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Activity 1
1. ionic compound, hydrogen , acid , metal , ammonium
2.
Acid Formula of acid Salt Formula Cation Anion
Hydrochloric acid HCl Sodium chloride NaCl Na+ Cl-
Carbonic acid H2CO3 Potassium carbonate K2CO3 K+ CO32-
Sulphuric acid H2SO4 Copper(II) sulphate CuSO4 Cu2+ SO42-
Nitric acid HNO3 Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 NH4+ NO3-
Nitric acid HNO3 Magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2 Mg2+ NO3-
Ethanoic acid CH3COOH Sodium ethanoate CH3COONa Na+ CH3COO-
Activity 2
1. sodium, potassium and ammonium.
2. nitrate
3. lead(II), barium and calcium sulphate
4. lead(II), argentums and mercury(I) chloride
5. sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonate
Activity 3
1. a. metal + acid salt + hydrogen
b. metal oxide (or metal hydroxide) + acid salt + water
c. alkali + acid salt + water
e. metal carbonate + acid salt + carbon dioxide + water
2. a. Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2
b. (i) CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O
(ii) Zn(OH)2 + 2HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + 2H2O
c. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
d. MgCO3 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
3.
Activity 5
Name of chemical : copper(II) oxide and sulphuric acid
Chemical equation : CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O
Procedure :
1. Pour 50 cm 3 of sulphuric acid 1 mol dm-3 into a beaker. Warm the acid
2. Use a spatula to add copper(II) oxide powder bit by bit into the acid. Stir the mixture well.
3. Continue adding copper(II) oxide until some of it no longer dissolves.
4. Remove the unreacted copper(II) oxide by filtration
5. Pour the filtrate into an evaporating dish. Gently heat the solution to produce a saturated salt
solution.
6. Cool the saturated solution until crystals are formed.
7. Filter to obtain the copper(II) nitrate crystals, rinse the salt with a little distilled water.
8. Dry the crystal by pressing them between filter papers
9. Purification process – Recrystallisation
Place the copper(II) sulphate crystal in a beaker.
Add just enough distilled water to cover the crystals. Gently heat the solution and stir with a
glass rod. Add water bit by bit until all the crystal are dissolved.
Filter to remove impurities and pour the filtrate into an evaporating dish.
Gently heat the solution to obtain a saturated salt solution.
Cool the hot saturated to obtain to allow it to crystallize.
Filter and press the crystals with a few pieces of filter paper to dry them.
Activity 6
1. Precipitation, double decomposition reaction, ions , precipitate
2. Example 1: Barium sulphate, BaSO4
Solution 1: Barium chloride/nitrate
Solution 2: sodium/potassium sulphate
Chemical equation : BaCl2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaCl
Ionic Equation : Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
Example 2: Copper carbonate, CuCO3
Solution 1: copper(II) nitrate/sulphate/chloride
Solution 2: Sodium/potassium carbonate
Chemical equation : Cu(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 CuCO3 + 2NaNO3
Ionic Equation : Cu2+ + CO32- CuCO3
Observation : green precipitate formed
Activity 7
Activity 8
Test Tube 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Volume of Pb(NO3)2 /cm3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
No of mole of Pb(NO3)2 0.0025
Volume of K2CrO4 /cm3 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
No of mole of K2CrO4 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0025 0.0030 0.0035
Height of precipitate / cm 0.45 0.90 1.40 1.90 2.30 2.30 2.30
Colour of the solution Colourless Yellow
above the precipitate
(b)
Height of precipitate / cm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(ii) 0.0025 mole of chromate(VI) ions that has reacted with 0.0025 mole of Pb2+. ions.
1 mole of chromate(VI) ions that has reacted with 1 mole of Pb2+. ions.
(iii) PbCrO4
(iv) ionic equation : Pb2+ + CrO42- PbCrO4
(d) The height increase from test 1 to 5 and become constant from test tube 5 to 7.
(e) In test tube 1-4, there are excess lead(II) ions, so more precipitate are formed when
increasing volume of CrO42- solution added. In test tube 5-7 all the lead(II) ions had reacted
with chromate(VI) ions, so the amount of precipitate formed is the same.
Question