Occupational health and safety is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the

safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment.

Relationship to occupational health psychology

Occupational health psychology (OHP), a related discipline, is a relatively new field that
combines elements of occupational health and safety, industrial/organizational psychology,
and health psychology.[2] The field is concerned with identifying work-related psychosocial
factors that adversely affect the health of people who work. OHP is also concerned with
developing ways to effect change in workplaces for the purpose of improving the health of
people who work. For more detail on OHP, see the section on occupational health psychology.
Reasons for Occupational health and safety
The reasons for establishing good occupational health and safety standards are frequently identified as:
• Moral - An employee should not have to risk injury or death at work, nor should others associated with the
work environment.
• Economic - many governments realize that poor occupational health and safety performance results in cost to
the State (e.g. through social security payments to the incapacitated, costs for medical treatment, and the loss
of the "employability" of the worker). Employing organizations also sustain costs in the event of an incident
at work (such as legal fees, fines, compensatory damages, investigation time, lost production, lost goodwill
from the workforce, from customers and from the wider community).
• Legal - Occupational requirements may be reinforced in civil law and/or criminal law; it is accepted that
without the extra "encouragement" of potential regulatory action or litigation, many organizations would not
act upon their implied moral obligations

➢ Resistor-A resistor is a simple component that is deliberately made to be a poor conductor of electricity
➢ Variable Resistor (Potentiometer)- This is similar to a standard resistor except it has an extra terminal.
By twisting a dial or moving a slider the resistance can be varied. It is simply moving the point of contact on
the resistive material which effectively changes the length of material between two contacts. They are often
used for volume control in audio circuits by varying the voltage to another component.
➢ Capacitor-A capacitor simply consists of two metal plates separated by an insulating material known as the
dielectric. There are many types available such as ceramic, Mylar or electrolytic. These terms all refer to the
type of dielectric used as each has its own advantages and disadvantages. A capacitor is essentially an
energy storage device.

➢ Inductor-An inductor in its most simple form is a coil of wire similar to that of a solenoid. These components
can be used in similar ways to the capacitor but with a few major differences. An inductor works in the
opposite way to a capacitor for several reasons.

➢ Transformer-Transformers come in several different forms. The simplest one consists of two inductors (coils)
wound around the same iron coil. The coils are electrically insulated from each other, but the changing
magnetic field in the iron core is used to transfer energy between them. The two coils are known as primary
and secondary coils. The primary coil receives the AC input such as the mains, and the secondary coil
outputs the altered current.

➢ Diode-A diode is a device made from layers of semiconductors like silicon. It acts like a 'one way valve' for
electric current. These are ideal for converting AC currents from transformers into DC for many things such
as charging batteries. Special arrangements of diodes can be used to perform other useful functions when
combined with other components such as capacitors, as seen in a typical Voltage Multiplier. The arrow like
symbol indicates the direction which current can flow through the device.
Passive components-components do not increase the power of a signal. They often cause power to be lost.
Some can increase the voltage at the expense of current, so overall there is a loss o power.
Examples: Resistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes.
Components increase the power of a signal and must be supplied with the signal and a
source of power.
Examples: bipolar transistors, field effect transistor. Vacuum tubes, operational amplifier,

• Vs (depending on their bias)

Nonlinear Passive Components