Assosa University

Collage of health science

Nursing department

Tattle: To assess knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors of blood

donation among Assosa university graduating class students in 2010/18.

Adviser name: instructor Mulugata and Kemal

Date 24/10/2008

Assosa Ethiopia
 1.0 INTRODACTION
1.1 BAKGROUD

Blood is a specialized body fluid that delivers nutrients and oxygen to cells and transports metabolic
waste products away from same cells [10]. And there no substitute for it.it can’t be mead or
manufactured. Generous blood donors are the only source of blood for a patient that needs blood
transfusions [9]. It remains the only source of replacement therapy in cases of its loss and as well as for
other components and blood donation is the process in which a volunteer who is a healthy person has his
blood voluntarily drawn for transfusion to the needy [3]. It is an act that can save the lives of thousands
because of no substitutes for it [4] and blood Transfusion became the 1st step in the resuscitation of
victims of road accidents and war injuries [3].

Safe blood is blood that does not contain any viruses, parasites, drugs, alcohol, chemical substances, or
other extraneous factors that might cause harm, danger or disease to the recipient. People who donate
blood should be in good health and should not suffer or have suffered from any serious illnesses. The
recipient should not be harmed by receiving blood; the donor should not be put at risk by giving blood
[8].
Donated blood can be lifesaving for persons who have lost large amounts of blood because of serious
accidents, new medical and surgical procedures, civil conflicts, and military wars as well as for patients
who have become severely anemic because of serious hematological diseases or treatments such as cancer
therapy. Therefore, availability of blood is an important concern to the society [2].

the majority of transfusions are prescribed for the treatment of complications during pregnancy and
childbirth, severe childhood anaemia, trauma and the management of congenital blood disorders.
Hemorrhage, for example, accounts for over 25% of the 530 000 maternal deaths each year; 99% of these
are in the developing world. Commented [d1]: Maternal mortality in 2005. Estimates
developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank.
Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007.
Over the last three decades, the source of blood has shifted dramatically from imported blood to locally
recruited blood donors.1 Currently, the sources of donated blood are involuntary donors (as a replacement
for their relative’s and friend’s needs), voluntary unpaid donors, and paid donors.

Globally, higher rates of transfusion-transmitted infections have been documented among paid donors.5,7
Therefore, they are trying to reduce it as much as they can in many countries. In fact, the World Health
Organization and the Council of Europe recommend that blood and blood components should only be

2|Page
collected from voluntary, unpaid repeat donors who can assist blood bank to manage blood supplies and
schedule transfusion smoothly.6

Patients who require transfusion as part of their clinical management have the right to expect that
sufficient blood will be available to meet their needs and to receive the safest blood possible. However,
many patients still die or suffer unnecessarily because they do not have access to safe blood transfusion.
The timely availability of safe blood and blood products is essential in all health facilities in which
transfusion is performed, but in many developing and transitional countries there is a widespread shortfall
between blood requirements and blood supplies’ performed.

3|Page
 1.2 STATEMENTOF THEPEROBLEM

About 234 million major operations are performed worldwide every year, with 63 million people
undergoing surgery for traumatic injuries, 31 million more for treating cancers and another 10
million for pregnancy-related complications for all of those procedures, blood transfusion is
mandatory.7 Commented [d2]: Debas HT et al. Surgery. In Jameson DT et
al. Disease control priorities in developing countries,
2nd edition. Washington DC, World Bank/Oxford University Press,
2006.
Even though, the demands of blood for patient management has been growing dramatically due
to sophisticated and advancement of clinical medicine, the demand and supply have yet not
balanced; the demand is elevated.6 Commented [y3]: Universal access to safe blood transfusion.
Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008.

In countries where diagnostic facilities and treatment options are more limited, the majority of
transfusions are prescribed for the treatment of complications during pregnancy and childbirth,
severe childhood anemia, trauma and the management of congenital blood disorders.
Haemorrhage, for example, accounts for over 25% of the 530 000 maternal deaths each year;
99% of these are in the developing world. Access to safe blood could help to prevent up to one
quarter of maternal deaths each year and blood transfusion has been identified as one of the eight
life-saving functions that should be available in a first-referral level healthcare facility providing
comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care.9 Commented [d4]: Maternal mortality in 2005. Estimates
developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank.
Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007.
Children are particularly vulnerable to shortages of blood in malarious areas because of their
high requirement for transfusion arising from severe life-threatening anaemia resulting from
malaria, often exacerbated by malnutrition. In 2008, 109 countries were endemic for malaria, 45
within the WHO African region. In 2006, there were an estimated 247 million malaria cases
among 3.3 billion people at risk, causing nearly a million deaths; 91% of malaria deaths were in
Africa and 85% were of children under five years of age.10 Road traffic accidents kill 1.2 Commented [d5]: World malaria report 2008. Geneva, World
Health Organization, 2008.
million people and injure or disable between 20 million and 50 million more a year, a large
proportion of whom require transfusion during the first 24 hours of treatment; 90% of deaths
occur in developing and transitional countries. Road traffic injuries are predicted to become the
third largest contributor to the global burden of disease by 2020, with an anticipated increase of
65% in road traffic deaths globally and 80% in low and medium HDI countries.11 Commented [d6]: World report on road traffic injury
prevention. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.

The timely availability of blood at emergency health care facilities is one of the determinants of
patient survival. About 300 000 infants are born each year with thalassaemia and sickle-cell

4|Page
disease and need regular blood transfusion.12 While the prevalence of these disorders of
haemoglobin is unknown, there is a high requirement for regular transfusion in affected regions,
particularly the Mediterranean region, Asia and north Africa.
Despite the recommdaton of WHO that all blood donation should be voluntary and non-
remunerated, replacement and paid donor are common throughout sub Saharan African
countries , (6) although in Ethiopia ,the number of volunteers is showing an increase, up to 30%
of blood comes from relatives of patients.12
Commented [d7]: WHA A58/38. Proposal for establishment
ofWorld Blood Donor Day. Report by the Secretariat. Fifty-Eighth
World Health Assembly, Geneva, 16–25 May 2005. Geneva, World
Health Organization, 2005.
Commented [d8]: Universal access to safe blood transfusion.
Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008.
Commented [y9]: Ethiopian national blood bank 2014

Ethiopia is the second-most populous country of Africa after Nigeria with an estimated population of 84
million and this makes Ethiopia the 14th most populous country in the world [5]; a country with high Commented [d10]: 5. Central Statistical Agency (CSA). The
2007 Population and Housing Census
MMR of 412 /100,000 [6] and high motor vehicle accident (ranks 12th in the world) [7] and with a larger of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Statistical Summary Report; 2008.
Commented [d11]: Ethiopia: Road Traffic Accidents.
non-immune population for malaria. When you compare from 2011 and 2016 EDHS report, children age [http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/
ethiopia-road-traffic-accidents]. Accessed Dec 2014
6-59 months ,women age 15-49 , and men ,the prevalence of anemia where significantly increased from
44% to 57%, 17% to 24% and 11% to 17% respectively.1@ Commented [y12]: Ethiopian demographic health survey
2016EDHS
The Ethiopian Red Cross Society (ERCS) has been the pioneer organization in developing blood banking
services in the country. According to ERCS, the country’s blood demand is estimated to be 200, 000 units
per year. However, only 87,000 units of blood were collected in 71 % of them were collected from Addis
Ababa. This figure indicates severe shortage of blood supply affecting the vast majority of the nation’s
population (about 96 %) residing outside the capital city including Benishangul Gumz region [8–10]. Commented [d13]: Federal democratic republic of Ethiopia,
Ministry of Health. National blood
transfusion services strategy, vol. Strategy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
2005.
1.3 Significance of the study Commented [d14]: National Blood Bank Service in Ethiopia.
[http://www.moh.gov.et/nbbso].
Since blood transfusion is one of the lifesaving medical procedures, and at the same time University Accessed June 2014.

students are expected to be more aware than the general population should take the lead to create
awareness on blood donations among the population. They also constitute a potential pool of eligible
voluntary donors and motivators, so, keeping in view of the significance of blood donation and
transfusion is important and this study was conducted to assess the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and
Associated Factors towards BD among graduating Students would be helpful to identify the gaps and
implement appropriate strategies

Ethiopia’s current blood supply is low compared to the demand, Ensuring adequate blood supply would
be vital for the health care system. This can only be achieved by securing sustainable voluntary blood
donors with in the community including university student.

5|Page
And, there is no research done on blood donations and associated factor both published and un- published
available in our settings. Therefore, this research would help to fill the existing gaps and used for both
governmental and non-governmental organization who want to involved on blood donation and also
including other researcher used as base line data.

6|Page
1.0 LATRATUR REVIEW
1.1 KOWLADGE TOWARDES BLOOD DONATION

The study on KAP of blood donation among 18- 25 aged bachelor level students of health and
non-health science colleges in India; the result shows the knowledge of respondent about the
presence of artificial blood. Majority 40(63%) of health science student respond “no artificial
blood” i.e. has good knowledge about artificial blood but majority 88(59.9%) of non-health
students think that there is artificial blood available.40 Commented [y15]: Junu Hada, 2014 A RESEARCH REPORT ON
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ON BLOOD DONATION
AMONG 18- 25 YEARS BACHELOR LEVEL PEOPLE
A Study conducted on a total of 177 (73 males and 104 females) in different bachelor level students
(98 business, 42 fashion designer and 37 arts) in Nepal revealed that, knowledge about blood and
blood donation, the students’ average score was 32.01%. About 68.93% of the students said that
diseases can be transmitted by blood transfusion. Most students (n 78) could list only one disease.
HIV-AIDS and hepatitis were the most frequently mentioned diseases. Knowledge about criteria for
eligible donor was about 56.12%. Knowledge about conditions when an otherwise eligible donor
should not donate was 37.1%. Knowledge about long-term risks for the blood donor was 23.82%,
indicating an overall misconception about risks to the donor 40. Commented [u16]:
Amatya DM. Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Blood
Donation among Students of different college of Kathmandu, Nepal.
A study in Samara University College of health science regular under graduate students rivals that, among International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives.
2013; 4(3):42
the study participants of 351, 319(94.1%)had information about blood donation, 305(90%)of the
respondents had knowledge of source of blood for donation, 79.6% and 44.2% of the respondents did not
know the age and weight limit required for blood donation respectively and also from total participant
less than half (45.4%) of individuals did not know the volume of blood donated at each donation and
Slightly greater than half (50.2%) of the participants were not aware whether hepatitis C virus (HCV)
could be potentially transmitted through blood transfusions although 96% and 67.1% of the respondents
are quite aware that HIV and HBV could be transmitted through blood transfusion respectively.7 Commented [l17]: WOLDEMICHAEL T 2016 ASSESSMENT OF
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS
TOWARDS VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION AMONG REGULAR
From Community based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, HEALTH SCIENCE STUDENTS OF SAMARA UNIVERSITY, AFAR, NORTH
EAST ETHIOPIA, 2016
and practice towards blood donation and its associated factors among adults in Debre Markos
town in 205, from a total of 772 respondent, 436 (56.5 %) of them scored mean and above
indicates have knowledgeable about blood donation and All of the respondents were heard about
blood donation at least once. About 415 (53.8 %) and 480 (62.2 %) of them knew that people can
donate once in three months, and blood donation can be started at 18 years of age, respectively

7|Page
and also 609 (78.9 %) of respondents knew that blood donation is beneficial for the donor’s
health.4 Commented [y18]: Jemberu et al. Knowledge, Attitude,
Practice and associated factors among Adults Population in Debre
Markos town, Ethiopia towards Blood Donation, BMC
Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar town, Ethiopia, in 2015 from hematology;2016 :3;8

the total study participants 768, 436 (56.8%) had adequate knowledge towards blood donation
and majority 704 (91.8%) of the study participants heard the idea of blood donation previously.
About 678 (88.3%) study participants thought that the importance of blood donation is to save
life, while 24 (3.1%) of them believed that it is to get health assurance.3 Commented [y19]: Mulugata M, et ail, study on Knowledge,
Attitude, and Practice of Adult Population towards Blood Donation
in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, Journal of Blood
1.2 attitudes towards blood donation Transfusion2016;4(3):10

A descriptive study conducted on 216 university science students. The attitude of respondents towards
barrier to donate blood was 37% fear of needles, 35% fearful of donating blood and 7.5% fear of knowing
their HIV/AIDS status. The other barriers to blood donation were waiting time (51%), inflexible opening
hours (19%), and attitude of blood staffers (30%). Among the participants 41% were encouraged by
family ,28% friends,15.5% lecturers and 15.5% health care workers The study showed that only 23%
have donated blood in the past and 172(86%) of them have donated for family and friends felled by
elective surgery and accident 57.5% and57% respectively. Among those who have donated blood 70%
were male and 19.6% were females and had donated in less than 6 months. Of blood donors, 78% of
males had donated blood at 6 months ago compared to 86.o%of females. Regarding to the frequency of
donation, 10% had donated for once,8.5% two times, 1% three times, 1.5% four times, and 2.5% at least
five times 47. Commented [d20]:
Bourne PA, Richards S, Holder-Nevins D. Knowledge, Attitude,
Practices and Readiness among University Science Students towards
A study in Samara University College of health science regular under graduate student’s rivals that, Non-Remunerated Blood Donation in a Middle Income Developing
Country. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2013;12(5):529-38.
among the study participants of 351, among the overall respondents 93.5% said blood donation is good
habit, whereas 6.5% thinks bad. Furthermore 82.9% of the respondents replied that they are willing to
donate blood voluntarily in the future. Similarly, 92.3% of individuals responded as voluntary blood
donation is the best source of blood donation. Majority (72.6%) of respondents think that relatives of
patient should be asked for blood donation. The overall attitude of individuals towards voluntary blood
donation was assessed by summing up the correct answers of individual questions. In this study it was
observed that 65.8% of respondents: 61.0%–71.0%) had favorable attitude towards VBD. The remaining
segment had unfavorable attitude towards Voluntary blood donation. VBD Commented [d21]: WOLDEMICHAEL T 2016 ASSESSMENT OF
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS
TOWARDS VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION AMONG REGULAR
From institution based cross-sectional study in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital among health workers in HEALTH SCIENCE STUDENTS OF SAMARA UNIVERSITY, AFAR, NORTH
EAST ETHIOPIA, 2016
2015 the result showed that; Two hundred and ninety (98.3%) respondents said blood donation is good.
Voluntary donation was accepted as the best source of donor by 222(75.3%), replacement donors by

8|Page
26(8.8%), remunerated (paid) by 3(1.0%), self-donor by 38(12.9%) and the remaining had no knowledge
of it. One hundred fifty five (52.5%) said something happen to a donor, 45(15.3%), 217(73.6%) & 33
(11.2%) stated that a donor might contract infection, become temporary weak and fall sick respectively.
From the total respondents 225(76.3%) said that the patient relatives should be asked to donate blood.
Two hundred seventy one (91.9%) stated that as they encourage their families and relatives to donate and
266(90.2%) were volunteer to be reminded or called up on to donate. Commented [d22]: ambeye d knowledge, attitude, practice
and associated factors of blood donation among health workers in
Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, 2015
Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar town, Ethiopia, in 2015 from the total
study participants 768; more than three fourths, 630 (82%), of the respondents had good attitude towards
blood donation. Nearly all, 741 (96.5%), of the participants thought that blood donation is important. Commented [d23]: Mulugata M, et ail, study on Knowledge,
Attitude, and Practice of Adult Population towards Blood Donation
in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, Journal of Blood
Transfusion2016;4(3):10
a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards blood
donation and its associated factors among adults in Debre Markos town in 2016, from a total of 772
respondents, 598 (77.5 %) of them showed willingness to donate blood in the future. from this 571(95.4
%) of them wanted to donate blood as voluntary donor and, the rest 25 (4.3 %) and 2 (0.3 %) of them as
replacement and paid donors, respectively (Table 5). Regarding the composite measure of attitude, about
403 (52.2 %) of the respondents had favorable attitude towards blood donation. Commented [d24]: Jemberu et al. Knowledge, Attitude,
Practice and associated factors among Adults Population in Debre
Markos town, Ethiopia towards Blood Donation, BMC
hematology;2016;4(8)
1.3 practice towards blood donation
A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Saudi Arabia with a
total of 350 sample population the result showed that more than half of them (52.4%) mentioned that
blood donation did not think in their minds and 45% mentioned that they had no time for donation while
41.3% mentioned that they had difficulty in accessing blood donation center. More than one-third of them
(37.6%) reported that they had fear of needle or seeing blood and 25.9% mentioned that blood donation
procedure is a painful experience. Commented [d25]: Najd Alfouzan 2, to explore the knowledge,
attitudes, and motivations towards blood donation among Saudi
population. international journal of family medicine 2014;5

A study in Samara University College of health science regular under graduate student’s rivals that,
among the study participants of 351, 252 (32.6%) has ever donated blood at least once in their life time
and the remaining 522 (67.4%) never exercised any blood donation practice so far. Moreover, only 121
(15.6%) of the respondents reported to have had blood donated based on voluntarism; whereas about 120
(47.6) of the donors went to donate for their relatives or friends who needed blood. Remuneration donors
accounted for 1 (0.39%) of the blood donors. 20 (7.93%) of the overall donors are regular blood donors.
However, the proportion of regular blood donors among the study participants was only 2.6%.More than

9|Page
two thirds 536 (69.2%) of the participants were willing to donate blood in the future if they are called
upon or reminded to do so and 198 (25.6%) of the respondents would not like to give blood in future. The
remaining 40 (5.17%) of the respondents were not sure if they could donate blood in future. Commented [d26]: WOLDEMICHAEL T 2016 ASSESSMENT OF
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS
TOWARDS VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION AMONG REGULAR
Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar town, Ethiopia, in 2015 from the total HEALTH SCIENCE STUDENTS OF SAMARA UNIVERSITY, AFAR, NORTH
EAST ETHIOPIA, 2016
study participants 768; Less than one-quarter, 141 (18.4%), of the respondents had an experience of blood
donation, while the rest of the participants, 627 (81.6%), never donated blood before. from donors 86
(61%) were voluntary donors, while the rest 39% of them were replacement donors. The major reasons
mentioned for not donating blood among non-donors were perception of not being fitted to donate blood
(21.2%), lack of information on where, when, and how to donate blood (17%), fear of being anemic after
blood donation (12.6%), and fear of health risk after donation (12.3%) Commented [d27]: Mulugata M, et ail, study on Knowledge,
Attitude, and Practice of Adult Population towards Blood Donation
in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, Journal of Blood
Transfusion2016;4(3):10
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards blood
donation and its associated factors among adults in Debre Markos town in 2016, from a total of 772
respondents, the practice of blood donation was found to be 124(16.1 %) and of these, 79 (63.7 %) and 36
(29 %) of them were donated once, and twice, respectively. However, only6 (4.8 %) of them were regular
donors. Among those whoever donated blood, majority 79 (63.7 %) of them were voluntary donors and,
the remaining 45 (36.3 %) were donated to a friend or relative in need of blood. Commented [d28]: Jemberu et al. Knowledge, Attitude,
Practice and associated factors among Adults Population in Debre
1.4 associated factor towards blood donation Markos town, Ethiopia towards Blood Donation, BMC
hematology;2016

A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Saudi Arabia with a
total of 350 sample population; Most of them (81.4%) agreed that one day off is a motivational factor for
donation and 79.1% of them agreed that mobile blood donation caravans in public areas (malls, plazas,
and streets) are a good motivational factor for donating blood. Only 39.3% reported that media encourage
people to donate blood very well, 31.5% agreed with token gifts, and 18.9% agreed with paying money as
motivating factors for blood donation. Commented [d29]: Najd Alfouzan 2, to explore the knowledge,
attitudes, and motivations towards blood donation among Saudi
population. international journal of family medicine 2014;5

A cross sectional study was conducted on 384(206 male and 178 female) students of Addis Ababa
University, college of health sciences and medicine in Ethiopia. The study revealed that there is
significant association of level of blood donation with year of study and department of respondents.
Increased year of study and being students in the department of medicine and nursing increased the
odds of level of knowledge of respondents on blood donation. (12) Commented [d30]: chalachew m et al THE LEVEL AND
ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE
OF BLOOD DONATION AMONG HEALTH SCIENCE STUDENTS OF
ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY. International Journal of Medical and
A study in Samara University College of health science regular under graduate student’s rivals that, Health Sciences Research. 2014;1(10):105-18.

among the study participants of 351, the main reasons for not donating blood by the non-donors were; not

10 | P a g e
approach/asked to donate, need to donate in future for relatives or friends and fear of knowing my status
with proportion of 40.9%, 17.8% and 9.9% respectively. 4.9% of the non-donors pointed out that the
reason for not Commented [d31]: WOLDEMICHAEL T 2016 ASSESSMENT OF
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS
TOWARDS VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION AMONG REGULAR
Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar town, Ethiopia, in 2015 from the total HEALTH SCIENCE STUDENTS OF SAMARA UNIVERSITY, AFAR, NORTH
EAST ETHIOPIA, 2016
study participants 768; age, occupation, marital status, educational status, and self-perceived health status
were significantly associated with adequate knowledge about blood donation at the same time marital
status, religion, and self-perceiver health status were significantly associated with attitude of the
participants, and also age, sex, religion, marital status, and self-perceived health status were statistically
associated with blood donation practice of the respondents, In addition, we had tried to assess the
correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of the study participants. Knowledge and
attitude scores of the participants achieved significant but weak positive correlation. Similarly, knowledge
and practice scores of the participants had shown statistically significant positive correlation, even though
it is weak .Moreover, the attitude and practice scores of the participants had fair positive correlation Commented [d32]: Mulugata M, et ail, study on Knowledge,
Attitude, and Practice of Adult Population towards Blood Donation
in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, Journal of Blood
A study in Samara University College of health science regular under graduate students rivals that, among Transfusion2016;4(3):10

the study participants of 351: sex, ethnicity, residence, and mass media exposure did not show
significance association towards VBD practice and were subsequently deleted from multivariate
regression analysis model. On blood donation practice revealed a statistical significant association
with department. Nurses were 1.881 times more likely to practice blood donation than health
officers [AOR (95% CI): 1.881(1.002, 3.532)]. From religion towards VBD being protestant and others
did not show a significant association with blood donation practice. But being Muslim were found
to be less likely to practice than Orthodox. Commented [d33]: WOLDEMICHAEL T 2016 ASSESSMENT OF
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS
TOWARDS VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION AMONG REGULAR
HEALTH SCIENCE STUDENTS OF SAMARA UNIVERSITY, AFAR, NORTH
EAST ETHIOPIA, 2016

11 | P a g e
3. Objectives of the study
3.1 General objectives:
To assess knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors of blood donation among Assosa university
graduating class students in 2010/18.
3.2 Specific objectives
1. To determine the knowledge of blood donation
2. To determine the attitude of blood donation
3. To determine the practice of blood donation
4. To identify factors associated with Knowledge, Attitude and practice of blood donation.

12 | P a g e
4.0 Methodology
4.1 Study design

Institution based cross sectional study design will be used to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice and
associated factors towards voluntary blood donation among graduating class students of Assosa
University in 2010/18.

4.2 Study area and period

Assosa city was founded in 1936. It is the capital city of Benishangul Gumuz regional state that is located
about 666 km western of Addis Ababa (the capital city of Ethiopia), 96 km from ethio_sudan border, and
230 km from Ethiopian millennium Renaissance Dam. It has a town administration municipality and 4
kebele, one hospital, and one preparatory. Assosa University is the only university within Benishangul
Gumuz region and founded in 2004/2011.

4.3 Source population

The sour population of this study will be all graduating class students of Assosa University in 2010/18.
4.4. Study population
The study population will be selected regular graduating class students attending in the university
during data collection period.
4.5 Inclusion and exclusion criteria
4.5.1 Inclusion criteria
All graduating class student, that are regular student (non-extension) and available in time of data
collection period.

13 | P a g e
4.5.2 Exclusion criteria
Both those graduating class students not available in time of data collection and extension program
(non-regular student) and also group members of this research will be not included in this research.
4.6 Study variables
4.6.1 Dependent variables
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of blood donation among graduating class students will be the
dependent variable

4.6.2. Independent variables

Socio demographic characteristics such as Age, Sex, Religion, and department of graduating
class students towards blood donation will be the independent variable.

4.6. Sample size calculation, sampling methods & procedures

The study subjects will be selected using stratified sampling method and the sample will be stratified
based on their faculty/ collage and from each strata sample will be draw by using systematic
sampling technique based on students identification number (ID NO). Single population proportion
formula is used to determine the sample size. Because of there is no research done on this aria on
blood donation, so we use the maximum sample 50% p-value. Therefore, the minimum sample size
will be calculated using single proportion estimate.

𝒛𝟐 𝒂⁄𝟐𝒑(𝟏−𝒑)
𝒏 = 𝒘𝟐
Where:- α= confidence interval=95%
p=best estimate of population proportion (50%)
w=maximum acceptable difference=5%
n=minimum required sample size
Zα/2 =value under standard normal table for the given value of
confidence level=1.96

n = (1.96)2.0.50(1−0.50)
(0.05)2
, =384

Since the study population is less than 10,000 (1802), by using correction factor and considering
𝑛
10% non-response rate. 𝑛𝑓 = , 384/1+384/1802, nf= 317
1+𝑛
𝑁

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 Table: 4.0 sampling techniques

Ser. No Faculty / collage No of Proportion No of students

graduating from total to be taken
students
1 Engineering collage 553 30.68% 97
2 Health science collage 52 2.88% 9

3 Computing and informatics 137 7.60% 24

science collage

4 agricultural and natural resource 260 14.43% 46

management collage
5 Business and economics collage 288 15.98% 51

6 Social science and humanity 248 13.76% 44

collage
7 Natural and computational since 224 12.43% 39
collage

8 School of law 40 2.22% 7

Total 1802 17.59% 317

4.7. Data collection techniques and tools

Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire which was obtained from other published
journal articles. However, to meet the objectives of the study as well as taking into the local context, the
questionnaire was adapted and modified slightly in line with the local context. It was designed in the way
that to collect information about all the relevant variables. The data collection questionnaire had four
parts; the first part involved question used to gather information about socio-demographic characteristics,
the second part was committed to explore knowledge of students about blood donation, the third part one
was questioners measure attitude of students toward blood donation and the final part is focused on the
practice of blood donation among students.
4.8. Data quality control measures

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The data quality will be maintained by using several methods. First Questionnaire will be adopted and
modified carefully and checked thoroughly for its completeness, objective and variable based by group
members before distributed to respondents. And Supervision will be conducted by two advisers from
starting to final result. Second group member phone no will be write on questioner paper in order to
contact from respondents in case of any ambiguous occur and finally, data will be also checked for
consistency and completeness before analysis.

4.9. Data processing and analysis

The collected data will be checked for its completeness, consistency and accuracy before analysis. The
data was presented by using table, pie chart and bar graph after analysis through tally. Odd ratio (OR) will
be used to see the strength of association between dependent and independent variables.

4.10. Operational definitions

Knowledge: from the major questions on knowledge part, each those who have answered above the 50th
percentile of the score were considered to be having adequate knowledge. The rest were categorized as
insufficient knowledge.
Attitude: Respondents who answered above the mean range correctly will be considered as favorable
attitude. Those individuals who gave a correct answer below the mean range will be considered as
unfavorable attitude towards blood donation.
Practice: individuals experienced blood donation activity at least once in their life time will be
considered as having practice.
Voluntary donors: those individuals who donate blood without receiving neither payment nor a
replacement for family or friends but only for internally generated sense of altruism or community
responsibility.
5. Ethical considerations

Ethical clearance was obtained from Assosa University, College of health science in nursing department.
In addition to that, verbal consent was obtained from all study subjects which was assure that
participation was on voluntarily basis. And also to keep the confidentiality of study participants, we
inform the study participants on questioner didn’t write any personal identifiers from questioner and all
questionnaires was sealed with post following data collection at each faculty. Finally, all questionnaires
were kept locked after data entry completion and will be destroyed at the end of the study.

6. Dissemination of results

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The study result will be presented to Assosa University, Faculty of health science, Department of nursing
through presentation and documents will be disseminated to all responsible bodies in the study area
including Benishangul Gumuz regional blood bank.

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