Recommendation practice 574

Hold point A point in the repair or alteration process beyond which work may not proceed until required
inspection has been performed and verified.
Piping engineer One or more person or organization acceptable to the owner/user
Piping General :
 Mostly rolled and welded, cast or drawn through dies and form tabular.
 Industry uses both seamless and electrical resistance welded (ERW) for process services.
 Piping of nominal size larger than 16 inch made by rolling plates to size and welding
seams
 Steel and alloy piping are manufactured to standard pipe size up to 48 inch.
 Pipe wall thickness are designated as pipe schedule in NPS up to 16 in.
 Piping all OD nearly constant
 Tube all ID all constant.
 Seamless pipe can vary nominal thickness by a manufacturing as much as 12.5%.
 Under tolerance for welded piping is 0.01 in.
 Cast piping has thickness tolerance 0f +1/16inch and -0
 Cast iron piping is generally used for non hazardous service such as water. (not
recommend for pressurized hydrocarbon service due to brittle nature.

FRP pipe Non metallic have some limited uses in piping system.
Typical services for FRP: water ,process water ,cooling medium, portable water ,sewage water
,non hazardous water.
SBP , secondary SBP can be used as primary process piping or as nipples, secondary piping and auxiliary piping.
piping and  Nipple are normally 6 inch or less in length
auxiliary piping.  Most used in vent piping at high point and drain piping at low point.
Pipe lining Used internally to reduce corrosion, erosion and product contamination and pipe metal
temperature.
 Divided into two : metallic and non metallic
 Installed: cladding , weld overlay and strip lining
Non metallic : used to resist corrosion and erosion or insulate to reduce temperature on the pipe
wall.
Tubing Same internal diameter but various in OD and Thickness.
ASTM B88
 Usually seamless but sometimes can be welded.
 Its stated sized is actually OD rather than NPS
Valves General
 Basic type : gate, globe, plug, diaphragm, butterfly, check and slide valves.
 Valve are made in standard pipe size
 Asme B16.34/API 599, API 600,API602,API603,API608,API609
 Valve body can be cast, forged, machined from bar stock or fabricated .
Gate valve
 Contain gate that interrupt flow
 Normally used on fully open or fully closed , called block valve
 Gate valve larger than 2 inch usually have port opening that is same size as the valve end
opening . called fully ported valve
 Reduced port valve have port opening that are smaller than end opening .Reduced port
valve are not used as block valve attached to PRD and not used in erosive application
such as slurry or line that to be pigged.