ABSTRACT

We know that there is enough wind globally to satisfy much, or even most, of
humanity's energy requirements – if it could be harvested effectively and on a large
scale. Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs), which may be as efficient as current
horizontal axis systems, might be practical, simpler and significantly cheaper to
build maintain than horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs).They also have other
inherent advantages, such as they are always facing the wind, which might make
them a significant player in our quest for cheaper, cleaner renewable sources of
electricity.

Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are a type of wind turbine where the main
rotor shaft is set vertically. Among the advantages of this arrangement are that
generators and gearboxes can be placed close to the ground, and that VAWTs do not
need to be pointed into the wind.

In this project we attempt to design and fabricate a Savonius Vertical Axis Wind
Turbine.

KEYWORDS: kinetic energy, air velocity, air density, wind power, Shear stress, tip-
speed ratiotip-speed ratio, dynamic load , bearing strength .

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 LIST OF CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT ii

LIST OF TABLES iiv

LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF SYMBOLS vii

1 INTRODUCTION………………….………..…......1

2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT…………................…4

3 GENDRAL THEORY
3.1 VERTICAL AXIS WIND MILL AND IT’S TYPES…..……..6

3.2 EXPLAINATION ON SAVONIOUS WINDMILL………....11

3.3 WORKING OF SAVONIOUS WINDMILL………………....12

3.4 ADVANTAGES OF SAVONIOUS WINDMILL……………13

3.5 THE SOURCE OF WIND……………………….……....…....14
3.6 PRINCPLE OF DC GENERATOR……………..………........15
3.7 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF WIND POWER GENERATION… 16

3.8 REQUIREMENTS FOR PLACING THE VAWT…………….17

3.9 INDIA’S MARKET OVERVIEW ON WIND ENERGY.........18

4 DESIGN CALCULATION

4.1 THEORITICAL POWER OF WIND…………………………20

4.2 THEORITIAL ROTOR POWER OF WINDMILL……….….22

4.3 DESIGN OF GEAR……………………………………….…..23

4.4 CALCULATION OF SHAFT DESIGN…………………...…26

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5 ASSEMBLY AND MODELS

5.1 ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE………………………………….28

5.2 ASSEMBLED MODELS(3D &3D)…………………………..29

6 FABRICATION TECHNIQUES……………………..31

7 PARTS OF SAVONIOUS WINDMILL……...……..35

8 PART DIAGRAMS

8.4 FIN……………………….…………..…………………….41

8.1 GEAR…………………………………..……………………42

8.2 PINION……………………….……………………………..43

8.3 BEARING……………………………………………...……44

8.5 SHAFT…………………………………..……..…………….45

9 APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGE

9.1 APPLICATIONS OF WIND ENERGY……………………..47

9.2 ADVANTAGE OF VAWT OVER HAWT………………...47

10 CONCLUSION &FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS...50

11 REFERENCES……………….…………….…………..….51

12 FRABRICATED SAVONIOUS WINDMILL

PHOTO.….52

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NAME OF TABLES PAGENO

GENERAL THEORY

3.1 INDIA’S POWER SUPPLY FROM WIND...18

DESIGN CALCULATIONS

4.1 RESULT OF VELOCITY OF AIR………....26

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 LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE NAME OF FIGURE PAGE NO
GENDRAL THEORY
3.1 DARRIEUS.………………………………….……………....6
3.2 GIROMILL………….…………………………….…………8
3.3 SAVONIOUS WINDMILL. …………………………….…..9
3.4 TWISTED SAVONIOUS WINDMILL.……………………10
3.5 SAVONIOUS BLADE REPRESENTATION ……………...12
3.6 PRINCIPLE OF DC GENERATOR OPERATION…………15

ASSEMBLY AND MODELS

5.2 3-D model……………………………………………………..29
5.3 2-D model……………………………………………………..30

FABRICATION TECHNIQUES
6.1 WELDING PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT……………....…33
6.2 BOLTS AND NUTS…………………………………..............34

PARTS OF FRABRICATION
7.1 BLADE………………………………………………..………36
7.2 BEARING…………………………………………………..…37
7.3 GEAR……………………………………………………..…...38
7.4 DC GENERATOR…………………………………….……….38
7.5 FRAME………………………………………………...............39

PART DIAGRAMS
8.1 GEAR…………………………………..……………………….42
8.2 PINION……………………….………………………………...43
8.3 BEARING………..…………….………..……..…….…...……44
8.4 FIN………………………………………………………….…..41
8.5 SHAFT……….……..…………….……...……..……………….45

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

10.1 REPRESENTATION OF SPRING IN THE SHAFT…………50
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 LIST OF SYMBOLS

SYMBOLS NAME OF THE SYMBOL UNIT

M MASS OF AIR kg

A AREA SWEPT BY ROTATING BLADE Sq.m

ρ rho (DENSITY) Kg/m^3

D DIAMETER OF BLADE m

V VELOCITY OF AIR m^3/s

R RADIUS OF BLADE m

Pr ROTOR POWER w

Cp POWER COEFFICIENT

P WIND POWER W

σb ACTUAL BENDING STRESS OF THE N/m^2

ELEMENT

τ MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS N/m^2

N SPEED OF MOTOR rpm

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