Professional Documents
Culture Documents
us.
Circular·
Department
of Transportation
Federal Aviaflon
Administration
3. BACKGROUND.
a. Basic principles. This AC focuses on basic
principles regarding design and installation of combined
shoulder harness and safety belt restraint systems which
evolve to satisfy the applicable requirements of the FAR. In
particular, the following subjects are discussed:
(l )
common shoulder harness - safety belt designs;
types of hardware available;
(2)
( 3) ramifications of some hardware combinations;
( 4) effects of the installation geometry;
( 5) strength characteristics needed to accommodate
an accident loading environment; and
( 6) structural attachment concepts.
b. Emphasis. Emphasis ls placed on performance of a
combined shoulder harness and safety belt installation in an
accident environment. The accident environment produces
dynamic action and reaction forces which peak to some value
and decline to zero or reverse direction In milliseconds, and
most accidents will involve more than one force application
cycle. Interaction between the occupant and the seat should
be considered, as well as the interaction between the
occupant and the shoulder harness-safety belt installation.
--
AC 21-34 6/4/93
ohn K. McGrath
anager, Aircraft Engineering Division
Aircraft Certification Service
ii
6/4/93 AC 21-34
CONTENTS
CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 1 i 1
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
c. Benefits ...................................... l
b. Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
d. Buckles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
iii
AC 21-34 6/4/93
4. INSTALLATION GEOMETRY
( 2 ) Steep angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6. RESTRAINT LOADS
a. Strength criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7. STRUCTURAL ATTACHMENTS
a. Preferred method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
( l ) Concept l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
( 2 ) Concept 2 .................................... 3 2
( 3) Concept 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
iv
6/4/93 AC, 21-34
CHAPTER 3. CONCLUSIONS
8. SUMMARY ...•..•.•..••••........•.•••.•••••..••....• 39
a. Intent of AC .................................. 39
V
AC 21-34 6/4/93
LIST OF FIGURES
Page.
1. Typical Aircraft Shoulder Harness systems .............. 2
9. End F 1 t tings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
vi
6/4/93 AC 21-34
Clap 1
Par 1
1
AC 21-34 6/4/93
(a) (b)
Cc) (d)
Figure 1. Typical Aircraft Shoulder Harness Systems
Olap 1
2 ~2
6/4/93 AC 21-34
/' 2
3 3
4
6 5
---6
5
(a) (b)
ITEM IDENTITY
1. Inertial reel
2. Shoulder strap
3. Lap belt anchor
4. Buckle with shoulder strap connection
5. Lap belt
6. Adjuster/Fitting
Figure 2. Retractors and Manual Length Adjusters
Clap 1
Par 2 3
AC 21-34
6/4/93
ITEM IDENTITY
I. luo~ .....eie,
A. Sf•• ,olnt
,.1eo.. lluelde
8. NeQotl¥e • G 3lrop
C, T...._. 011e11or
.........,.....
2 . ..., lllff _ . . ,
A, Lip Nit
~
I. Shoular .._..
A. IMrtlo - •
...,
I. lliertlot•fflllP
e, &.ow., IIIM141er
o. Adjuatv
,-nq~.;,.~ .
1. luotlol __...,
1
............. .
.,
A. Sl11t1e- ,olftt
.............
I e. ac..,
1'IHlwll
, I. ...., Mite-Mr
A. Lop Nit
I' l."-'-tor
I. Sllolll4ler11411M1t
oaMor........,
A. PM
I4.
I. ,._..., flltltlt
C. Ad)dN'
o. Lower . . . . . ..,..,.
IMf'tlo rNI ........,
A.IWltctecltlDp
I!
•• AncllOr
e. "*''°,...
,111 .., , - . . . )
(b)
DUAL SHOULDER HARNESS
ADVANCE CONCEPT
Figure 3. Hal::'dWare Application Concepts
Chap 1
4 ~2
6/4/93 JAC 21-34
Oia.p 2
Par 3
5
:w::, 21-34 6/4/93
Chap 2
Par 3
6
6/4/93 N:, 21-34
Olap 2
Par 3 7
AC 21-34 6/4/93
.. ~.
\
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~,~ ... : i
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....
; ;''':,,,,
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tl.:(
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00 0
8
AC 21-34 6/4/93
Chap 2
Par 3 9
AC 21-34 6/4/93
Chap 2
10 Par 3
6/4/93 N:. 21-34
SPRING LOADED
TILT LOCK ADJUSTER
(a)
• ~~/Locl,.Bo,
~ . Lock
~-1111,
~ 1.
Sp1ng
I Section A•A
Ancllor
To
llucldl
(a-1) PROPER WEBBING LOOP
~ ~ii!ii1i1iJiHStr
F-enc1(
W.11111119
Stitc:lledF<ild (a-2)
........
IMPROPER WEBBING LOOP
'
Buckll 111-1'
TIit Locll Ad.,.,.,
(b)
IN•UNE
TILT LOCK ADJUSTn
(Cl
\,:r-r-,-.
-,~,
Section 11-a Ponible
(~-I) PROPER W£B81NG LOOP Bel\CI
S.CliNI C•C
Section 8/8 (C•I) PflOP£R WESIIIH6 LOOP
<llap 2
Par 3 11
AC 21-34 6/4/93
SECTION A-A
~2
12 Par 3
6/14/93 'AC 21-34
Chap 2
Par 3 13
AC. 21-34 6/4/93
applications.
Olap 2
14 Par 3
6/14/93 AC. 21-34
ebbfnt
Chap 2
Par 3 15
16
6/4/93 AC 21-34
Chap 2
Par 4
17
N:. 21-34 6/4/93
Cl1ap 2
18 Par 4
6/4/93 AC 21-34
(a) (b)
Seaf reference
point (typical)
(c) ( d)
Chap 2
Par 4
19
AC 21-34 6/4/93
Col (b)
(C)
(d)
Chap 2
Par 4 21
AC. 21-34 6/4/93
Chap 2
22 Par 4
6/4/93 N:. 21-34
(a) (b)
(c) td)
shoulder, with the lower end fastened well to the side of the
severe accident the torso may twist around the belt and even
center of mass or the upper torso. the body may rotate around
panel.
<llap 2
24 Par 4
6/4/93 AC 21-34
Chap 2
'PA1" 4
25
AC 21-34 6/4/93
(b)
\
\
\ /
\ /
\ /
/
\ /
\ /
\ /
/
(c >
26 Chap 2
Par 4
6/4/93 AC 21-34
Chap 2
Par 4
27
AC 21-34 6/4/93
Chap 2
28 Par 4
6/4/93 AC 21-34
back, transfer of this load through the seat back fold over
6. RESTRAINT LOADS.
a. Strength criteria. Minimum strength criteria £or
Cllap 2
Par 5 29
'PC 21-34 6/4/93
TABLE 1
Chap 2
30 Par 6
6/4/93 1C 21-34
Chap 2
Par 6 31
AC 21-34 6/4/93
32
6/4/93 AC 21-34
t,. Boll
~ Clwt•,,,
Wollltlno Guill•
"lypicol Alloch
·o
Chap 2
Par i 33
AC 21-34 6/4/93
34
6/4/93 AC 21-34
Chap 2
Par 7 35
AC 21-34 6/4/93
Chap 2
36 Par 7
6/14/93 AC 21-34
(a)
Cb)
O'lap 2
Par 7 37
AC 21-34
6/4/93
Chap 2
38 Par 7
6/4/93 1',C 21-34
CHAPTER 3. CONCLUSIONS
8. SUMMARY.
a. Intent of AC. The intent of this AC is to provide
guidance £or achieving an ef£ective shoulder harness-sa£ety
belt installation in the dynamic loading environment 0£ an
accident. It is recognized, however, that compromises are
necessary in some aircraft due to the absence of sufficient
structure at the ideal attachment points. Factors of
hardware, geometric ramifications, strength and attachment
techniques are presented to assist in making intelligent
decisions in selecting and installing a shoulder harness
safety belt system. A checklist of £.a~tors to consider
follows:
b. Shoulder Harness-Safety Belt Checklist.
(l) Width of webbing in contact with occupant;
nominally 2.0 inches or more;
(2) Minimize webbing length for less webbing
stretch;
(3) Flexible cable in lieu of guy wire cable;
(4) Buckle release £orce should be 12 pounds or
less in the unloaded condition;
(5) Single buckle for release and escape;
(6) Webbing properly looped on length adjusters;
(7) Tilt lock adjusters lock at 30 degrees or more;
(8) Emergency locking retractors (inertia reels)
engage at 0.75 to l.5 G's;
(9) Automatic locking and emergency locking
retractors mounted to provide straight line entry
and exit angle of webbing (very important if webbing
guide not present);
(10) Retractor mounts designed to resist restraint
loads by shear 0£ the retractor mounting bolts;
Chap 3
Par 8 39
AC 21-34 6/4/93
40 Chap 3
Par 8
6/4/93 AC 21-34
Chap 3
Par 8 *U.S. G,P,0,:1993-343-273:80048 41