supervision of Prof, M, J. N, Priestley and Prof. R, Park.

The financial
assistance provided by the University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Railways Corporation and the New Zealand National Roads Board is
gratefully acknowledged.
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APPENDIX I. REFERENCES
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Bazant, Z. P., and Bhat, P. D. (1977). "Prediction of hysteresis of reinforced
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Bresler, B., and Bertero, V. V. (1975). "Influence of high strain rate and cyclic
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stress-strain curve of concrete confined in circular steel spiral." Mater, and
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Mander, J. B., Priestley, M. J. N., and Park, R. (1984). "Seismic design of bridge
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Park, R., Priestley, M. J. N., and Gill, W. D. (1982). "Ductility of square-confined
concrete columns." J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 108(4), 929-950.
Popovics, S. (1973). "A numerical approach to the complete stress-strain curves for
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Richart, F. E., Brandtzaeg, A., and Brown, R. L. (1928). "A study of the failure of
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Richart, F. E., Brandtzaeg, A., and Brown, R. L. (1929). "The failure of plain and
spirally reinforced concrete in compression." Bulletin 190, Univ. of Illinois
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Roy, H. E. H., and Sozen, M. A. (1964). "Ductility of concrete." Proc. Int. Symp.
on the Flexural Mech. of Reinforced Concrete, ASCE-American Concrete
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Schickert, G., and Winkler, H. (1979). "Results of tests concerning strength and
strain of concrete subjected to multiaxial compressive stresses." Deutscher
Ausschuss fur Stahlbeton, Heft 277, Berlin, West Germany.

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