Effectively w

confined
core — - ^
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ifU Jm
l?"_"
1/
pf
* mlzzzzm k-tftr^i
fy SECTION Z-Z
Ineffectively
confined 4
core

fz
Cover
concrete Hr-
(spalls oft) br-s'/2
be
SECTION Y-Y

FIG. 3. Effectively Confined Core for Rectangular Hoop Reinforcement

s
K= 2d,
1
(14)

Similarly it can be shown that for circular spirals

s'
1 -
2d,
k„ = (15)
1
The lateral confining pressure may be found by considering the half body
confined by a spiral or circular hoop. If the uniform hoop tension
developed by the transverse steel at yield exerts a uniform lateral stress on
the concrete core, then equilibrium of forces requires that
2fyi,Asp =fisds (16)
where fyh = yield strength of the transverse reinforcement; Asp = area of
transverse reinforcement bar; / , = lateral confining pressure on concrete
and s = center to center spacing or pitch of spiral or circular hoop.
Now if ps = ratio of the volume of transverse confining steel to the
volume of confined concrete core, then
ASpTtds AA
d„s (17)
-rdls

1810

J. Struct. Eng., 1988, 114(8): 1804-1826