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Stability
Retaining walls may be defined as a wall built to resist the pressure of liquid, earth filling,
sand, or other granular material filled behind it after it is built. It is commonly required in
the constructionof hill roads, masonry dams, abutments and wings walls of bridges and so on.
Depending upon the site conditions, type of material to be retained and the height of the wall
to be constructed, retaining wall may be built in dry Stone masonry, stone masonry, brick
masonry, plain cement concrete and reinforced cement concrete.
Types of Retaining Walls:
Some of the types of Retaining Walls are,
1. Gravity Retaining walls
2. Cantilever Walls
3. Counterfort walls
4. Buttress Walls
(b). Total horizontal pressure (P) at a depth of (h) metre per metre length of wall is given by
the
formula :
Acting at h/3 metre from the base.
Case 2 : In case of surcharged retaining wall or wall retaining earth filled at slope of
a° to the horizontal, the formula giving lateral earth pressure (ph) is given by :