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ndin
ng,
Mollecuular SShap
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an
nd M Molecculaar
Polaritty
The Octet Rulee
1. Sttate the octett rule.
2. (aa) Write the n
noble gas notation for the electron configuration of the atoms an nd ions below
w.
Atom or Ion Noble Gaas Electron Co
onfiguration
S
2–
S
Al
Al3++
(b) Write nob ble gas electroon configurattions for the ccations in thee following table.
Group 2A Cations Noble GGas Electron Configuration
Be2+
2
Mgg2+
Ca2+
2
Sr2+
2
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(c) Briefly explain how the noble gas electron configurations of the ions in the table in parts (a) and (b) are
consistent with the octet rule.
3. Predict the ion formed by each of the following elements and write its ionic formula:
Element Ion
Br
Cs
In
Se
Pb
Student’s Name (in ink): A. Instructor's Initials:
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Ionic Bonding
1. Complete the following table by determining the ions formed by each pair of representative elements and the ionic
compound that they form.
Element Symbols Ion Symbols Ionic Compound
Be and O
Ca and Br
K and P
Al and S
2. Complete the following table by writing the formula of each of the following common polyatomic ions next to its
name. The following common polyatomic ions must be memorized (name and formula).
Name Ion Name Ion
Hydroxide Cyanide
Hydronium Phosphate
Ammonium Carbonate
Nitrate Bicarbonate
Sulfate Acetate
Naming Ionic Compounds
3. Describe the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond.
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4. Write the name of the compounds in the table below. Also indicate how many of each atom is indicated by the
molecular formula.
Formula Name # of Atoms
CaO Ca: O:
ZnBr2 Zn: Br:
Fe2S3 Fe: S:
AlPO4 Al: P: O:
MgCl2 Mg: Cl:
Pb(CN)2 Pb: C: N:
Sr3N2 Sr: N:
CoF2 Co: F:
(NH4)3P N: H: P:
BaSO4 Ba: S: O:
5. Write the formulas for the compounds named in the table below.
Name Formula
sodium sulfide
copper(II) fluoride
chromium(III) carbonate
barium phosphide
magnesium acetate
iron(II) nitrate
Student’s Name (in ink): B. Instructor's Initials:
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Covalent Compounds
1. Draw the electron‐dot symbols for the following atoms.
Sodium Sulfur Silicon Phosphorus Bromine
2. Predict the formulas of the covalent compounds formed from the following pairs of atoms: (a) add dots to complete
the Lewis structure of each atom listed as a reactant; (b) draw the Lewis structure of the resulting covalent compound;
the product may contain more than two atoms.
C + H → N + F →
O + O → P + N →
Naming Covalent Compounds
3. Name the following compounds or provide their molecular formula.
Formula Name
carbon tetrafluoride
OCl2
disulfur trioxide
P2I4
Common name:
H2O
Scientific name:
Common name:
NH3
Scientific name:
Student’s Name (in ink): C. Instructor's Initials:
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Lewis Structures of Molecules and Polyatomic Ions
1. Draw the Lewis structures of the following compounds.
Formula Lewis Structure Formula Lewis Structure
SiCl4 CHBr3
NF3 SeO2
CO2 PI3
NO3– SO32–
Student’s Name (in ink): D. Instructor's Initials:
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Mole
ecular Geom
metry (VSEEPR Theorry)
1. Th
he table below
w is asking qu
uestions abou
ut the Lewis sstructure you drew on the previous pagge. Use your Lewis
strucctures from th
he previous page and the TTable of Mole ure notes to ffill in the table below.
ecular Shapess in your lectu
Approximaate
Formmula Molecular Geo
M ometry 3D Drawing
Bond Angles
SiCl4
NFF3
CO
O2
NO3–
Sttudent’s Nam
me (in ink): E. Instructtor's Initials::
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Electronegativity
1. Classify each of the following bonds as either nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or mostly ionic by placing an X in the
appropriate column. Use electronegativity values if needed, but they won’t be provided for you on quizzes and exams.
You will want to focus instead on electronegativity trends.
Atoms Bonded Together Nonpolar Covalent Polar Covalent Mostly Ionic
Si and Cl
N and F
C and O
N and O
Na and Cl
C and C
2. In the spaces below, rank the following bonds from least to greatest polarity: B—F, C—F, F—F, Li—F, and N—F.
__________ < __________ < __________ < __________ < __________
Molecular Polarity
3. Classify each of the following molecules and polyatomic ions as either nonpolar or polar by placing an X in the
appropriate column. Hint: For the first four, you already determined their geometry and the polarity of their bonds in
the previous two pages.
Formula Nonpolar Polar
SiCl4
NF3
CO2
NO3–
CHBr3
SeO2
PI3
SO32–
Student’s Name (in ink): F. Instructor's Initials:
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Molecular Shape and Polarity Exercise
Introduction:
In this dry lab exercise (“dry lab” = no chemicals = no dress code required), you will be asked to draw Lewis
structures and to use that information to find the molecular geometry and molecular polarity of a series of
molecules. Review your lecture notes and the information on pages 6‐8 of this packet for help with this
exercise.
In Part A, you will complete five practice pages and will be given full credit for completion once you obtain
your instructor’s initials on each page. You are allowed to use any resources available for this portion,
including your lab mates. However, this is a timed exercise (you will have 2 hours) and must be completed in
the lab room. Once you begin the exercise, you cannot leave until you have completed it.
In Part B, you will be given one additional page as a lab quiz. You will be given 20 minutes to complete it. Quiz
Rules will apply, and you are not allowed to use any resources (other than a modeling kit) for this part of the
exercise.
Procedure:
Part A: Practicing with Lewis Structures, Molecular Geometry, and Polarity
1) Tell the instructor you are ready to begin Part A of the lab exercise. They will give you a handout and
enter your start time on your lab report worksheet. This is a timed exercise; you have 2 hours to
complete the practice packet. You are not allowed to take it home or work on it later.
2) For each molecular formula determine the following and enter the information into the provided
tables:
a. Draw the Lewis structure.
b. Build a model of the molecule. The purpose of modeling is to train your brain to make the
connection between a flat drawing and a 3D shape.
• Check out a model kit from the instructor by giving them your i.d. card.
• For the central atom, use a sphere that has a number of holes equal to the number of
atoms and lone pairs attached
• Example: For water (H2O), you should use a sphere with four holes (two atoms, H’s, and
two lone pairs are on the central oxygen atom).
c. State the name of the molecular geometry.
d. List the approximate bond angles.
e. Draw a 3D representation of the molecular geometry.
f. Determine whether the molecule is polar or nonpolar.
3) Have your instructor check your work after you finish each page and initial your lab report worksheet
for each section. When you are finished, have them enter your end time on your lab report worksheet.
Keep the practice pages to help you study for the quiz.
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Part B: Molecular Geo ometry and Polarity Labb Quiz
1
1) Once you u are done wwith Part A, yyou will be ggiven a singlee page (iden
ntical to the pages in Parrt A), but
with neww molecular formulas on n it. You willl have 20 miinutes to commplete the p page, and Q
Quiz Rules
will applly. The only items you wwill be alloweed to have oout are a writing utensil, the quiz page, and a
moleculaar modeling kit (optional). You will b be provided with a perio odic table.
2
2) When yo ou feel you are ready to begin, tell th
he instructorr you are reaady to begin
n Part B of th
he lab
exercise. They will give you the quiz page annd enter youur start timee. You must complete it at the table
nearest tthe instructoor. Hand it in
n immediate
ely once youu have finished so the instructor can n enter your
end timee. (–1 pt perr minute latee)
Questiion: What kind of fish is made
ouut of two
o sodium atoms?
Answ
wer: “2 Naa”
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Molecular Geometry and Polarity Exercise: Lab Report Worksheet
Student Name: _______________________________ Score (out of 25):
Part A
Start time: ___________________ Instructor initials: ______
Part A
End time: ___________________ Instructor initials: ______
Part A: Practicing with Lewis Structures, Molecular Geometry, and Polarity (10 points)
Get your instructor’s initials below after correctly completing each page in Part A. You will receive full credit
for completion (2 pts per page completed). (–1 pt per 5 minutes late)
Page Instructor Initials
p. 1
p. 2
p. 3
p. 4
p. 5
Part B: Molecular Geometry and Polarity Lab Quiz (15 points)
When you feel you are ready to begin, see the instructor and they will give you the quiz page and enter your
start time. You must complete it at the table nearest the instructor. Hand it in immediately once you have
finished so the instructor can enter your end time. (–1 pt per minute late). The instructor will staple your quiz
page to this lab report worksheet.
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Unit 3 Signature Page
When you have completed all the parts of Unit 3 and the Molecular Shape and Polarity exercise, submit this page to the
instructor.
A. Instructor's Initials:
B. Instructor's Initials:
C. Instructor's Initials:
D. Instructor's Initials:
E. Instructor's Initials:
F. Instructor's Initials:
Lab: Part A
Instructor's Initials:
Lab: Part B
Instructor's Initials:
This page is to record your packet/lab completion and will not be returned.
Student Name: Student ID #:
Instructor Signature: Date/Time:
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