.

2. Ask students the Prior-Knowledge Questions about the story:

Does all dirt look the same? Why?
What is so important about soil?

3. Have students gather around the teachers chair to read Jump into Science: Dirt by
Steve Tomecek, which was introduced in The Dirt on Painting PowerPoint.
Have students point out the tiny seed on each page. At the end of the story ask
the story’s prior-knowledge questions again

4. Show soil profile images from The Dirt on Painting PowerPoint Presentation and
highlight erosion’s role and deposition in soil creation
5. Introduce the artist, Jan Lang, whose paintings of landscapes where created with soil
paint using The Dirt on Painting PowerPoint
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6. Hypothesize with the students why soils are different colors. (The minerals in the
parent/rock material contribute the color; organic matter in the topsoil makes the
soil look darker.)
7. Then have students line up at a table in the classroom, place all bags of soil on a table
and compare the colors and textures of the soil. Wet a small amount of soil and
have students work it between their fingers. They should feel for grittiness (sand),
smoothness (silt) and slickness (clay). Have students look at the soil through a
magnifying glass.
7. Show students the example of the art project they are going to make in the
PowerPoint and the real example.
7. Refer to each landscape in the Powerpoint and have the students raise their hands
to pick landscape they want to use as inspiration. Ask four students to pass out
photographs of landscapes, as you show each picture, to the students whose
hands are raised.
8. Have students put their name on their photograph.

9. Have students raise their hand to have their photographs collected

12. Review who Jan Lang was and the layers of soil

DAY 2
Review vocabulary and who Jan Lang is, Draw out landscape on Watercolor Paper, Color areas
of landscape with crayons

Preparation:

- Set-up The Dirt on Painting PowerPoint and have it ready to go

- 11”x15” Watercolor Paper is out for use
- #2 Pencils are out
- Project sample is out
- Landscape Photographs are out
- Steps to Draw a Landscape Hand-out are out for use
- Crayons in cups are out for use

Procedures:
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1. Review vocabulary and who Jan Lang is and her soil paintings

2. Have a student pass out 11x15” Watercolor paper, students’ landscape photographs,
How-to-Draw a Landscape Hand-outs, crayons in cups, and pencils to each
student

3. Discuss with students the process of drawing a landscape before the student draw
their own landscape on the good watercolor paper
i. Observe chosen landscape photo
ii. Start with foreground
iii. Then draw the middleground
iv. Finally, draw in the background
v. Color in areas of landscape with crayons like the sky purple and blue or
the grass green

4. Students now have production time create their landscape drawings and as students
finish the drawing part, remind students to color in different areas with the
crayons

5. Remind students as they finish their drawing and coloring to make sure they signed
their watercolor paper and then raise their hand, so a student may collect their
finished pieces

6. Have student helpers collect, clean, and put students’ landscape photographs,
How-to-Draw a Landscape Hand-outs, crayons in cups, and pencils to each
student.

7. Ask students the following review questions if time:

What are the layers of soil?
What is texture?
What are neutrals?

DAY 3
Finish drawing and coloring landscapes, Review Demonstration on how to draw a landscape,
Walk through making soil paint with students, Production Time to Paint Landscapes
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Preparation:
- Set-up The Dirt on Painting PowerPoint and have it ready to go
- 11”x15” Watercolor Paper is out for use
- #2 Pencils are out
- Project sample is out
- Landscape Photographs are out
- Steps to Draw a Landscape Hand-out are out for use
- Crayons in cups are out for use
- Soil, Clay, and Sand are out for each student
- Water cups are out for use
-Paintbrushes are out for use
-Paper Towels out for use
- Gesso, Elmer’s Glue, Acrylic Medium are out for making paint

Procedures:

1. Review vocabulary, Jan Lang, and how to draw a landscape

2. Walk through the process of mixing the soil into the gesso, glue, or acrylic medium to
create the soil paint and demonstrate applying to an example colored landscape
drawing

3. Have a student pass out blank 11”x15” Watercolor paper or landscape drawings,
Landscape pictures, How-to draw a Landscape hand-outs, pencils, crayons in
cups, paintbrushes, paper towels, water in cups, masking tape, and pencils to
each student

4. Then, have students take turns coming up to table to mix their own soil paint by
mixing varying amounts of soil into the gesso, acrylic medium, or glue to take
back to their seats

5. Now, it is time to apply the soil paint to their colored landscape drawings
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6. Remember to remind students to clean brushes in water cup and dry on paper towel
between soil paint colors

7. Help students who are behind to catch up to the painting during production time

8. Remind students at the end of class to make sure they signed their artwork and then
raise their hand, dismiss one row at a time to place work in drying rack

9. Have student helpers collect, clean, and put away Landscape pictures, How-to draw
a Landscape hand-outs, pencils, crayons in cups, paintbrushes, paper towels,
water in cups, masking tape, and pencils

10. Review Layers of Soil if time

Day 4
Finish Landscapes, Post-test, Closure

Preparation:
- Set-up The Dirt on Painting PowerPoint and have it ready to go
- 11”x15” Watercolor Paper is out for use
- #2 Pencils are out
- Project sample is out
- Landscape Photographs are out
- Steps to Draw a Landscape Hand-out are out for use
- Crayons in cups are out for use
- Soil, Clay, and Sand are out for each student
- Water cups are out for use
-Paintbrushes are out for use
-Paper Towels out for use
- Gesso, Elmer’s Glue, Acrylic Medium are out for making paint

Procedures:

1. Review landscape parts, erosion, soil layers, and texture

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2. Review the process of making soil paint by mixing varying amounts of soil into the
gesso, acrylic medium, or glue

3. Have a student pass out blank 11”x15” Watercolor paper or landscape drawings,
Landscape pictures, How-to draw a Landscape hand-outs, pencils, crayons in
cups, paintbrushes, paper towels, water in cups, masking tape, and pencils to
each student

4. Then, have students take turns coming up to table to mix their own soil paint to take
back to their seats

5. Now, it is time to apply the soil paint to their colored landscape drawings

6. Remember to remind students to clean brushes in water cup and dry on paper towel
between soil paint colors

7. Help students who are behind to catch up to the painting during production time

8. Remind students at the end of class to make sure they signed their artwork and then
raise their hand, dismiss one row at a time to place work in drying rack

11. When finished, have students take the post-test. When finished, students need to
turn them the test upside down and raise their hand for you to pick it up.

12. Ask students the following conclusion questions to review:

What is neutral color? texture?
How does erosion and deposition affect soil?
Who was the artist who made painting with soil paint?
What are the three parts of a landscape?
What are the layers of soil?
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Lesson Alternatives:

For students with focus issues, I will provide as step-by-step landscape drawings hand out, so
they have something to reference as they move through the drawing process. Repetition will
be provided by modeling the creation process a second time for those who may need it.
Enough extra time will be provided if a student is behind.

If a student finishes their work early, there will be a pictograph project they can work on
creating 2-D Cave Painting.

Materials needed:

- Coffee-stained brown paper bags - Sticks - Students' own hands

- Black tempera paint - Crushed chalk (white, burnt sienna)

Instructions:

1. Using the brown paper, crumple, and then smooth it out.

2. Paint the brown paper with a thick mixture of instant coffee and water, let dry overnight.

3. Place hand on brown paper, using crushed charcoal or chalk, sprinkle around hand. Run
slightly into paper around the hand. NOTE: To keep from smudging, lightly spray with a fixative
in an open outside area and allow it to thoroughly dry.

4. Using the resource handout, paint your rock art images using black paint and a stick.
Remember to cluster your images.

5. Now translate your rock art images into a written form.

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6. Mat the rock art.

Excerpt from: "Opi And Montana Fish Wildlife And Parks. "Pictograph Cave State
Park Indian Education For All Lesson Plan." Pictograph Cave State
Park IEA Lesson Plan (n.d.): n. pag. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.

Assessment:

A pre- and post-test will be proctored to the students over texture and neutral colors, and the
parts of a landscape, and drawing the correct answer. Students will describe what erosion is
with words. They demonstrate their knowledge through circling the correct layer of soil in an
image. After the lesson is over, look at post-tests and see if students improved by answering
more questions correctly.

Rubric:

Students will be graded on a 5 point scale.

Reflection:

If students did not do well on the assessment, maybe the vocabulary information should be
reviewed each day at beginning and end of class. Were all the students able to sketch out
their landscape within the time allotted? Do we need to add in more time to sketch? Did the
students control the paintbrush by keeping colors and texture of soil differentiated?

Adapted from:

"Opi And Montana Fish Wildlife And Parks. "Pictograph Cave State Park Indian Education For
All Lesson Plan." Pictograph Cave State Park IEA Lesson Plan (n.d.): n. pag. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.

"Painting with Soil - Jan Lang." Natural Resources Conservation Service. USDA, n.d. Web. 28
Mar. 2016. <http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054282>.

"Soil Paining." Nebraska Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture (n.d.): 1+. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.
<https://nefbfoundation.org/images/FOUndation/PDFs/Lesson_Plans/SoilPainting.pdf>.
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HISTORICAL ARTWORK by Jan Lang

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HISTORICAL ARTWORK by Jan Lang

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HISTORICAL ARTWORK by Jan Lang

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Name:___________________________ Class: _____________________ Date:____________

PRE-TEST
1. Draw a rough texture in the box.

2. Color the boxes with different neutral colors.

3. What is erosion?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. Circle the organic matter. 5. Circle the parent material.

Continued on Back >>>>

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Draw a landscape with a foreground, middle ground, &

background.
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Name:___________________________ Class: _____________________ Date:____________

POST-TEST
1. Draw a rough texture in the box.

2. Color the boxes with different neutral colors.

3. What is erosion?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. Circle the organic matter. 5. Circle the parent material.

Continued on Back >>>>

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Draw a landscape with a foreground, middle ground, &

background.
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The Dirt on Painting Rubric

5.EXCELLENT 4. GOOD 3. AVERAGE 2. BELOW 1. POOR 0.UNSATISFACTORY
AVERAGE
1.CONTENT:
Student has created a soil
painted landscape. Student
has met the requirements of Approach
creating a design using pencil. to Approach Approach None of the
The landscape has utilized Approach to assemblag Approach to to to directions were
different soil textures assemblage and e and assemblage assemblage assemblage followed.
overlaying crayon colors. The design is design is and design is and design and design
landscape includes an obvious excellent. above average. below is poor.
foreground, middleground, and average. average.
background.

2. CREATIVITY:
Soil painted landscape is
Students Students
well thought out and the Students Students Students Creativity was none
creativity creativity
student added their own creativity for for creativity for creativity apparent. Student
creative touch to make it assignment is for for took not time to think
assignmen assignment is
unique. excellent. assignment assignment or plan the project.
t is above average.
is below is poor.
average. average.
3. CRAFTSMANSHIP:
The landscape represents
one uniform piece. The
landscape is drawn,
An above A below
colored, and painted nicely A poor
An excellent average An average average No technique is
and it does not look rushed. example of
example of example example of example of shown.
The landscape takes up the technique
technique is of technique is technique
whole paper. Soil paint is shown.
shown. technique shown. is shown.
color and texture is shown.
variations are crisp.

Total Points: _____/15 =______% Letter Grade: __________

STUDENT NAME:_______________________________ CLASS:___________________________

COMMENTS: ___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
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How to Draw a Landscape

STEP 1.

The first thing you need to do when drawing a landscape is sketch out the base or ground of your
setting. Since we will be making a lake, foothill, and mountain, you will need to draw two thick lines that
are going upward. The bottom line is for the grass and lake front, and the second line is for the foothill.
Sketch in some trees or bushes like so, and then move to step two.

STEP 2.

Before you start with drawing the pine trees, you need to make the wavy foothill line like so. Once that
is done draw a variety of different shaped pine trees, or any other types of tree you like. Color in the
ones closest to the left like so, and then keep on moving along.

STEP 3.

For the last drawing step all you need to do is draw in the rocky style mountain that is laid out in the
horizon, and then add detailing to the mountain. Lastly, draw in some puffy clouds like so, and begin the
process of cleaning your drawing so you have something neat to color in.

- except from http://www.dragoart.com/tuts/10585/1/1/

how-to-draw-a-landscape-for-kids.htm