Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2 user’s manual
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Table of content
i
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
ii
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
PO OBJECTS ....................................................................................................................... 85
Adding a plate .................................................................................................................. 85
Reference systems ............................................................................................................ 86
Use of the Reference systems........................................................................................... 86
Plate edition ...................................................................................................................... 87
Adding an object .............................................................................................................. 88
Saving and recalling layouts ............................................................................................ 89
UTD TERRAIN PROFILE .................................................................................................. 90
Changing viewpoint in 3D picture ....................................................................................... 93
Transmitter panels .................................................................................................................... 94
Basic adjustments ................................................................................................................. 94
Thomson 381/389 ................................................................................................................. 94
Single frequency ............................................................................................................... 95
Dual frequency ................................................................................................................. 96
Workshop mode ............................................................................................................... 97
Park Air Systems NM 7000B ............................................................................................. 100
Thales Active glide path transmitter .................................................................................. 100
LAGON updates ..................................................................................................................... 101
Version 4.2 (27/06/12) ....................................................................................................... 101
Version 4.1 (23/04/12) ....................................................................................................... 102
Version 4.0 (15/01/12) ....................................................................................................... 102
Version 3.2 (10/02/11) ....................................................................................................... 102
Version 3.1 (01/09/10) ....................................................................................................... 102
Version 3.0 (18/08/10) ....................................................................................................... 102
Version 2.2 (17/10/08) ....................................................................................................... 103
Version 2.1 (15/09/08) ....................................................................................................... 103
Version 2.0 (01/08/08) ....................................................................................................... 103
iii
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
iv
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
General information
LAGON is a computer based training tool dedicated to Glide path radiation simulation, showing the
transmitter side of the Thomson 381/389 and Normarc 7000B equipments. For those not interested in
this specific transmitter design, a Basic adjustments transmitter provides adjustment available in all
kind of transmitters. For the Active Glide path from Thales a specific transmitter featuring the
adjustments for this kind of glide path is provided.
A large choice of image glide path systems from different manufacturers is shipped with the software.
LAGON was primarily designed for pedagogical needs, but it can also be considered as an efficient
aid for ILS transmission trouble shooting.
It can be used for initial training to acquire the basic principles of glide path systems for CSB and SBO
signals, near-field effects and electronic drifting on Glide path parameters.
It can also be used for training at an advanced level to visualise multipath effects on the glide path
alignment structure, on DDM in the required coverage area.
Multipath simulations are based on physical optics for rectangular plates and UTD signal scattering
from adverse terrains.
In all these cases, LAGON can be used either as an illustration tool during training courses for
professional instructors or to assist trainees during workshops.
Teachers for practical ILS training, and also for theoretical training courses.
Engineers or maintenance technicians as a technical aid for tracking down signal mismatching
or for their own in-service training.
Important Information
Warranty
Copyright
Liability
Warranty
The media on which you receive ENAC software is warranted not to fail to execute simulation
sequences described in this user manual, due to defects in materials and workmanship, for a period of
90 days from the date of purchase.
ENAC will replace software media that do not execute standard simulations during the warranty period
when the defective product is returned to ENAC by the owner.
The warranty does not cover any other damage arising out of LAGON use.
1
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Copyright
Under the copyright laws, this publication and software may not be reproduced or transmitted in any
form without the prior consent of ENAC.
Liability
As this software has been designed for educational purposes, ENAC could not be responsible for any
damage or problems related to other use of this product.
In case of simulation applied to real multipath research, the user should have a good theoretical
knowledge and practical experience of ILS in order to have a sufficient critical analysis of the software
results.
Software installation
Minimum System requirements
Installing LAGON
Installing LAGON
If you have a former release on your computer it is not necessary to uninstall it. The new release will
be installed in a separate directory.
If you choose to uninstall a former release after installation of the new release it may be possible that
some functionalities are not longer working as some dll’s and other ActiveX components may be
uninstalled. In that case you need to uninstall and reinstall the new release.
Double click on the downloaded installation file to unpack the installation files.
Double click on setup.exe in the LAGON directory and follow the indications of the installation
program.
2
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The second digit change means minor changes and/or bug corrections.
So going from LAGON 2.2 to 3.0 will require a new code but going from 2.2 to 2.6 will not.
After installation, start LAGON with WINDOWS administrator rights. The window shown below will
display.
3
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Copy and send the information in the white box to: lagon@enac.fr. ENAC will then send you back the
activation code shortly.
Once you got your activation code, start LAGON with WINDOWS administrator rights.
Enter the same name as those provided with the activation code.
4
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Here you can enter the directory where LAGON will save the user files. You can either enter a
pathname or select a directory by browsing you hard drives.
A click on VALIDATE will copy some default files to the user directory and start the program.
5
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Enter the name provided with the evaluation version activation code and click on ACTIVATE.
Note: For an evaluation version ENAC will send you an OWNER name composed like the following:
OWNER name, evaluation version valid until 20/12/08
You must enter the complete line in the license owner box.
6
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Here you can enter the directory where LAGON will save the user files. You can either enter a
pathname or select a directory by browsing you hard drives.
A click on VALIDATE will copy some default files to the user directory and display the following
window:
You have to click on START LAGON to start the software. This window will display each time you start
the software in evaluation mode. If you buy a regular version during the evaluation time you can
activate your regular version by clicking on ACTIVATE LAGON.
When the evaluation period is over the START LAGON is dimmed like shown below:
You cannot longer use LAGON, but you still can activate a regular version
7
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The main panel is the working area from which you can access to different parameter panels of the
glide path and select different measurement options.
Software information
DDM Filtering
GP Layout button
ADU/MCU button
GP Type selection
Scatterer button
Parameters box
Transmitter frame
Nominal/Workshop button
ICAO limits
Vertical scale and offset of the graph
Units
Defaults settings button
Cursors
Monitors button
Vectors button
Static receiver
Graph
Quick elevation angle selector
Elevation Orbit tab
Azimuth Orbit tab
8
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Approach tab
Hyperbolic Approach tab
Level Approach tab
Sideway Isolines tab
Foreward Isolines tab
3D graph tab
Reference point selection
START button
Plots
Software information
This button opens the Help panel which gives some information about the software and
the possibility to open the documentation.
GP Layout button
ADU/MCU button
GP type selection
9
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Scatterer button
Parameters box
From this box you can choose which parameter will be calculated and displayed
when the next calculation is started.
Transmitter frame
From the transmitter frame it is possible to switch On or Off the Course and the
Clearance transmitter.
THOMSON 381/389
Park Air Systems NM 7000B
Basic adjustment for those not interested in the simulation of a specific signal generator or if
your equipment is not available
If the Active Glide path from Thales is selected the associated transmitter is automatically selected. In
this case it is not possible to select another kind of transmitter.
A click on the Electronic button will open the selected electronic panel.
The teacher can prepare some maladjustment on the electronic, save them in a file and ask the
trainees to load the files in workshop mode in order to hide the maladjustments. The trainees have
10
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
then to adjust the transmitter using the methods described in the « Settings and maintenance »
manuals from the manufacturers or provided during training courses.
Workshop mode is only available with the Thomson 381/389 transmitter and for M Array distribution
units.
ICAO limits
ICAO limits can only be displayed on the Elevation orbits, Approaches and Hyperbolic
approaches.
With DDM Offset you can offset the vertical scale for DDM on the graph. This is especially interesting
in approach mode when you make an approach on the sector edge for example. In that case you have
to offset the vertical scale of 150µA to center vertically the curve on the graph.
Units
The distances and heights can be displayed in the Metric system (m) or in the
English system (feet (ft), nautical miles (Nm), knots (kts)).
For distances in the English system the unit will switch from Nm to feet if
distance is less than 0.5 Nm and from feet to Nm if distance is more than
3040 feet.
The field strength on the graphic and on the static receiver can be displayed
in dB or in %. The level of the plot with the maximum amplitude is taken as
reference level and adjusted to 0 dB or 100 %.
11
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Cursors
You can use the mouse to move a cursor. Click on it and by holding down the left mouse button drag it
to the desired position. When you release the mouse button the cursor will snap to the nearest data
point.
The X and Y values at the cursors position on the graph near the position of the cursors.
Once the cursor is attached to a plot, you can operate it using the keyboard as shown below.
12
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
It is possible to change the position of the cursor readings with regard to the cursor.
Click on the readings, keep mouse button down, move the readings to the desired position and
release mouse button.
The cursors and their readings are copied together with the graph to the Clipboard when the Copy
button is pressed.
The display below the Cursors button displays the difference of the Y axis readings between the 2
cursors. As shown in the example below, it may sometimes be interesting to check quickly the
difference between the 2 cursors readings.
13
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Monitors button
Vectors button
14
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The vector graph gives a graphical representation of the amplitudes and phases of the radiated
signals.
It is possible displaying the vectors for the radiated signal from each antenna and image antenna or
for the resulting lobbing factors.
The phase reference is given by the distance between antenna 1 (lower) and the position of the
receiver.
Two graphs are available, one for the CSB signals and the other for the SBO or CLR signals. A toggle
button at the upper right corner allows to chose between SBO and CLR.
It is possible to zoom in and out on each graph with the Zoom value.
The position of the point where the vectors are drawn is selected by Distance, Azimuth and Elevation
or Height in the static receiver frame.
NOTE: Settings in the transmitter panel are for the time being only taken into account on the vector
graphs for the Active GP.
15
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
This graph shows the rays used in the UTD computation. It is possible to select or unselect the rays.
Unselected rays will not be displayed and not be used in the computations.
It is also possible to unselect antennas but this will only hide the rays. Computation is always carried
out with all antennas.
The inputs in the RECEIVER box define the position used to compute the rays that are displayed.
The more plates are used to define a profile the more rays need to be taken into account and more the
computation speed is slowing down.
An approach with the above displayed profile results in the following plot:
16
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
If one unselects the Diffracted-Reflected rays (green) it gets the following result:
If you get such a strange result in a simulation it means either that not enough ray types are selected
or that the profile is too complicated (too munch plates) with regards to the number of ray types
currently available. In the latest case the profile needs to be simplified.
Static receiver
The static receiver allows measuring Field strength, DDM and SDM at a point
defined by Distance, Azimuth and Elevation or Height.
The input will be on Elevation if the receiver geographical reference point is set
to Runway or Mast/Horizontal.
The input will be on Height if the receiver geographical reference point is set to
Mast/Gnd.
These inputs are also used to select the point where the vectors are drawn
when the vector graphics are open or to set the position of the receiver when
the Ray Tracing graph is open.
17
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
When one clicks on one of the inputs of the static receiver or on near field
position inputs on the monitors panel, the digit which will be incremented or
decremented is highlighted (Black background).
Graph
The graph displays plots of data points calculated at several receiver positions defined as a trajectory,
or a surface grid (to generate isoline plots and 3D plots).
For the trajectories modes the Y axis depends on the selected ILS parameter to be displayed as well
as the setting of the scale.
18
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
If plots are displayed and if Cursors is OFF, it is possible to select one of the plots with the mouse. In
that case the selected plot becomes bold and its color is displayed in the square at the top left corner
of the graph. A click in the square allows you then to change the color of the plot.
In the example below you may note that the green plot disappears at 4750m. One wants to know if it is
hidden behind the red or the black plot.
Select the red plot with the mouse and then right click on the plot you have selected.
19
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
A small panel is displayed that allows you to change the Z plane order of this plot. Select Move to
BACK in order to put all other plots in front of it.
Now you see that the green plot was behind the red one.
On the bottom of the APPROACH plot the DDM mean value between Points A and B, the GP angle
and the Reference Datum Heights are displayed.
The GP angle and the RDH are calculated from an extended regression line of the measurements
between A and B.
20
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The Achieved GP angle and the Achieved RDH are calculated from an extended regression line of the
measurements between 1000' and 6000' from threshold.
If Field strength is selected, the R/A button is displayed at the top left corner of the graph and allows
you to display the field strength in Relative or Absolute mode.
In relative mode the level of the plot with the maximum amplitude is taken as reference level and
adjusted to 0 dB or 100 %.
21
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The Field scale control allows you to select the vertical maximum and minimum values of the plots that
will be displayed.
In absolute mode the maximum and minimum of the vertical scale is automatically adjusted to the level
of the maximum and minimum of the plots in graph.
22
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
You can use zooming—the ability to expand or contract the viewport around a particular area in graph.
You can also use panning, the ability to shift the viewport.
You can define a rectangular zone that will become the new limits of the graph. To select these
bounds, press <Ctrl> and click and hold the left mouse button to define the first corner of the box. Drag
the mouse to define the opposite corner of the rectangle. When you are satisfied with the new
boundaries of the graph, release the mouse button.
To zoom out, press <Ctrl> and click and hold the right mouse button.
To pan, press the <Ctrl-Shift> keys and click the left mouse button over a point on the viewport. Then
drag the mouse to another point. The graph viewport scrolls so that the original point now appears
under the new mouse cursor location. You can drag the mouse anywhere on the screen, even beyond
the viewport.
You also can undo up to 25 of the most recent pans or zooms by pressing <Ctrl-Space> to reverse
each successive change.
This selector becomes available each time the user selects an elevation
angle input.
For example if the stop angle of the elevation orbit is selected the angle
selector is activated and the frame of the input related to the angle selector
becomes blue. The button “2” turns green because the stop angle is 6°,
which is 2 times the GP angle.
23
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
It is now possible to enter a new stop angle with the keyboard or with a left click on one of the buttons
of the angle selector.
If you enter a value with the keyboard which doesn’t fit with one from the angle selector, all buttons are
blue
This tab displays all the parameters needed to define the trajectory of an Elevation Orbit centered on
the chosen reference point (Runway or Mast foot).
24
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The first three inputs define the elevation limits of the circle as well as the steps between the data
points.
Distance and Azimuth inputs define at which distance and in which azimuth the elevation orbit is
carried out.
This tab displays all the parameters needed to define the trajectory of an Azimuth Orbit centered on
the chosen reference point (Runway or Mast foot).
25
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Azimuths
The first three inputs define the azimuth limits of the circle as well as the steps between the data
points.
If you change Start Azimuth, Stop Azimuth is automatically adjusted symmetrically. If you want to do
an unsymmetrical orbit you can change the Stop Azimuth without any effect on the Start Azimuth.
If the reference point is set to Runway or to Mast/Horizontal, the input will be the elevation and the
corresponding height is calculated and displayed. The height is in that case given with regard to
horizontal plane crossing either the threshold or the mast foot.
26
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Approach tab
This tab displays all the parameters needed to define the trajectory of an Approach at a given
elevation angle centered on the chosen reference point (Runway or Mast foot).
27
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Distances
The first three inputs define the Distance limits of the approach as well as the steps between the data
points. Start distance must always be greater than Stop distance.
Reference deviation
This tab displays all the parameters needed to define the trajectory of a Hyperbolic Approach at a
given elevation angle centered on the Runway reference point. In this mode the reference point is
automatically switched to Runway as for the mast foot reference the glide path dos not define a
hyperbolic approach path.
28
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
In hyperbolic approach mode the receiver follows the theoretical hyperbolic path defined by the glide
path due to the lateral shift of the antenna mast with regard to the center line.
Distances
The first three inputs define the Distance limits of the approach path as well as the steps between the
data points. Start distance must always be greater than Stop distance.
This tab displays all the parameters needed to define the trajectory of a Level Approach at a given
height centered on the chosen reference point (Runway or Mast foot).
29
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Distances
The first three inputs define the Distance limits of the approach path as well as the steps between the
data points. Start distance must always be greater than Stop distance.
Height
If reference point is Runway or Mats/Horizontal the height is referenced with regard to the horizontal
plane crossing either the threshold or the mast foot.
Azimuth
Azimuth is the azimuth direction of the approach. Azimuth angle are positive in trigonometric direction.
On level approach the graph features a second X scale in order to display the elevation angles
corresponding to the distances defined for the run. The elevation scale is related to the height of the
level run and is automatically adjusted accordingly.
30
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
If there are several plots on the graph made at different heights the elevation scale is dimmed because
it is not relevant to all the plots.
To get the right elevation scale displayed you need to select a plot.
31
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
This tab displays all the parameters needed to define the surface grid at a given distance centered on
the chosen reference point (Runway or Mast foot).
32
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
In this mode the software will calculate the DDM in the area defined by azimuth and elevation limits
and display contour line plots for some given DDM values. A contour line is a line that shows the
locations of a given DDM value in the above defined area.
The picture below shows for which DDM values the contour lines are calculated.
The elevation angle at azimuth -8°, 0° and +8° where the DDM values are geographically located are
also calculated and displayed.
It is possible to display on the graph up to 5 sets or computations of contour lines. The PLOT
SELECTOR allows you to highlight one of the set of contour lines and display the related elevation
33
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
angles. If you hit the Del key or if you click on the Delete button, the selected set of isolines will be
deleted. If no plot is selected the same action will delete all plots.
Elevation scan
The elevation scan will start at 0° and stop at 6°. These limits can not be change and are displayed on
the Y axis of the graph.
Azimuth scan
The first three inputs on the SDW ISO tab define the azimuth limits of the azimuth scan as well as the
steps between the data points.
Distance
This tab displays all the parameters needed to define the surface grid for calculating the forward
contour lines.
34
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
In this mode the LAGON will calculate the DDM in the area defined by distance and height limits and
display contour line plots for some given DDM values. A contour line is a line that shows the locations
of a given DDM value in the above defined area. The forward contour lines are calculated for the
following DDM values:
-150µA, 0µA and +150µA.
The picture below shows an example of forward contour line calculated with ref point set at mast foot.
35
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Distance limits
The first column allows setting the start and the stop distance of the area to be scanned as well as the
distance computation steps
Height limits
The second column allows setting the start and the stop heights of the area to be scanned as well as
the height computation steps
3D graph tab
This tab displays all the parameters needed to define the surface grid for calculating the 3D graph.
The grid defines the positions of the measurement points.
36
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
In Rectangular mode the grid defines a XY plane and the amplitude of the calculated parameter is
displayed in the Z axis.
In Polar mode the grid defines rays and the calculated parameter defines the length of the ray. The
end of the rays will be connected together to shape a 3D volume.
Connecting the end of all rays together will shape a volume as shown above
37
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Plot handling
Angular Zoom
The angular zoom will amplify the elevation angles to provide a better view.
You can come back at any time to the default view point with Default view setting button.
38
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
o Mast / Horizontal
The reference point is the mast foot and the elevation points are given with regard to a
horizontal plane crossing the mast foot.
o Mast / Ground
The reference point is the mast foot and the heights are given with regard of the ground.
START button
A click on the START button will start a calculation of the parameter selected in the Parameter box for
several position of the receiver following a specified trajectory or specific points in a grid. Parameters
of the trajectory or the grid are defined on the tabbed pages.
Once the calculations are completed the results are displayed on the Graph.
39
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Plots
Delete
Print
Copy
Export
Delete
If not plot is selected, a click on Delete will remove all plots from the graph.
If you hit the DEL key on the keyboard you will get the same behavior as a click on the Delete button.
Here you can add a title and a comment that will be printed along with the current plots on the graph.
The default text for the title is the selected measurement mode but you can remove it and enter the
title you want.
The default orientation for the print is Landscape. It is possible to select Portrait.
If you have a color printer you can chose to print in Black & White or Color.
You can remove this panel without printing with the CLOSE button.
40
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Copy
A click on this button will copy the graph with all the plots to the Clipboard. You can then past the
graph in an other software like Word to generate some reports.
Export
With this button you can export in a text file all computed parameters. They can be selectively recalled
and displayed using the new IMPORT function.
It is not possible to export sideway contour plots, forward contour plots and 3D graphs
Import
It is possible to import data from different sources in order to make comparisons between
measurements easier.
41
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
With File Type you can select if you want to import a file previously exported from LAGON or a file
coming from another source (for example from a measurement).
With Measure Mode you select the directory where the file you want to import is located.
Files created with the EXPORT function are automatically stored in the following directories:
Files from flight or ground measurements have to be placed in the Custom files directory before
importation.
Once File Type and Measure Mode have been set to the type of data you want to import, the files
available in the selected directory are displayed in the File List box.
When importing native data files selected from this box the Import parameters Selector is
automatically sized to the number of columns of data in the file.
With the buttons Off/Selected you can select the columns you want to import.
Default selection depends on the selection made on the main panel.
It is possible to take a look at the raw data in the files with the View file button.
42
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
When Custom files is selected you need to specify how the data in the file are formatted.
Before importing a file you need to add the following tags:
[DATA START] and [DATA STOP]
Example:
Enter the number of columns in the file. It is not compulsory to enter the complete number of columns.
If your file has for example 20 columns but the last parameter you are interested in is in column 8 you
only need to declare 9 columns.
Each column displays now a selection list. The content of the list depends on the type of station you
have selected from where the data are coming from.
43
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
If the file you are going to import has no specific data for the course and the clearance signal you can
select Data from SINGLE Freq. Station even if the data are coming from a Dual frequency station.
With the columns separator input you can specify if the columns are separated by white spaces or
tabulations or by a coma.
If the file to import does not contain X data (azimuth angle for an Orbit or distances for an Approach),
you must specify X data by setting the position of the first and the last data point in the file.
This may happen for input files with only time stamps.
If an X data column is selected the X Data settings box is dimmed.
If Approach is selected you must specify the distance unit and the
reference system used for the X data in the file.
This box permits to select the units used in the file to be imported for different data types.
It allows also selecting the sign convention used for the DDM.
In this case the strings must be replaced by a numerical value (0.0) before importation. To remove
invalid strings this feature must be selected.
44
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
45
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
46
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
This panel gives mainly access to the antenna feeding parameters as well as to monitor recombining
parameters. Some transmitter parameters can also be accessed in order facilitate some adjustments.
Antenna feedings
Antenna feedings can be changed trough the feeding table or with the adjustments available on the
bloc diagram of the antenna distribution unit.
Feeding table
Antenna feedings are displayed in relative values because these values shape the resulting radiation
patterns. For each signal (CSB, SBO or CLR) the antenna with the biggest amplitude is taken as a
reference and the value is set to 100%. The phase of the reference antenna is set to 0°.
The values in the feeding table can also be seen as the amplitude ratios at the antennas with regard to
the most fed antenna.
47
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The Extra Signals have all the same amplitude of 50% with regard to the NR signals and a phase of
180°
In some cases it is possible to optimize the antenna feedings in order to improve the radiated signals
by reducing the reflections from some directions.
The optimization is carried out by changing the values of the Extra Signals. In order to facilitate the
setting of optimized values the Extra Signals can be set separately.
The amplitude ratio with regard to the NR signals is called Ratio or RT (RaTio).
In order to keep the same DDM variations as for a non-optimized M array all Extra Signals should
have the same Ratio. But in some special cases it may be interesting to set separately the ratio for
CSB and for SBO. It is therefore possible to set separately the CSB ratio called RTC and the SBO
ratio called RTS.
If the phase of an Extra Signal is changed in the feeding table the PHX input is dimmed.
48
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
If you set separately each Extra phase in the feeding table to the same value, the PHX input will
display this new common Extra phase and the control will be undimmed.
It is also possible to select the dimmed PHX control and enter a new PHX. In that case the PHX
control will be undimmed.
Bloc diagram
The Bloc Diag button will display the bloc diagram of the antenna distribution unit.
On the bloc diagram you will find all the adjustments available on the real ADU. Adjustable power
dividers and phase shifters.
You can operate these controls by sliding the cursor with the mouse, changing the value with the up
and down arrows at the left side of the numeric control or by entering a value with the keyboard.
49
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The changes made in the bloc diagram will be added to the values in the feeding table.
If the amplitude ratio of a power splitter is set to 1 it means that the values set
in the feeding table are used unchanged in the calculations. If you set for
example the value to 0.8 it means that the value related to the lower output (L
Out) of the power splitter is multiply by a factor 0.8 and the value related to
the upper output (U Out) is multiply by a factor 1.2.
If the power splitter is set to 1, A1 and A2 radiate the levels set in the feeding table as shown below.
If the power splitter is set to 0.8, the level of the antenna connected to the lower output will be
decreased by a factor of 0.8 which leads to 80%, and the level of the antenna connected to the upper
output will be increased by a factor of 1.2 which leads to 60%.
The red color indicates that at least one adjustment on the block diagram has been changed from its
nominal value.
50
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
If you click on Total supply the feeding table will display the complete antenna feedings that will be
used in the calculations taking into account both the values from the original feeding table as well as
the adjustments made on the block diagram.
It is not possible to modify the values in the feeding table as long as the Total supply is displayed.
The yellow boxes can be used to disconnect a signal or to add a line with a given phase shift (length).
Transmitter parameters
The most useful parameters of the transmitter are available and adjustable directly from
the ADU/MCU panel.
Adjusting these parameters from this panel will have the same effect as adjusting them
from the transmitter panel.
The displayed SBO level is a percentage from the CSB level in antenna 1 (lower
antenna). It is automatically adjusted when you click on the orange VALIDATE button
as described in GP Layout panel chapter.
LAGON uses the transmitter parameters from the ADU/MCU panel to initialize the
transmitter. It is therefore possible to adapt power levels or clearance DDM for each
GP type in order to fit with different manufacturer recommendations.
The clearance output power is usually adjusted by measuring the ratio between
Clearance and Course in antenna A1. This ratio is displayed as shown.
Depending on the design of the Antenna distribution unit and manufacturing tolerances
it may be possible that the relation between the power readings and the Clear/Crs
reading may not fit with the measurements on a real Glide path.
It is therefore possible to calibrate the above mentioned relationship. When you left
click on the display Clear/Crs Ratio by holding down the <Shift> key, the display
becomes an input marked by the display of the up and down arrows.
Click again on the input by holding down the <Shift> key to go back to normal operation and save the
panel under the same name in order to save the change for later use.
51
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Monitor combining
A click on the big MCU button at the right will hide the feeding table or block diagram and display the
monitor combining unit.
The MCU combines the signals from the probes in each antenna in order to recreate signals as a far
field receiver would catch-up on the Course Line (CL) the Width, and in the lower coverage area
(CLR). At the bottom the DDM at each output is displayed.
On the left side inputs to simulate probe errors are available. It is therefore possible to simulate a
change in the coupling both in amplitude and in phase.
The attenuators on the MCU are automatically adjusted according to the elevation angle that has been
set to simulate and the forward slope adjusted in the GP layout panel.
The simulated elevation can be set either in degrees or as a function of d. In the first case any angle
without any restriction can be set. In the setting as a function of d the user can select among the
most common values.
52
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Because the DDM is not strictly linear in the complete alignment sector, setting the width elevation
angle simulation to 0.76d will lead to a DDM smaller than 150µA. If you want to read exactly 150µA
you need to set the angle to 0.755d.
These 2 values are corresponding to those described in the ICAO Annex 10 for the minimum lower
coverage area minima DDMs.
If the user sets the attenuators manually, the elevation angle inputs turn
grey indicating that the attenuator are not any longer set to the theoretical
values as calculate from the elevation angle settings.
If you change the elevation angle the control turns again black and white and the attenuators are set
accordingly.
FSL buttons
If you change the forward slope on the GP Layout panel without adjusting the antenna heights
with the Set ant. Position button, the VALIDATE button remains grey. This means that the
ADU/MCU will not be updated when you leave the GP Layout panel.
Nevertheless, in order to remind you that something has change, the MCU panel displays FSL
buttons with text in red.
Text is in italics means that the user wants this attenuator value calculated with regard to the
FSL but that the data has not been updated to the actual FSL.
If the text is stroke-out means that the user wants to keep the attenuator value as without FSL
even if the terrain has FSL.
A click on the FSL button will display the correct value and change the color
of the text to green.
If you change the forward slope on the GP Layout panel and click on the Set ant. Position
button to adjust the heights, the VALIDATE button turns orange. This means that the
ADU/MCU will be updated when you leave the GP Layout panel .
This time, when displaying the MCU panel, the attenuators who had the FSL text in italics are
updated and display the FSL text in green.
53
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
If you save the panel in the configuration as shown above you will get the following behavior:
If there is no FSL the FSL buttons are hidden
If you change FSL in the GP Layout panel without updating antenna positions, the
FSL buttons will display as seen at point 1
If you change FSL in the GP Layout panel and update the antenna positions, the
FSL buttons will display as shown just above
Antenna feedings
For the Active GP this panel shows the connections from the outputs of the transmitter to the antennas
through the simplified antenna distribution unit.
The adjustments on the transmitter are also available. For more details see Thales Active glide path
transmitter
Each of the 4 outputs can be connected to one of the 4 inputs or to a dummy load.
54
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Each output of the ADU features a connector that allows to connect the output to a dummy load or to
insert a cable length.
Using the connectors described above it is for example possible to simulate the RF Clearance Phasing
as described in the manufacturer's manual.
The measurements can be made with the static receiver from the main panel set at the appropriate
position.
Monitor combining
55
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
A click on the MCU button at the right hides the ADU and displays the MCU block diagram.
For the CRS Position and CRS Width the phase and amplitude adjustments are setup in a similar way
as in the SOAC from Thales. The attenuators display the theoretical ratio they should provide at the
output of each monitor channel.
The CLR combining is setup in a similar way as the optional CLR detector from Thales. The
attenuators display this time the theoretical ratio in dB.
If the terrain FSL is different to 0, FSL button are displayed below the attenuators. The behavior of this
buttons is described in the FSL buttons section.
The ADU/MCU panel has been developed with a given screen resolution. Given the large number of
screen resolutions in use today it may happen that one experiences an overlap of the controls in the
MCU panel as shown below.
56
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
In that case you can change the size of the text font in the Default settings available on the main panel
or/and resize the panel with the mouse until you are satisfied with the arrangement of the controls.
In order to keep the new panel size when you restart LAGON you just have to save the panel under
Init.agp which is the initialization file.
Antenna errors
Below the drawings of the antennas there are 2 fields that allow you to simulate some
antenna or feeding cable errors. It is possible to add for each antenna an attenuation
and a phase shift.
Antenna readings
The ADU/MCU panel displays the DDM values that one can measure with an ILS receiver at out
coupled signals from A1 and A2. These values may be used for first alignment adjustments as well as
reference parameters for yearly maintenance or troubleshooting.
57
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
File handling
The currently loaded file is displayed at the bottom of this window.
Each GP type has its initialization file which is loaded when selected. A new GP type selection on the
main panel will also initialize the connected transmitter as the transmitter initialization parameters are
also saved in the ADU file. It is thus possible to match the parameters of the transmitter to those
defined by the manufacturer of each glide path.
If the complete path name of the file is too long to be displayed completely, it is possible to display it
just by clicking and holding down the left mouse button over the file name box.
If the File name is light grey it means that at least one parameter has been change from the initial
settings stored in the file.
Save and Load buttons allow to save or load special ADU/MCU settings.
A click on CANCEL brings all parameters back to the values when the window was opened
58
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
A graphical 3D representation displays some of the parameters adjusted in this panel and provides
thus a better understanding of the effect of those parameters.
The 3D graph shows also the coordinates reference set at the threshold.
59
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
It is possible to compute the primary reflection parameters from terrain survey data using the
Topography panel
60
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The horizontal plane crossing the threshold and 2 benchmarks may help to better understand the
drawing. They can also been hidden with the ON/OFF buttons.
If you want to use the real mast foot height as measured, click on
Actual Mast foot height. It becomes now possible to enter the value
you want. This value will be used in all further computations. The
theoretical value remains displayed above.
A horizontal reflection plane with a height of 0 m at threshold leads to the following reference point:
X = Forward mast distance
Y = 0 (runway center line)
Z = 0 (runway threshold height)
61
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
When the terrain has a forward slope (FSL), the antenna heights are calculated in order to provide the
correct glide path angle with regard to a horizontal plane crossing at mast foot.
The FSL leads to a vertical shift of the horizontal plane at mast foot with regard to the one at threshold.
If the trajectory z reference is not moved, the aircraft will fly a parallel approach path with regard to the
radiated one and lead to a misinterpretation of the measurements.
It is therefore necessary to set the reference point of the approach trajectory to the correct height.
62
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
If the terrain has only a forward slope the correct reference height is the height of the foot of the mast.
In case of a sideway slope the height of the foot of the mast will change but the radiated approach
path will follow the same line as without SSL.
The following picture gives an example of the radiated DDM=0 point across the GP mast in case of a
terrain with SSL.
63
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The trajectory reference point height is therefore not always just the height of the foot of the mast.
LAGON calculates and displays the theoretical trajectory Z
reference with regard of the terrain parameters.
The theoretical value remains displayed above but is not used for calculations.
This feature can be use to simulate to some extent the effects of growing grass, layer of snow (in
some conditions), changes in an underground water layer, etc.
64
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Antenna Type
A list of antenna types is available.
Both actions (click on Edit antenna or selecting NEW) will display the antenna edition panel:
If NEW is selected the default settings in this panel are related to the isotropic antenna. You obtain the
same result by clicking the NEW button in this panel.
The table shows the amplitude and phase for different azimuth angles and the drawing displays the
polar plot of the radiation diagram.
Default setting for azimuth increment is 10°. It is possible to add or delete azimuth points with the
Insert and Remove buttons.
65
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Click on azimuth 20°, the point is highlighted and Click on the Insert button to add a new point
the Insert and Remove buttons are activated between 20 and 30°. The 25° point is created
with amplitude 0
Change the azimuth from 25° to 28° Enter the amplitude for this point
It is also possible to delete or change the value of an azimuth point. If you have only points every 15°
you can change the 10° to 15° and delete the 20° point.
Once the complete pattern is described it can be saved with the Save button. This will not only save
the pattern but also add it to the antenna selection list.
66
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Antenna settings
The antenna heights are set with regard to the foot of the mast.
Sideway offset (SDW Offset) is used to compensate for near field effects on runway center line.
Forward offset (FWD Offset) is used to compensate phase misalignment induces by the forward slope
(FSL).
It is also possible to turn the antennas in azimuth. This feature is usually used to move the null
direction of the azimuth radiation pattern away from the threshold in order to get more field strength
during the final approach path.
The button Set ant. Position can be used to calculate the theoretical antenna
settings with regard to the terrain features.
Topography panel
The purpose of this panel is to compute the FSL, SSL and reflection plane height at threshold of the
average plane from a site survey recorded terrain data. These parameters can then be used as inputs
on the GP Layout panel.
67
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Terrain Editor
To edit terrain data open the terrain data editor with the button Terrain Editor
The terrain data points are entered with the threshold as reference point and with the following axis
orientation.
68
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
It may happen that the real measurements are not made exactly at the foreseen position in the grid.
There are 2 possibilities to handle these situations.
It is possible to shift a complete row or column by changing the values in the X and Y tables.
It is possible to enter a different value of X and Y with a right click with the mouse on the cell
one wants to modify.
The right mouse click on a cell opens a context menu where you can choose Change XY
values.
A panel with the original X and Y data displays. It is now possible to change these values for
the selected point which is highlighted with a yellow background.
69
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
When the X and/or Y values of a point are not those displayed in the X and Y tables, the
background of the point remains yellow.
If you move the mouse cursor above a cell with a yellow background the X and Y values are
displayed.
NOTE: If you change a value in the X or Y table all special values entered for each cell are
removed and replace by those in the X and Y tables.
It is possible to save the terrain survey data in a file for later use with the Save button.
One can recall terrain data previously saved with the Load button.
After closing the Terrain editor the terrain is displayed in the 3D View tab.
To compute the average reflection plane one must first select the points taken into account for the
computation.
Two different selections are possible. This may allow to make a decision on which points should or
should not be used for the computation.
70
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Click on Pts Select 1. All points from the site survey are now displayed in 2D seen from above.
One may note that in the example above some points have been moved from the original position on
the grid.
It is now possible to select all points with the Select All button or just some of them with the Select
Group and Select Points functions.
The selected points are now displayed as a red cross and the parameters of the average reflection
plane are displayed in the Select 1 column from The Average Plane frame.
The 3D View provides now a visual overview of the average reflection plane.
71
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Switching View ref Plane ON adds some visual references to the drawing. The red line above the
orange triangle visualizes the horizontal at threshold. The orange triangle shows the height differences
between the horizontal and the average reflection plane.
Select the Pts Select 2 tab in order to keep the previous selection and activate Select Group function.
Click the left mouse button to set the first point of the selection polygon.
Move the mouse to the second position and click with the left button to set a second point.
72
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Continue to select points until all points you want to select are included in the selection polygon.
A double click with the left mouse button sets the last point of the selection polygon and all points
inside are selected.
The parameters of the average reflection plane using the selected points are now computed and
displayed in the column Select 2 in the Average Plane frame.
It is also possible to add or remove points one by one when the Select Points function is activated.
In the 3D View you can now select which average reflection plane is selected.
73
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Turning ON the View Selected points displays all selected points on the 3D graph as red dots.
It is possible to adjust the vertical scale of the 3D graph with the inputs Z min, Z max and Z view.
With the 2 Copy buttons you can copy one of the data set in the corresponding input controls on the
GP Layout panel
The bottom edge of the course position drawing shows the height of the reference point for positioning
the measurement receiver as described in chapter Reference height of trajectography.
74
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
GP type
This input allows selecting a glide path type from a list of available
systems. If you change the selection no other parameter (terrain or
antenna parameters) will be changed automatically.
There is a similar input on the main panel but the behavior is slightly
different. A glide path type selection from the main panel will reset all
parameters from the GP layout panel to the nominal values.
Transmitter
This input allows selecting which kind of transmitter will be used. For
the time being 2 transmitter types are available:
A basic transmitter with the most common adjustments but
not related to a given manufacturer.
The THOMSON 381/389 transmitter. For this transmitter a
block diagram with the most important adjustment available
on the real transmitter can be displayed from the main panel.
Frequency
With this input you can select the frequency of your glide path. In brackets is indicated the associated
localizer frequency.
GP Angle
Here you can set the nominal GP angle which will be used to calculate the antenna settings as well as
the mast X position.
RDH
This input allows setting the Reference Datum Height which will be used to calculate the mast X
position.
File handling
The currently loaded file is displayed at the bottom of this window.
If the complete path name of the file is too long to be displayed completely, it is possible to display it
just by clicking and holding down the left mouse button over the file name box.
75
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
If the File name is light grey it means that at least one parameter has been change from the initial
settings stored in the file.
At start up the default file is InitGpLayout.xml. It is possible to save this file with your own settings.
When the window is opened the most right button displays CLOSE and the CANCEL button is
dimmed.
If a parameter is changed the button becomes VALIDATE and the CANCEL button is undimmed.
A click on CANCEL brings all parameters back to the values when the window was opened
The VALIDATE button turns orange when one of the following parameters is changed:
A click on Set ant. position
New GP type selection
New transmitter selection
When you click on VALIDATE when it is orange, the ADU and transmitter settings will be initialized.
This means that you will lose all the previous settings and the orange color acts as a warning.
76
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Help panel
The Information and Help panel gives some general information about the software and displays two
buttons which give access to the documentation.
The blue texts in the documentation window are hyperlinks to some specific items.
77
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Here you can check what has changed between the releases of LAGON, new features or bug
corrections.
78
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Monitors panel
The Monitors panel displays the parameters usually given by the monitors of an equipment. Farfield
parameters are also displayed on the same panel in order to get an easy way to compare between
monitor readings and farfield measurements.
The Nearfiel position can be set with the Azimuth (), Distance (D) and Height (H) inputs.
The monitor readings are calculated using the adjustments made in the MCU and the radiated signals.
The DDM readings of the monitors are also available in the MCU panel.
79
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
80
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Language
The text in the panels of the software can be set to French or English.
Geographical Units
Distance and heights can be displayed in the metric units system or in the English unit system.
For distances the unit will toggle between feet and Nautical miles is the distance is less than 0.5 Nm or
more than 3040 feet.
DDM
DDM unit can be set to % or µA
Static receiver
The parameters in this frame define the default position of the static receiver when starting the
program.
Measurement modes
These tabbed pages allow you to set the default values for each measurement mode.
It is also possible to select the default tab that will be activated at startup. Activate the tab to want as
default tab before saving the Startup options.
81
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
If Width and Height are in italics it means that the panel size has not changed from the default values.
If you close the Default setting panel, change the main panel size by dragging the borders with the
mouse and then come back to the Default setting panel, the new panel size is displayed.
Width and Height is not longer in italics to show that the panel
size has changed from the default settings.
The checkbox “Save actual panel size” is now activated. If you want to keep the new panel size for the
next startup, check the box and click on the SAVE button.
This feature along with the possibility to change the size of the font allows adapting the software to the
size and resolution of your screen in order to get a comfortable viewing of the simulations.
For the time being the font size adjustment will not affect all panels.
CANCEL brings all changes back to the settings before the panel was opened and closes the panel.
SAVE will save the current settings as default settings the next time ATOLL is started.
Reference deviation
The flight inspection plane flies theoretically on the published approach angle when checking the
position of the GP angle. It's in fact difficult to maintain the plane all the time on the exact published
path. The aircraft is therefore always a little bit below or above the theoretical approach angle.
The flight inspection system knows the deviation from the theoretical approach path and compensates
the measured DDM accordingly.
The issue is that in case of multipath propagation the scattered signal will not hit the antenna with the
same phase relationship when the plane for a given distance is a little higher or lower than expected.
Below you can see an example of 3 approach flights on the same GP without any change in the
adjustments on the GP system.
82
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The differences between these 3 plots are only because the flight inspection plane was not flying
exactly the same path.
The graph shows in green the nominal approach path and in red the deviation. The basic deviation is
a sine deviation around the nominal path. It is possible to adjust the number of cycle, add an offset
along the distance axis and select the maximum excursion error.
This can be used to illustrate the effect of the misalignment of the flight inspection plane to the bends
one can observe on the records.
It is also possible to import a real flight path with the Import button.
A click on the import button opens the same panel as for importing flight inspection plots seen in the
previous chapter. The only change is the selection list which displays now the following features:
For the deviation error it is possible to select the Ref Elevation or the DDM
deviation with regard to the reference trajectory depending on what is
available in the flight inspection file.
Example of a real flight inspection path and its effect on the DDM plot.
83
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
84
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
PO OBJECTS gives the possibility to add scattering plates or objects consisting of a set of plates. The
method of Physical Optics (PO) is used to compute the signal scattered from these objects.
UTD TERRAIN PROFILE gives the possibility to add some terrain unevenness in front of the glide
path by defining a terrain profile. The Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD) is used to compute the
signals scattered from the terrain irregularities.
PO OBJECTS
Adding a plate
Click on Add Plate to open the list of predefined rectangular plates and select the plate you want to
add.
The plate is added by default at the origin of the reference system (threshold). It is possible to change
its size, position and orientation.
85
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Reference systems
The plate has its own reference system. The position can be set
with regard to this reference system with the X, Y, Z inputs from
the Object position on reference box.
The plate local reference system can then be moved and rotated
with regard to the absolute reference system with the inputs from
the Object position box.
In this case when you make a rotation around the Z axis, the rotation will take place around the left
edge of the plate.
If you change the Object position on reference X input to -10 m the rotation will take place around the
middle of the plate.
86
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Example 2:
You can simulate the tail fin but using the nose wheel of the aircraft as position reference. If the nose
wheel is 40 m apart from the tail fin you can add 40 m in the X input of the Object on reference box.
When you move and rotate the plate with the inputs of the Object position box, you move and rotate
the plate around the nose wheel.
Plate edition
Only the parameters of the selected plate are displayed.
An object is selected by a left click on its name. The name of the selected object is then displayed in
bold and the 3D view is centered on it.
If one double clicks on the name of a plate the name can be changed. End edition of the name with
the <Enter> key or by selecting another input.
The Sensitive area (SA) buttons are dimmed because Sensitive Areas calculations are not yet
possible in LAGON.
The buttons in the Active labeled column permit to select or unselect object for calculation. It is
therefore possible to remove plates from the calculation without removing them from the selection.
The column after the Active column indicates if the selection is a Plate (P) or an Object (O). An Object
is a set of plates that can be moved together.
No metallic objects can be approximated by changing the Amplitude of the reflection factor.
87
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
With the Save button it is possible to add a new plate in the selection list of predefined plates
displayed with the Add button. The zooming state is also saved at the same time.
Adding an object
Click on Add Object to open the list of available
objects.
By default only the New item is displayed.
Selecting New adds an empty object (without
plates).
Example:
Object made up of 2 plates.
In this case the object is selected. It is possible to move the complete object using the Object position
inputs on the bottom right of the panel.
When you click on one of the label of the plates the selected plate turns orange and you can change
the settings of that plate.
88
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The check boxes behind the name of the plates permit to unselect plates from the object for
computation without removing them from the object.
The O after the Active column indicates that this item is an object. This O is not just an indicator; a
click on it opens the object editor window.
It is possible to define a complete airport layout by adding several plates representing buildings,
airplanes or other scattering objects and check the contribution from each object on the global DDM by
selectively switching plates on or off.
When a complete layout is defined it can be saved for later use with the Save Layout button.
All scattering objects layouts for the currently selected station will be saved in the sub directory Scat
Objects Layout.
The positions of the objects are saved in an xml file defined in Layout name box (for example Layout
1.xml)
89
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
For each object and for each plate new sub directories are created.
In the example below we are in the GP layout Station 1. Under Scat Objects Layouts we can see 3
subdirectories and 2 xml files.
The 2 xml files indicate that 2 different Object layouts are stored, Test1 and Test 2.
In Test 1 there are 2 PO Objects defined in the sub directory Test1_PO_ObjectsDef, Object_1 and
Object_2. There is also a PO plate defined in the sub directory Test 1_PO_PlatesDef.
To add a terrain profile you must first enter a truncation of the primary reflection plane with a click on
the button Infinite.
90
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Note: The primary reflection plane is defined in the GP Layout panel by FSL, SSL and Height above
threshold.
It is now possible to set the distance of the truncation as well as the orientation in azimuth.
91
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
As long as the second plane is vertical it is possible to set the orientation in azimuth.
If the second plane is not vertical the orientation of the edge is the intersection between the first and
the second plane.
In this example FSL and SSL are set different to 0 in the GP Layout panel
To add more plates you must first select after which edge you want to add a new one. As long as no
edge is selected the Add and Delete buttons are not active.
92
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
If you click now on Add a new edge is added behind the one who was selected.
You can now adjust X and Z to the right position.
To zoom in or out use the 2 buttons + and – at the right of the panel. If one of those 2 buttons
has been used once, it is possible to continue zooming using the mouse wheel if the mouse
pointer is above the picture.
To rotate the picture simply hold the left mouse button down on the picture and move the
mouse up and down or right and left to change the viewpoint of the object.
To pan the picture hold down the <Shift> key and the left mouse button while the pointer is on
the picture and move the mouse up and down or right and left.
93
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Transmitter panels
Basic adjustments
Thomson 381/389
NM 7000B
Basic adjustments
If you are not interested in a specific transmitter layout or if your equipment is not available you can
use the Basic adjustments transmitter. Here you will find the adjustments that are present in one or
another way in all equipments.
Here you can see the real SBO level with regard to CSB signal. When you select a new GP type this
level is automatically adjusted with regard to some of the parameter defined in the GP Layout panel in
order to provide the right sector width.
You can easily add -90° phase in SBO for phase adjustments and switch ON or OFF the SBO signal.
Thomson 381/389
This panel displays a block diagram for the Thomson 381/389 transmitter with the main adjustments
available on this equipment.
It is possible to save and recall settings with the Save and Load buttons.
The file name currently loaded is displayed. The file with the default settings is called Init.381GS. GS
stands for Glide path Single frequency.
If the complete path name of the file is too long to be displayed completely, it is possible to display it
just by clicking and holding down the left mouse button over the file name box.
The CANCEL button becomes actives if at least one parameter is changed on the panel. It is then
possible to come back to the settings present when the panel was opened.
94
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Single frequency
Dual frequency
Workshop mode
Single frequency
LF generator
RF generator
LF generator
RF generator
The nominal cabinet setting is with SBO phase and amplitude feedback loop ON. Only the S03 SBO
amplitude feedback loop is implemented in the simulation model. This gives the possibility to see
interesting effects on modulations in the case of SBO balance errors or poor carrier suppression.
95
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Dual frequency
LF generator
Clearance LF phasing
RF generator
LF generator
Clearance LF phasing
For the dual frequency system, it is possible to change the LF phase of the clearance signal. This
adjustment can be used to experiment with localiser optimisation in the case of multipath problem and
has no use for the glide path. The standard THOMSON generator does not have such an
adjustment, so we need a specific LF board providing two separate course and clearance channels.
Reference: information relative to clearance LF phase (out of phase clearance) can be found in ICAO
annex 10, volume 1, chapter 3.1.3.5.3.5.
96
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Synchro 30 Hz mode. This nominal phase setting is derived from simple trigonometric
properties. The 30 Hz reference signal phase change keeps the relative LF phase between
the 90 Hz and 150 Hz tones unchanged and therefore keeps the clearance LF signal always
compliant with ICAO specifications. The shape of the clearance CSB modulating signal can be
checked on the scope located just above the phase values.
Free mode, allows you to change the LF phase of the 90 Hz and 150 Hz tones independly.
Care should be taken to respect audio phasing as described in ICAO Annex 10 by choosing
values for Phase 90 Hz and Phase 150 Hz. Thus, visual check of audio phasing will be useful
with LF scope.
RF generator
The nominal cabinet setting is with SBO phase and amplitude feedback loop ON. Only the S03 SBO
amplitude feedback loop is implemented in the simulation model. This gives the possibility to see
interesting effects on modulations in the case of SBO balance errors or poor carrier suppression.
Workshop mode
If you select Workshop on the main panel before opening the transmitter panel the digital inputs are
hidden.
97
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The default settings for this mode are in the file Init.381GDW. GDW stands for Glide path Dual
Workshop.
In this mode the trainee has to make the adjustments using methods applied on the real equipment.
He can not simply set all values to nominal.
The teacher can prepare some exercises and ask the trainee to load some specific files. A special
mode is available to create the exercise files.
If you hit the <V> (visualize) key while holding down the <Shift> key the digital input are displayed but
it is not possible to save the file while in this mode.
98
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
The teacher can now add some errors in the settings, than hide the digital inputs with <Shift><B> and
save these parameters in a file on the hard drive.
When the trainee opens the file he can not see the errors but their effect on the DDM and SDM with
the monitors or by starting an Orbit or an Approach plot.
Given it is difficult to make the adjustments turning the knobs with the mouse, an index displays when
a control is selected. To select a control without changing unwillingly its value it is appropriate to click
on the label of the control.
Once a control is selected and its index displayed it is possible to change the setting using the up and
down keys from the keyboard.
99
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Selecting the Active GP selects also automatically the associated transmitter. The
transmitter selection box is dimmed because only the Active GP transmitter can be used
with the Active GP.
DDM CSB1, DDM CSB2 and SBO A3 are automatically adjusted to the theoretical values according to
the forward slope of the terrain. FSL is adjusted in the GP Layout panel.
100
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
Global SBO level input is equivalent to the SBO level adjustment on a passive GP. In this case it will
adjust simultaneously DDM CSB1, DDM CSB2 and SBO A3. If the value is set to 100% the DDM
CSB1 and CSB2 and SBO A3 are the nominal value. If for example you set the value to 80% the
transmitter will radiate 80% of DDM CSB1 and CSB2 and of SBO A3 with regard to the values when
Global SBO level was 100%.
If you set the global SBO level back to 100% the original values are set.
1. Changing DDM CSB1 or DDM CSB2 or SBO A3 when Global SBO level is 100%.
2. Changing DDM CSB1 or DDM CSB2 or SBO A3 when Global SBO level is not 100%.
LAGON updates
Version 4.2 (27/06/12)
Version 4.1 (23/04/12)
Version 4.0 (15/01/12)
Version 3.2 (10/02/11)
Version 3.1 (01/09/10)
Version 3.0 (18/08/10)
Version 2.2 (17/10/08)
Version 2.1 (15/09/08)
Version 2.0 (01/08/08)
101
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
102
LAGON 4.2 user’s manual
103