3b Pile Torison

Pile Moment Capacity Checking: PILE-3B
1. BASIC PILE DESIGN DATA

Type of pile : Bored CAST-IN-SITU, Using temporary casing system
Pile Daimeter Do  1000 mm
Lenght of pile Lp  6500 mm Below Ground Level
Working Load
Compression PL  190 kN
Tension TL  170 kN
Lateral HL  156 kN
Moment Mt  600 kNm
Torsional Moment Mz  46 kNm
Factor of Safety FOS  3
Concrete Strength fcu  40 MPa
Reinforcement yeild strength fy  460 MPa

Longitudinal Bars Dr  25 12Nos
Helical Liks pl  10 100 mm pitch
Sketch
2.0 Pile Bearing Capacity:
2.1 Concrete Strength Check
Outer Diameter Do  600

2
3.14 Do
Tota Area of Concrete Ac 
4
2
Ac  2.826  105 mm
Elastic modulus of concrete E  28000 MPa
4
3.14 Do
Moment of Innertia I 
64
4
I  6.359  109 mm
Concrete Strength fcu  40 MPa
Working Load PL  190 kN

PL 1000
Actual Stress in Concrete a1 
Ac
a1  0.672 MPa
Permissible Service Stress should not exceeded 25% of cube strength
As per BS 8004: 7.4.4.3.1
a2  0.25 fcu
a2  10 MPa a1  a2
Therefore SAFE
2.2 Ultimate Vertical Load Check
The pile is Vertical compression, tension and moment load.
Proposed vertical reinforcement 12 No 25mm dia.

As  5890 mm2
Allowable for eccentricity of loading, the ultimate axial load should not exceed the valu of
"N1" given by:
( 0.4 fcu Ac  0.8 As fy)

N1  As per BS 8110,Part-1,Cl.3.8.4.3
1000
N1  6.689  103 kN
Actulal Ultimate Load Pu  1.5 PL Factor =1.5
Pu  285 kN
Pu  N1
Therefore SAFE
2.3 Elastic Analysis
Granular Soil -Rock environment where the soil modulus is assumed to increase linearly with
depth, stiffeness factor-T:
nh,Coefficient of modulus variation, where relation between subgrade modulus variation and
relative density of sand varies between 3.00 to 40.00 MN/m3 , Tomilsion.
N
nh  0.02
3
mm
5 I 
T   E  As per Tomilson, 1987
 nh 
T  1.548  103 mm
Horizontal Load HL  156
Max,Horizontal Load acting on pile Hh  0.1 PL
10% from axial load
Hh  19 kN
PL
Max,Shear Load acting on pile He 
due to eccentricity 75
He  2.533 kN
Total lateral Load HT  HL  Hh  He

HT  177.533 kN
Dimensionless depth of embedment η*Lp

5
 nh 
η   
 E I 
η  6.458  10 4
η Lp  4.198
Based on the stiffeness factor, piles are classified as semiflexible or flexible member . The
following evaluation is based on elastic analysis of laterally loaded with moment free head
and linearly increasing soil modules (Tomilsion, page 336)
Deflection yf=(Ay*HT*T^3/ EI)+(By*Mt*T^2/EI)
Lp
at depth x=0 x  0 zmax  zmax  4.198
T
x 1000
z 
T
z0
From figure 6.26 a) Ay  2.5 By  1.8
 Ay HT 1000 T3   By Mt 1000 1000 T2 

yf    
 E I   E I 
yf  23.8 mm
Allowable deflection yf allow.= 25mm > yf therefore SAFE
Bending Moment Mf= (Am*HT*T^2/EI)+(BmMt/T)
Lp
at depth x1=0 x1  0 zmax  zmax  4.198
T
x1 1000
z1 
T
z1  0
From figure 6.26 b) Am1  0 Bm1  1
Mf  ( Am1 HT 1000 T)  ( Bm1 Mt 1000 1000)
Mf  6  108 Nmm say 600 kNm
Lp
at depth x=2 x2  2 zmax  zmax  4.198
T
x2 1000
z2 
T
z2  1.292
From figure 6.26 b) Am2  0.8 Bm2  0.9
Mf  ( Am2 HT 1000 T)  ( Bm2 Mt 1000 1000)
Mf  7.599  108 Nmm say 760 kNm

Actual moment in pile 760 kNm at depth 2m
Torsional Check
Torsional load on pile foundations is induced by the action of eccentric horizontal

forces on the supporting structures. Such loading not only initiates twist at the pile
head, but also reduces its axial capacity significantly associated with increased
settlement of the foundation. Inadequate design of piles under torsion may lead to
disastrous consequences.
The torsion analysis on free headed single pile is still under research study. Thus avoid
this torsion effect on this pile. Therefore this pile under torsion may FAIL.
Project Job no.
Lusail Development -Crescent Park
DDC Calcs for Start page no./Revision
PILE-3B 1
Calcs by Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015
PILE ANALYSIS
In accordance with EN 1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the UK national annex
Tedds calculation version 1.0.00
1000 mm
Pile details
Installation method; Drilled
Shape; 1000 mm diameter
Length; L = 6500 mm
Material details
Material; Concrete
Concrete strength class; C30/37
Part. factor, concrete (EN1992-1-1 cl. 2.4.2.4(1)); γ C = 1.50
Coefficient α cc (EN1992-1-1 cl. 3.1.6(1)); α cc = 0.85
Characteristic compression cylinder strength; fck = 30 N/mm 2
Design comp. strength (EN1992-1-1 cl. 3.1.6(1)); fcd = α cc × fck / γ C = 17.0 N/mm 2
Mean value of cyl. strength (EN1992-1-1 Table 3.1); fcm = fck + 8 MPa = 38.0 N/mm 2
Secant mod. of elasticity (EN1992-1-1 Table 3.1); E cm = 22000 MPa × (fcm / 10 MPa)0.3 = 32.8 kN/mm 2
Modulus of elasticity; E = E cm = 32.8 kN/mm 2
Geometric properties
Pile section depth; h = 1000 mm
Bearing area; A bearing = π × h 2 / 4 = 0.785 m 2
Pile perimeter; Perim pile = π × h = 3.142 m
Moment of inertia; I = π × h 4 / 64 = 4908739 cm 4
Project Job no.
PILE-3B 2
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015
Fd
F tr,d
25 mm
5000 mm
qsk1 = 100 kN/m2
6500 mm
5000 mm
qsk2 = 100 kN/m2

qbk2 = 0 kN/m 2
qski = Characteristic value, shaft resistance, q bki = Characteristic value, base
Stratum details
Stratum Geomaterial Thickness, tstratai Characteristic value, Characteristic value,
(mm) base, q bki shaft, q ski
(kN/m 2 ) (kN/m 2 )
1 Cohesionless 5000 - 100
2 Cohesive 5000 0 100
Action details
Characteristic perm. unfav. action, compression; G c,k,unfav = 190 kN
Characteristic perm. fav. action, compression; G c,k,fav = 0 kN
Characteristic variable unfav. action, compression; Q c,k = 0 kN
Characteristic perm. unfav. action, tension; G t,k,unfav = 170 kN
Characteristic perm. fav. action, tension; G t,k,fav = 0 kN
Characteristic variable unfav. action, tension; Q t,k = 0 kN
Characteristic unfavourable perm. lateral action; G tr,k,unfav = 156 kN
Characteristic favourable permanent lateral action; G tr,k,fav = 0 kN
Characteristic variable lateral action; Q tr,k = 0 kN
Geotechnical partial and model factors:
Design approach 1:
Model factor on axial resistance; γ model = 1.40
Permanent unfavourable, A1 (Table A.3); γ G,unfav,A1 = 1.35
Permanent favourable, A1 (1); γ G,fav,A1 = 1.00
Variable unfavourable, A1 (Table A.3); γ Q,A1 = 1.50
Permanent unfavourable, A2 (Table A.3); γ G,unfav,A2 = 1.00
Permanent favourable, A2 (Table A.3); γ G,fav,A2 = 1.00
Variable unfavourable, A2 (Table A.3); γ Q,A2 = 1.30
Project Job no.
PILE-3B 3
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015
Characteristic axial resistance

Characteristic axial base resistance; R bk = A bearing × q bk = 0 kN
Characteristic axial shaft resistance per stratum
Stratum 1; R sk1 = q sk1 × Perim pile × tstrata1 =1570.8 kN
Stratum 2; R sk2 = q sk2 × Perim pile × (L - D strata2 ) =471.2 kN
Characteristic total axial shaft resistance; R sk = R sk1 + R sk2 = 2042 kN
Axial compressive resistance
Load combination 1: A1 + M1 + R1
Design compression action; F c,d,C1 = γ G,unfav,A1 × G c,k,unfav - γ G,fav,A1 × G c,k,fav + γ Q,A1 × Q c,k = 256.5 kN
Partial resistance factor, bearing (Table A.NA.7); γ b,R1 = 1.00
Partial resistance factor, shaft (Table A.NA.7); γ s,R1 = 1.00
Design compressive resistance; R c,d,C1 = (R bk / γ b,R1 + R sk / γ s,R1 ) / γ model = 1458.6 kN
F c,d,C1 / R c,d,C1 = 0.176
PASS - Design compressive resistance exceeds design load
Design compression action; F c,d,C2 = γ G,unfav,A2 × G c,k,unfav - γ G,fav,A2 × G c,k,fav + γ Q,A2 × Q c,k = 190 kN
Partial resistance factor, bearing (Table A.NA.7); γ b,R4 = 2.00
Partial resistance factor, shaft (Table A.NA.7); γ s,R4 = 1.60
Design compressive resistance; R c,d,C2 = (R bk / γ b,R4 + R sk / γ s,R4 ) / γ model = 911.6 kN
F c,d,C2 / R c,d,C2 = 0.208
PASS - Design compressive resistance exceeds design load
Axial tensile resistance
Design tension load; F t,d,C1 = γ G,unfav,A1 × G t,k,unfav - γ G,fav,A1 × G t,k,fav + γ Q,A1 × Q t,k = 229.5 kN
Partial resist. factor, shaft in tension (Table A.NA.7);γ s,t,R1 = 1
Design tensile resistance; R t,d,C1 = R sk / (γ s,t,R1 × γ model) = 1458.6 kN
F t,d,C1 / R t,d,C1 = 0.157
PASS - Design tensile resistance exceeds design load
Design tension load; F t,d,C2 = γ G,unfav,A2 × G t,k,unfav - γ G,fav,A2 × G t,k,fav + γ Q,A2 × Q t,k = 170 kN
Partial resist. factor, shaft in tension (Table A.NA.7);γ s,t,R4 = 2
Design tensile resistance; R t,d,C2 = R sk / (γ s,t,R4 × γ model) = 729.3 kN
F t,d,C2 / R t,d,C2 = 0.233
PASS - Design tensile resistance exceeds design load
Lateral analysis properties
Pile head fixity; Free
Eccentricity of applied action; e actual = 25 mm
Lateral action duration; Short-term
Lateral stratum details
n
Overburden pressure, p ozSi = ∑ γ ' ×t
i =1
i stratai
Stratum Characteristic Characteristic friction Characteristic unit Characteristic

cohesion, angle, weight of soil, overburden pressure,
c i,k (kN/m 2 ) φi,k (degrees) γ i,k (kN/m 3) p ozSi,k (kN/m 2 )
Project Job no.
PILE-3B 4
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015
1 0 20 20 100
2 0 33 20 200
Partial factors:
Angle of shearing resistance (Table A.4); γ φ',M1 = 1.00
Effective cohesion (Table A.4); γ c',M1 = 1.00
Undrained shear strength (Table A.4); γ cu,M1 = 1.00
Weight density (Table A.4); γ γ,M1 = 1.00
Lateral resistance factor; γ tr,R1 = 1.00
Stratum Design cohesion, Design friction angle, Design unit weight of Design overburden
c i,d (kN/m 2 ) φi,d (degrees) soil, pressure, p ozSi,d
3
γ i,d (kN/m ) (kN/m 2)
1 0 20 20 100
2 0 33 20 200
Resisting soil is divided into 10 segments to determine lateral resistance
From iteration, assume depth of point of rotation; X = 5638 mm
Distance from lateral action to ground; e = e actual = 25 mm
Segment 1 properties:
Depth to base of segment from ground; z Kq1= 1 × L / 10 = 650 mm
Depth to base of segment from top of stratum; z Kc1 = z Kq1 - D strata1 = 650 mm
Depth to pile width ratio for K q ; z Kq1 / h = 0.7
Depth to pile width ratio for K c; z Kc1 / h = 0.7
Effective overburden pressure; p oz1 = p ozS0,d + (z Kq1 - D strata1 ) × γ'1,d = 13 kN/m 2
Brinch Hansen coefficient, K q (Tomlison Fig 7.37); K q1 = 2.64
Brinch Hansen coefficient, K c (Tomlison Fig 7.37); K c1 = 8.64
Unit passive resist. at base (Tomlinson Eqn 7.49); p z1 = p oz1 × K q1 + c'1,d × K c1 = 34.354 kN/m 2
Unit passive resistance at mid-height; p z1,m = (p z1 + p z0 ) / 2 = 17.177 kN/m 2
Segment lateral point load; P LatS1 = L / 10 × p z1,m × h = 11.2 kN
Segment moment about applied load; M trS1 = P LatS1 × (e + (1 - 0.5) × L / 10) = 3.9 kNm
Segment moment about X; M XS1 = P LatS1 × (X - (1 - 0.5)× L / 10) = 59.3 kNm
Segment lateral point load; P LatS2 = L / 10 × p z2,m × h = 36 kN
Segment moment about applied load; M trS2 = P LatS2 × (e + (2 - 0.5) × L / 10) = 36 kNm
Project Job no.
PILE-3B 5
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015
Depth to pile width ratio for K q ; z Kq3 / h = 2

Depth to pile width ratio for K c; z Kc3 / h = 2
Project Job no.
PILE-3B 6
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015
Unit passive resist. at base (Tomlinson Eqn 7.49); p z8 = p oz8 × K q8 + c 2,d × K c8 = 1261.368 kN/m 2
Approximate calculation applying the unit passive resistance at mid-height above and below X:
Segment (above X) lateral point load; P LatS9t = (X - 8 × L / 10) × h × p z9,m = 599.8 kN
Segment (above X) moment about applied load; M trS9t = P LatS9t × (e + X - (X - (8 × L / 10)) / 2) = 3265.2 kNm
Segment (above X) moment about X; M XS9t = P LatS9t × ((X - (8 × L / 10)) / 2) = 131.3 kNm
Segment (below X) lateral point load; P LatS9b = -(9 × L / 10 - X) × h × p z9,m = -291 kN
Segment (below X) moment about applied load; M trS9b = P LatS9b × (e + X + (9 × L / 10 - X) / 2) = -1678.6 kNm
Segment (below X) moment about X; M XS9b = P LatS9b × ((X - (9 × L / 10)) / 2) = 30.9 kNm
Project Job no.
PILE-3B 7
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015
Depth to base of segment from ground; z Kq10 = 10 × L / 10 = 6500 mm

Segment lateral point load; P LatS10 = -L / 10 × p z10,m × h = -1035.4 kN
Segment moment about applied load; M trS10 = P LatS10 × (e + (10 - 0.5) × L / 10) = -6419.5 kNm
Sum of moments about point of load application near zero;
ΣM tr = M trS1 + M trS2 + M trS3 + M trS4 + M trS5 + M trS6 + M trS7 + M trS8 + M trS9t +
M trS9b + M trS10 = 1 kNm
Sum of moments about point of rotation;
ΣM X = M XS1 + M XS2 + M XS3 + M XS4 + M XS5 + M XS6 + M XS7 + M XS8 + M XS9t +
M XS9b + M XS10 = 2942.9 kNm
Calculated soil lateral resist. (Tomlinson Eqn 7.52); R tr,calc = ΣM X / (e + X) = 519.7 kN
Design lateral action; F tr,d,C1 = γG,unfav,A1 × G tr,k,unfav - γG,fav,A1 × G tr,k,fav + γ Q,A1 × Q tr,k = 210.6 kN
Design lateral resistance; R tr,d,C1 = R tr,calc / γ tr,R1 = 519.7 kN
F tr,d,C1 / R tr,d,C1 = 0.405
PASS - Design lateral resistance exceeds lateral load
Partial factors:
Angle of shearing resistance (Table A.4); γ φ',M2 = 1.25
Effective cohesion (Table A.4); γ c',M2 = 1.25
Undrained shear strength (Table A.4); γ cu,M2 = 1.40
Weight density (Table A.4); γ γ,M2 = 1.00
Lateral resistance factor; γ tr,R4 = 1.00
Stratum Design cohesion, Design friction angle, Design unit weight of Design overburden
c i,d (kN/m 2 ) φi,d (degrees) soil, pressure, p ozSi,d
γ i,d (kN/m 3 ) (kN/m 2)
1 0 16.2 20 100
2 0 27.5 20 200
Project Job no.
PILE-3B 8
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015
Project Job no.
PILE-3B 9
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015
Project Job no.
PILE-3B 10
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015

Segment (below X) lateral point load; P LatS9b = -(9 × L / 10 - X) × h × p z9,m = -207.5 kN
M trS9b + M trS10 = -1 kNm
M XS9b + M XS10 = 2000.1 kNm
Design lateral action; F tr,d,C2 = γG,unfav,A2 × G tr,k,unfav - γG,fav,A2 × G tr,k,fav + γ Q,A2 × Q tr,k = 156 kN
Design lateral resistance; R tr,d,C2 = R tr,calc / γ tr,R4 = 355.3 kN
F tr,d,C2 / R tr,d,C2 = 0.439
PASS - Design lateral resistance exceeds lateral load
Lateral deflection analysis (Characteristic values)
Project Job no.
PILE-3B 11
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015

Effective overburden pressure; p oz1 = p ozS0,k + (z Kq1 - D strata1 ) × γ'1,k = 13 kN/m 2
Unit passive resist. at base (Tomlinson Eqn 7.49); p z1 = p oz1 × K q1 + c'1,k × K c1 = 34.354 kN/m 2
Segment lateral point load; P LatS2 = L / 10 × p z2,m × h = 36 kN
Project Job no.
PILE-3B 12
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015

Project Job no.
PILE-3B 13
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015
Unit passive resist. at base (Tomlinson Eqn 7.49); p z8 = p oz8 × K q8 + c 2,k × K c8 = 1261.368 kN/m 2
Segment (below X) lateral point load; P LatS9b = -(9 × L / 10 - X) × h × p z9,m = -291 kN
M trS9b + M trS10 = 1 kNm
Project Job no.
PILE-3B 14
AS 1/29/2015 SJ 1/24/2015 IG 1/29/2015

M XS9b + M XS10 = 2942.9 kNm
Lateral deflection
Characteristic lateral action; F tr,k = G tr,k,unfav - G tr,k,fav + Q tr,k = 156 kN
Virtual point of fixity, from iteration; V zf = R tr,calc - P LatS1 - P LatS2 - P LatS3 - P LatS4 - P LatS5 - P LatS6 - R × P LatS7 = 0
kN
z f = (6 + R) × L / 10 = 3920 mm
Actual lateral deflection at top of pile; δ Lat = (F tr,k × (e + z f)3 ) / (3 × E × I) = 1.98 mm
Allowable lateral deflection; δ LatAllow = 10 mm
δ Lat / δ LatAllow = 0.198
PASS - Allowable lateral deflection exceeds actual lateral deflection
;

3b Pile Torison

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Pile Moment Capacity Checking: PILE-3B

1. BASIC PILE DESIGN DATA

Reinforcement yeild strength fy  460 MPa

2.1 Concrete Strength Check

Outer Diameter Do  600

Working Load PL  190 kN

2.2 Ultimate Vertical Load Check

The pile is Vertical compression, tension and moment load.

Proposed vertical reinforcement 12 No 25mm dia.

( 0.4 fcu Ac  0.8 As fy)

Actulal Ultimate Load Pu  1.5 PL Factor =1.5

2.3 Elastic Analysis

Total lateral Load HT  HL  Hh  He

Dimensionless depth of embedment η*Lp

Deflection yf=(Ay*HT*T^3/ EI)+(By*Mt*T^2/EI)

From figure 6.26 a) Ay  2.5 By  1.8

 Ay HT 1000 T3   By Mt 1000 1000 T2 

Allowable deflection yf allow.= 25mm > yf therefore SAFE

Bending Moment Mf= (Am*HT*T^2/EI)+(BmMt/T)

From figure 6.26 b) Am1  0 Bm1  1

Mf  ( Am1 HT 1000 T)  ( Bm1 Mt 1000 1000)

Mf  6  108 Nmm say 600 kNm

Mf  ( Am2 HT 1000 T)  ( Bm2 Mt 1000 1000)

Mf  7.599  108 Nmm say 760 kNm

Torsional load on pile foundations is induced by the action of eccentric horizontal

qsk2 = 100 kN/m2

qski = Characteristic value, shaft resistance, q bki = Characteristic value, base

Characteristic axial resistance

Stratum Characteristic Characteristic friction Characteristic unit Characteristic

Depth to pile width ratio for K q ; z Kq3 / h = 2

Depth to base of segment from ground; z Kq10 = 10 × L / 10 = 6500 mm

Segment lateral point load; P LatS8 = L / 10 × p z8,m × h = 335.7 kN

From iteration, assume depth of point of rotation; X = 5638 mm

Brinch Hansen coefficient, K q (Tomlison Fig 7.37); K q4 = 3.4

Sum of moments about point of rotation;

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Deflection yf=(AyHTT^3/ EI)+(ByMtT^2/EI)

Bending Moment Mf= (AmHTT^2/EI)+(BmMt/T)