1.

Name Three Steps Which You Would Use To Troubleshoot Ftp Server
Related Problems.?
Answer :
Test basic connectivity with ping, Check with nmap if the ports are open (20 and
21). Check if a firewall is restricting traffic to the server.
2. How Would You Troubleshoot Dns Problems?
Answer :
Ping the DNS server and check the response. Check with wireshark if DNS
request and response packets are being sent and received.
3. Name Three Steps Which You Would Use To Troubleshoot Internet
Related Problems.?
Answer :
Check the connectivity with the default gateway. Check if the DNS server is
configured on the PC. Check if the appropriate port number is active using nmap
on the DNS server.
4. How Would You Troubleshoot Dhcp Server Related Issues.?
Answer :
Check the IP connectivity with the DHCP server from a system configured on the
network. Test if the DHCP client and server service is started on the DHCP server
and the client. Test if the DHCP server service is reachable using nmap.
5. A User Is Unable To Telnet Into The Router. Explain The Methodology Of
Troubleshooting.?
Answer :
Check the IP connectivity using ping. Check if port 23 is open on the router using
nmap.
6. A User Is Able To Ping Ip Addresses On The Internet , But Unable To
Access It Via Domain Names. Should The Dns Server Be Configured On
The Gateway Or The Client.
Answer :
The DNS server can be a public server or the gateway address. If it is the gateway
address, the DNS server address should be configured on the gateway. The DNS
server should also be configured on the users TCP/IP adapter.
7. What Are The Differences Among Router, Switch And Hub?
Answer :
Hub (layer 1 Device):
o Hubs, also known as repeaters, are network devices that can operate on
layer-1 (I.e. the physical layer) to connect network devices for
communication.
o A common connection point for devices in a network (Physical Layer-
Layer1). When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other
ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.
Switch (layer 2 Device)::
o Switches are network devices that operate on layer-2 of OSI model of
communication.
o Switches are also known as intelligent hubs.
In networks, a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments.
Switches operate at the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network
layer(layer 3) of the OSI Reference Model .
Router (layer 3 Device):
o Routers are the network devices that operate at Layer-3 of OSI model of
communication.
o As layer-3 protocols have access to logical address (IP addresses) so
routers have the capability to forward data across networks.
o Sometimes routers are also known as layer-3 switches.
A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at
least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP [Network
Layer (Layer3)]
8. What Are The Types Of Lan Cables Used?
Answer :
o Straight Cable
o Cross Cable
9. What Is A Cross Cable?
Answer :
Its used to connect same type of devices without using a switch/hub so that they
can communicate.
10. What Could Be The Maximum Length Of The Lan Cable?
Answer :
The theoretical length is 100 meters but after 80 meters you may see drop in
speed due to loss of signal.
11. What Would You Use To Connect Two Computers Without Using
Switches?
Answer :
Cross cable.
12. What Is Ipconfig Command? Why It Is Used?
Answer :
IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information assigned to a computer.
From the output we can find out the IP address, DNS IP address, gateway IP
address assigned to that computer.
13. What Is Apipa Ip Address? Or What Ip Address Is Assigned To The
Computer When The Dhcp Server Is Not Available?
Answer :
When DHCP server is not available the Windows client computer assignes an
automatic IP address to itself so that it can communicate with the network
cmputers. This ip address is called APIPA. ITs in the range of 169.254.0.0 to
169.254.255.255
APIPA stands for Automatic private IP addressing.
14. What Is A Domain? What Is The Difference Between A Domain And A
Workgroup?
Answer :
Domain is created when we install Active Directory. It's a security boundary
which is used to manage computers inside the boundary. Domain can be used to
centrally administor computers and we can govern them using common policies
called group policies. We can't do the same with workgroup.
Domain: Collecton of clients controlled by the server called Domain
Work Group : Colletion of Client network called Work Group
15. What Is Ping Utility?
Answer :
PING: Packet Internet Gropper. It's a diagnostic utility, which diagnose
connectivitybetween computers. It use ICMP: Internet Control Messaging
protocol to send echorequests ( usually 4 packets) and receive echo replies (4
packets)
16. What Is The Difference Between Physical Address And Logical Address?
Answer :
Physical Address: It’s called as MAC Address (48 bit)
Logical Address : It’s Called as Ip Address (IPv4 -32 bit & IPv6 -128 bit)
17. What Is The Range Of Addresses In The Classes Of Internet Addresses?
Answer :
ClassA : 1-126 N.H.H.H 1.0.0.1 to126.255.255.254 - 16 million hosts on each
of 127 networks.
ClassB : 128 -191 N.N.H.H 1 28.1.0.1 to191.255.255.254 - 65,000 hosts on each
of 16,000 networks.
ClassC: 192- 223 N.N.N.H 192.0.1.1 to223.255.254.254 - 254 hosts on each of 2
million networks.
ClassD : 224-239 - Reserved for multicast groups.
ClassE: 240-254 - Reserved for future use.
Ranges 127.x.x.x are reserved for loopback or local host
Range of 169.254.X.X is APIPA, stands for automatic private IP addressing
18. What Is The Difference Between Public And Private Ip Addresses?
Answer :
Public IP addresses:
A public IP address is any valid address, or number, that can be accessed over
the Internet. Internet standards groups, such as the Network Information Center
(NIC) or the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), are the organizations
responsible for registering IP ranges and assigning them to organizations, such
as Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
Private IP addresses:
A private IP address is any number or address assigned to a device on a private
TCP/IP Local Area Network that is accessible only within the Local Area Network.
For a resource inside the Local Area Network to be accessible over the Internet,
a device within the Local Area Network must be connected to the Internet with a
public IP address, and the networking must be appropriately configured.
The same Internet standards organizations have reserved the following
three IP address ranges that will never be registered publicly:
First IP in block Last IP in block
10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
19. Crimping Types & Colour Coding?
Answer :
1.Straight Crimping : Communication bw the Difference Devices
Ex.( System To Switch & Switch to System or Modem)
2.Cross Crimping : Communication bw the same Devices
Ex.( System To system & Switch to switch)
Straight:
o Orange white orange Orange white orange
o Green white blue Green white blue
o Blue white green Blue white green
o Brown white Brown Brown white Brown
Crosss:
o Orange white orange Green white Green
o Green white blue Orange white blue
o Blue white green Blue white Orange
o Brown white Brown Brown white Brown

20. What Is A Gateway?

Answer :
A default gateway is a routing device used to forward all traffic that is not
addressed to a destination within the local network or local subnet. If you don’t
have a default gateway, it is not possible to communicate with the network
device/host of different networks.
21. What Is Subnet Mask?
Answer :
Subnet mask is used for identify the Network.
Example:
For a class A address, a standard subnet mask is 255.0.0.0,
For a class B address, a standard subnet mask is 255.255.0.0,
For a class C address, a standard subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.