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GIS

.(Geographic Information System) . (Spatial Data)


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.
(Data Base)
.

(Data Base) (Query)

: .

( )
.
.

:
( )
.
. -
. -
. -
. -

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:
. (Software) - .(Hardware) -
. (People) - . (Graphical & attribute Data) -
. (Procedure) -

. (Hardware) - -

.
(Main Frame)
(Personal
Computer)

(GPS)
.
. ( )
. (Software) - -

. (GUI)
:
. q

. (Relational Database) q

. q

. (GUI) q

(Topological Relationships) q
( )
.
.
q

. (Multi- User Management)


. (Graphical & attribute Data) - -
-: .
. : (Tabular Data)
: (Spatial Data)
. (Arial Photos, Satellite Images, Digital Maps).
. "
. (People) - -

.
.

. (Procedure) - -

.
(Quality Control)
. (Network Analysis)

: -
" (Thematic Maps)
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.

- -

(Census – trada – name -postal cod )


.

Raster & Vector - -


(Vector) (Vector & Raster)
. (x,y)
. (x,y)
( ) .
.
(Vector)
.
(Raster) . (Raster)
.

. (Vector) (Raster) ( )

. (Vector) (Raster) "


(Raster) .
. (Vector)
) (Vector)
." (Vector) (

(Vector) (Raster)

. .
( ) ( )
. .
. .
. .
. .

.
. .....

(Vector) (Raster) ( )
: -
(Real World
Objects)
(Behaviors)
-:

(Data Collection) - -

. .

(Data Input) - -
.
. (Digitizing)

( )
( )

"
(Digitizer) . (Scanning)
(Data Conversion (GIS) (CAD)
" " Tools)
.

(Data Manipulation) - -
: .

.
(Raster) "
. (Vector)
(Data integration) - -

(Data Projection and scaling completeness) - -

. "

" . "

( )
(Data Collection Sources) - -

(x,y,z)

( ) .

. ....... (GPS, Total Station)

(Data Modeling) - -
(Model)

( )

.
A B A+B
(Topology)
( )
.
"
:" ) ( . . )
: ( .…

: -
B : )
.( ) (A

:" ) : -

( )
.( ) ( AB C

: -
" )

.( ) (

( )

(Data Management) - -

(DBMS)
.

" "

(DBMS)

(Keys )

.
( )
"
.
(Data Analysis and Querying) - -

:
. .
. .
. .
:
( ) .
.

"

-:

What If? (Modeling) What is at? , Where is it? , Where Specific patterns? , What has
changed? .

-:

(Proximity Analysis) -
-:
. •
. •

( )
(Buffering)
.

Overlay Analysis -

.
.

(Overlay) ( )
: .
. ...
..
Visualization -

.
.

.
( )
(Network Analysis) -

..
(Edges , Joints) .
..
. ..

. ..

: -
:"

."

"
. ( )
.

.
" ( , : )
.
."
. .

-:

: (Base Maps) -

. .
: (Environmental Maps) -

: (Information Maps) -

:"

. ..

( )
.
.

: :"
. " "
" .

.
"
.

: "

-
" " "
:

(Remote Sensing) - -

GIObaI Positioning Systems (GPS) - -


(GPS)

GPS ( )
. (Tracking system)

(Geodesy & Photogrammetry) - -


:
)
.( ......
.
) :
. (

(Cartography) - -
( )
GIS
"
..
.

Data Base Management Systems (DBMS) - -

Computer Aided Drawings (CAD) - -

( )
.

: -

:
: :
" .

(Spatial Commands)
.
: (Impedance)

( ) : (Impedance)
.

.
.
: . (Cost)

.
( )
.
(Allocation) -

( ) " .

"
.
.
(Tracing) -

" .

( )

: :
... - - - - )
. " " .(

:
.
" .
.

( .... )
.

.....
. .

. ( )

:
"
.

:
)
(

:
" "

( )

.
(DEM)

(DEM) ( )
.
.

:
"

( )

:
" "
.
: " (best site selection)
....

"
:
.

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