Operation Manual For Electrical Equipment

Riau 2×110MW Coal-Fired Power Plant
Operation Manual for Electrical Equipment
Project Department in Riau of Indonesia

December 2017
WEEC
Operation Manual for Electrical Equipment of Riau 2x110MW Coal-Fired Power Plant of Indonesia
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. OPERATION MANUAL FOR GENERATORS ......................................................................... 1
1.1. Overview of No. 1 and No. 2 Generators ......................................................................................... 1
1.2. Allowable Operating Mode of Generators ....................................................................................... 2
1.3. Monitoring, Inspection and Maintenance of the Generator in Normal Operation............................ 4
1.4. Disconnection and Shutdown of Generators .................................................................................... 5
1.5. Adjustment, Monitoring, Inspection and Maintenance of the Generator in Normal Operation ....... 5
1.6. Abnormal Operation and Troubleshooting of Generators ................................................................ 7
1.7. Operation Manual for Synchronizing Devices ............................................................................... 10
2. OPERATION MANUAL FOR AUTOMATIC EXCITATION REGULATORS (AVR) ........ 11

2.1. Equipment overview....................................................................................................................... 11
2.2. System Composition Principle ....................................................................................................... 13
2.3. Excitation System Operation .......................................................................................................... 16
2.4. Operation and Inspection................................................................................................................ 18
2.5. HMI ................................................................................................................................................ 19
3. OPERATING MAINTENANCE MANUAL FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS .................. 20

3.1. Equipment Overview and Technical Specification......................................................................... 20
3.2. Allowable Operating Mode of Transformers.................................................................................. 21
3.3. Operation and Maintenance of Transformers ................................................................................. 22
3.4. Maintenance and Inspection of the Transformer in Operation ....................................................... 23
3.5. Power offand Supply Operation of Transformers ........................................................................... 24
3.6. Abnormal Operation and Accident Handling of Transformers....................................................... 25
4. OPERATION MANUAL FOR AC SYSTEM ............................................................................ 26

4.1. 150KV System ............................................................................................................................... 27
4.2. Station service system .................................................................................................................... 27
4.3. Safeguard PC System ..................................................................................................................... 29
4.4. Nonstandard Operating Mode of AC System ................................................................................. 29
4.5. Switching Operation in Normal Operating Mode .......................................................................... 29
4.6. Abnormity and Accident Handling of Station Service System ...................................................... 33
5. OPERATION MANUAL FOR DC SYSTEM ............................................................................ 35

5.1. Overview of DC System................................................................................................................. 35
5.2. Operation and Inspection of DC System ........................................................................................ 37
5.3. WZJJ Microcomputer DC System Insulation Monitor ................................................................... 38
5.4. ZJK-20 Microcomputer Measuring and Control Device ................................................................ 38
5.5. Comparison Table about the Number of Branch Circuits and Load Name Displayed on the
Microcomputer Insulation Monitor ................................................................................................. 38
5.6. Abnormal Operation and Handling ................................................................................................ 38
6. OPERATION MANUAL FOR UPS SYSTEM .......................................................................... 40

6.1. System Overview ........................................................................................................................... 40
6.2. Technical Parameters of UPS System ............................................................................................ 41
6.3. Operating mode .............................................................................................................................. 43
6.4. Equipment and Operating Instructions ........................................................................................... 43
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6.5. Fault Diagnosis and Handling ........................................................................................................ 53
7. OPERATING MAINTENANCE MANUAL FOR DIESEL GENERATORS......................... 54

7.1. Overview of Diesel Generators ...................................................................................................... 54
7.2. Operation of Diesel Generators ...................................................................................................... 55
7.3. Common Abnormities and Handling of Diesel Generators ............................................................ 58
8. OPERATION MANUAL FOR MOTORS ................................................................................. 59

8.1. Allowable Operating Mode ............................................................................................................ 59
8.2. Power off& Supply and Startup ..................................................................................................... 60
8.3. Inspection and Maintenance ........................................................................................................... 62
8.4. Abnormal Operation and Troubleshooting Measures ..................................................................... 62
9. OPERATION MANUAL FOR RELAY PROTECTION AND AUTOMATIC DEVICES .... 63

9.1. General Operating Requirements of Relay Protection and Automatic Devices ............................. 63
9.2. Maintenance and Inspection of Relay Protection and Automatic Devices in Operation ................ 64
9.3. Relay Protection for Electrical Elements ....................................................................................... 65
9.4. Protection for HV Motors............................................................................................................... 68
10. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION UNITS 68

10.1. Equipment Overview and Technical Parameters ............................................................................ 68
10.2. Operating Mode, Maintenance and Inspection ............................................................................... 69
10.3. Abnormal Operation and Accident Handling ................................................................................. 70
11. TROUBLESHOOTING MEASURES OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ..................................... 71

11.1. General Rules for Measures of Electrical Faults ............................................................................ 75
11.2. Abnormal Operation and Troubleshooting of the System .............................................................. 77
12. REGULATIONS ON FIRE PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT................... 80

12.1. General Rules ................................................................................................................................. 80
12.2. Firefighting Methods for Electrical Equipment.............................................................................. 81
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Preface
Note: This Manual is formulated in accordance with existing agreements about equipment
technologies and some collected information. Any inconformity with the equipment
on site is only for reference in preliminary engineering work. Some imperfection
still exists, so this Manual shall be improved continuously via further information
collection and experience accumulation after entering the site.
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1. Operation Manual for Generators

1.1. Overview of No. 1 and No. 2 Generators
1.1.1. Equipment overview
1.1.1.1. No. 1 and No. 2 generators are QF-110-2 air-cooled turbine generators manufactured by
Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd. and as well as three-phase two-pole synchronous
generators. The type indicates as follows:
QF- indicates turbine generator
110- indicates rated power of 110MW
2- indicates 2-pole
1.1.1.2. This type is dragged directly by the steam turbine; it is clockwise in the view of steam end.
This type of turbine generators adopts the closed air circulation cooling system to fulfill air
surface cooling of stators and rotors.
This type of turbine generators adopts self-shunt excited static excitation mode.
1.1.2. Basic technical specification
Type QF-110-2
Rated power 110 MW
Rated capacity 129.4 MVA
Rated voltage 13.8 kV
Rated current 5414.2 A
Factor of rated power (lag) 0.85
110MW long-term continuous
Leading phase operation capacity (advancing 0.95)
operation
Rated rotating speed 3000 r/min
Rated frequency 50 Hz
Number of phases 3
No-load excitation current If0 532.8 A
No-load exciting voltage Uf0(75℃) 75.9 V
Rated excitation current IfN 1248.1A
Rated exciting voltage UfN(100℃) 244.3V
Short circuit ratio 0.55
Efficiency ≥98.5%
Cooling method Closed circulation air cooling
Stator wiring YY
Number of outgoing feeder 6
Insulation class F
Shaft vibration amplitude under rated rotating speed
Vertical ≤0.025mm
Horizontal ≤0.025mm
The shaft vibration value (P-P) at rated rotating speed
Vertical ≤0.076mm
Horizontal ≤0.076mm
Excitation mode Self-shunt excited static excitation
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1.1.3. Temperature measuring device and temperature limit

1.1.3.1. The stator core and coil temperature measurer of generator use the products in conformity with the
national standard. All the temperature measurers are platinum thermostats with PT100 graduation
number. The used thermal resistors are double-split insulated thermal resistors. The number of
temperature measuring points of measuring core and coil accords with actual demands. To prevent
damages of temperature measurers, some spare points are provided and indicated in the drawing.
All temperature measurers are connected to the junction box.
1.1.3.2. Positions of temperature measurers

a) To measure the temperature of stator winding and core of a turbine generator, the stator coil and
core are embedded with thermal resistors. Embedding technologies of thermal resistors ensure
accurate temperature measurement and long-term reliable working. Each thermal resistor is
separately connected to a terminal of junction box.
b) Each bearing outlet of the turbine generator is equipped with a thermometer measure oil
temperature. This thermometer shall be oil resistant and shock resistant (the thermometer at each
bearing inlet is installed on the main pipe and uniformly provided by the supporting steam turbine);
besides, a view window is equipped on the outlet tube; thermal resistor PT100 shall be installed on
each bearing bush.
1.1.3.3. The temperature measurement requirements for the generator and other parts
a) According to actual measurement demands, the stator coil and core are provided with thermal
resistors.
b) At least 1 local thermometer shall be installed on the maximum temperature point of each end
cover and stator casing.
c) A Pt100 platinum thermostat is respectively installed at the air inlet and outlet of a gas cooler.
1.1.3.4. Temperature limit
Stator winding (RTD embedded) ≤120℃

Stator core (RTD embedded) ≤120℃
Rotor winding (resistivity method) ≤110℃
Bus rings (thermometer method) ≤120℃
Bearing bush (RTD embedded under the bearing alloy) ≤90℃
Scavenge oil (RTD embedded) ≤70℃
1.1.4. Ventilation cooling system

The generator adopts closed air circulation cooling system: The stator coil and core fulfills indirect
air cooling (external cooling); and the rotor coil fulfills direct cooling (internal cooling). Five air
coolers are horizontally installed in the pit underneath the generator frame. They are efficient coolers
with maximum working hydraulic pressure of 0.3MPA. The cooling water temperature shall be no
more than 38℃, and the air cooling temperature shall be no more than 46℃.
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1.1.5. Moisture-proof electric heater

The generator is equipped with an electric heater. In shutdown, the electric heater shall be started to
enable the internal temperature to be higher than ambient temperature in order to prevent the
generator from damping. When the relative humidity of internal air is less than 50% or the
temperature reaches to 60℃, shut down the heater. Do not start the heater when the generator is
running.
1.2. Allowable Operating Mode of Generators

1.2.1. Under rated frequency, rated voltage, rated power factor and rated cooling medium, the rated
power for continuous output of generator terminal is 110MW and corresponds with rated output
of steam turbine.
1.2.2. Allowable operating mode in air temperature change: When the inlet air temperature is higher
than 40℃, apparent power of the generator shall decrease correspondingly; when the inlet air
temperature increases by 1℃ in the range of 40-45℃, the allowable value of stator current is
1.5% less than its rated value.
1.2.3. Under rated power factor and in the voltage change range of ±5% and frequency change range
of ±2%, the generator can output rated power continuously.
1.2.4. The generator shall operate under the frequency of 50Hz; the change range is ±0.2 Hz; the
maximum deviation shall be no more than ±0.5 Hz.
1.2.5. The generator is capable of bearing overload in short time.

1.2.5.1. The stator winding cannot suffer from any harmful deformation in the following short-time
overcurrent operation.
Overcurrent time (s) 10 30 60 120
Rated stator current (%) 226 154 130 116
1.2.5.2. The excitation winding is capable of bearing the following short-time overvoltage.
Overvoltage time (s) 10 30 60 120
Rated exciting voltage% 208 146 125 112
1.2.6. The generator can operate asynchronously in loss of excitation. When the excitation system is
faulty, the generator can operate for no less than 15min asynchronously and stably when the
condition of electrical network allows.
1.2.7. Leading phase operation capacity: The generator can operate continuously with rated capacity
when the leading phase power factor (advancing) is 0.95.
1.2.8. The generator is capable of peak load regulating operation. The allowable number of startup
times is no less than 1000 without any harmful deformation.
1.2.9. The load change rate of generator is in conformity with that of steam turbine. (Load up rate is in
the range of 50-100% MCR of no less than 5%/min, and it’s no less than 3%/min below
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1.2.10. Under no-load and rated voltage, the line voltage waveform aberration of generator stator
winding is no more than 5%.
1.2.11. The telephone harmonic factor of generator is no more than 1.5% (all harmonic waves in the
range of rated frequency-5000 HZ).
1.2.12. The generator shall be provided with effective technical measures to prevent harmful shaft
current and shaft voltage. The steam end shaft of generator is grounded and provided with the
means measuring shaft voltage during operation.
1.2.13. Allowable vibration value of each part of the generator
1.2.13.1. The bearing pedestal of generator is set with the position of vibration pickup for easy
installation of shaft vibration monitor. The components of its vibration pickup are supplied by
the supporting steam turbine factory.
1.2.13.2. The natural vibration frequency of generator stator frame enclosure, end cover and coil end
keeps away from fundamental frequency and frequency multiplication and is out of the range
of ±10%.
1.2.13.3. Critical speed keeps away from ±15% of rated rotating speed; when the speed is ±100r/min
less (more) than critical speed, vibration values of bearing pedestal and shaft are less than the
1.2.13.4. Under rated rotating speed, vibration value of bearing pedestal (dual amplitude) is no more
than 0.025 mm. vibration value of the journal (dual amplitude) is less than 0.076 mm.
1.2.13.5. When the operation is stable and fast exceeding critical speed, vibration value of the shafting
(dual amplitude) is no more than 0.075mm.
1.2.14. Design of gas coolers: When 1 cooler cannot be used due to some fault, the generator can
operate continuously under 70% of rated power and cannot exceed allowable temperature rise.
1.2.15. During normal operation of the generator, three-phase currents of stators shall be equal. When
three-phase currents are asymmetric, the allowable continuous unbalanced current of generator
shall be no more than 5% of rated value, and the current of any phase shall be no more than
rated value.
1.2.16. The temperature limit and temperature rise limit of each part of generator stator and rotor are in
conformity with the relevant standard and no lower than IEC standard (see Engine Manual for
details).
1.2.17. The drain oil temperature of generator bearing is no more than 70℃, and maximum temperature
of bearing bush metal is no more than 90℃.
1.2.18. Regulations on insulation resistance
1.2.18.1. After repair of the generator or before startup upon over 72h standby application, measure the
insulation resistance of generator stator coil, rotor coil and excitation circuit, etc.
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1.2.18.2. The insulation resistance of generator stator winding is measured with a 2500V tramegger and
shall be more than 100MΩ (the measured insulation resistance shall be adjusted to the value
under 40℃ according to IEEE43); or the value shall be no less than 1/5 of former one or
absorption ratio is no less than 1.3 times under the same temperature and humidity condition.
If the value falls to 1/3-1/5 of previous measuring result, find out the cause; after
troubleshooting, the set can be started.
1.2.18.3. Insulation resistance of rotor winding shall be measured with a 500V tramegger; when the
temperature is in the range of 10℃-30℃, insulation resistance value shall be no less than
1MΩ. Before measuring insulation, the one-point ground protection strap of generator rotor
shall be disconnected and then applied after finishing measurement.
1.2.18.4. Ground insulation resistance of measuring element of the generator shall be no less than 1MΩ
in cold state. (The maintenance staff measure with a 500V tramegger.)
1.2.18.5. If insulation resistance value of some measured object is not in conformity with the specified
value, effective measures shall be taken to repair it; if fails, chief engineer shall determine
whether the generator can be put into service or not.
1.3. Monitoring, Inspection and Maintenance of the Generator in Normal Operation
1.3.1. Startup preparation of the generator
1.3.1.1. End the electrical work permits related to primary and secondary circuits of the generator and
dismantle all safety measures set for repairing.
1.3.1.2. Conduct an overall external inspection for the equipment in primary and secondary circuits
and excitation circuit to make conformity with the relevant specifications. Measure the
insulation of each part of the generator and recover the fixing barrier, warning board and
nameplate.
1.3.1.3. Make an operation test of the generator and ensure correct operation.
1.3.1.4. The cooling system of generator operates normally.
1.3.1.5. Operate as follows after receiving the command of shift leader:

a) Put the protection strap of generator into application.
b) Put DC power sources for operation and insulation monitoring of the generator into application.
c) Put the neutral point disconnecting link of generator into application.
d) Put the high and low voltage fuses of potential transformer of the generator, mini air switch and
disconnecting link into application.
e) Switch on the disconnecting link at AC side of rectifier cabinet.
f) Switch on the AC power switch of the fan of rectifier cabinet to start the fan.
g) Install power DC fuse of field suppression switch and excitation power source fuse.
h) Put DC control source and AC power source of excitation regulator cabinet to start the fan of
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excitation regulating cabinet.

1.3.2. Startup and parallel operation of the generator
1.3.2.1. After the above operation, the generator can be started and speeded up. Once the generator
rotates, it has carried voltage, so any person must not work in the stator and rotor circuits.
(Except for the persons prescribed in Electrical Safety Manual)
1.3.2.2. In the first startup upon overhaul and installation of the generator, inspect vibration of the set
and bearing when the rotating speed reaches to the first critical speed. If there is no abnormity
in any part of the generator, speed up to rated speed.
1.3.2.3. When rotating speed of the generator is raised to 1500 revolutions per minute, operate as
follows:
a) The generator exciter sounds normal and the set vibration is no more than the allowable value.
b) The carbon brush is free of blocking and bounce; the spring pressure is uniform;
c) Inspect the temperature of each part to make sure it’s no more than allowable value.
1.3.2.4. When rotating speed of the generator is raised to 3000 revolutions per minute, the generator
can speed up to rated voltage; inspect the generator stator and rotor circuits to ensure there is
no ground connection.
1.3.2.5. Adjust voltage and frequency of the generator to be qualified to those of the system. The
generator is incorporated into the system via a synchronizer.
1.3.2.6. After incorporating the generator into system, the steam turbine operator adjusts active power,
and the electrical operator regulates reactive load of the generator.
1.3.2.7. During boosting of the generator, rotor current for rated no load voltage of the generator stator
shall be no more than 10% of rated rotor current; otherwise, reduce voltage immediately and
check the rotor circuit to find out the cause; after troubleshooting, boost it again.
1.4. Disconnection and Shutdown of Generators
1.4.1. Disconnection and shutdown of a generator shall be conducted as follows:

a) Reduce active and reactive loads of the generator; reduce its active load to zero and reduce
reactive load to 2-3MVar.
b) Open main switch of the generator.
c) Reduce the generator stator voltage to zero;
d) Disconnect the field suppression switch of generator.
e) Inspect three-phase position indicator of main switch of the generator indicates the position
“Split”; SF6 pressure is normal; open the disconnecting link on the outlet of generator.
1.4.2. After disconnecting, the generator will be standby; when it is repaired in power off, the
following devices and disconnecting link shall be disconnected:
a) Open the disconnecting link of potential transformer of the generator and remove its high and low
voltage fuses;
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b) Disconnect the disconnecting link for excitation rectifier cabinet of the generator.
c) Stop operating the fan of rectifier cabinet and disconnect its AC power source (stop operating the
fan after 15-min disconnection of the generator);
d) Remove power DC fuse for MK switch.
e) Stop operating the fan of excitation regulator cabinet and disconnect DC and AC power source of
the excitation regulator cabinet and rectifier cabinet.
f) Stop using the protection strap of engine
g) Disconnect DC power sources for operation and insulation monitoring of the generator.
1.5. Adjustment, Monitoring, Inspection and Maintenance of the Generator in Normal

Operation
1.5.1. After starting synchronization of the generator, growth rate of active load depends on the steam
turbine; but the stator current shall be no more than 50% of rated current. In hot state, increase
speed of generator stator and rotor current isn’t limited. (When the temperature of generator
stator coil or stator core is above 55℃, it is hot state).
1.5.2. When one cooler is out of service, the generator may carry 70% of rated road. However, please
be noted that temperature rise of each part of the generator is no more than the value under rated
working condition; and there are no other abnormities.
1.5.3. The operator on duty shall carefully monitor indication of the generator meter during operation,
monitor active power and adjust reactive power according to the command of shift leader.
Voltage and frequency of the generator and temperature rise and the parameters of each part
shall be in conformity with this Manual.
1.5.4. Active power of the generator is adjusted by the steam turbine operator on duty; adjustment of
reactive power and stator voltage shall be subject to Operation Manual for the Self-adjustment
Excitation Device (AVR). When reactive power is adjusted, the generator stator voltage, rotor
current and stator current shall be no more than the values prescribed in this Manual.
1.5.5. Inspect the generator as follows during operation:

a) The temperature and temperature ruse of each part of the generator shall be no more than
allowable values prescribed in the manual.
b) Each part of the generator shall be clean.
c) Vibration of the generator shall be no more than the specified value, and the running sound is
normal.
d) All junctions of generator conductor are free of overheating.
e) There is no foreign matter around all conductors, and the warning board is complete.
f) Feeding water pressure of air cooler of the generator is normal; water temperature conforms to the
specification, and the cooling water capacity is regulated by the operator through controlling
opening of the valve.
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1.5.6. The carbon brush and slip ring shall be inspected as follows:
a) Each carbon brush is free of sparks and pressure is uniform.
b) The brush holder of carbon brush is free of bounce and blocking.
c) The copper pigtail of carbon brush is complete and free of broken line; contact is tight and firm
without heating.
d) The brush holder is free of deflection and 2-3mm away from the surface of slip ring.
e) The carbon brush isn’t too short and is free of damages.
f) The surface of slip ring is smooth and clean without any dirt of powdered carbon.
g) The brush holder and brush carrier shall be clean and free of short circuit and ground connection.
1.5.7. The running excitation system is inspected as follows:

a) Connection of electrical element in main circuit is free of loosening; and the junction is free of
overheating.
b) The disconnecting link for excitation circuit is in good contact and free of overheating; the
excitation cable is free of overheating.
c) The field suppression switch is in good contact and free of overheating.
d) All leads in the field suppression disk are connected well; screws are tight; and the diverter is free
of overheating.
e) The fan of rectifier cabinet runs normally and is well-ventilated. The silicon elements in the
cabinet connect to the busbar well, and the silicon controlled rectifier is free of overheating.
f) The cooling fan in the regulating cabinet runs normally.
g) The regulator outputs normal voltage and current.
h) Inspect whether the device operates normally or not in terms of the items prescribed in Operation
Manual for the Self-adjustment Excitation Device (AVR).
i) The excitation transformer runs normally.
1.5.8. When the generator is running, the disconnecting link in excitation circuit cannot be opened
with voltage, regardless of what exciting mode.
1.5.9. Maintenance of the generator in shutdown

a) Drain cooling water in the cooler fully.
b) When the humidity is no less than 50%, open the electric heater to prevent the generator from
damping. (Please be noted that internal temperature of the machine shall be no more than
60℃).
1.5.10. Daily maintenance of electric brush

Before starting the generator or after replacing the electric brush, inspect the contact surface
between the electric brush and bus ring; the contact surface shall be above 70% of total area of
electric brush.
Pay attention to the followings in replacement of carbon brush during operation:
a) The operator shall be in ground insulation;
b) The operator shall not touch conductive parts at two poles at the same time.
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c) Carbon brushes in different brands and types cannot be used at the same ring.
1.5.11. Post-fault inspection

When the generator suffers from a serious fault (e.g. three-phase short circuit, two-phase short circuit,
single-phase ground short circuit or serious asynchronous switching-on), carefully inspect the
generator stator winding and rotor, including
a) Whether the stator frame is displaced on the base or not.
b) Inspect tightness of the stator end winding. Inspect whether the end winding bandage, bracket and
ring lead, etc. is loose or not.
c) Inspect whether the oil deflector and bearing bush is damaged or not.
d) Inspect whether the pin for rotor coupling is deformed or not.
e) As for asymmetric short circuit, inspect the surface of rotor, especially inspect whether there is
negative sequence burn on the faying surface of retaining ring.
1.6. Abnormal Operation and Troubleshooting of Generators
1.6.1. Asynchronous paralleling of the generator:
1.6.1.1. Faults:
a) The generator generates large impact current.
b) The turbine generator vibrates intensely.
1.6.1.2. Troubleshooting measures:

a) If the turbine generator is free of obvious noises and vibration, it may not be stopped.
b) If impact current is very large, and the machine body vibrates intensely, disconnect the generator
immediately.
1.6.2. The temperature of generator itself exceeds the allowable value:
1.6.2.1. Faults:
a) The temperature measuring device gives out alarm signals.
b) The value indicated by temperature indicator exceeds the specified value.

a) Notify I&C staff of inspecting whether some temperature measurer is in open circuit or not and
whether the leads are connected well or not.
b) If the inlet air temperature of generator exceeds the specified value, contact the steam turbine
operator to regulate the intake pressure and flow of gas cooler in order to decrease air temperature.
c) Reduce reactive power of the generator; but the frequency shall be no more than 0.95 and the
voltage shall be no less than 10% of rated value.
d) If the above measures are invalid, contact the dispatcher to reduce active power.
1.6.3. Overload operation of the generator:
1.6.3.1. Faults:
a) Stator current exceeds rated value and the signal “overload” is given.
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1.6.3.2. Troubleshooting measures

a) If the system voltage is normal, reduce excitation current of the generator and reduce reactive
power of the generator; but power factor shall be no more than 0.95, and the voltage shall be no
less than 10% of rated value.
b) If the generator voltage is less than 10% of rated value, reactive power cannot be reduced; handle
it according to the regulations on accident overpowering and report it to the shift leader to reduce
active power.
c) If malfunction of automatic excitation regulating system (AVR) causes overpowering of stator,
switch AVR to the operating mode “constant current”.
1.6.4. Close main steam stop valve, and then the generator operates as a motor:
1.6.4.1. Faults:
a) The operation board of generator gives out the signal “main steam stop valve closed”.
b) The active power meter indicates zero.
c) The stator voltage and indications of excitation circuit meters are normal.
d) Stator current decreases.
e) Frequency decreases a little.

a) According to the above, “program tripping low power” protection is activated, and the
generator disconnects automatically for field suppression. Upon confirmation by the shift
leader, reset the relevant control handle and inspect the generator circuit and operate it to
standby mode.
1.6.5. The outlet switch of generator trips automatically, and the field suppression switch fails to trip:
1.6.5.1. Faults:
a) Main switch of the generator is flashing,
b) Active, reactive and stator current of the generator is close to zero; rotor current and voltage
decreases, and stator voltage rises.

a) Inspect the protection operation.
b) Inspect whether outside of main switch is normal or not.
c) If there is no protection operation, inspect whether main switch is normal or not; if not, contact the
shift leader to incorporate the generator into power network immediately.
d) If the line is faulty to cause back-up protection operation, the inspection may be ignored; after
troubleshooting, incorporate the generator into the system again.
1.6.6. Measuring protection for the generator uses PT circuit for disconnection:
1.6.6.1. Faults:
a) The alarm window “generator voltage circuit disconnection” on the control panel of generator is
bright.
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b) The voltmeter of generator indicates lower value or zero.

c) Active and reactive wattmeters of the generator indicate lower values or zero.
d) Frequency meter of the generator indicates abnormally.
e) The watt hour meter of motor rotates slowly or fails to rotate.
f) The stator ammeter and rotor ammeter of generator indicate normally.
1.6.6.2. Measures:
a) Stop using LV blocking over current protection for the generator, field loss protection, loss of
synchronism protection, program tripping low power and inverse power protection strap
immediately.
b) Do not adjust active and reactive power of the generator, but contact the steam turbine operator to
monitor thermal power system and keep the generator in normal operation.
c) Inspect whether MCB on secondary side of PT trips or not.
d) Inspect whether all parts of PT voltage circuit are in good contact or not.
e) Open the disconnecting link at HV side of this protective PT and inspect whether the fuse at HV
side is normal or not; if not, replace it.
f) The voltage indication is normal; after blackout, apply the above disconnected protection strap.
1.6.7. When the automatic excitation regulator of generator is running, the excitation regulator uses PT
circuit for disconnection:
1.6.7.1. Faults:
a) The alarm window “generator voltage circuit disconnection” is bright.
b) The automatic excitation regulator (AVR) of generator automatically switches to another PC
adjusting device to operate

a) Determine the circuit with broken line according to the alarm and indication of automatic
excitation regulator.
b) Inspect whether MCB on secondary side of PT trips or not.
c) Inspect whether all parts of PT voltage circuit are in good contact or not.
d) Open the disconnecting link at HV side of the PT and inspect whether the fuse at HV side is
normal or not; if not, replace it.
e) The voltage indication is normal; after blackout, inspect whether sampling value of AVR is
normal or not.
1.6.8. During operation, insulation of excitation circuit is lower:
1.6.8.1. Faults:
a) The generator panel gives out the audible and visual signals “one-point rotor ground”.

a) In case of high-constant value rotor ground protection operation, make a detailed inspection
for all excitation circuits, clear the slip ring and brush carrier of generator and restore
12
insulation. If the disposal is invalid, enhance monitoring and inspecting and report to the shift
leader.
b) In case of low-constant value rotor ground protection operation, protect startup program and
tripping program; after closing the main steam stop valve, the generator also trips.
c) After tripping of the generator, prepare for repairing rotor circuit.
1.6.9. The generator loses excitation or lacks of excitation.
1.6.9.1. Faults:
a) The stator ammeter of generator indicates lower value or zero.
b) The stator voltage of generator dips and stator current increases and exceeds normal value.
c) Active indication of the generator decreases and is lower than normal value, and also swings.
d) The varmeter of generator indicates backward.

a) After activating field loss protection, dispose it as an accident and begin tripping operation.
b) If field loss protection fails to be activated, disconnect the generator immediately.
c) If the generator in underexcitation (leading phase operation), start “low excitation limit’ and keep
the generator operating in low excitation limit. Contact the shift leader to monitor active power
(reduce active power if necessary) and increase reactive power; at this moment, find out the cause
and remove it; if the cause cannot be found, switch to “constant current” excitation mode to
operate and remove underexcitation operation of the generator. If excitation increase is invalid, the
generator still operates in leading phase, and contact the shift leader to disconnect the generator.
1.6.10. Open circuit at secondary side of current transformer:
1.6.10.1. Faults:
a) In case of open circuit of meter circuit CT, the stator ammeter indicates zero; the active and
reactive wattmeters of generator indicates lower values, and the watt hour meter rotates slowly.
b) If open circuit of CT happens in the differential protection circuit, the audible and visual signals
“differential circuit disconnection”.
c) Open circuit of CT happens in automatic excitation regulator circuit and the auto parts of regulator
outputs abnormally.
d) There is smoke and sparks at the position with open circuit.

a) In case of CT open circuit of differential circuit, stop using differential protection immediately.
b) In case of CT open circuit of the regulator, switch to the excitation mode “constant current”.
c) In case that CT open circuit is caused by loose current terminal screws of terminal board, stand on
the insulating platform and tighten the current terminal screws with a well-insulated driver.
d) If the position with CT open circuit closes to primary equipment, contact the shift leader to shut
down.
1.6.11. Internal ignition of the generator:
13
1.6.11.1. Faults:
a) There are abnormal noises in the generator, and the end covers at both sides is smoking and
gives out burning smell.

a) Disconnect emergently and cut off excitation.
b) Put out fire according to the regulations on fire fighting.
1.6.12. In case of the following situations, shut down the generator emergently:
a) The generator is smoking and catching fire.
b) Endanger personal safety.
c) The generator excitation system suffers from some serious fault.
d) The generator vibrates seriously.
1.7. Operation Manual for Synchronizing Devices
1.7.1. Equipment Overview of Synchronizing Devices
1.7.1.1. Paralleling operation among generators and among electric power systems can improve
reliability of power supply and power quality and strengthen stability of power grid.
Paralleling operation among generators and among electric power systems is realized by
means of synchronizing devices.
1.7.1.2. No. 1 and No.2 generators are respectively provided with automatic quasi-synchronizing
devices manufactured by NR Electric Co., Ltd. These automatic quasi-synchronizing devices
are featured with automatic identification of object and synchronization nature; besides, it is
provided with phase-angle and voltage difference arising from automatic wiring of main
transformer, so there is no need for any corner transformer.
1.7.1.3. The device can make self-check on time during operation. It gives out alarms and prompts in
words in case of malfunction. After inputting PT signals at both sides of paralleling point, the
device will lose power supply and give out alarms.
1.7.1.4. The generator shall be excited before paralleling; the generator can be paralleled into the
system provided that the conditions for quasi-synchronization paralleling are satisfied: The
same phase position, frequency and voltage and qualified phase sequence.
1.7.2. Operating requirement of quasi-synchronizing devices
1.7.2.1. The newly installed or repaired synchronizing device can be used when the relay protection
operator inspects and confirms proper wiring.
1.7.2.2. During synchronous parallel operation, voltage, frequency and other parameters of two
systems (operating and to be paralleled) shall be in strict accordance with the conditions for
“quasi-synchronization”; only in this way closing pulse can be given.
14
1.7.2.3. In use of a synchronizing device, stop using it once any abnormity is found; and report to the
shift leader and notify maintenance staff of handling.
1.7.2.4. The synchronizing device can make self-check on time during operation. It gives out alarms
and prompts in words in case of malfunction.
1.7.2.5. To prevent characteristics of each element of synchronizing device from changing, any work
causing serious vibration cannot be done nearby the panel of synchronizing device.
1.7.2.6. Quasi-synchronizing paralleling of the generator:

a) Quasi-synchronizing synchronization of the generator is completed via DCS operating system.
b) When rotating speed of the generator reaches to 3000 revolutions per minute and the generator
stator voltage reaches to rated voltage, power on DCS to start the synchronizing device.
c) The synchronizing device regulates voltage and cycle of the generator to be paralleled
automatically to ensure conformity with those of system.
d) The synchronizing device selects the optimum synchronizing point automatically to give out
switch-on signal so as to parallel the generator with the system.
e) The synchronizing device has manual synchronizing function.
2. Operation Manual for Automatic Excitation Regulators (AVR)
2.1. Equipment overview
2.1.1. No. 1 and No. 2 generators use IAEC-2000 automatic excitation regulator (AVR) manufactured
by Wuhan Hongshan Electric Technology Co., Ltd.
2.1.2. No. 1 and No. 2 generators adopt self-shunt excited excitation system for excitation; its exciting
energies originate from the excitation transformer at the generator terminal. The self-shunt
excited excitation system regulates voltage and reactive power of generator terminal via control
of field current; the field current is regulated by the excitation regulator controlling silicon
controlled Rectifier Bridge. IAEC-2000system mainly consists of the regulator, HMI, external
interface, power cabinet, field suppression and overvoltage protection and excitation transformer,
etc. (See the functional block diagram of system)
15
Operation Manual for Electrical Equipment of 2x110MW Coal-Fired Power Plant in Riau of Indonesia
Functional block diagram of excitation system
16
2.2. System Composition Principle
2.2.1. Excitation system: Provide the excitation winding of synchronous generator with the system or
device used to establish DC of electromagnetic field. The excitation control can realize the
following purposes:
a) Control constant generator voltage and stabilize generator voltage.
b) Set the adjustment rate to ensure reasonable distribution of reactive power of the generator.
c) Improve the stability of generator operation.
d) Improve stability of electric power system through controlling additional PSS.
2.2.2. IAEC-2000 excitation system consists of six parts including excitation regulator, power rectifier,
field suppression and rotor overvoltage protection circuit, exciting unit, measuring potential
transformer, current transformer and excitation transformer. Its functional block diagram is
shown as the above diagram.
2.2.3. The excitation transformer adopts the three-phase dry-type transformer with insulating resin; its
capacity can satisfy the demands of the generator in various working conditions of forced
excitation and generators; the dry-type transformer is provided with an enclosure, a fan and a
temperature controller. HV side is equipped with 2 sets of CT, 5P40/0.5; and LV side is
equipped with 2 sets of CT, 5P40/5P40.
2.2.4. The silicon controlled rectifier at LV side of generator terminal excitation transformer are two
sets of separate controllable rectifiers. Both sets are for standby application each other and
switch automatically. Each set’s capacity satisfy the excitation requirements of the generator in
various working conditions; the voltage-sharing coefficient of silicon controlled rectifier is no
less than 0.9, and current-sharing coefficient is no less than 0.9. The silicon controlled rectifier
uses advanced elements and is provided with sufficient current margin and backward voltage
withstanding capacity and equipped with the fault detection function of silicon controlled
elements and alarm function.
2.2.5. The excitation system is equipped with the exciting device which is provided with remote
operation and automatic exit; it adopts DC220V excitation. The exciting capacity shall ensure
the generator can excite successfully and reliably within specified period. When rotating speed
of the generator reaches to 95% of rated speed, switch on the field switch of generator excitation
winding and excitation contactor; when on-load voltage of the generator reaches to 25% of rated
voltage, excitation characteristics shall be completed reliably. When on-load voltage of the
generator reaches to 40% of rated voltage, the exciting device shall be out of service
automatically.
2.2.6. The excitation system is provided with self-regulation and remote manual regulation, interfaces
for measurement and remote signal monitoring and hard-wired and communication interfaces
with ASS and DCS.
17
2.2.7. The static excitation system is provided with AC power source for two sets of silicon controlled
rectifier rectifiers and disconnecting link at DC output side.
2.2.8. 2.2.8 Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) is PC type and featured with reliable performances. It
adopts industrial PC and is characterized by fine adjustment and improvement of transient
stability of the generator. The amplification factor, time constant, reference voltage, feedback
signal and other parameters are indicated clearly; the automatic voltage regulator is provided
with overexcitation limit, overexcitation protection, low excitation limit and other additional
modules. Also, it is provided with the interface used to connect to PC control system and the
capabilities of online display and parameter alteration.
2.2.9. To guarantee reliable working of the voltage regulator (AVR), two sets shall work at the same
time; their full capacities are for standby application each other. When one set is faulty, it can
cut off automatically without prejudice to normal working of the other one. Besides, the separate
manual excitation regulator is prepared for standby application; the manual excitation regulator
can track automatically; manual regulation is provided with necessary monitoring indication.
When the automatic excitation regulator is faulty (including when feedback signals of generator
terminal voltage disappear), switch to the manual device automatically, and the manual device
can switch to automatic device. All switches ensure the generator to operate normally without
disturbance.
2.2.10. The rectifier cabinet applies the reliable low-noise fan for air cooling. The noises of rectifier
cabinet shall be no more than 70dB (1m away from the cabinet surface). There are 3 parallel
branches of rectifying device. When 1/3 of all branches are out of service, the requirements of
various working conditions including forced excitation shall be satisfied.
2.2.11. AVR is provided with good anti-jamming capability and can run normally and continuously
under ambient temperature of -5℃ - +40℃, and also can run normally and continuously under
monthly mean maximum relative humidity of 90% in the most humid month and mean
minimum temperature of 25℃ in this month.
2.2.12. AVR is added with voltage, reactive power, power factor, electric power system stabilizer and
other automatic regulating units.
2.2.13. Effects of the electric power system stabilizer (PSS):

a) Improve static stability of the electric power system;
b) Improve dynamic stability of the electric power system;
c) Damp low frequency oscillation of the electric power system
2.2.14. Soft excitation control

Soft excitation can prevent generator terminal voltage from overranging in exciting. When the
excitation receives the command of startup, excite and boost; when generator terminal voltage is
more than 30% of rated value, the regulator will increase the set value gradually with adjustable
speed to boost the generator to the preset value; the preset value is set via debugging software and
18
is generally set with no-load rated value.
2.2.15. Protection
To ensure reliable running of excitation system, the system is embedded with several limit functions.
The limiter is used to enable the generator to run within allowable range to prevent relay protection
operation and affect continuous working of the generator. This device provides the limit functions
as follows:
a) Overexcitation control
Including: Maximum excitation current limit quitted and inverse time excitation current limit.
b) Underexcitation limit
PQ limit is underexcitation limit and is used to enable the generator not to exceed the stability
limit. Calculate and judge whether underexcitation exists according to the limit curve or not. If
underexcitation exists, set an underexcitation limit mark, and meanwhile drive the
underexcitation control program to rise reactive power to allowable value.
c) V/Hz limit
Calculate the ratio of V/Hz; if the ratio is more than some set value, set a V/Hz limit operation
mark and drive V/f control program to decrease the generator terminal voltage to enable V/Hz
to be equal to set value. Once the frequency is decreased to 42.5HZ, the command of inversed
field suppression is given.
d) Quit limit of power cabinet
i. Judge whether some power cabinet quits and the number;
ii. If some power cabinet quits, set a power cabinet quit and number mark.
2.2.16. Power cabinet
2.2.16.1. The power cabinet mainly consists of:

a) Thyristor units (silicon elements + radiator)
b) FTF with contact indication
c) Pulse transformer with high withstand voltage value
d) Centralized blocking type protection device
e) Fans for standby application each other
f) Air pressure node, used for monitoring startup and shutdown of the fan
g) Intelligent control panel of power cabinet
h) Pulse power amplifiers of power cabinet
i) LCD with touch keys
j) Current sensor
k) Temperature measuring resistor, used for detecting air temperature
2.2.16.2. Pulse amplification

The pulse generated by pulse forming circuit is delivered to the power rectifying unit after primary
amplification and then delivered to the control electrode of silicon controlled rectifier after
secondary amplification of power rectifying unit (each power unit is provided with its own pulse
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amplification circuit).
2.2.16.3. Power unit

This system consists of two sets of rectifier bridges in parallel. If one set of rectifier bridges is out
of service due to some fault, the excitation system guarantees normal operation of the generator set
in various working conditions.
2.2.17. Field switch

This switch can enable the generator to cut off excitation in the most serious accident. In case of
emergency shutdown, the magnetic field energy is released to the field suppression resistor via its
main contact (field suppression contact); auxiliary contact of the switch indicates the real-time state
of switch.
2.2.18. Field suppression

In normal shutdown, adopt the inversed field suppression; in emergency shutdown, use ZnO
nonlinear resistance field suppression.
2.2.19. Exciting circuit

IAEC-2000 excitation system adopts two exciting modes: The set residual voltage excitation and
external auxiliary power source excitation. Residual voltage excitation can be started and quitted
via function keys on HMI of the regulating cabinet.
Residual voltage excitation. During exciting, input end of thyristor rectifier bridge can work
normally with only voltage of 10V-20V. If voltage is less than 10V~20V, the thyristor rectifier
bridge will be triggered continuously (working mode of diode) to reach to this value. However, the
residual voltage value of set shall not be too small in exciting, otherwise, continuous conduction of
the thyristor cannot be maintained; therefore, an external auxiliary power source is required.
When residual voltage excitation is failed within 10s, the excitation system can start an excitation
circuit of external auxiliary power source automatically. This excitation circuit of auxiliary power
source aims at reaching to 10V-20V required in normal working of the rectifier bridge. When the
generator terminal reaches to 10% of rated voltage, the excitation circuit will quit automatically;
and the soft excitation process will be started immediately to enable the generator terminal voltage
to reach to the preset value. The whole excitation process and sequence control is realized via LOU
plate of the regulator; the soft excitation process is controlled by main CPU program of the
regulator.
The excitation circuit of external auxiliary power source only needs small exciting current.
Generally, when rated excitation current is less than 2000A, auxiliary exciting current is no more
than 20A.
The excitation circuit of external auxiliary power source includes the air switch, excitation
contactor, steering diode and current limiting resistor. The excitation contactor is controlled by the
regulator. The steering diode is used to realize reverse blocking of exciting power source in order to
prevent overvoltage of rotor circuit from returning to external DC system during exciting;
meanwhile, it can rectify AC exciting power source into DC power source. The current limiting
20
resistor is used to limit exciting current of auxiliary power source so as to avoid damages of
external DC system arising from large current.
2.2.20. Monitoring and protection
2.2.20.1. Monitoring and protection in software

TV fault: TV faults are determined by two-point measurement. If the difference between two
signals exceeds a definite value, PT fault will be determined; the regulator is switched from
constant voltage operation to constant current operation.
Synchronizing signal fault: The system executes logical analysis for the value of real-time
synchronizing signal monitored to determine whether it is faulty or not.
Over current protection: Inverse time over current protection and instantaneous over current
protection.
2.2.20.2. Other types of monitoring and protection

The power cabinet can fulfill various monitoring functions as follows:
a) Trigger pulse monitoring
b) Conduction monitoring of silicon controlled rectifier
c) Condition monitoring of FTF
d) Condition monitoring of fan
e) Position monitoring of fan switch
f) AC overvoltage protection
AC overvoltage protection includes the resistor and capacitor in parallel with each silicon
controlled rectifier and the piezoresistor circuit connecting to AC side of rectifier bridge used to
absorb voltage spike of silicon controlled rectifier.
g) DC overvoltage protection
This circuit named CROW-BAR is used to detect positive and negative pressure of excitation
circuit and absorb overvoltage of rotor circuit in order to protect rotor winding.
h) Temperature monitoring of excitation transformer
When the transformer winding is overheated due to over current and short circuit, etc. of the
excitation transformer, the temperature monitor will give out alarms or tripping signal.
2.3. Excitation System Operation
2.3.1. Control and display
2.3.1.1. Remote control

The operation of control room can be valid only in the mode “remote control” on the interface.
2.3.1.2. Command list

The simulator has the following commands:
2.3.1.3. Field suppression switch fling/cut

If there is no tripping signal, the command “fling” switches on the field suppression switch; and the
21
command “cut” switches off the field suppression switch and cuts off excitation.
2.3.1.4. Excitation fling/cut

The “excitation fling/cut” and “field suppression switch fling/cut” are controlled separately, so
misuse of field suppression switch will fling or cut off excitation.
The field suppression switch shall be in the position “fling”; only in this way excitation can take
real effect; if the conditions are satisfied (the rotating speed of generator reaches to the preset range),
the command “excitation fling” will fling excitation and the generator voltage will be built within
several seconds. The command “excitation cut” cuts off excitation and the power cabinet will
operate in contravariant mode to suppress field energies.
2.3.1.4.1. Selection of operating modes

The excitation regulator is provided with six operating modes including constant voltage, constant
current, constant reactive power, constant power factor, AGC reactive power, AGC power factor.
The default mode is operating mode of constant generator terminal voltage.
In terms of the principle, six operating modes can switch at any time; any generator terminal
voltage or reactive power fluctuation cannot be generated in switching, except for the following
circumstances:
a) When some fault occurs in constant voltage operation, switch to constant current operation
automatically. Before troubleshooting, constant voltage and other four operating modes cannot be
returned.
b) When field current breaks, the spare channel doesn’t track active channel immediately, so the
channel switch can restore the pre-fault running value when it is faulty. For the above cause, the
channel tracking shall be slower. If smooth channel switch is required, delay it properly.
c) When the generator is running in no-load state, the excitation regulator isn’t allowed to switch to
constant reactive power mode, constant power factor mode, AGC reactive power mode and AGC
power factor mode. Only when the generator breaker GB is closed, such modes can be switched.
Note: Constant current regulation is only applicable to excitation current without all limit functions.
Therefore, the operator shall pay close attention to generator excitation when it is running in
constant current mode.
2.3.1.4.2. Magnetic increase/decrease command

In constant voltage mode, magnetic increase/decrease command is used to vary the set value of
generator voltage artificially. In no-load state, this operation changes generator voltage; in load state,
this operation changes reactive power. When the limit function is activated, the corresponding limit
will invalid magnetic increase/decrease command.
In constant reactive power and constant power factor modes, magnetic increase/decrease command
can change reactive power or power factor of generator output artificially to enable it to operate
constantly at the set value.
In constant current mode, magnetic increase/decrease command changes the set value of filed
current. In no-load state, this operation changes generator terminal voltage; in load state, this
22
operation changes reactive power. In constant current mode, operate carefully and don’t exceed the
limit of the generator and excitation, because the limiter cannot be activated in constant current
mode.
When the set value reaches to maximum or minimum value, operation of magnetic
increase/decrease command cannot change the set value.
2.3.1.4.3. Display of control room

The control room includes the following analog value signal indications.
a) Exciting voltage Uf
b) Excitation current If
Except for the above, there are the following indications and alarms
a) Operating state indication
b) Fault alarm signal of excitation device
c) Emergency signal of excitation device
d) Operating mode indication
Reflect what operating mode the excitation system is in.
e) Fault alarm signal
When the relevant limiter of excitation device is activated, continued operation is allowed, but
dynamic response of excitation system goes bad at this moment.
If any fault occurs in the excitation system, the fault alarm signal will be given. If this signal
appears, the operator shall notify the maintenance staff of timely troubleshooting according to
the fault display on LCD of excitation screen. If the system doesn’t run, excitation shall not be
input in any fault.
f) Emergency signal of excitation device
If there is an excitation accident signal in the excitation system, this excitation device has
failed in normal operation.
2.4. Operation and Inspection
2.4.1. When excitation is input, breakers of the following power sources shall be in the position of
input.
a) The breaker for DC220V operating power circuit;
b) The breaker for AC220V operating power circuit;
c) The breaker for backup power circuit of fan;
d) The breaker for main power circuit of fan;
e) The breaker for 24V power circuit;
f) The breaker for synchronizing signal circuit;
g) The breaker for 24V power circuit of rectifier cabinet
h) The breaker for fan power circuit of rectifier cabinet;
i) The breaker for 24V power circuit of field suppression switch cabinet
23
2.4.2. The following conditions shall be satisfied before exciting:

a) No equipment is repaired at the same time;
b) Control equipment is ready;
c) The generator sets are ready;
d) The generator reaches to rated speed;
e) The device is free of any alarm or fault;
f) Excitation is in the position of cut-off;
g) Excitation is in the position of remote operation;
h) Excitation is in the mode of constant voltage regulation.
2.4.3. Excitation in service

a) Switch-on of field breaker;
b) Excitation is in service, and the generator will build up voltage within 5-20s;
c) The generator voltage is regulated via excitation increase/decrease command, and the system
prepares for synchronization;
d) After synchronization between the system and generator, switch on the generator breaker;
e) Adjust reactive power to expected value via excitation increase/decrease command.
2.4.4. Monitoring and control

In case of any system fault, the system can realize automatic detection and automatic alarm without
human inspection. The system is equipped with redundant system, including excitation regulation,
logical operation, power rectification and other system redundancies, so tripping may not occur in
some fault. In case of overexcitation/underexcitation, the system will return to the regulating range
respectively through excitation decrease and increase.
2.4.5. Inspection in running:

In the control room:
a) No limiter is activated
b) Main and standby regulating channels are not faulty
c) No rectifier cabinet is faulty and quits
d) Excitation current, generator terminal voltage and reactive power are stable
e) Current excitation operating mode
f) There is no alarm signal
g) The power cabinet is well-ventilated
h) There is no unexpected noise
2.4.6. Excitation cut-off

a) Reduce reactive and active power and disconnect the generator breaker;
b) Cut off excitation and reduce generator terminal voltage to zero;
c) Cut off the field breaker (if required).
2.4.7. Emergency trip

Once the excitation communication network is faulty, emergency tripping of field breaker is
24
allowed from a distant place or on the site.
2.5. HMI
This excitation regulator uses the all-in-one tablet PC with full-screen touch function as HMI. It is
provided with the user-friendly 3D Chinese interface to provide the operator with easy operation.
3. Operating Maintenance Manual for Power Transformers
3.1. Equipment Overview and Technical Specification
3.1.1. Equipment overview of transformers
2 main transformers (three-phase dual-winding on-load voltage regulating and energy-saving type),
2 HV house service transformers (three-phase dual-winding excitation-free voltage regulating), 1
starting/standby transformer (three-phase dual-winding on-load voltage regulating and energy-
saving type) and 1 town transformer are installed in this project.
3.1.2. Technical specification for the transformer

Rated capacity: 125MVA
Rated voltage and tap range: 170±8X1.25%/13.8kv
Main transformer:
Wiring group: YN .d11
Impedance voltage (positive sequence): 14%
HV house service Rated voltage and tap range: 13.8±2X2.5%/6.3kv

transformer: Wiring group: D. yn1
Impedance voltage (positive sequence): 10.50%
Starting/standby Rated voltage and tap range: 150±8x1.25%/6.3kv

transformer: Wiring group: YN.yn1
Rated voltage and tap range: 150±8x1.25%/24kv

Town transformer:
Wiring group: YN .d11
All excitation transformers (1000KVA), LV house service

transformers (2000KVA), common transformers (1000KVA), coal
handling transformers (1250KVA), ash handling transformers
(800KVA), Jetty transformers (630KVA) installed in main power
house are dry-type transformers.
25
3.2. Allowable Operating Mode of Transformers
3.2.1. Rated operating mode
3.2.1.1. The transformer can run according to the specification on the nameplate under the prescribed
cooling conditions.
3.2.1.2. During operation, the allowable temperature of an oil-immersed power transformer shall be
inspected in terms of top oil temperature; top oil temperature of oil-immersed forced-air
cooled transformers is generally no more than 85℃, and the minimum temperature is no more
than 95℃; temperature rise of oil level is generally no more than 50℃.
3.2.2. Allowable overload
3.2.2.1. The transformer is allowed to run with normal overload and emergency overload; and top oil
temperature and temperature rise shall be no more than allowable values. When the
transformer suffers from large defects (e.g. fault of cooling system, serious oil leakage and
abnormal chromatographic analysis), overload operation isn’t allowed.
3.2.2.2. The transformer can run with normal overload and emergency overload. It can be used
frequently with normal overload. As for the oil-immersed self-cooled and oil-immersed
forced-air cooled power transformers, allowable value and time of normal overload is subject
to the following table if its load rate is unknown:
Prior to overload, the allowable overload duration (h-min) when

Overload temperature rise (℃) of top oil is the following value
multiple
17° 22° 28° 33° 39° 44°
1．0 Continuous operation

1．05 5～50 5～25 4～50 4～00 3～00 1～30
1．1 3～50 3～25 2～50 2～10 1～25 0～10
1．15 2～50 2～25 1～50 1～20 0～35 --
1．20 2～05 1～40 1～15 0～45 -- --
1．25 1～35 1～15 0～50 -- --
0～25
1．30 1～10 0～50 0～30 -- -- --
1．35 0～55 0～35 0～15 -- -- --
1．40 0～40 0～25 -- -- --

--
-- -- --
1．45 0～25 0～10 --
-- -- --
1．50 0～15 -- --
3.2.2.3. The allowable emergency overload values of oil-immersed self-cooled and oil-immersed
forced-air cooled power transformers are subject to the following table:
26
The ratio of emergency overload 3

20 45 60 75 100
and rated load (%) 0
Allowable overload duration
480 120 60 45 20 10
(min)
3.2.2.4. As for an oil-immersed forced-air cooled power transformer, its cooling equipment shall be in
service with normal and emergency overload.
3.2.3. Paralleling operation of transformers shall be in conformity with the following conditions:
a) Their voltage ratios are equal, and allowable phase difference is within the range of ±0.5%;
b) The short circuit voltage is equal, and allowable phase difference of short circuit voltage is
within the range of ±10%;
c) The coil wiring groups and phase positions are the same;
d) Its capacity ratio is no more than 3:1.
If transformers with different short circuit voltage are in paralleling operation, secondary voltage of
the transformer with large short circuit voltage shall be increased properly to make full use of the
capacity of transformers in parallel.
3.3. Operation and Maintenance of Transformers
3.3.1. Insulation monitoring of oil-immersed transformers
3.3.1.1. Before putting a repaired transformer into service, the insulation resistance and absorption
ratio of coil-to-ground and phase-to-phase shall be measured.
3.3.1.2. If coil voltage class of a transformer is 6KV or above, use a 2500V tramegger to measure; if
voltage class of a transformer is 400V, use a 500V tramegger to measure. When insulation of
the coil at one phase is measured, other coils shall be grounded in short circuit; after
measuring, discharge electricity to the ground.
3.3.1.3. A transformer can be deemed to be qualified when its insulation resistance is in conformity
with two requirements shown as below:
a) R60/R15 (absorption ratio) > 1.3; R600/60 (polarization index) > 1.5
b) The measured insulation resistance of R60 is converted into the former value under the same
temperature and is no less than 1/5 of former insulation resistance of R60.
3.3.1.4. The formula used to convert the insulation resistance into the value under the same
temperature is shown as follows:
a) If the temperature under which the insulation resistance is measured is lower than the former
one, the formula R′=R÷K is used;
b) If the temperature under which the insulation resistance is measured is higher than the former
one, the formula R′=R×K is used; in the above two formulas:
R: The insulation resistance measured within 60s
R′: The relative value of insulation resistance which is converted to the former one under the
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same temperature.
K: The conversion coefficient is obtained according to the principle in which insulation
resistance is increased by 1.5 times correspondingly when insulation temperature is lowered
by per 10℃.
The value K can be known from the following table:
t 2  t1
5℃ 10℃ 15℃ 20℃ 25℃ 30℃ 35℃
K 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.4 4.1
In the table, t 2  t1 is the “absolute difference” between the temperature under which
insulation is measured this time and former measuring temperature.
3.3.1.5. If the insulation resistance isn’t qualified, report it to the shift leader.
3.3.2. Transformer tap switch
3.3.2.1. When the no-load voltage-regulating transformer switches the voltage tap, it shall be operated
after power off the transformer. To ensure good contact of the tap position in new switch, the
tap shall be rotated for twice respectively forward and reverse and then fixed at the position to
be adjusted.
3.3.2.2. After switching to the new tap position of the no-load voltage-regulating transformer, the tester
shall measure the contact resistance of tap switch; upon confirming qualifying, the transformer
can be used to supply power.
3.3.3. Operation and maintenance of the forced air cooler of oil-immersed transformer
3.3.3.1. The forced air cooler of oil-immersed transformer shall be inspected as follows before putting
it into service upon overhaul:
a) Inspect whether the butterfly valve for oil inlet and outlet manifolds of each cooler unit is open
or not;
Inspect the cooler units group by group:
b) The cooler is free of oil leakage.
c) The fan motor’s rotation direction is correct; the fan blade is free of shell friction; the motor is
free of serious vibration;
d) Main control box of the cooler gives out correct signals; the power switch is well closed; there
is no strong hum.
e) The shunt magnetic switch in the control box of cooler unit is free of jumping.
3.3.3.2. During operation, the oil-immersed transformer quits individual forced-air cooler units as
follows:
a) Stop operation of the fans for this unit of coolers;
b) Close the butterfly valves for upper and lower manifolds of this unit of coolers.
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3.3.3.3. During operation, the in service of oil-immersed transformer individual forced-air cooler units
is as follows:
a) Stop using heavy Buchholtz protection;
b) Open the butterfly valve for upper and lower manifolds of this unit of coolers; (firstly open the
butterfly valve for upper manifold)
c) Open the venting plug at the upper oil collector of this unit of coolers to exhaust; don’t close
the venting plug until the oil of transformer flows;
d) After exhausting air in the cooler units, put the cooling fan into service;
e) If no gas signals are given after 2-hour operation, apply heavy Buchholtz protection.
3.3.3.4. Please keep the electrical safety distance in opening and closing the butterfly valves on the
upper manifold of forced-air cooler units and exhausting the cooler.
3.3.3.5. Operation of the cooler unit of main transformer

a) Switch on the power switch; switch on the power switch for fan motor; switch on DC220V
control source switch.
b) Switch the power selection switch 1KK to the position of “operating source” (“standby
source”); switch the control selection switch 2KK to the position of “local”; and switch the
control selection switch 3KK to the position of “auto”.
c) When the power supply is faulty, the device will switch to another power supply to supply
power automatically and give out the signal “power failure”.
d) When the working fan circuit is faulty, the device will switch to a standby fan to operate
automatically and give out the signal “blast apparatus failure”.
e) When DC220V power switch trips, the device will give out the signal “control supply failure”.
f) When the position of “auto” is selected, the device can start and shut down automatically
according to oil temperature and load current of the transformer.
g) When two power sources are faulty, the device will give out the signal “full shutdown of
cooling equipment”.
h) If the control selection switch 2KK is switched to the position of “remote”, the control
selection switch 4KK needs to be switched to the position of “auto”.
3.4. Maintenance and Inspection of the Transformer in Operation
3.4.1. The running and standby transformers and their accessory equipment shall be inspected
regularly.
3.4.2. General inspection items of transformers:

a) The oil conservator, bushing, radiator, oil tank for the voltage tap regulator, joint surface with
large cover, oil valve, manifold and others shall be free of oil leakage; the oil level and color
shall be normal;
b) The gas relay shall be full of oil; the oil valve shall be open; and the radiator and silica gel
filter valve shall be open;
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c) The bushing of porcelain insulator shall be free of fractures and discharge marks; the moisture
absorbing agent shall be free of discoloration;
d) The transformer temperature shall be normal; no overheat in local part; the sounds shall be
normal; top oil temperature shall be no more than the allowable value specified in the manual;
e) The cooling fan runs normally without abnormal noises, vibration and friction of radiator tube
or air duct;
f) The top cover of transformer is free of foreign matter and each bushing connector is free of
overheat and discoloration;
g) The cable is free of oil leakage and electric discharge;
h) Enclosure earthing wire of the transformer itself is connected firmly.
3.4.3. Special inspection items of transformers

a) In case of strong wind, the lead is free of serious swing or looseness, and the bushing of
porcelain insulator of the transformer and lead is free of foreign matters;
b) After thunderstorm, each part is free of discharge marks. The lead junction is free of water
vapour;
c) In a foggy day, the bushing is free of electric discharge;
d) When air temperature and load changes seriously, inspect the changes in oil level of expansion
tank and oil level of bushing with temperature rise and temperature;
e) After activating the gas relay, inspect immediately.
3.4.4. The oil of a running transformer shall be sampled and analyzed every half a year. The oil sample
of transformer shall be taken from its bottom. The quality standard used to judging oil quality is:
a) Puncture voltage of oil: 35KV
b) tgδ of oil: <2% under 20℃; <7% under 0℃;
c) Acid value of oil: Less than 0.4KOH mg/g oil;
d) Moisture, free carbon and mechanical mixture: None
3.4.5. When oil level of the transformer is low to require oil make-up, the model, origin and oil base of
replenished transformer oil shall be in conformity with those of former oil. If they are in
inconformity and need to mixed, it can be used after testing conformity.
3.5. Power off and Supply Operation of Transformers
3.5.1. Power supply operation of transformers
3.5.1.1. Before power supply of a transformer, inspect and operate it according to the following items:
a) Withdraw the relevant work permits and remove all safety measures set for repair and restore
fixing barriers, warning boards and other permanent safety measures.
b) Measure insulation of the transformer and confirm it is qualified;
c) Inspect and confirm primary system of the transformer has got right;
d) Inspect and confirm the transformer tap is in right position and the top cover is free of foreign
matters;
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e) Inspect and confirm the butterfly valve of transformer radiator is fully open, and rotation
direction of the cooling fan motor of oil-immersed forced-air cooled transformer is right.
3.5.1.2. Fill in the operation order for power supply of the transformer according to the specification.
3.5.1.3. As for a LV house service transformer, charge it only from HV side.
3.5.2. Power off operation of transformers

a) As for normal power off operation of transformers, fill in the operation order for power off
according to the specification.
b) In case of power off a house service transformer, switch to a standby transformer to operate
and stop the operating transformer to operate. (Except for power off auxiliary power busbar).
c) After power off transformers, stop operation of cooling equipment.
3.5.3. Parallel switching operation of house service transformers
3.5.3.1. House service HV or LV transformers are generally switched by means of parallel operation of
switches. Any disconnecting link cannot be used to switch on or cut off transformers.
3.5.3.2. When a standby transformer has been loaded, the operating transformer is switched to a
standby transformer to operate; the overload value of standby transformer shall be within the
range prescribed in the manual.
3.5.3.3. When a LV operating transformer is switched to a standby transformer to operate, please be

noted that the in-phase voltage difference is no more than 10V-12V.
3.6. Abnormal Operation and Accident Handling of Transformers
3.6.1. The accidents in which immediate power off is required:
3.6.1.1. Faults:
a) The transformer casing is fractured;
b) The explosion-proof tube and pressure relief valve injects oil and smoke outwards;
c) Personal electric shock happens;
d) The transformer catches fire and the bushing cracks with explosion.

a) Cut off power supply at either side of the transformer
b) Report to the shift leader;
c) Open the disconnecting link at either side of the transformer;
d) Put out a fire according to the regulations on firefighting;
e) Supply power to the power-off equipment arising here from on the premise of guaranteeing
safety.
3.6.2. The accidents which allow to contact the relevant persons to handle it:
3.6.2.1. Faults:
a) There are strong noises or spark discharge sounds inside it;
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b) Under normal load and cooling conditions, oil temperature of the transformer rises
continuously;
c) The junction becomes hot;
d) The oil level gauge doesn’t display oil level (oil level reaches to the top or falls to zero);
e) The oil quality is not qualified and the oil blackens;
f) The extension-type porcelain insulator
g) The top cover is covered with foreign matters or the bushing is cladded with ice.

a) Report to the shift leader;
b) In switching of house service power, make a good preparation for emergency shutdown if it is
main transformer;
c) When temperature of the transformer is abnormal, inspect whether the oil cooling system runs
normally or not, whether the thermometer is faulty or not and whether the temperature
measuring lead is connected firmly or not. If all the above inspections are normal and the
temperature exceeds the specified value, reduce the load;
d) When the oil level of transformer is lowered to zero, inspect whether oil exists in the gas relay
or not and report to the shift leader; if no oil exists, cut off power to handle it; if there is oil,
wait for handling.
3.6.3. Buchholtz protection operation:
3.6.3.1. Light Buchholtz protection operation:

a) Make an external inspection for the transformer itself; inspect whether oil level and
temperature are normal or not and whether there is oil leakage and injection or not;
b) The gas relay is exhausted. If exhaust is invalid, enhance monitoring the transformer, report to
the shift leader and contact to sample and analyze; the shift leader determines whether
continued operation is allowed or not.
3.6.3.2. Heavy Buchholtz protection operation:

a) No matter the operation is for signal or tripping, if the current system is impacted and the
meter make a reaction, stop using the transformer to inspect immediately and take gas and oil
samples to analyze;
b) Make an external inspection;
c) If the system isn’t impacted heavy Buchholtz protection fails to cause tripping, continue
operating and don’t switch out in hurry; report it to the shift leader and enhance inspecting and
monitoring the transformer;
d) Determine the nature of fault in terms of the gas and oil samples:
e) The colourless, odourless and nonflammable gas is air, which indicates air exists in the
transformer;
f) The white, smelly and nonflammable gas indicates the insulating material is damaged;
g) The yellowish and uninflammable gas indicates the wood is faulty;
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h) The grayish yellow, black and flammable gas indicates flashover occurs or decomposition is
caused by overheat;
i) Take oil sample to analyze whether there is free carbon or not;
j) The oil flash point is over 5℃ more than the former, which indicates the transformer is faulty.
k) When it is analyzed the gas is flammable, cut off power of the transformer to handle;
l) The Buchholtz protection for transformer often gives out signals, the actuation becomes more
and more frequent and the interval becomes shorter and shorter, which indicates some potential
fault exists in the transformer; so cut off power of the transformer.
3.6.3.3. After tripping following Buchholtz protection operation, forced power supply isn’t allowed;
before troubleshooting, don’t put it into service.
3.6.4. Differential protection actuation:

a) The system is free of impact; Buchholtz protection isn’t activated, or external faults caused this
phenomenon; an overall inspection shall be made within protected range, and insulation of the
transformer shall be measured. Notify the relay protection staff to inspect the protection and
secondary circuit, and report to the shift leader. If any problem isn’t found in the above
inspection, the transformer may be charged directly for one time.
b) If differential protection is activated to cause tripping during power supply of the transformer,
only inspect the protection and secondary circuit and confirm they are normal while measuring
insulation before power supply and then charge it for one time.
c) During charging, enhance monitoring whether it is caused by excitation inrush current; in case
of repeat operation, find out the cause and recharge it.
d) If some obvious fault point is found in inspection or Buchholtz protection is activated to give
out the signal, power supply of the transformer isn’t allowed at this moment; also, cut off
power of the transformer immediately and open all disconnecting links at either side of the
transformer.
3.6.5. When tripping of the transformer is caused by misuse of protection or switch, put a transformer
into service immediately.
3.6.6. If main transformer gives out the audible and visual signals of “operating source failure of the
cooler” and “standby power failure”, restore the “operating” or “standby” power source of the
cooler immediately and pay attention of the load of transformer.
4. Operation Manual for AC System
4.1. 150KV System

In this project, main electrical connection for two 110MW generator sets is connected to 150KV
booster station in the station using wiring method of generator-transformer. Fully linked phase
isolated bus connection is used between the generator and main transformer without any switch and
disconnecting link. 150KV outdoor power distribution switchgear adopts one and a half breaker
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(also called three seconds wiring). Power supply for a starting/standby transformer and a town
transformer set in the station is 150KV. In this project, 150KV power distribution switchgear is set
with three complete strings. Incoming line for No. 1 main transformer and No. 1 outgoing line
constitutes the first complete string; Incoming line for SST main and No. 2 outgoing line constitutes
the second complete string; the incoming line of No. 2 main transformer and outgoing lines for
town transformer constitutes the third complete string; outgoing lines of two circuits connect with
150KV local system.
150KV normal operation refers to all switches and disconnecting links set in the device are input.
Its advantage lies in failure and tripping (or repair) of one switch cannot affect operation of other
devices to guarantee reliable power supply, flexible modes and easy use.
Neutral point of the generator is grounded via potential transformer; neutral point at HV side of
main transformer is grounded directly; neutral point of town transformer is grounded directly at HV
side and grounded via resistor at LV side.
4.2. Station service system

Each set is equipped with 1 dual-winding HV UAT and two sections of 6KV busbar for working
section. During normal operation, working power for 6KV system is supplied by HV UAT; the
starting/standby transformer is used as normal startup and shutdown power source and standby
power source for HV UAT.
Neutral point of HV UAT is grounded via low resistance; neutral point of starting/standby
transformer is grounded directly at HV side and grounded via low resistance at LV side; neutral
point of LV house service transformer is grounded directly.
Each set is equipped with two LV UATs which are respectively connected in 6KV working section
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of this set; their capacity is 1250KVA for standby application each other.
Each boiler is equipped with an electrostatic precipitator transformer connecting to 6KV working
section of this set; its capacity is 1000KVA for standby application.
The whole station is provided with two coal handling transformers connecting to the working
section of two sets; their capacity is 1000KVA for standby application each other.
The whole station is provided with two common transformers connecting to the working section of
two sets; their capacity is 1000KVA for standby application each other.
Main power house adopts the supply network where power and lighting repair are combined and
sets PC or MCC bus section for power center in pairs. They are divided into two bus sections by
bus coupler switch; the power for each section of busbar is supplied by a LV transformer; two
transformers are for standby application each other. When the power supply for one transformer is
faulty, operate the bus coupler switch to put another one into service to carry all loads.
4.3. Safeguard PC System

Each set is equipped with a 315KVA emergency diesel generator and two safeguard PC sections. During
normal operation, house service LV working section A and B supplies power respectively. When
safeguard PC section loses the operating source, the diesel generator will start quickly and put two
sections of security loads into service to supply power to the load for safe shutdown of unit and personal
safety.
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4.4. Nonstandard Operating Mode of AC System
4.4.1. If the standard operating mode needs to be changed due to equipment repair, fault or accident
handling, all operating modes to be used are called nonstandard operating modes:
4.4.2. If nonstandard operating modes need to be adopted, the foreman proposes suggestions to the
shift leader and implements according to the scheme determined by the shift leader. In case of an
emergency, the foreman may arrange the operating mode at his discretion and report to the shift
leader afterwards.
4.5. Switching Operation in Normal Operating Mode
4.5.1. General principles for switching operation
4.5.1.1. When the disconnecting link is opened and closed, the breaker must be disconnected and
remove its power fuse firstly.
4.5.1.2. Manual breaker closing isn’t allowed at voltage, but it can be operated under assistance of
maintenance staff in exceptional cases.
4.5.1.3. Electrical tripping or power supply without protective equipment isn’t allowed.
4.5.1.4. Before supplying power, end all relevant repair work permits, dismantle all safety measures
related to repair, restore the fixing barriers and warning boards and make an overall inspection
for each connecting circuit. If the insulation of measuring equipment is qualified, power
supply can be operated according to the technical procedures prescribed in this manual.
4.5.1.5. During operation, if wrong closing of the disconnecting link is found, don’t open this
disconnecting link. Only after making clear the fact and taking safety measures, this
disconnecting link can be opened.
4.5.1.6. During operation, if wrong closing of the disconnecting link is found, don’t open this
disconnecting link before making clear the fact and taking safety measures.
4.5.1.7. Operating range of disconnecting links

a) Switch on the potential transformer and lightning arrester;
b) Switch on the busbar and capacitive current directly connecting to the equipment on busbar
c) Switch on the loop current of no more than 70A in 400V LV system
4.5.2. Switching operation of 6KV system power supply
4.5.2.1. Switch the operating source to standby source

a) Inspect and confirm there are no alarms and blocking signals of switching device in this
section.
b) Start the switching device in this section.
c) Inspect and confirm 6KV busbar voltage is normal; the working power switch is running in
green flash; and the standby power switch is running in red flash.
d) Reset the control switch; the indication state is normal without flash.
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e) Inspect and confirm 6KV switch operation is correct on the site and energy storage is normal.
f) Finish switching.
4.5.2.2. Switch the standby source to operating source

a) Inspect and confirm there are no alarms and blocking signals of switching device in this
section.
b) Start the switching device in this section.
c) Inspect and confirm 6KV busbar voltage is normal; the standby power switch is running in
green flash; and the working power switch is running in red flash.
d) Reset the control switch; the indication state is normal without flash.
e) Inspect and confirm 6KV switch operation is correct on the site and energy storage is normal.
f) Finish switching.
4.5.3. Switching operation of 400V PC system power supply
4.5.3.1. Switching operation of PC busbar from operating source to standby source

a) Power for MCC which power is supplied by this PC busbar shall be supplied by another PC
busbar
b) If necessary, switch or cut power supply by the load which power is supplied by this PC busbar.
c) Disconnect the working power switch of PC busbar
d) The switching device closes PC bus interconnect switch automatically.
e) Inspect and confirm PC busbar voltage is normal.
f) Inspect and confirm the power switch operation is normal on the site and energy storage is
normal.
g) Finish switching.
4.5.3.2. Switching operation of PC busbar from standby source to operating source

a) If necessary, switch or cut power supply by the load which power is supplied by this PC busbar.
b) Disconnect the standby power switch for PC busbar
c) The switching device closes the working power switch for PC busbar automatically.
d) Inspect and confirm PC busbar voltage is normal.
e) Inspect and confirm the power switch operation is normal on the site and energy storage is
normal.
f) Restore standard operating mode of MCC which power is supplied by this PC busbar.
g) Finish switching.
4.5.3.3. Switching operation of 400V system power supply shall conform to the relevant regulations of
“Operation Manual for Relay Protection and Automatic Devices”.
4.5.4. Switching operation of 400V MCC system power supply
4.5.4.1. Manual switching operation of MCC busbar from operating source to standby source
a) If necessary, switch or cut power supply by the load which power is supplied by this MCC
busbar.
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b) Disconnect the working power supply for MCC busbar

c) Switch the power switch for MCC busbar to standby source side
d) Inspect and confirm MCC busbar voltage is normal.
e) Finish switching.
4.5.4.2. Manual switching operation of MCC busbar from standby source to operating source
a) If necessary, switch or cut power supply by the load which power is supplied by this MCC
busbar.
b) Disconnect the standby power switch for MCC busbar
c) Switch the power switch for MCC busbar to operating source side.
d) Inspect and confirm MCC busbar voltage is normal.
e) Finish switching.
4.5.5. Power off and supply of house service busbar potential transformer (PT)
4.5.5.1. Power off 6KV busbar potential transformer

a) Disconnect the corresponding 6KV protection for the power off section
b) Disconnect the out switch for PT LV side.
c) Pull PT trolley to the repairing position.
d) Disconnect secondary circuit plug-in unit of PT trolley.
e) If necessary, remove PT HV fuse.
f) Before power off PT, quit the operation of 6KV power switching device in this section.
4.5.5.2. Power supply of 6KV busbar potential transformer

a) Measure and confirm insulation of PT is fine.
b) Put the fuse for PT HV side into use.
c) Plug secondary circuit plug-in unit.
d) Pull PT trolley to the working position
e) Close the out switch for PT LV side.
f) Inspect and confirm the indication of three-phase voltage to earth of busbar is normal.
g) Input the corresponding protection.
h) After power supply of PT, recover normal operation of 6KV power switching device in this
section.
4.5.5.3. Power off 400V LV PC busbar potential transformer

a) Disconnect DC power switch for control circuit with LV startup and automatic switching
b) Disconnect the out air switch for LV side of PT.
c) Disconnect the disconnecting link and fuse for HV side of PT.
4.5.5.4. Power supply of 400V PC busbar potential transformer

a) Put the fuse and disconnecting link for HV side of PT into use.
b) Close the out air switch for LV side of PT.
c) Close DC power switch for control circuit with LV startup and automatic switching
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4.5.6. Power supply for 6KV trolley type switch cabinet is operated as follows:
a) Inspect the trolley type switch and end work permits related to primary and secondary circuits;
b) Inspect and confirm all parts of trolley type switch cabinet are normal; and there are no foreign
matters on the trolley type switch cabinet bracket;
c) Close the rear cable cover plate of trolley type cabinet;
d) Open the earthing knife-switch of trolley type switch cabinet;
e) Inspect the earthing knife-switch is well opened;
f) Measure and confirm the insulation of trolley type switch cabinet and motor is qualified;
g) Inspect and confirm upper and lower baffles in front side of trolley type switch cabinet are
well closed;
h) Swing the trolley type switch cabinet to the position of “testing” anticlockwise;
i) Inset the secondary plug-in unit of trolley type switch cabinet;
j) Install the power of trolley type switch cabinet and DC operating power fuse;
k) Switch on the energy storage switch of trolley type switch cabinet;
l) Inspect and confirm energy storage of trolley type switch cabinet is normal;
m) Switch the control switch of trolley type switch cabinet to the position of “local”;
n) Test and validate switch-on and tripping of trolley type switch cabinet is normal;
o) Remove the power of trolley type switch cabinet and DC operating power fuse;
p) Inspect and confirm the position indicator of trolley type switch cabinet indicates “separate”
and the mechanism is in the state of separating brake;
q) Switch the control switch of trolley type switch cabinet to the position of “off”;
r) Swing the trolley type switch cabinet to the position of “working” anticlockwise;
s) Install the power of trolley type switch cabinet and DC operating power fuse;
t) Inspect and confirm energy storage of trolley type switch cabinet is normal;
u) Swing control switch for the trolley type switch cabinet to the position of “remote”;
4.5.7. Power off 6KV trolley type switch cabinet is operated as follows:
a) Inspect and confirm the power-off motor of trolley type switch cabinet stops running;
b) Inspect and confirm the watt hour meter fails to run;
c) Inspect and confirm three phases of HV electrified are displayed to be non-electric;
d) Inspect and confirm the position indicator of trolley type switch cabinet indicates “separate”
and the mechanism is in the state of separating brake;
e) Disconnect the energy storage switch of trolley type switch cabinet:
f) Switch the control switch of trolley type switch cabinet to the position of “off”;
g) Remove the power of trolley type switch cabinet and DC operating power fuse;
h) Swing the trolley type switch cabinet to the position of “testing” clockwise;
i) Remove secondary plug-in unit of trolley type switch cabinet;
j) Swing the trolley type switch cabinet to the position of “repair” clockwise;
k) Close the earthing knife-switch according to the requirements of work permit;
l) Inspect and confirm the earthing knife-switch is well closed.
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4.5.8. Power supply for 400V truck-type intelligent switch is operated as follows:
a) Inspect the switch and end work permits related to primary and secondary circuits of the motor;
b) Inspect and confirm all parts of the switch are normal;
c) Inspect and confirm switch on and off indicator indicates “0” and the position indicator
indicates “switch-off”.
d) Measure and confirm the insulation of the equipment waiting for power supply is qualified;
e) Swing the switch to the position of “testing” with the handle;
f) Install the operating and power DC fuses of the switch and input energy storage switch;
g) Inspect and confirm energy storage of the switch is normal and the energy storage indicator is
in the position of “energy storage”;
h) Test and validate switch-on and tripping of the switch is normal, and the switch on and off
indicator displays accurately;
i) Inspect and confirm energy storage of the switch is normal and energy storage indicator
displays accurately;
j) Remove the operating and power DC fuses of the switch;
k) Swing the switch to the position of “switch-on” with the handle;
l) Install the operating and power DC fuses of the switch.
4.5.9. Power off the switch is operated as follows:

a) Inspect and confirm the switch on and off indicator is in the position of “0”;
b) Disconnect the energy storage switch and remove the operating and power DC fuses of the
switch;
c) Swing the switch to the position of “testing” (or “switch-off”) with the handle.
4.5.10. In case of power off 400V MCC panel switch, disconnect the handle switch manually or press
the red button “OFF” to disconnect the switch; and inspect and confirm the switch is well
disconnected.
4.5.11. In abnormal cases, the switch can store energy manually for emergency use. In case of manual
energy storage, place the switch in the position of “testing” or “switch-off”; and remove the
operating and power DC fuses of the switch and disconnect the energy storage switch; after
normal energy storage, swing the switch to the position of “switch-on” with the handle and
install the operating and power DC fuses of the switch if required.
4.5.12. The manual energy storage device of switch is only used in testing and repairing; however, it
can be used in particular cases; the accident of secondary switch-on failure shall be supposed
firstly.
4.6. Abnormity and Accident Handling of Station Service System
4.6.1. PT fuse for 6KV busbar is blown
4.6.1.1. Faults:
a) Activate the alarm and give out the signal of “broken line of 6KV voltage circuit”.
40

a) Block the switching device of the busbar in this section;
b) Determine the fusing phase of insulation monitor;
c) Inspect whether secondary AC fuse is blown or not;
d) Stop using LV protection for the busbar and the relevant compound voltage overcurrent
protection strap;
e) Remove secondary AC fuse;
f) Drag trolley type switch cabinet of PT to the position of “overhaul”;
g) Inspect whether primary fuse is blown or not; if blown, replace it;
h) Pull trolley type switch cabinet of PT to the position of “working”;
i) Install secondary AC fuse of PT;
j) Inspect and confirm the normally closed contact of under voltage protection voltage relay in
this section is open;
k) Add the under voltage protection for busbar and the relevant compound voltage over current
protection;
l) Input the switching device of the busbar in this section.
4.6.2. Fault of 6KV busbar in working section
4.6.2.1. Faults:
a) Give out accident noises
b) The working power switch of busbar trips, the switch is in the mode of green flash and standby
power switch is in the mode of red flash;
c) The busbar voltage indicates to zero and the current of working branch circuit indicates to zero;
d) The operation signal for over current protection for working branch circuit is given, and the
operation signal for over current protection for standby branch circuit may be given.

a) Inspect whether the standby source inputs automatically or not; if it fails to input automatically
and there is no “over current tripping signal of standby branch circuit”, one-time forced
switch-on of standby switch shall be made immediately; if fails, don’t switch on it again; when
there is “over current tripping signal of standby branch circuit”, forced switch-on of standby
switch isn’t allowed.
b) Switch 400V bus section to operate under standby source and restore power supply of the
power switch of tripping MCC or power distribution box;
c) If the busbar fault enables the set not to continue running, contact the shift leader to coordinate
the turbine and boiler division with outage;
d) Cut off power supply for the faulty busbar, inspect the fault point and notify to maintenance
staff and handle it;
e) Restore power supply according to normal operating procedure.
4.6.3. Tripping of LV operating transformer
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4.6.3.1. Faults:
a) Give out accident noises
b) HV and LV switches of the transformer trips, the switch is in the mode of green flash and
standby switch is in the mode of red flash;
c) The relevant protection signals are given;
d) The working busbar voltage may indicates to zero (the voltage isn’t zero when the standby
source starts with interlock successfully; otherwise it is zero).
a) Determine whether the transformer is faulty or not via protection operation. In case of
unsuccessful linkage, one-time forced switch-on of standby switch shall be made immediately;
reset the state of all trip switches, start the tripping MCC power source, cut off power supply
of the faulty transformer, inspect and measure the condition of transformer and deliver it for
repairing.
b) In case that LV busbar is faulty, forced switch-on of standby switch isn’t allowed and stop
power supply for the busbar;
c) If there isn’t any protection operation signal for tripping of the transformer, try to supply
power to the tripping transformer and busbar in order;
d) If operation of the set is stopped due to busbar fault, shut down to handle.
4.6.4. Local operation of LV transformer tripping
4.6.4.1. Faults:
a) The alarm signal is given;
b) Tripping happens to HV and LV switches of the transformer (some flash);
c) The relevant protection is activated to cause dropping of the indicating plate;
d) The busbar voltage disappears.

a) Solutions shall be subject to the fault handling of operating transformers;
b) As for the transformer without standby source, one-time forced power supply is allowed for
the tripping transformer; if fails, don’t do it again, but cut off power to inspect and handle.
5. Operation Manual for DC System
5.1. Overview of DC System
5.1.1. To ensure reliable power supply for the control circuit, relay protection, automatic devices,
switch drive mechanism, emergency lighting and DC oil pump, etc., DC system of this station
adopts 220V and 110V DC power system supplied by China NARI; the accumulators adopt the
lead liquid fixed type valve-regulated sealed lead acid accumulators.
Each set is equipped with a set of 220V DC system to supply power to the control and power
systems of main power house; the single busbar section is used for wiring; and the operating
mode is float charging. The capacity of an accumulator is 800AH; there are two groups of
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accumulators and 104 accumulators per group.
5.1.2. 110V DC system supplies power to DC system of the network relay room; the single busbar
section is used for wiring; and the operating mode is float charging. The capacity of an
accumulator is 300AH; there is one group of accumulators and 52 accumulators per group.
43
44
5.1.3. Main performances of DC package plants
The charging apparatus is controlled by the microcomputer with automatic and separate manual
units; when the automatic control is faulty or repaired, switch to manual control.
DC system adopts the separate online insulation detection and voltage monitor; the microcomputer
insulating apparatus chooses WZJJ series.
The charging apparatus is provided with English LCD, complete protection alarm signal and man-
machine conversation functions.
All DC breakers are provided with quick-break and over current protection functions.
The charger adopts intelligent high-frequency switch type; the fault of any charging module doesn’t
have influences on running of the system; the electric plug is allowed.
Incoming lines of each set of charging/ float charging apparatus adopt dual-circuit main and
standby forms; when the operating source is faulty, the self-contained dual-source switching device
switches to the standby source and mutual blocking automatically.
The charging apparatus runs separately or in parallel; in float charging, equalized charging and
abnormal working conditions of the accumulators, automatic switching can be realized.
Normal float charging of DC system or equalized charging of charging apparatus rise voltage of DC
busbar; and dropping equipment can enable it to fall to the allowable range.
5.2. Operation and Inspection of DC System
5.2.1. The accumulators of 220V DC system runs in the mode of continuous float charging in normal
conditions. No. 1 charging apparatus and No. 1 accumulator connect to No. 1 busbar to operate;
and No. 2 charging apparatus and No. 2 accumulator connect to No. 2 busbar to operate; the
disconnecting link of bus coupler is disconnected for standby application.
The accumulators of 10V DC system runs in the mode of continuous float charging in normal
conditions. No. 1 charging apparatus connects to No. 1 busbar to operate; and No. 2 charging
apparatus connects to No. 2 busbar to operate; two DC busbar sections run to finish float
charging of the accumulators.
5.2.2. The measuring and control device of microcomputer DC system and microcomputer DC system
insulation monitor are put into service to monitor voltage and insulation of DC system.
5.2.3. In normal operation, voltage of 220V DC busbar remains in 230V and can change within the
range of 192.5-247.5V. The voltage of 110V DC busbar remains in 115V and can change within
the range of 96.25-121V.
5.2.4. The output current of rectifier set is within the range of rated value without overload.
Temperature rise of all connecting parts is within the allowable range without overheat,
discoloration and strong electromagnetic oscillation.
45
5.2.5. No open flames in the battery room. During normal operation, the temperature of battery room
remains within 5-30℃; the maximum temperature is no more than 35℃. The battery room is
well-ventilated; room temperature conforms to the requirements; doors and windows are tight
and sealed; lighting is complete; and no stripping is on the wall.
5.2.6. The accumulator and battery cases shall be complete, well-sealed and free of electrolyte leakage;
connections between batteries shall be firm and free of overheat; the polar plate attachment bolt
shall be clean and free of rust and corrosion. The acid and flame proof cap shall be tightened and
not be removed; the connecting terminal and fastenings shall be free of corrosion.
5.2.7. When the microcomputer insulation monitor outputs the grounding signal, find out the
grounding load and fault point immediately and try to remove them as soon as possible.
5.2.8. When the microcomputer insulation monitor is out of service due to some fault or DC system
doesn’t allow parallel operation, it shall be grounded via power off one by one; however,
enhance contacting for the load of the interlock circuit related to the turbine and boiler; cut off
power supply after taking the corresponding measures.
5.2.9. To guarantee the life and capacity of the accumulator, forced charging and discharging or
overcharge and over discharge of the accumulator isn’t allowed except for exceptional cases.
5.3. WZJJ Microcomputer DC System Insulation Monitor

The device detects the voltage to earth of DC busbar and calculates insulation resistance to earth of
positive and negative busbars; when insulation resistance of DC busbar is lower than the set alarm
limit, give out the corresponding lower insulation alarm. Calculate the insulation resistance to earth
by means of detecting the leak current to earth of each power supply branch circuit. When the
insulation resistance to earth of some power supply branch circuit is lower than the set alarm value,
give out the corresponding lower insulation alarm of branch circuit. The operating staff finds out
the fault point and remove it.
5.4. ZJK-20 Microcomputer Measuring and Control Device

ZJK-20 microcomputer measuring and control device can collect the data (DC busbar voltage,
insulation resistance, equalized and float charging of batteries, charging voltage and current and
ambient temperature, charging apparatus, DC output voltage and current) of DC system in real time.
Also, equalized and float charging switching and power on/off the rectifier device can be controlled
to report collected data and various fault alarms to the main control room according to the collected
data and output voltage of the fine-tuning rectifier module. The operating staff can view at any time
via the touch screen on the device and also set various functions and alarm parameters of the
measuring and control device via the touch screen.
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5.5. Comparison Table about the Number of Branch Circuits and Load Name Displayed on the
Microcomputer Insulation Monitor
Insulation 220V 110V
Equipment Insulation Equipment
monitor equipment equipment
number monitor display number
display name name
5.6. Abnormal Operation and Handling
5.6.1. The “extra-high” or “extra-low” busbar voltage
5.6.1.1. Faults:
a) The extra-high or extra-low voltage indication
b) In case of rectifier tripping, give out the audible and visual signal of “rectifier fault”.

a) When the busbar voltage is extra-low, rise the charging rate, restore voltage and inspect the
47
voltage value of batteries. If the busbar voltage is reduced excessively, change the rectifier to
be in the mode of voltage-sharing charging.
b) If the rectifier trips due to the fault of power system to cause over discharge of accumulator
batteries to reduce DC busbar voltage, try to restore power supply for the rectifier quickly or
replace with another rectifier; and meanwhile cut off the power for some minor loads.
c) When busbar voltage is overhigh, adjust the rectifier to restore normal voltage. If the rectifier
is faulty (e.g. overhigh AC and voltage regulation failure, etc.), cut off the power supply for the
rectifier and replace operation with another rectifier.
5.6.2. Accumulator outlet fuse blown
5.6.2.1. Faults:
a) Give out the signal of “accumulator fuse fault” and the corresponding busbar voltage falls.

a) Give out reset sound
b) Inspect and confirm the accumulator outlet fuse has been blown
c) Regulate the output of rectifier and maintain the busbar voltage to enable the busbar voltage to
be equal to the busbar voltage with the same voltage equivalence.
d) Open the disconnecting link for the power supply of storage battery and put the disconnecting
links of bus coupler of two DC busbars into use.
e) Find out the cause for fuse blown and remove it.
f) Install the fuse.
g) Restore normal operation of storage battery, open the disconnecting link of bus coupler and
switch on the disconnecting link of power supply.
5.6.3. Grounding handling of DC system:

a) Determine the grounded system, polarity and the number of detected load branch circuits via
the alarm signals of DC insulation monitor;
b) Select the grounded load branch circuit and find out the grounded load and fault point
(generally using the instantaneous power off method);
c) As for the running DC load (oil pump and so on), the instantaneous power off method may be
used after taking the corresponding measures;
d) As for the load of boiler concerning interlock circuit (coal feeder and so on), the instantaneous
power off method may be used after taking the corresponding measures;
e) As for the load which power supply cannot be cut, select it using the grounding transfer
method;
f) If the microcomputer monitor displays ground connection but fails to detect the grounded
branch circuit, it indicates this busbar is grounded; so make selection for the microcomputer
monitor and remove DC fuses of these devices respectively; if ground connection remains, the
busbar is grounded in itself.
5.6.4. Emergency tripping handling of HF switching power supply:

48
a) Reset the sounds and signals;

b) Disconnect the outlet switch of HF switching power supply;
c) Inspect the discharge current of accumulator and busbar voltage;
d) Start the accumulators for the standby HF switching power supply for float charging and
regulate DC busbar voltage;
e) Inspect the faulty HF switching power supply and remove the fault;
f) Incorporate HF switching power supply into the system again and stop running the standby HF
switching power supply for standby application;
g) If it is caused by the fault of house station power, start to restore house service power
immediately;
h) Once house service power is restored, immediately incorporate HF switching power supply
into the system again and stop the standby silicon controlled rectifier.
5.6.5. If the accumulator catches fire, disconnect the main disconnecting link of accumulator outlet
immediately and put out a fire according to the regulations on fire fighting.
6. Operation Manual for UPS System
6.1. System Overview
6.1.1. UPS system can provide uninterrupted AC power supply to key loads. These loads include: DCS
or PC monitoring, monitoring system, boiler safety monitoring system, digital electro-hydraulic
regulator, steam turbine monitor, steam turbine bypass system, electric metering system and
other automatic and protection devices, etc. After ensuring normal operation of the sets and
power off the whole station, the monitor and PC, etc. still work normally. The uninterruptible
power supply is the direct grounding system with single phase and two wires.
49
6.1.2. In this project, each set is equipped with a set of 60kVA UPS device supplied by Guodian
Nanjing Automation Co., Ltd. This UPS device is used to provide meters, control system, PC
system and other key devices with reliable 200V AC power supply. The normal operating source
of UPS is AC 400/230V without additional accumulators. The emergency power is supplied by
DC system. UPS output is single phase AC220V, 50Hz.
6.1.3. UPS device is inclusive of UPS host cabinet, UPS bypass cabinet and feeder cabinet and mainly
consists of the rectifier, inverter, static bypass switch, manual maintenance bypass switch, non-
return diode, bypass isolation transformer, bypass voltage regulator and feeder screen, etc.
6.2. Technical Parameters of UPS System

6.2.1. Basic feature
System framework type : dual change online

Rated input voltage range: AC380—415V 士 25%
Rated input frequency 50—60HZ 士 10%
Rated output voltage: 220—240V

Rated output frequency 50—60HZ
Rated output power: 60
50
6.2.2. Rectifier
Rated input voltage range: 380—415V 士 25%
Rated input frequency range: 50—60HZ 士 10%
Maximum input current: 92A
6.2.3. Inverter
Allowable input DC voltage range: 165—285V
Rated output voltage and regulate range: 220—240V5%
Rated output frequency: 50—60HZ
6.2.4. Static switch
Rated voltage range; AC173-277V

Rated output frequency: 50-60HZ
6.2.5. Non-Return diode
Rated current: 600A

Rated voltage: 1600V
6.3. Operating mode
6.3.1. Normal operating mode (power supply from main line of the rectifier)
6.3.1.1. In normal operation of UPS, the main line of rectifier supplies power; AC input supplies power
to the rectifier via the matching transformer; and DC output by the rectifier is switched to AC
via the inverter and supplied to the loads.
6.3.1.2. In case of loss of AC power source of the rectifier or faults of the rectifier, UPS system will
automatically switch to DC system to supply power.
6.3.1.3. When the inverter is faulty or overloaded, UPS system will automatically switch to the bypass to
supply power.
6.3.2. Manual bypass operation mode

Manual maintenance bypass allows shutdown of UPS to maintain without affecting to the loads
(without output break). However, operate as “first closing and then opening”.
6.4. Equipment and Operating Instructions
6.4.1. Start sequence: When UPS is required to start and let it in normal operating mode, operate as
follows:
1) Close static bypass input breaker (REVERSE) and output breaker (OUTPUT), now the standby
power indication lamp and system output indication lamp light, standby power outputs to load
via UPS main device static bypass.
51
2) Close rectifier input breaker (RECTIFIER),if UPS device input end correctly connect to electric
power supply, after closing rectifier input breaker (RECTIFIER), rectifier will work, UPS
internal DC busbar voltage gradually rise to rated value.
3) After starting inverter for about 4 seconds, the inverter works stably and it can supply power to
load, after the inverter working stable for about 15 seconds, static changeover switch
automatically changes UPS from static bypass output to inverter output, UPS works at normal
mode.
4) Inspect whether the console indication lamp lights correctly, whether the touch screen indicates
normally.
5) Close DC input breaker (BATTERY), when the external connect battery operates normally and
main device input breaker closes, once the rectifier is in fault or the power supply interrupts, the
external connected battery immediately supplies stable DC power input to inverter.
6.4.2 Shutdown procedure: if UPS is required to stop completely, operate as follows:
1) Stop the inverter, now the static changeover switch automatically changes from inverter
supplying power to load to static switch supplying power to load.
2) Open DC input breaker (BATTERY)
3) After opening DC input breaker (BATTERY) for about 5 seconds, DC busbar electric energy
completely releases.
4) Open static bypass input breaker (REVERSE) and (OUTPUT), UPS output interrupts.
5) When all input power are disconnected, no input for UPS, CRT and all indication lamp lights off,
UPS stops completely.
6.4.3 Change normal mode to repair bypass mode, operate as follows:
1) Stop the inverter, now the static changeover switch automatically changes from inverter
supplying power to load to static switch supplying power to load.
2) Open DC input breaker (BATTERY)
3) After opening DC input breaker (BATTERY) for about 5 seconds, DC busbar electric energy
completely releases
4) Close repair bypass breaker (BYPASS) for about 5 seconds, as the impedance of repair bypass is
low, the static input breaker (REVERSE) is at close state, electric power outputs to load via
repair bypass.
5) Open the static input breaker (REVERSE), after opening this breaker, except for repairing
bypass, UPS is cut off completely.
6) Open output breaker (OUTPUT)
6.4.4 Change from repair bypass mode to normal mode, operate as follows:
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1) Close static bypass input breaker (REVERSE)
2) Close output breaker (BYPASS)
3) After opening repair bypass breaker (BYPASS), electric power supplies to load via static bypass.
4) After closing rectifier input breaker (RECTIFIER), rectifier works, UPS internal DC busbar
voltage gradually raises to rated value, supplies stable DC output to inverter.
5) Close DC input breaker (BATTERY). DC input circuit is allocated with current limiting loop
and protection device quick fuse, when the external connected battery operates normally, and
UPS main device input breaker(BATTERY) closes, once the rectifier is in fault or the power
supply interrupts, the external connected battery immediately supplies stable DC power input to
inverter.
6) After starting inverter for about 4 seconds, the inverter works stably and it can supply power to
load, after the inverter working stable for about 15 seconds, static changeover switch
automatically changes UPS from static bypass output to inverter output, UPS works at normal
mode.
6.5 By use of the indication graphics of the console touch screen, UPS operation state and
parameters can be completely known, main indications of the console touch screen include:
startup interface, rectifier, battery, inverter, static switch, system setting, event record, system
help, etc.
7. Operating Manual for Diesel Generators
7.1. Overview of Diesel Generators

To guarantee safe shutdown of the sets in case of AC power cut, each set is equipped
with a quick diesel generating set (550KVA) as an emergency power source in an AC
accident.
7.1.1. This system mainly consists of engine, generator and control system to achieve manual or
automatic startup and power supply.
7.1.2. Technical parameters

GENERATING SET： ISO 8528
RATED POWER： 550KVA
RATED POWER： 440KW
RATED CURRENT： 836A
RATED VOLTAGE： 380V
RATED POWER FACTOR： 0.8
53
7.2. Operation of Diesel Generators
7.2.1. Startup preparation
7.2.1.1. Clean dust, water stain and iron rust, etc. attached on the set and remove oil stain and ash
scale in the air filter;
7.2.1.2. Make a complete inspection for the whole device; the connection shall be tight; the control
mechanism shall be flexible; the bent axle rotates smoothly without blocking;
7.2.1.3. Inspect whether the cooling system has been full of cooling liquid or not, whether the water
pump is full of absorption water or not, and whether the pipeline is free of leakage or
blocking (including air blocking) or not;
7.2.1.4. Inspect the fuel oil volume of fuel oil tank, open the fuel oil cock, loosen high pressure oil
pump bleed screw to discharge air in the fuel oil pipeline and tighten the bleed screw.
7.2.1.5. Inspect whether the oil level is between two scales of the oil scale or not, and whether there is
enough engine oil in the fuel oil pump and speed governor;
7.2.1.6. Inspect reliability and flexibility of the level of speed governor and rack of oil pump; also,
inspect whether the stopping device is flexible or not;
7.2.1.7. Inspect whether all electrical circuits (including charging and starting circuit) are connected
correctly and well connected;
7.2.1.8. Inspect whether all pipe joint of oil feeding, lubricating and cooling systems, etc. of diesel
engines are free of gas, water and oil leakage;
7.2.1.9. All components and parts in the control panel shall be complete, clean, undamaged and tight;
7.2.1.10. The silicon controlled rectifier is in short circuit remove the ground wire and all joints of AVR;
use a 500V tramegger to measure insulation resistance to earth of primary circuit and rotor
winding; the value shall be no less than 3mge; otherwise, drying measures shall be taken;
7.2.1.11. Inspect and confirm connection between the generator and switchboard is correct; the load is
connected to the control panel via a two way switch and shall be isolated from power network
(the air circuit breaker shall be in short circuit; the terminal U, V and W of the generator are
corresponding with yellow, green and red busbars on the control panel;)
7.2.1.12. Inspect whether all switches of the control panel are in right positions or not; the main switch
shall be in opening position;
7.2.1.13. The pointer of meter (except for frequency meter) shall indicate zero.
7.2.2. Set startup
7.2.2.1. When diesel generator is in normal standby condition, the start mode is self start.
7.2.2.2. At self start or manual mode, diesel generator battery voltage must be higher than 24V,
otherwise the diesel generator cannot be started.
54
7.2.2.3. When safeguard section power loses, diesel generator starts itself immediately, meanwhile the
two-throw switch will close at diesel generator side, enable diesel generator to supply power to
safeguard section, ensure power supply of safeguard not lose.
7.2.2.4. Diesel generator manual start button is allocated on main console, when the safeguard work
power supply loses, and the diesel generator self start is not success, immediately press this
button to start diesel generator to supply power to safeguard section.
7.2.2.5. When the safeguard section power restores, two-throw switch will automatically switch on work
power side,enable the work power to supply safeguard section, diesel generator will stop
automatically.
7.2.3. Set operation
7.2.3.1. Frequently observe the f oil pressure, temperature, water outlet temperature and indicated values
of all meters on the switchboard; the above values shall be within the ranges prescribed in
Operation Manual for Generators;
7.2.3.2. Regularly inspect whether the fuel, engine oil and cooling water capacity is sufficient or not;
7.2.3.3. As for a new set, after 4-hour operation of loads with below 90% of rated power, it can work
under rated power and rated speed;
7.2.3.4. If operating environment of the set exceeds allowable conditions, output power shall be
amended according to the specification;
7.2.3.5. Pay attention to the following matters in running:

Pay attention to the changes in water temperature, oil temperature and oil pressure at any time; if
one of the above is abnormal, shut down to inspect; regularly inspect the storage volumes of fuel,
engine oil and cooling water and cleanliness of cooling water; also, inspect whether the diesel
engine is free of oil, water and gas leakages and other abnormal conditions; observe whether
exhaust color of the diesel engine is abnormal or not (normal exhaust color is steel gray; if it is
mazarine blue or black, shut down to inspect); water, oil or other foreign matters aren’t allowed
to enter the set; three-phase current of the motor shall keep balanced;
7.2.4. Automatic control
7.2.4.1. When electric power faults, or work power loses, it can automatically start diesel generator and
change to dual-throw switch to supply power to safeguard section.
7.2.4.2. When electric power restores normally, it can automatically change over the dual-throw switch,
and stop with time delay, prepare for next self start.
7.2.5. The device possesses manual operation function, manually start and stop diesel generator,
manually close and open main breaker of the distributing panel.
7.2.6. Safe Technical Operation Manual
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7.2.6.1. Any person who is unfamiliar with operation techniques isn’t allowed to operate the diesel
engine.
7.2.6.2. If the startup preparation isn’t ready, the diesel engine cannot be started.
7.2.6.3. Pay attention to fire protection. Open fire cannot be close to the diesel engine set in working.
7.2.6.4. During operation of the diesel engine set, disassembly and adjustment isn’t allowed, and the
operator shall not leave the site.
7.2.6.5. The diesel engine set cannot run in case of zero oil pressure, low oil pressure and internal
abnormal noises. In case of the following circumstances, emergency shutdown shall be operated.
7.3. Common Abnormities and Handling of Diesel Generators
7.3.1. Failure in starting the diesel generator

Phenomenon: No matter manual or automatic start command given, the diesel generator cannot be
started.
Treatment:
1) Inspect whether emergency shutdown button is loose or not, and whether remote shutdown
button up springs or not.
2) Inspect whether the fault indicator lamp is bright or not; if so, handle and reset.
3) Inspect the battery voltage: If there is no voltage, inspect the fuse. If the voltage is low, charge
the battery with another charger or replace the battery.
4) Inspect whether the control circuit or control element is abnormal or faulty or not.
5) Inspect the fuel oil level.
6) Inspect wiring of the fuel oil control solenoid valve and voltage of solenoid valve.
7) Inspect the fuse of engine circuit.
8) Inspect whether the fuel oil pipe and filter are jammed or not.
9) If there is smoke in exhaust system, it indicates the fuel oil has entered the engine; however, the
engine isn’t started; at this moment, refer to the relevant engine instructions to contact the
relevant maintenance staff to handle it.
10) If the above inspections still fail to handle the failure, report to the shift leader to contact
maintenance staff to handle immediately.
7.3.2. Failure shutdown of the diesel due to high water temperature
7.3.2.1. Faults:
The fault indicator lamp “high water temperature alarm” becomes bright.
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1) Inspect whether the diesel generator is overloaded or not.
2) Inspect whether the radiator is jammed or not.
3) Inspect whether the fan of radiator runs normally or not.
4) Inspect whether ambient temperature is too high or not.
5) After cooling the engine, inspect the cooling water level. When the generator isn’t cooled, don’t
feed too much cold water into it.
6) Refer to the relevant engine instructions and contact the relevant maintenance staff to inspect and
handle.
7) Start for 10min in no load.
7.3.3. The diesel generator stops running due to low oil pressure;
7.3.3.1. Faults:
The fault indicator lamp “low oil pressure alarm” becomes bright.
1) Inspect the lubricant level.
2) Refer to the relevant engine instructions and contact the relevant maintenance staff to inspect
and handle.
7.3.4. The diesel generator stops running due to overspeed
7.3.4.1. Faults:
The fault indicator lamp “overspeed alarm” becomes bright.
1) Inspect whether the speed lever of speed governor moves or not; if so, recalibrate it.
2) Refer to the relevant engine instructions and contact the relevant maintenance staff to inspect
and handle.
3) Replace the circuit board.
7.3.5. The diesel generator stops running due to low fuel oil level
7.3.5.1. Faults:
The fault indicator lamp “low fuel oil level alarm” becomes bright.
7.3.5.2. Measures:
1) Inspect the fuel oil level; if required, fill it.
2) Inspect whether the oil level switch is in good condition or not.
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8. Operation Manual for Motors

8.1. Allowable Operating Mode
8.1.1. Rated temperature
8.1.1.1. All HV & LV and AC & DC motors aren’t allowed to exceed rated values marked on the
nameplate in normal operation.
8.1.1.2. In case of continuous rated load and inlet air temperature of no more than 40℃, allowable
temperature rise and maximum temperature of each part of the motor shall be subject to the
following table:
Allowable temperature Allowable maximum

Item
rise (℃) temperature ℃
Stator winding Level A 65 105

& rotor winding Level E 80 120
Level A 65 105
Stator core
Level E 80 120
Sliding 45 80
Bearing
Rolling 60 95
Slip ring 65 105
8.1.1.3. Minimum inlet air temperature of the motor is no less than 5℃, and maximum temperature is no
more than 50℃. As for the motor with ventilating duct, the supply air limit of ventilating baffle
shall be regulated in winter.
8.1.1.4. Inlet water temperature of the air cooler for motor shall be no less than 5℃ to prevent the air
cooler from condensing.
8.1.1.5. If ambient air temperature is more than 40℃, reduce load current of the motor; if ambient air
temperature is less than 35℃, increase load current of the motor; its increase and decrease
values are subject to the following table:
Below
Inlet air temperature ℃ 30℃ 35～40℃ 40℃ 45℃ 50℃
25℃
Stator current increase

＋8 ＋5 Rated －5 －10 －15
and decrease rate %
8.1.1.6. The relation between air temperature and load of the motor for feed water pump is shown as
below:
Inlet air
50℃ 45℃ 40℃ 35℃ 25℃ Below 20℃
temperature ℃
Stator current is
75 87.5 95 100 105 107.5
( )% of rated value
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8.1.2. Voltage, vibration and relative displacement
8.1.2.1. The motor is allowed to operate within the range of +10% - -5% of rated voltage, and its rated
output power remains unchanged. When the voltage is increased by 10%, its current will be
decreased by 10%; the unbalance of voltage between phases shall be no more than 5% of rated
value.
8.1.2.2. Three-phase current unbalance of the motor (AC motor) shall be no more than 10% of rated
value; and any phase current shall be no more than rated value.
8.1.2.3. The vibration and relative displacement of the running motor shall be no more than the specified
values in the following table:
Below
rotating speed (r/min) 3000 1500 1000
750
Vertical vibration (mm) 0.06 0.10 0.13 0.16
Relative displacement (mm) 2～4
8.1.2.4. As for the humid and long standby motors, measure the insulation resistance before startup;
measure their insulation resistance after repair and before putting into service.
8.1.2.5. The insulation resistance of 6KV HV motor is measured by 2500V tramegger; stator insulation
resistance is no less than 6MΩ, and rotor insulation resistance is no less than 1 MΩ. The
insulation resistance of 400V motor is measured by 500-1000V tramegger; the insulation
resistance value shall be no less than 0.5MΩ. Power supply is allowed after confirming
conformity of insulation resistance.
8.2. Power off & Supply and Startup
8.2.1. Power off & supply
8.2.1.1. Power off & supply of the motor shall be operated by the electrical operator on duty upon
receiving the command of shift leader. Pay attention to the following points in operation.
1) Wear the insulating gloves with qualified withstand voltage;
2) The power supply fuse of LV motor cannot be increased at will; fusing current of fuse elements
shall be 2.3-3 times of rated current of the motor, and the capacity of three fuse elements shall be
in conformity.
8.2.1.2. Power off HV motor used to supply power to HV vacuum circuit breakers shall be operated as
follows:
1) Inspect and confirm the vacuum circuit breaker has been disconnected, and the watt hour meter
stops running;
2) Disconnect DC power switch for the vacuum circuit breaker;
3) Pull the vacuum circuit breaker to the position of testing (or repair);
4) Disconnect the secondary circuit plug-in unit of the vacuum circuit breaker;
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5) Disconnect DC operating switch of the vacuum circuit breaker;
8.2.1.3. Pull the vacuum circuit breaker to the position of testing, disconnect the secondary circuit plug-
in unit of the vacuum circuit breaker and disconnect DC power and operating switches of the
vacuum circuit breaker only when repair of the mechanical equipment driven by HV motor
requires power off
8.2.1.4. Operating sequence for power off LV motors:
1) Verify the name and number of the LV motor in power off is correct;
2) When LV motor in power off stops running, measure current of the motor using a clip-on ammeter
to be zero;
3) Disconnect the automatic switch and disconnecting link of LV motor;
4) Disconnect AC fuse and DC fuse (or mini air switch).
8.2.1.5. End all work permits and remove all safety measures after repairing the motor and before
recovering power supply.
8.2.1.6. Power supply for HV motor which power is supplied by HV vacuum circuit breaker shall be
operated as follows:
1) Inspect and confirm all parts of the vacuum circuit breaker are normal, the soft conductive band
isn’t cracked and the trolley porcelain insulator is free of looseness and cracks;
2) Input DC operating source of the motor into service;
3) Plug the plug of secondary circuit and push the vacuum circuit breaker into working position;
inspect and confirm the plug of secondary circuit and isolating plug of the breaker;
4) Input DC power source into service.
8.2.1.7. As for the motor without relay protection or the breaker which fails in electric tripping, power
supply isn’t allowed.
8.2.2. Regulations on startup
8.2.2.1. Normal startup of the motor shall be operated by the mechanical equipment operator on duty. In
exceptional cases, the electrical operator on duty can assist in starting with the consent of the
shift leader and duty principal.
8.2.2.2. Pay attention to the following matters in startup of the motor:
1) More than 2 consecutive startup operations aren’t allowed in normal conditions; additional one
startup is allowed for the motor which starting time is no more than 2-3s or suffers from
emergencies; inspect the motor after startup;
2) After closing the switch, the motor fails to run or the post-startup current fails to return to normal
value, stop operating the motor immediately;
3) If the motor catches fire after startup, stop operating it immediately.
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8.2.2.3. After stopping the motor, restart interval shall be no less than 5min.
8.2.2.4. Pay attention to the following points in startup and shutdown of asynchronous motor with
wound rotors:
1) Prior to startup of the motor, inspect and confirm all rheostats of rotor circuit are put into service;
2) During startup of the motor, remove rotor resistance step by step and increase rotating speed to
rated value;
3) The motor stops running and the switch are disconnected, and then place rotor resistance in the
maximum position for easy startup in next time. When some resistor is incorporated into rotor
circuit, don’t cut off the power for the motor.
8.2.2.5. Startup precautions of asynchronous motor
1) Prior to startup of the motors with large and medium capacity, notify the shift leader and foreman
and take necessary measures to guarantee successful startup of the motor. If several motors share
one transformer, start them one by one from the one with large capacity to the one with small
capacity.
2) Startup of motors shall be operated in strict accordance with the specified starting times and
interval; frequent startup isn’t allowed; reduce starting times as far as possible.
3) When the motor is started, monitor the whole startup process according to the ammeter. After
finishing startup, inspect whether current of the motor exceeds rated value or not; inspect and
adjust the motor itself and carried mechanical loads if necessary.
4) After switch-on, the rotor fails to run or rotor speed is low, sounds are abnormal, the gearing isn’t
normal, the ammeter indication fails to return to normal value within a certain period during
startup acceleration, cut off the power supply immediately to inspect; restart is allowed after
troubleshooting.
5) After startup, smoke, strong vibration or fire occurs in the motor, cut off the power supply and
stop operation; also, notify the maintenance staff to inspect and handle it.
6) As for the newly assembled motor or the motor which is started first time upon repair, please be
noted the direction of rotation shall be in conformity with that marked on the equipment;
otherwise, cut off the power supply and correct it.
8.3. Inspection and Maintenance
8.3.1. The operator on duty who is responsible for mechanical equipment driven by the motor shall
inspect each shift of the motor as follows:
1) Whether current changes within the range of specified value or not;
2) Each part of the motor sounds normal; and temperature is within the prescribed range;
3) Vibration and relative displacement is no more than allowable values;
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4) The bearing oil level is normal, and the oil ring rotates in good conditions;
5) The cable is free of oil leakage; and the fuse and joint aren’t too hot;
6) The grounding wire of enclosure is firm;
7) The peephole glass is complete without drops;
8) The motor is free of abnormal burning smell or smoke;
9) All relevant signal indications and motor control devices are complete and undamaged;
10) As for DC motors, other items shall be inspected, e.g. the electric brush is free of fire, swinging,
blocking and serious wear, etc.; the brush braid shall be in firm contact without shell friction. The
surface of commutator is clean, smooth and free of friction and overheats, etc.
8.3.2. If continuous shutdown of standby HV motors and key LV motors lasts for over 168h, measure
their insulation resistance before startup; firstly cut off the power supply before measuring
insulation resistance; the equipment which insulation resistance isn’t qualified shall be
incorporated into the equipment defect record. (If ambient temperature and humidity conditions
are bad, increase times of measurement properly)
8.4. Abnormal Operation and Troubleshooting Measures
8.4.1. Abnormal Operation and Troubleshooting Measures
8.4.1.1. In case that one of the following circumstances happens to the motor, cut off the power supply
immediately to stop operation:
1) Human injuries happen in electrical circuit and machinery of the motor;
2) There is smoke or fire in the electrical equipment corresponding with the motor;
3) Strong vibration and relative displacement threatens normal operation of the motor;
4) Mechanical parts of the motor are damaged;
5) During operation, beeps appear and rotating speed falls.
8.4.1.2. In case that one of the following circumstances occurs in operation of the motor, start the
standby motor and then stop operating the faulty motor;
1) The motor core temperature exceeds normal value, and it remains unchanged after taking
measures;
2) The bearing temperature rises abruptly, and it remains unchanged after taking measures;
3) Fire threatens;
4) The motor’s insulating paint gives out scorched flavor and sparkles;
5) Serious ring fire happens to DC motor, and it remains unchanged after taking measures;
6) Friction occurs between rotors and stators of the motor.
8.4.1.3. Solutions for automatic tripping of motors
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1) The running motor usually breaks down due to stator circuit, e.g. one phase disconnection,
interlayer short circuit of windings, interphase short circuit of windings or system voltage
reduction exceeding limit causes automatic tripping of the power switch.
2) After automatic tripping of the motor, start the standby motor immediately. If the disconnected
motor isn’t provided with any standby motor or the standby motor fails to be started quickly,
another power supply for the tripping motor is allowed to ensure safety of the turbine and boiler,
except for the following cases:
(1) There is an obvious short circuit or damage on the motor itself, starting regulator of the motor or
power cable.
(2) Human injuries are caused to require shutdown.
(3) The machinery driven by the motor is damaged and unable to run.
8.4.1.4. When the motor fails to rotate in startup and gives out abnormal sounds or the rotating speed is
low, cut off power supply immediately; repeat startup operation isn’t allowed;
1) Inspect the three-phase current and completeness of electrical circuit and contact of switch
contacts;
2) The electric brushes and slip rings of stator & rotor circuits are in good contact;
3) If any abnormity isn’t found through the above inspection, notify of maintenance staff.
8.4.1.5. Possible causes for bearing temperature of the motor exceeding normal value:
1) Whether the bearing and bearing bush are worn or not;
2) Whether the bearing center is deflected or not;
3) Whether the oil quality is clean or not and whether the oil volume is proper or not.
8.4.1.6. Possible causes for strong vibration in the motor:
1) Whether friction exists between the rotor and stator of motor and whether three-phase current
loses balance;
2) Whether the center of motor is in conformity with that of machinery or not;
3) Whether anchor screws for the motor and mechanical parts are loose or not;
4) The bearing of motor is damaged.
8.4.1.7. If the motor catches fire, firstly cut off the power supply and then put out a fire with special fire
extinguisher for electrical equipment. In using a dry powder extinguisher, the powder cannot
enter the bearing; if necessary, firefighting water is used to spray into mist drops; don’t inject
large flow into the motor.
8.4.1.8. Possible causes and measures for high motor temperature:
1) Inspect whether the air duct is jammed and whether the ventilation baffle is closed or not; adjust
the inlet air baffle and inlet air temperature;
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2) Whether the motor is in two-phase operation and whether three-phase current is balanced or not;
in case of two-phase operation, cut off power supply;
3) Whether the mechanical load is too heavy or blocked or not;
4) As for the feed water pump motor, inspect whether the cooler is jammed or not according to the
inlet and outlet air temperature difference, whether the water inflow is sufficient or not and
whether the water outlet is closed or not.
8.4.1.9. If stator current of the motor swings periodically in operation, inspect the following items:
1) Whether mechanical parts swing periodically or not;
2) Whether completeness of rotor circuit and the contact of electric brush and slip ring is good or not;
3) If any problem isn’t found upon above inspection, notify of maintenance staff.
9. Operation Manual for Relay Protection and Automatic Devices
9.1. General Operating Requirements of Relay Protection and Automatic Devices
9.1.1. All running equipment and their collocated relay protection devices and automatic devices shall
be in conformity with the operation mode.
9.1.2. The protection and automatic devices in operation shall be reliable and featured with sufficient
sensitivity, swiftness and selectivity; the signals of relay protection and automatic devices shall be
in conformity with actual conditions of protected equipment.
9.1.3. When primary equipment is put into service, the corresponding relay protection device shall be
put into service at the same time; the equipment without a relay protection device or with an
incomplete or nonqualified protection device cannot be put into service.
9.1.4. As for the protection device and automatic device in operation, the drawings shall be complete;
the relay, strap, testing parts and secondary line terminals, etc. shall be marked clearly and
correctly; the signal device shall be complete and fine; the written instructions shall be clear and
definite; the relevant operation and protection setting values shall be specified explicitly.
9.1.5. The drawings of relay protection devices and automatic devices shall be in conformity with actual
conditions of the site; if any equipment of secondary circuit and wiring is changed, its drawing
shall be altered timely; and the person who is responsible for relay protection shall give a specific
written instruction.
9.1.6. If the equipment defect is to be handled or the operating mode is to be changed, quit or input of
the relay protection device of the operating equipment is operated in accordance with the relevant
regulations on dispatcher jurisdiction in this Operation Manual.
9.1.7. Any job which is not in conformity with safety conditions shall not be done in the circuit of
running relay protection device. When the work bringing strong vibration is done on the adjacent
protection panels to possibly cause false operation of the protection, some protection devices
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without time limit shall be quitted from operation; all protection devices shall not be quitted at the
same time to cause unprotected operation of the equipment.
9.1.8. Don’t change the operating mode of protection at will in normal operation. In switching operation
of the system, the operating modes of protection and automatic devices shall be changed; the
operator on duty can handle voluntarily according to the relevant regulations and report to the
shift leader. In accident handling, the operator on duty may stop using the protection or add
protection on his discretion and later report to the shift leader or dispatcher.
9.1.9. Input and quit of relay protection devices and automatic devices shall be operated by the electrical
operator on duty according to the commands of foreman and shift leader; the person who is
responsible for relay protection shall not operate the strap of operating equipment, operating
signal fuse and testing parts, etc. at will.
9.1.10. The electrical operator on duty shall not work in the secondary circuit of relay protection and
automatic devices of the running equipment. Only the person who is responsible for relay
protection may work on the protection device and in its secondary circuit.
9.1.11. In normal power cut, the strap and testing parts of this protection may not be disconnected.
9.2. Maintenance and Inspection of Relay Protection and Automatic Devices in Operation
9.2.1. In normal operation, the foreman shall make an overall external inspection for secondary circuit
of the relay protection and automatic devices in main control room; the inspection items mainly
include:
9.2.1.1. Operating conditions of protection devices and automatic devices shall be in conformity with
operating modes of the system and equipment;
9.2.1.2. The disconnecting link, switch, testing parts and strap of protection device shall be in target
positions.
9.2.1.3. All signal indications are in conformity with actual working conditions;
9.2.1.4. The cover of each relay is tight; the glass is undamaged; wiring terminals are firm; the outside is
clean; the set value is in conformity with the specification.
9.2.1.5. There is no abnormal noise in the relay; contacts are free of shake; the coil is free of overheat
and scorch, etc.
9.2.1.6. The insulation of all AC and DC systems shall be reliable; measure the balance of three-phase
voltage to earth of busbar;
9.2.1.7. The secondary line terminals are connected firmly; the current circuit is free of looseness and
overheat;
9.2.2. In shift change, the shift leader shall make an overall visual inspect for the changed equipment
protection and protection devices of main equipment; the inspection items are similar to the above
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two sections, and view the log book to know and master the changes in relay protection device in
a timely manner.
9.2.3. The change in set value of protection device or protection activation shall be respectively
recorded by the person who is responsible for relay protection and the operator on duty into the
log book; the indicating plate of protection shall be reset by both of them.
9.2.4. Repair and test of relay protection devices and their secondary circuits shall be operated when
main equipment is repaired regularly in power off; in exceptional cases, continuous power supply
or partial power off is allowed after taking necessary safety measures, such as inspection and
testing upon emergency tripping.
9.2.5. Disconnect all connecting lines and straps between this protection device and other operating
equipment prior to the operation about secondary line of relay protection for the power-off
equipment; besides, take necessary safety measures and then begin to work.
9.2.6. After finishing relay protection work, the operator on duty shall inspect together with the staff in
charge of repair on site:
9.2.6.1. Whether the relay enclosure is covered well or not;
9.2.6.2. Whether the scale value of relay is in conformity with the set value or not;
9.2.6.3. Whether the removed line end is restored or not;
9.2.6.4. Whether the mark number of changed equipment is correct and complete or not;
9.2.6.5. Know the change of equipment.
9.2.6.6. At the same time, the person who is responsible relay protection shall make detailed written
records about calibration of protection devices, changes in equipment wiring, operation and
abnormity handling notes, etc. Each foreman shall know and master changes of protection
devices timely.
9.2.7. The changes in set values of the operating and standby equipment protection shall be operated
by the person who is responsible for relay protection according to the command of dispatcher
(the changes in set values of house service equipment shall be approved by the chief engineer).
When the set value of operating equipment, firstly disconnect the tripping relaying plate of
corresponding protection device; after changing, the operator on duty verifies and then restore
the corresponding relaying plate and connecting lines.
9.2.8. As for the relay protection device activating for voltage reduction (such as field loss protection
for generators, voltage memory overcurrent protection for generators and so on), stop using the
relevant protection immediately and disconnect the tripping relaying plate when disconnection
failure happens to AC voltage circuit; after recovery of normal voltage, firstly inspect and
confirm the relevant protection isn’t activated and put the shutdown protective relaying plate
into service.
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9.2.9. Secondary circuit of the current transformer for the running relay protection isn’t allowed to be
in open circuit; secondary circuit of the potential transformer isn’t allowed to be in short circuit;
therefore, when series-parallel connection of the relay coil is changed, firstly connect to the
relevant current circuit terminals on the secondary line terminal board in short circuit;
disconnect the relevant terminals of voltage circuit and then change series-parallel connection of
relay coil; after changing, recover the relevant terminals of secondary line terminal board.
9.2.10. When operate in the differential protection current circuit, the polarity of current transformer
may be changed; therefore, the current transformer may be put into this differential protection
after inspecting its polarity with load; after confirming correctness, its protective strap can be
put into service to enhance protection.
9.2.11. In case that one of the following circumstances is found in normal operation, stop using the
relevant protection immediately and then report to the shift leader or dispatcher and notify the
person who is responsible for relay protection for handling it.
9.2.11.1. The relay shaft is deviated or there is smoke or fire on the relay;
9.2.11.2. The system operates normally but the relay contact is closed to cause dropping of the
indicating plate; but tripping isn’t caused;
9.2.11.3. The signal which may cause false operation appears, e.g. “differential circuit disconnection”
and “voltage circuit disconnection”, etc.;
9.2.11.4. False operation happens to the relay protection or automatic devices.
9.3. Relay Protection for Electrical Elements
In this project, all key electrical elements use complete microcomputer relay protection devices;
the generator-transformer unit protection (inclusive of HV station transformer), starting/standby
transformer and town transformer protection use dual configuration with double primary and
back-up protection (except for non-electrical protection).
9.3.1. Protection and function of generator-transformer units:
1) Differential protection for generators: Protect the multiphase short circuit fault between the
outgoing line and neutral bushing of the generator.
2) Differential protection for the generator-transformer unit: The protected range concerns the
neutral bushing of generator, HV side of HV station transformer and 150KV switch side.
3) Differential protection for main transformer: The protected range concerns the outgoing line
bushing of generator, HV side of HV station transformer and 150KV switch side.
4) 100% stator ground protection: Protect the single phase earth fault of generator stators.
5) Overvoltage protection for stator winding: It is activated to cause shutdown.
6) Stator interturn protection: Protect the short circuit fault of stator interturn.
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7) Rotor ground protection: One-point ground connection is activated to generate signals; and two-
point ground connection is activated to cause shutdown.
8) Overload protection for stator winding: It is activated to generate signals.
9) Impedance protection: It is used as back-up protection for the generator-transformer unit.
10) Negative sequence protection: It is used to protect unbalanced negative sequence current of the
generator.
11) Overexcitation protection: The part with low set value gives out signals and reduces excitation;
and the part with high set value is activated for field suppression.
12) Field loss protection: When the voltage is less than allowable value after loss of excitation, delay
activating this protection to cause shutdown.
13) Loss of synchronism protection: When the loss of synchronism is caused by loss of excitation, the
loss of excitation protection blocks loss of synchronism protection; the operation is determined by
the operation of field loss protection. The protection cannot be activated in case of short circuit
fault, stable oscillation of the system and PT circuit disconnection, etc.
14) Failure protection: When the protection outlet is activated and the switch refuses to move, switch
tripping of adjacent component will be caused.
15) Inverse power protection: Protect the operating mode of motor due to loss of steam.
16) Frequency protection: Give out signals or shut down according to the actual condition which
exceeds or doesn’t exceed the fatigue limit of steam turbine blade.
17) Inadvertent energizing protection: Protect the generator from false tripping in turning.
18) Thermal process protection: It is activated to cause disconnection and field suppression.
19) Zero sequence over current protection for HV side of main transformer: Protect single-phase earth
fault of transformer winding.
20) Heavy Buchholtz protection for main transformer: It is activated to generate signals or cause full
shutdown.
21) Light Buchholtz protection for main transformer: It is activated to generate signals.
22) Pressure relief protection for main transformer: It is activated to generate signals or cause full
shutdown.
23) Full shutdown protection for the cooler of main transformer: It is activated to generate signals or
cause full shutdown.
24) Abnormal oil level protection for main transformer: It is activated to generate signals.
25) High temperature alarm for main transformer: It is activated to generate signals.
26) High temperature tripping for main transformer: It is activated to cause full shutdown.
27) Quick-break and over current protection for excitation transformer: It is activated to cause full
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shutdown.
28) Overload protection for excitation transformer: The definite time operation is used for excitation
suppression, and inverse time operation is used to cause full shutdown.
29) Differential protection for HV station transformer: Protect the bushing at HV side of HV station
transformer and 6KV incoming line switch.
30) Over current protection for HV station transformer: It is used as the backup of main protection for
HV station transformer.
31) Overload protection for LV side of HV station transformer: It is activated to generate signals and
reacts to the load of the branch circuit at LV side.
32) Zero sequence over current protection for LV side of HV station transformer: Match with zero
sequence protection for the motor in this section; time-delay operation of section 1 causes tripping
of branch circuit, and time-delay operation of section 2 causes full shutdown.
33) Heavy Buchholtz protection for HV station transformer: It is activated to cause full shutdown or
generate signals.
34) Light Buchholtz protection for HV station transformer: It is activated to generate signals.
35) Pressure relief protection for HV station transformer: It is activated to generate signals or cause
full shutdown.
36) High temperature alarm for HV station transformer: It is activated to generate signals.
37) High temperature tripping for HV station transformer: It is activated to cause full shutdown.
38) Abnormal oil level protection for HV station transformer: It is activated to generate signals.
9.3.2. Protection and function of starting/standby transformers:
1) Differential protection: It is used to protect the transformer winding and the short circuit fault of
its outgoing line.
2) Over current protection: It is used as main protection of the transformer and backup protection of
adjacent components. Low set value operation of over current protection for HV side generates
signals, and high set value operation is for the switch at HV side. Over current protection for LV
side is used to cause tripping of the corresponding branch switch at LV side in the first time limit;
and tripping of switches at both sides is caused in the second time limit.
3) Overload protection: It is equipped at HV side to monitor the load condition and is activated to
generate signals.
4) Single-phase ground connection: Protect single-phase earth faults of HV and LV windings of the
transformer and match with differential and line ground protection.
5) Heavy Buchholtz protection for the transformer and on load tap changer: It is activated to cause
tripping of switches at both sides.
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7) Pressure relief of the transformer and on load tap changer: Input and quit of tripping function is
from the strap.
8) Oil temperature of the transformer and on load tap changer: Input and quit of tripping function is
from the strap.
9) Winding temperature of the transformer and on load tap changer: Input and quit of tripping
function is from the strap.
10) Light Buchholtz protection for the transformer and on load tap changer: It is activated to generate
signals.
11) Abnormal oil level protection for the transformer and on load tap changer: It is activated to
generate signals.
9.3.3. Protection devices of a town transformer include:
1) Differential protection: It is used to cause tripping of all switches at both sides of the transformer:
2) Over current protection: Low set value operation of over current protection for HV side generates
signals, and high set value operation is used to cause tripping of the switch at HV side. Over
current protection for LV side is used to cause tripping of the switch at LV side in the first time
limit; and tripping of the switch at HV side is caused in the second time limit.
3) Single-phase ground connection: Protect single-phase earth faults of the windings at HV and LV
sides and match with line ground connection.
9.3.4. 150KV busbar protection adopts low impedance (current type) busbar differential protection and
is provided with separate over current/ earth fault backup protection to protect the interphase and
earth faults in the zone. It can be activated quickly and accurately. The busbar differential
protection cannot be activated for external faults.
9.3.5. 150KV breaker protection is inclusive of failure protection, three-phase inconsistent protection,
over current protection (inclusive of over current and zero sequence), dead zone protection and
automatic reclosing.
9.3.6. Switching of operating and standby sources for 6KV busbars adopts the microcomputer service
power quick switching device and is provided with three modes including normal switching,
quick switching and synchronous capture & slow switching. Main switching mode is quick
switching. If quick switching is failed, it will enter the synchronous capture & slow switching
mode automatically. The device is equipped with the functions of synchronous detection and
single activation.
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9.3.7. The protection for 6KV motor and LVC station transformer adopts the microcomputer-type
comprehensive protection devices.
9.3.8. 380V motor uses the switch with plastic shell and contactor and is configured with the integrative
motor protector to form integral protection.
10. Operation and Maintenance Manual for Power Distribution Units
10.1. Equipment Overview and Technical Parameters
10.1.1. In this project, 150KV system adopts sulfur hexafluoride switches and disconnecting links
supplied by Jiangsu Rugao High-voltage Electrical Appliances Co., Ltd.
Model of switches LW58--252（W）/T4000--50

Rated voltage: 150KV
Rated current: 4000A
Rated interrupting current: 50KA
Rated frequency: 50HZ
Model of disconnecting links GW4C--252:
Rated voltage: 150KV
10.1.2. 20KV and 6KV systems adopt complete switches supplied by Shenyang High Voltage
Complete Switch Co., Ltd. It is provided with microcomputer-type comprehensive protection to
prevent false closing and opening of switches, switch-on and switch-off isolating plug with load,
power supply of earthing switch in closing, closing of earthing switch with electricity and false
input at electrifying interval. The central vacuum switch for 20KV metal armored totally closed
trolley:
Rated voltage: 20KV

Maximum working voltage: 24KV
10.1.3. The central vacuum switch for 6KV metal armored totally closed trolley:
Rated voltage: 6KV
Maximum working voltage: 7.2KV
Incoming cubicle: 2500A;
Rated current:
outgoing cubicle: 1250A
The central vacuum switch F + C for 6KV metal armored totally closed trolley:
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Rated voltage: 6KV

Maximum working voltage: 7.2KV
Rated current: 400A
10.1.4. 400V system adopts the complete switches supplied by Henan Xinkai Electric Group Co., Ltd.
These switches are provided with current quick-breaking, over current, overload and ground
protection. The type is LV fixed separate type switch cabinet (PC) and LV drawer type switch
cabinet (MCC):
Rated voltage: 400V

Maximum working voltage: 420V
10.2. Operating Mode, Maintenance and Inspection
10.2.1. Working current of the switch shall be no more than rated value; working voltage of the circuit
shall be no more than maximum allowable value marked on the nameplate of equipment.
10.2.2. In operation, maximum temperature rise of all parts such as the switch itself, conducting rod,
box body and contact finger, etc. shall be no more than 40-60℃.
10.2.3. In any cases, don’t operate the operating arm of switch manually to switch on.
10.2.4. Insulation resistance of the switch shall be measured with a tramegger to verify conformity.
10.2.5. Manual tripping of switches is allowed in the following circumstances:
1) The switch refuses electric stripping;
2) Serious human injuries and equipment accidents are caused;
3) Debug in power cut.
10.2.6. Before supplying power, switch-on and switch-off the switch shall be tested; after supplying
power, inspect:
1) The operating key is in switch-on position, and the switch position indicator indicates accurately;
2) The switch is free of discharge or other abnormities;
3) The switch rod and porcelain insulator shall be in good conditions without cracks;
4) The isolating plug of trolley type switch cabinet is well inserted into the isolating socket, and
secondary circuit is in good contact;
10.2.7. Inspect items of switches in normal operation:
1) The switch-on and switch-off positions and the indication of indicator shall be correct;
2) The vacuum switch and vacuum arc extinguishing chamber smell normal; the pipe body is free
of cracks; the high voltage indicator on the power distribution cabinet indicates normally; each
72
mini control switch is in right position; and energy storage of the switch is normal;
3) The bushing and porcelain insulator shall be clean and free of damages, cracks and other visible
defects;
4) The connection between the switch itself and busbar is in good contact and free of overheat;
5) The earthing wire for switch pedestal shall be in good conditions; the lightning arrester is well
grounded; and the bushing is free of cracks;
6) The connecting rod for switchgear is in good conditions and free of cracks; the pin for each part
is free of stripping;
7) The opening and closing coils of a switch and the closing contactor coil are free of smoke and
peculiar smell;
8) Energy storage of closing spring for the spring operation mechanism is normal;
9) The standby power switch is complete;
10) The door and window of switch house shall be closed.
10.2.8. If the switch is faulty to cause power off, inspect the following items;
1) All parts of the switch are distortionless; the connecting busbar is free of looseness and overheat;
2) The vacuum switch and vacuum arc extinguishing chamber smell normal; and the pipe body is
free of cracks;
3) Hydraulic pressure and air pressure of the switch is normal; and all parts are in good and right
conditions.
10.2.9. In normal operation, the control mode selection switch is generally in the position of “remote
control”.
10.3. Abnormal Operation and Accident Handling
10.3.1. Tripping refusal of the switch:
10.3.1.1. Faults:
When the operating key is switched to the position of tripping, the key flashes and the switch fails
to disconnect;
10.3.1.2. Possible reasons:
1) The operating power voltage is low;
2) The tripping circuit is disconnected or tripping coil is burned-out;
3) The core of tripping electromagnet device is blocked, sucked or falls off;
4) Auxiliary contacts of the breaker fail to shift well;
5) The tripping pivot is too low, and the core resistor fails to trip.

73
1) If the operating power voltage is low, increase DC voltage; when remote tripping operation isn’t
allowed, manual tripping shall be operated immediately on the site;
2) When the operating circuit is disconnected with normal power supply, notify maintenance staff
of handling it;
3) When the trip coil is burned-out, notify maintenance staff of replacement;
4) When the plug-in unit isn’t in good contact, insert it again;
5) When the core of tripping electromagnet device is blocked, sucked or falls off, notify
maintenance staff of handling it
10.3.2. The contact part of a switch is overheated:
10.3.2.1. Reasons:
1) Load current is far more than rated value of the switch;
2) Main contact of the switch is in bad contact.
1) Reduce load current below rated value;
2) Contact the relevant staff to cut off power supply and handle it.
10.3.3. If the cause for tripping of trolley type switch cabinet is unknown (e.g. the protection device isn’t
activated, and the recording meter fails to generate short circuit impact), find out the cause in terms
of the following circumstances:
1) Investigate whether some person operates the mechanism by mistake in tripping or not, and
whether some person works in secondary circuit or not;
2) In case that tripping isn’t caused by personal misoperation, maybe there is something wrong
with the mechanical hook of switch or the insulation of control circuit is damaged to cause DC
two-point ground tripping; notify maintenance staff of inspecting without prejudice to
production.
10.3.4. The spring operation mechanism fails to store energy normally:
10.3.4.1. Faults:
1) DC fuse for the trolley type switch cabinet is blown or in bad contact;
2) The energy storage mode switch for trolley type switch cabinet fails to switch;
3) The energy storage motor of switch is burned-out.
1) Replace DC fuse of the trolley type switch cabinet;
2) Dispose the energy storage mode switch;
3) Replace the energy storage motor of switch.
74
10.3.5. Open or close the house service switch by mistake:
1) If the house service motor switch is opened by mistake, close it immediately;
2) If the station transformer switch is opened by mistake, close it immediately;
3) When the switch is closed by mistake, open it immediately; if the short circuit fault is found after
closing, inspect and report after tripping or switching out;
10.3.6. In case that one of the following circumstances occurs, cut off power supply and handle it
immediately:
1) Personal electric shock is caused;
2) The insulating bush and pull rod are cracked;
3) The contact is melted due to overheat;
4) The vacuum switch gives out hiss to indicate vacuum damages.
11. Troubleshooting Measures of Electrical System
11.1. General Rules for Measures of Electrical Faults
11.1.1. General principle for troubleshooting measures
This Manual is general principles for handling accidents concerning electrical equipment by the
electrical operator; it emphasizes on accident handling of electrical system; abnormal operation
and accident handling of other equipment shall be subject to the relevant special operation manual.
11.1.1.1. Main tasks of troubleshooting measures:
1) Prevent accidents from expanding quickly, remove the sources for accidents and relieve personal
and equipment dangers.
2) Try to increase loads on the set without direct accident losses and damages and keep the
equipment running to guarantee normal power supply for the user and relieve social losses arising
from these accidents.
3) Pay first attention to electrical safety in troubleshooting in order to ensure station power supply.
4) Quickly recover power supply for the user in power cut.
5) When the accident has been restricted and tended to normal stable state, try to adjust the operating
mode gradually to recover normal operation.
11.1.1.2. When the above tasks are to be finished to handle an accident, the electrical operator shall
have overall viewpoints to hold their own posts according to the work division of the shift,
concentrate on keeping reasonable operating mode of the equipment and execute correct
commands of the accident handling leader quickly and accurately.
The electrical operator can stop running the equipment and leave their posts only when they
receive the commands of accident handling leader or find personal and equipment safety is
75
threatened obviously and directly.
11.1.1.3. The electrical foreman is the organizer and leader in handling electrical accidents, so the
foreman shall appoint other staff to work instead of him, assign tasks clearly and keep in touch
with the shift leader when he has to leave the post for handling the accident.
11.1.1.4. If an accident occurs in shift change but the handover procedure hasn’t been completed, the
handover staff shall keep the post strictly to handle the accident. The handover staff shall actively
assist in handling the accident under leadership of the foreman; handover isn’t allowed before
recovery of stable conditions or without consent of the shift leader; only when the accident has
been handled or the shift leader agrees shifting of duty, handover is allowed.
11.1.1.5. When an accident occurs on the equipment which is within the responsible range of electrical
operator or in his jurisdiction scope, comply with the followings to remove the accident actively.
1) Judge overall conditions of the accident according to the indications of meters (serious increase or
decrease), external conditions of the equipment (abnormal noise, smoke and smell, etc.) and
operation of protection devices and automatic devices;
2) Follow close to the line of the safety regulations, make inspections quickly and carefully and find
out the nature and scope of the failure;
3) If human and equipment safety is threatened, try to relieve this threat immediately; stop normal
operation of equipment if necessary;
4) If human and equipment safety is threatened, isolate the equipment without direct damages and
keep normal operation of the equipment; start the standby equipment if necessary;
5) After judging the part and nature of failure of faulty equipment, try to repair it. The operator on
duty shall take safety measures on site prior to arrival of maintenance personnel;
6) The operator on duty shall report each stage of the accident to the shift leader directly leading to
handle the accident or his substitute in a quick and accurate manner.
11.1.1.6. Handle the accident properly and quickly without a hurry. When the command about accident
handling is received, repeat it to the commander; if the command isn’t clear, inquire to make it
clear; report to the commander upon execution; after issuing the command, the foreman shall
request the executor to repeat his own command. In handling the accident, if a new command is
determined according to the execution of former command, the foreman shall not judge execution
of the command (only for reference) prior to receipt of the execution from the command executor.
In case of an accident, pay attention to the indications of meters and signals (alarm window and
indicating plate) and appoint an operator on duty to record various operation data, signal condition
and times.
11.1.2. Leadership relationship in troubleshooting
11.1.2.1. Troubleshooting of electrical system and equipment shall be conducted under unified
commands of the shift leader; the foreman shall report to the shift leader immediately and execute
76
all correct commands of the shift leader quickly to handle it actively when any abnormity is found
in working.
11.1.2.2. In troubleshooting, the operator on duty shall report all to the foreman; and then the foreman
organizes to process them in a unified manner; the operator on duty shall strictly execute correct
commands of the foreman and actively assist the foreman.
11.1.2.3. In the following cases, the operator on duty may operate without consent of the foreman or
shift leader and later report to the foreman:
1) When the equipment endangers human safety, cut off power supply for the equipment;
2) Isolate the damaged equipment;
3) The case for which immediate power off is allowed in the operation manual;
4) Regulate the cycle and voltage.
11.1.2.4. In the following emergencies, the foreman may operate without consent of the shift leader and
later report to the shift leader quickly;
1) If the busbar suffers from voltage loss, disconnect all switches on the busbar;
2) If all or some house service power is cut, recover power supply;
3) Human injuries or damage accidents happen to the equipment;
4) The case for which immediate power off is prescribed in the electrical operation manual.
11.1.3. Arrangement after troubleshooting
11.1.3.1. After troubleshooting and recovery of system stability and normal operation, the foreman and
safety officer shall convene an accident analysis meeting for the whole shift after off duty to
discuss the phenomenon and lessons learned in handling, research countermeasures and commend
good personalities and good deeds in accident handling.
11.1.3.2. As for the accident analysis discussion concerning the whole station, the shift leader convenes;
the relevant electrical staff must participate in it; the foreman shall introduce the whole process on
the electrical accident phenomenon and handling; other staff shall supplement and correct.
11.2. Abnormal Operation and Troubleshooting of the System

11.2.1. General
Description about the system troubleshooting regulations:
1) The system has variable operating modes, so different phenomena and reactions (relay protection,
mismatch of automatic devices and changes in equipment performances, etc.) may occur in the
same accident; and the same accident and phenomenon may be treated by many solutions.
Therefore, the solutions for one or two operating modes may be specified in this Manual, other
than various solutions in all operating modes.
2) As the system involves wider range, this Manual only gives the solutions for the direct occurring
part (refer to the range of our station) of an accident, but lists all aspects concerned by the system.
11.2.2. The electric power system oscillates
77
11.2.2.1. Faults:
1) The generator and transformer and pointers of line (tie line) wattmeter voltmeter and ammeter
serious swing up and down periodically;
2) Transmitting power of the power station tie line with the loss of synchronism swings repeatedly; it
increases from zero to maximum value, and then decreases from maximum value to zero;
3) The voltage fluctuates seriously and the incandescent bulb for lighting flickers;
4) In electric power system, the system frequency of sending end reduces seriously and fluctuates a
bit;
5) The generator set gives out rhythmic roars;
6) When the automatic excitation regulator of generator runs, forced excitation occurs repeatedly.
1) Without dispatching commands, the supervisor regulates reactive power of the generator
immediately and increases system voltage; in case of forced excitation, manual excitation
regulation isn’t allowed. When the frequency reduces, increase active power of the generator; load
current of the generator is subject to the regulations on emergency overload;
2) When the frequency rises, reduce active power of the generator immediately without dispatching
commands; press SESCO command to ensure conformity between frequency and that of receiving
end, but the frequency shall be above 47.5HZ.
3) Monitor the outgoing line of 150KV system and confirm active power and ammeter; the one with
most serious swinging is the center of system oscillation; report to SESCO immediately,
recommend pulling the line in order to eliminate vibration.
4) If the oscillation remains unchanged within 3min after taking above measures, immediately report
to the dispatcher to wait for commands to handle;
5) In system oscillation, stop normal switching operation and pay attention to station service safety.
6) After relieving system oscillation, pay attention to voltage regulation of the generator and normal
operation of system frequency.
11.2.3. System load rejection and voltage collapse
The system causes load dropping and voltage collapse (system oscillation may occurs at the same
time)
11.2.3.1. Faults:
1) System frequency drops to below 47HZ abruptly;
2) Terminal voltage of No. 1 and No. 2 generators dips seriously to cause forced excitation;
1) Monitor 150KV system tie line and recommend SESCO switching out the switch of the line
78
which load meters which reach to maximum value (active power meter, reactive power meter and
ammeter) for power cut;
2) If forced excitation of No. 1 and No. 2 generator lasts for 20s and fails to return, switch AVR to
operate in the mode of “constant current”. Adjust the excitation current to allowable value.
11.2.4. The generator protection is activated to cause tripping
11.2.4.1. Faults:
1) The central audible signal device of control room is activated, the loudspeaker rings and the
activated signal lamp of alarm window becomes bright;
2) The status signal green lamps of main switch and field suppression switch of the tripping
generator flashes;
3) The system cycle and voltage dips;
4) The load of non-tripping set increases automatically (when the steam turbine load limiter isn’t put
into use), maybe “overload signal” is given and forced excitation is activated (return
automatically after troubleshooting);
5) As for the tie line of the busbar connected with the tripping generator, currents may vary.
1) Reset the central audible signal, and the switch status indicator lamp flashes;
2) Inspect the indicating plate of protection and find out the fault point according to actual condition
of the protective tag;
3) Report to the shift leader;
4) If it is an external fault of the generator (e.g. voltage memory overcurrent protection is activated),
only make an external inspection; after disconnecting the switch of the faulty line, the generator
rises voltage from zero and incorporate into the system normally;
5) When the differential protection for the generator is activated to cause dropping of the indicating
plate, inspect the fault point within the protected range. If there no visible fault point within the
protected range, no abnormal condition on the outside of the generator and no strong vibration in
any set in the accident, the generator rises voltage slowly from zero; if there is no abnormity, the
generator may be incorporated into the system; if there is a visible fault point or some abnormity
is found in voltage rise, start the generator to rise voltage only after troubleshooting.
6) After emergency tripping of the generator, regulate the load of running generator and system cycle
according to the regulations on emergency overload.
11.2.5. The switch at LV side of 6KV operating station transformer trips:
11.2.5.1. Faults:
1) The central audible signal device of control room is activated and the loudspeaker rings;
79
2) The status indicator lamp of the tripping or interlocked switch flashes.
1) Reset the central audible signal, and the switch status indicator lamp flashes;
2) When the standby switch is interlocked, pay attention to monitor the station power supply for No.
1 and No.2 sets keeps operating normally.
3) When the standby switch isn’t interlocked, firstly find out the cause to confirm an external failure
of station service system causes switch tripping; when the auxiliary power system with voltage
loss isn’t faulty, close the section switch to supply power to the busbar with voltage lose.
4) If the transformer is faulty, it is handled according to the regulations on accident handling for
transformers.
12. Regulations on Fire Fighting of Electrical Equipment
12.1. General Rules
12.1.1. When non-electrical professionals participate in firefighting, electrical staff shall supervise them.
12.1.2. All fire fighting apparatuses for electrical equipment shall not be used freely; a specialized
department shall be assigned to inspect and replenish fire fighting apparatuses periodically.
12.1.3. Don’t work with open flames within 5m surrounding the battery room, oil reservoir area and
operating platform of the generator, etc.
12.1.4. When an open flame device (such as the blowtorch, gas welding and electric welding, etc.) is
used in the flammable space, firstly take fire safety measures and then begin to construct.
12.1.5. Don’t store above 1kg flammable materials on site; gasoline, kerosene and other types of oil
shall be stored in metal seal pots and placed in a prescribed place.
12.1.6. The oil cotton waste and waste cloth, etc. used in working shall be cleaned and kept properly,
but littered anywhere.
12.1.7. If some equipment leaks oil, handle it immediately and strengthen inspecting and monitoring the
joint of oil tube and oil temperature of motor bearing.
12.1.8. To ensure convenient fire fighting and material transfer, all passages and the way to the
installation site of fire fighting apparatuses shall be unobstructed.
12.1.9. When electrical equipment or adjacent equipment catches fire:
12.1.9.1. The operator on duty shall cut off the power supply for the equipment on fire; if the fire
endangers other equipment, cut off their power supplies;
12.1.9.2. Put out a fire immediately; notify professional firefighters in case of serious fire behavior;
12.1.9.3. If power off isn’t allowed for some reason, but the flames expand quickly to endanger adjacent
equipment, firstly use the nonconductive dry fire extinguisher to put out a fire prior to power
80
cut, wear rubber gloves and rubber shoes and keep safe distance between electrical equipment
and persons (electrification firefighting isn’t applicable to 10KV or above electrified
equipment);
12.1.9.4. If the indoor space catches fire, all doors and windows (except for the entrance and exit
required by fire fighting) shall be closed to prevent cross-ventilation from facilitating fire
expansion. If the windows need to be used for smoke exhaust in fire fighting, obey the
command of fire fighting leader;
12.1.9.5. Prior to arrival of firefighters, the field force shall try to put out a fire to prevent expansion; the
irrelevant staff shall exit from the site to facilitate fire fighting.
12.1.9.6. Prior to arrival of firefighters, the foreman shall contact the firefighting leader immediately
and report current situations of electrical equipment and fire fighting;
12.1.9.7. In the whole firefighting process, professional firefighters and electrical operator on duty shall
act in close coordination and report current situations each other to facilitate quick firefighting;
12.1.9.8. When professional firefighters put out a fire of electrical equipment, they shall receive the
power off notice of shift leader of foreman firstly;
12.1.9.9. Firefighters shall not cut off power, intercept or operate otherwise for electrical equipment. If
firefighters need to enter the HV distribution device or other electrical equipment rooms, they
shall be accompanied by the operator on duty;
12.1.9.10. When carbon dioxide or carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers are used to put out a fire, the
firefighting staff shall stand upwind to prevent poisoning and suffocating.
12.2. Firefighting Methods for Electrical Equipment
12.2.1. Generators and motors
12.2.1.1. The generator is on fire:
5) Disconnect the generator from the system;
6) When the outside of generator body catches fire, use carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to put out a
fire;
7) When the inside of generator body catches fire, fill with carbon dioxide to put out a fire;
8) Sand cannot be used to put out a fire.
12.2.1.2. The excitation equipment catches fire:
1) Disconnect the generator from electrical network and use carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to put
out a fire;
2) Sand or fire foam cannot be used to put out a fire.
12.2.1.3. The motor catches fire:
81
1) Cut off power supply for the motor;
2) Close the ventilation door at inlet of motor;
3) Use carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers or water to put out a fire;
4) Sand or fire foam cannot be used to put out a fire.
12.2.2. Power transformer
12.2.2.1. The outside of power transformer catches fire:
1) Disconnect the power supply at either side of the transformer;
2) Isolate the fire region from the equipment with threat of fire and set the security guard on duty on
the passage;
3) Use carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers to put out a fire; if impossible,
spray water to put out a fire; sand can be used to put out a fire as a last resort.
12.2.2.2. The inside of a transformer catches fire:
1) Disconnect the power supply at either side of the transformer;
2) Use carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers to put out a fire;
3) Quickly open the emergency vent valve of the transformer to discharge oil.
12.2.2.3. When top cover of the transformer leaks oil to catch fire, disconnect the power supply at either
side of the transformer and quickly open the emergency vent valve to discharge oil to enable oil
level of the transformer to be lower than the damaged part and stop forced ventilation; when the
transformer has the risk of explosion, discharge oil of the transformer fully.
12.2.2.4. The transformer core burns:
1) Phenomenon: The core becomes hot in local parts; the oil quality is carbonized; oil sprays; the
buchholtz relay discharges black combustible gas;
2) Under the circumstances, cut off power supply for the transformer and repair.
12.2.3. The wire catches fire:
Cut off power supply; if the voltage to earth is below 250V, clip the wire using scissors or pliers
with an insulated handle or remove the protecting device and cut off the faulty line. However, the
operators shall wear rubber shoes, rubber gloves and safety goggles. If the voltage to earth is
above 250V, cut off power supplies at both sides using the switch and use carbon dioxide and
carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers or water to put out a fire.
12.2.4. Voltage and current transformers
When an accident happens to the oil immersed or glue-filling transformer to cause burning of oil
or glue, disconnect the damaged transformer from the power circuit and use sand, carbon dioxide
or carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers to put out a fire.
82
12.2.5. Power cable
When a cable trench catches fire, take the following measures:
1) Cut off all power supplies for the cable on fire;
2) While putting out a fire of the cable in a cable trench, wear an oxygen mask, rubber gloves and
insulated shoes;
3) Use the fire extinguishing bullet, sand and soil to put out a fire;
4) While putting out a fire of cable, don’t touch the cable armor or move the cable with hands or
ungrounded metal objects;
5) When a cable trench catches fire, cut off power supply for these cables if the cables laid in parallel
may catch fire.
12.2.6. Battery room
When the battery room catches fire, take the following measures:
1) Disconnect the disconnecting link at outlet of the accumulator;
2) Use water, or carbon dioxide or carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers to put out a fire; and pay
attention to the container used to store sulfuric acid to prevent the outflow from burning human
body; when electrical equipment of the accumulator ventilator catches fire, cut off power supply
for the ventilator immediately and stop supplying air from the ventilating duct to battery room.
83

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Riau 2×110MW Coal-Fired Power Plant

Operation Manual for Electrical Equipment

Project Department in Riau of Indonesia

2. OPERATION MANUAL FOR AUTOMATIC EXCITATION REGULATORS (AVR) ........ 11

3. OPERATING MAINTENANCE MANUAL FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS .................. 20

4. OPERATION MANUAL FOR AC SYSTEM ............................................................................ 26

5. OPERATION MANUAL FOR DC SYSTEM ............................................................................ 35

6. OPERATION MANUAL FOR UPS SYSTEM .......................................................................... 40

6.5. Fault Diagnosis and Handling ........................................................................................................ 53

7. OPERATING MAINTENANCE MANUAL FOR DIESEL GENERATORS......................... 54

8. OPERATION MANUAL FOR MOTORS ................................................................................. 59

9. OPERATION MANUAL FOR RELAY PROTECTION AND AUTOMATIC DEVICES .... 63

10. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION UNITS 68

11. TROUBLESHOOTING MEASURES OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ..................................... 71

12. REGULATIONS ON FIRE PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT................... 80

1. Operation Manual for Generators

1.1.3. Temperature measuring device and temperature limit

1.1.3.2. Positions of temperature measurers

1.1.3.4. Temperature limit

Stator winding (RTD embedded) ≤120℃

1.1.4. Ventilation cooling system

1.1.5. Moisture-proof electric heater

1.2. Allowable Operating Mode of Generators

1.2.5. The generator is capable of bearing overload in short time.

1.2.13. Allowable vibration value of each part of the generator

1.2.18. Regulations on insulation resistance

1.3. Monitoring, Inspection and Maintenance of the Generator in Normal Operation

1.3.1. Startup preparation of the generator

1.3.1.4. The cooling system of generator operates normally.

1.3.1.5. Operate as follows after receiving the command of shift leader:

excitation regulating cabinet.

1.4. Disconnection and Shutdown of Generators

1.4.1. Disconnection and shutdown of a generator shall be conducted as follows:

1.5. Adjustment, Monitoring, Inspection and Maintenance of the Generator in Normal

1.5.5. Inspect the generator as follows during operation:

1.5.7. The running excitation system is inspected as follows:

1.5.9. Maintenance of the generator in shutdown

1.5.10. Daily maintenance of electric brush

1.5.11. Post-fault inspection

1.6. Abnormal Operation and Troubleshooting of Generators

1.6.1. Asynchronous paralleling of the generator:

1.6.1.2. Troubleshooting measures:

1.6.2. The temperature of generator itself exceeds the allowable value:

1.6.2.2. Troubleshooting measures:

1.6.3. Overload operation of the generator:

1.6.3.2. Troubleshooting measures

1.6.4.2. Troubleshooting measures:

1.6.5.2. Troubleshooting measures:

b) The voltmeter of generator indicates lower value or zero.

1.6.7.2. Troubleshooting measures:

1.6.8.2. Troubleshooting measures:

1.6.9. The generator loses excitation or lacks of excitation.

1.6.9.2. Troubleshooting measures:

1.6.10. Open circuit at secondary side of current transformer:

1.6.10.2. Troubleshooting measures:

1.6.11. Internal ignition of the generator:

1.6.11.2. Troubleshooting measures:

1.7. Operation Manual for Synchronizing Devices

1.7.1. Equipment Overview of Synchronizing Devices

1.7.2. Operating requirement of quasi-synchronizing devices

1.7.2.6. Quasi-synchronizing paralleling of the generator:

2. Operation Manual for Automatic Excitation Regulators (AVR)