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1
INTRODUCTION
What is metal cutting ? part
feed tool
Removal of material from a part in the form of chips so as to
attain a final desired shape and size
FACULTY NAME
DEPARTMENT NAME
IIT KHARAGPUR 2
INTRODUCTION
Attaining shape and size : Manufacturing
There are various other methods of manufacturing
Manufacturing methods : Casting, Forming, welding,
Conventional machining, Non‐conventional machining, Rapid
prototyping
FACULTY NAME
DEPARTMENT NAME
IIT KHARAGPUR 3
INTRODUCTION
Metal cutting : Cutting tool, work piece, fixture, relative
motion, operator
FACULTY NAME
DEPARTMENT NAME
IIT KHARAGPUR 4
INTRODUCTION
Part / Job / work piece rotates
Chip comes out
Cutting
tool
INTRODUCTION
A typical single point turning tool
Planes, edges and points
FACULTY NAME
DEPARTMENT NAME
IIT KHARAGPUR 6
INTRODUCTION
Machine tool : Set‐up for rigidly holding tool‐work piece pair
and providing relative motion between them
Examples of machine tools : Lathe, Milling machine, Shaping
machine, Grinding machine, Drilling machine
FACULTY NAME
DEPARTMENT NAME
IIT KHARAGPUR 7
8
METAL CUTTING AND MACHINE TOOLS
2ND LECTURE: GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 1
1
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 1
A typical single point turning tool
(SPTT) is considered as the basic cutting SPTT
tool in machining
Rake
surface
Aux.
Planes – Rake surface, Principal flank flank Pr. flank
and Auxiliary flank
A Roy Choudhury
Mech Engg
IIT KHARAGPUR 2
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 1
Machine tool : Set‐up for rigidly holding tool‐work piece pair
and providing relative motion between them
Examples of machine tools : Lathe, Milling machine, Shaping
machine, Grinding machine, Drilling machine
FACULTY NAME
DEPARTMENT NAME
IIT KHARAGPUR 3
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 1
Rake surface is that over which the
chips flow Tool‐in‐
hand
system
Rake
Principal flank faces the unfinished surface
Aux.
part surface, Aux. flank faces the
flank Pr. flank
finished part surface
A Roy Choudhury
Mech Engg
IIT KHARAGPUR 4
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 1
The principal cutting edge is the
intersection of Rake surface and Pr. Tool in
flank hand
Aux. Cutting system
edge Rake
surface
The auxiliary cutting edge is the
Aux.
intersection of Rake surface and Aux. flank Pr. flank
flank Pr. Cutting
Tool nose edge
FACULTY NAME
DEPARTMENT NAME
IIT KHARAGPUR 5
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 1
Machine reference system : Planes, angles Z
and edges of a tool placed in the coordinate Y
system of a machine tool
X Machine
horizontal
plane πxy
Machine
longitudinal
American system of tool SPTT
plane πx
nomenclature uses Machine
these angle definitions transverse
plane πy
FACULTY NAME
DEPARTMENT NAME
IIT KHARAGPUR 6
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 1
γx
Machine reference system : Planes, angles and πx
edges of a tool placed in the coordinate system of
a machine tool αx Auxiliary
Principal Cutting
γy : Back rake angle
Cutting edge
γx : Side rake angle
αy : Back clearance
edge
фe
αx : Side clearance αy
фs
фs : Approach angle γy
фe : End Cutting American system of
Edge Angle
tool nomenclature uses πy
these angle definitions πxy
FACULTY NAME
DEPARTMENT NAME
IIT KHARAGPUR 7
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 1
Z, Vc
Orthogonal rake system : System of tool Cutting
plane πc
nomenclature based on the plane of cut. Reference
Y plane πR
X
Orthogonal
Reference plane, plane πo
Cutting plane, SPTT
orthogonal plane,
FACULTY NAME
DEPARTMENT NAME
IIT KHARAGPUR 8
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 1
FACULTY NAME
DEPARTMENT NAME
IIT KHARAGPUR 9
10
METAL CUTTING AND MACHINE TOOLS
3rd LECTURE: GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 2
1
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 1
Z, Vc
Normal rake system : System of tool
Orthogonal
nomenclature based on the plane of cut. plane πo
Y
X Reference
λ plane πR
Reference plane,
Cutting plane,
SPTT
orthogonal Normal
Cutting
plane,Normal plane plane πc plane πn
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR 2
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 1
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR 3
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT
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TURNING TOOLS - 1 γx
S tan x B tan y O tan o
αx
αy
S
ф O B
cos 1 tan x sin 1 tan y tan o
γy
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT
This image cannot currently be display ed.
TURNING TOOLS - 1
γx
O tan S tan x B tan y
αx
O B αx
S
tan sin 1 tan x cos 1 tan y
γy
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS - 1
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αy
λ
ф
ф1
πc
γy
tan cos 1 sin 1 tan o tan y
πR
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT
This image cannot currently be display ed.
TURNING TOOLS - 1
γx
L tan S cot x B cot y
αx
L B αy
S
tan cos cot x sin cot y
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT
This image cannot currently be display ed.
TURNING TOOLS - 1
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT
This image cannot currently be display ed.
TURNING TOOLS - 1
αx
L tan B cot x O cot o
λ
ф
L
B ф1
πc
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT
TURNING TOOLS - 1
ф L
B
ф1
L tan ' O cot 'o B cot ' x
cot ' x sin 1 cot 'o tan ' cos 1
πR
10
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT
TURNING TOOLS - 1
Let us do this ourselves
11
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR 12
METAL CUTTING AND MACHINE TOOLS
4th LECTURE: DIFFERENT TYPES OF CUTTING TOOLS
1
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT
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TURNING TOOLS - 1
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT
This image cannot currently be display ed.
TURNING TOOLS - 1
αx
L tan B cot x O cot o
λ
ф
L
B ф1
πc
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT
TURNING TOOLS - 1
ф L
B
ф1
L tan ' O cot 'o B cot ' x
cot ' x sin 1 cot 'o tan ' cos 1
πR
4
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT
TURNING TOOLS - 1
Let us do this ourselves
5
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR 6
METAL CUTTING AND MACHINE TOOLS
5th LECTURE: DIFFERENT CUTTING TOOLS NUMERICAL PROBLEMS,
1
TOPIC NAME γx
αx 1
The master lines for
rake and clearance фα фγ αy
ф
γy
tan max tan x tan y
2 2
tan x
tan
1
tan y
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IIT KHARAGPUR 2
TOPIC NAME γx
αx 1
The master lines for
rake and clearance фα фγ
ф
1 1 1
cot x cot y cot cos cot y cot y cot sin
2 2 2
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IIT KHARAGPUR 3
TOPIC NAME
Inclination angle of the main cutting edge is 00 and Orthogonal rake is 7.50. Principal
cutting edge angle = 750 and auxiliary cutting edge angle = 150. Auxiliary inclination
angle is (in degrees)
a.5
b. 7.5
c. 2.5
d. 3.74
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IIT KHARAGPUR 4
TOPIC NAME
In a single point turning tool, the orthogonal rake angle is equal to the normal rake
angle. In that case,
a. The inclination angle must be necessarily zero
b. The inclination angle must be necessarily non‐zero
c. The orthogonal rake must be necessarily zero
d. None of these
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IIT KHARAGPUR 5
TOPIC NAME
In a single point turning tool, the principal cutting edge angle is 900. In that case
a. The orthogonal rake angle and the back rake angle are necessarily equal
b. The normal rake angle and the side rake angle are necessarily equal
c. The orthogonal rake angle is necessarily zero
d. The orthogonal rake angle and the side rake angle are necessarily equal
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IIT KHARAGPUR 6
ASIMAVA ROY CHOUDHURY
MECHANICAL ENGG
IIT KHARAGPUR 7