DESIGN OF STRUCTURE

Construction of Dias in Indoor Stadium at Eluru

 SUPPORT REACTIONS

JOINT LOAD FORCE-X FORCE-Y FORCE-Z MOM-X MOM-Y MOM-Z

CASE

1 1 4.36 52.07 1.59 1.4 2.84 -4.41

2 1.5 15.12 -0.39 0.02 -0.26 -1.27
3 8.79 100.79 1.8 2.13 3.87 -8.53
2 1 1.29 123.38 75.6 70.86 -1.27 -1.15
2 0.47 86.3 68.41 62.77 -0.28 -0.35
3 2.64 314.53 216.02 200.45 -2.33 -2.25
3 1 0.51 126.96 77.74 72.99 0.19 -0.47
2 0.1 90.63 69.59 63.81 0.01 -0.07
3 0.92 326.39 221 205.2 0.29 -0.82
4 1 0 126.55 77.52 72.74 -0.02 0
2 0 90.23 69.57 63.8 0 0
3 0 325.16 220.63 204.81 -0.03 0
5 1 -0.5 127.12 77.83 73.07 -0.15 0.47
2 -0.09 90.81 69.71 63.92 -0.01 0.07
3 -0.89 326.89 221.31 205.48 -0.24 0.8
6 1 -1.27 124.5 76.35 71.57 1.14 1.13
2 -0.48 87.44 69.19 63.48 0.27 0.35
3 -2.62 317.9 218.31 202.59 2.12 2.23
7 1 -4.42 52.52 1.59 1.41 -2.79 4.46
2 -1.5 15.41 -0.39 0.02 0.25 1.29
3 -8.87 101.89 1.79 2.14 -3.8 8.62
8 1 35.4 70.38 0.51 0.4 2.06 -76.49
2 -0.01 31.39 0.34 0.21 0.01 0.05
3 53.08 152.66 1.28 0.91 3.1 -114.67
9 1 -35.38 70.87 0.51 0.4 -2.07 76.43
2 0.01 32.06 0.34 0.22 -0.01 -0.05
3 -53.05 154.39 1.29 0.92 -3.13 114.57
10 1 35.86 70.95 -0.51 -0.4 -1.86 -77.51
2 -0.01 31.74 -0.36 -0.22 -0.01 0.05
3 53.78 154.03 -1.31 -0.94 -2.8 -116.19
11 1 -35.84 71.44 -0.52 -0.41 1.87 77.44
2 0.01 32.42 -0.36 -0.22 0.01 -0.05
3 -53.74 155.78 -1.32 -0.95 2.82 116.09
12 1 4.39 52.53 -1.66 -1.46 -2.96 -4.46
2 1.5 15.37 0.41 -0.02 0.26 -1.27
3 8.83 101.85 -1.89 -2.22 -4.06 -8.6
13 1 1.3 123.43 -75.52 -70.69 1.3 -1.16
2 0.47 86.32 -68.41 -62.77 0.28 -0.35
3 2.65 314.62 -215.9 -200.19 2.37 -2.26
14 1 0.52 126.95 -77.75 -72.99 -0.19 -0.48
2 0.1 90.63 -69.59 -63.81 -0.01 -0.07
3 0.93 326.37 -221 -205.2 -0.29 -0.83
15 1 0 126.54 -77.52 -72.74 0.02 0
2 0 90.22 -69.57 -63.8 0 0
3 0 325.15 -220.63 -204.81 0.03 0
16 1 -0.51 127.11 -77.84 -73.07 0.15 0.47
2 -0.09 90.8 -69.71 -63.92 0.01 0.07
3 -0.9 326.87 -221.31 -205.49 0.24 0.81
17 1 -1.28 124.54 -76.27 -71.41 -1.17 1.15
 2 -0.48 87.45 -69.19 -63.48 -0.27 0.35
3 -2.63 317.99 -218.19 -202.33 -2.16 2.25
18 1 -4.45 52.98 -1.66 -1.47 2.91 4.51
2 -1.49 15.66 0.41 -0.02 -0.25 1.28
3 -8.91 102.96 -1.87 -2.23 3.99 8.69
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB:-
Design Parametres:-
Unit weight of RCC = 25KN/cum
Concrete mix : M25
Steel : Fe500
Cover to Reinforcement : 20mm
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 500N/sqmm
Item Slab panel Description
S1

Length of slab panel ly in m 11.96

Width of slab panel lx in m 3
ly/lx 3.99
Overall depth required in mm 115
Width of slab panel considered 'b' in 1.00
'm'
Depth provided 'D' in 'm' 0.115
Dia.of bars assumed 8mm
Dead load in KN/sqm 3.875
Live load in KN/sqm 5.00
Floor finishes in KN/sqm 1.00
Total Load in KN/sqm 9.875
Design Moment Me1(-)ve in KN-m 13.33
Effective depth for balanced section 69.5
in 'mm'
Effective depth provided 'd' in 'mm' 91
Actual depth of neutral axis 'xu' in 17.73
'mm'
Maximum depth of neutral axis 'xumax' 43.68
in 'mm'
Area of steel required Ast in 'mm2' 366.79
Main Steel provided at continuous 8mm@125m
edge m c/c
Area of steel provided in mm2 401.92
Dist. Steel provided at continuous 8mm@200m
edge m c/c
Area of steel provided in mm 2 251.2
 DESIGN OF PILE CAPS----PC2(1,7,8,9,10,11,12,18)

I) Design Parametres:-

Concrete mix : M25

Steel : Fe500
Cover to Reinforcement : 50mm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Unit weight of Brick masonry = 19.0KN/cum
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 500N/sqmm
Bredth of column = 0.30m
Depth of column = a = 0.60m
Dia of pile = 0.300m
Factored load on column = P = 155.78KN
Lateral load on column = Qh = 53.74KN
Bulk unit weight of soil = 18.0KN/cum
Coefficient of passive earth pressure = 3
Depth of pile = 4.00m
Cu = Undrained cohesion 43.5KN/sqm

II) Proportioning of pile cap:-

Factored load on the pile cap =

Add for self weight of pile cap =
Total load = Pu =

As per soil investigation report,safe load carrying capacity 380mm dia DUR piles
for 4.00m depth is = 320.00KN

As per clause 5.2.7.2 of IS:2911(Part III)-1980,the minimum spacing between the centre to centre of bored
piles should not be less than 1.5Du.

Providing two piles,the load carrying capacity of the pile cap will be

Reducing 25% for probable water in bulb,the load carrying capacity

Reducing 10% per each pile due to group action,the net safe load carrying
capacity

Hence,ultimate load carrying capacity of the pile cap =

As per the above criteria,the proposed pile cap is as shown below:-

z
1.73
0
 z
1.73

0.60
x x

z
III) Lateral load Analysis:-

As per Broom's theory,lateral load carrying capacity of fixed head piles in sandy soils is given by

Quh = 1.5γDKpL2

where γ = Bulk Density of soil

D = Dia.of pile
Kp = Coefficient of Passive earth pressure
L = Length of pile

Quh = 388.80KN

For clayey soils,

Quh = 9CuD(L-1.5D)

where Cu = Undrained cohesion

Quh = 416.95KN

The lateral load carrying of two piles = 777.60KN > 53.74KN

Hence O.K

IV) Calculation of pile reactions:-

Load on 'i' th pile Pi = Q/n ± Mzxi/∑x2 ± Mxzi/∑z2

where xi = Distance of pile from z- axis

zi = Distance of pile from x- axis

a)Load Combination 7:-

Q = Ultimate load including 10% self weight = 171.36KN

∑x2 = Sum of squares of distances of all piles from z- axis = 0.63sqm
 ∑z2 = Sum of squares of distances of all piles from x- axis = 0.99sqm
Mx = Moment about x- axis 2.10KN-m
Mz = Moment about z- axis 116.19KN-m
Pu = Ultimate load carrying capacity of pile = 222.75KN

S.No Pile No. Q/n xi zi Pile reaction

1 P1 85.68 0.56 0 188.96 SAFE

2 P2 85.68 -0.56 0 -17.6 SAFE

All the pile reactions are safe.Hence the design of the pile cap is carried out for the pile cap
dimensions given below:-

The length of pile cap proposed =

The width of pile cap proposed =
Distance between c/c of piles = L =
Shear span av =

V) Design for bending:-

a)For bending action about Z-axis:-

Pile Reactions contributing to bending moment & corresponding lever arm about critical section:-

S.No Pile No Pile reaction Lever arm Moment

1 P1 188.96 0.560 105.82

105.82

S.No Pile No Pile reaction Lever arm Moment

1 P2 -17.6 0.407 -7.16

-7.16

The design bending moment about Z-axis = Muz =

Adopting Limit state method of design Mu = 0.133 fckbd2

The effective depth of footing required = d = [Mu/(0.133fckb)]0.5

135.63mm

Over all depth required assuming 20mm dia bars = = 195.63mm

However assume 600mm over all depth,then effective depth comes to

The actual depth of neutral axis =

Area of steel required =

No.of 16mm dia bars required =

However No.of 16mm bars provided =

Then the area of reinforcement provided =

 Percentage of reinforcement provided =

VI) Design for Shear:-

a)Check for two way shear:-

The critical section for punching shear is located at d/2 from the face of the column.

Hence,perimetre of the punching area is = 3960.00mm

Punching shear stress = 0.07N/sqmm

Permissible punching shear stress = 0.25√fck = 1.25N/sqmm >0.07N/sqmm Hence safe.

b)Check for one-way shear:-

The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column

The Clause 34.2.4.2 of IS 456 – 2000 states the following:-

In computing the external shear or any section through a footing supported on

Piles, the entire reaction from any pile of diameter Dp whose centre is located
Dp/2 or more outside the section shall be assumed as producing shear on the
section; the reaction from any Pile whose centre is located Dp/2 or more inside
the section shall be assumed as producing no shear on the section. For
intermediate positions of the pile centre, the position of pile reaction to be
assumed as producing shear on the section shall be based on straight line
interpolation between full value at Dp/2 outside the section and zero value at
Dp/2 inside the section

Pile reactions contributing to one-way shear for the sections located at a distance 'd' from the face of column

Section Pile No Pile reaction

1 P1 188.96
188.96

The critical shear force on the section = 188.96KN

Hence,the factored design shear force V Fd = 188.96KN

Nominal shear stress Tv = 0.583N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm

(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.248%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from

Table 19 of IS 456 is 0.356 N/sqmm

As per clause 40.5.1 of IS 456:2000,the shear strength can be increased by 2d/a v times for the sections lo
at a distance closer than 2d from concentrated load or face of support,where a v is the shear span
 2d/av = 1.93

Hence,increased shear strength = 0.687 N/sqmm Hence Vuc = 222.61KN

0.687 >0.583

Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.

c) Check for Truss action:-

The shear span to depth ratio = av/d = 1.04 >0.60

Though,the truss action is not pre-dominant,the tensile reinforcement should be checked for horizontal ten
resulting from truss action,because av/d ratio is not more than 2.

Hd=(Pu/2)[L/2-a/4]

H = Pu/8d[2L-a] = 65.45KN

Area of steel required to resist the above above tensile force A st =

The tensile reinforcement provided is more than the above value.Hence O.K

d) Bursting steel:-

Generally 0.2 times tensile steel will be provided as bursting steel.

Hence,the bursting steel required = 160.77sqmm

Adopting 12mm rings,No.of rings required = 1.42

However,provide 4 Nos of 12mm dia rings as bursting steel.

2,18)

155.78KN
15.58KN 1.125
171.36KN

centre to centre of bored DUR

640.00KN

480.00KN

432.00KN

648.00KN > Total load

Hence O.K
 1.6875

x
1.730m
0.600m
1.13m
0.560m

105.82KN-m

540.00mm

37.38mm

463.98sqmm

2.31Nos

4Nos

803.84sqmm
 0.248

times for the sections located

hecked for horizontal tensile force ' H '

150.46sqmm
 DESIGN OF PILE CAPS----PC1(2,3,4,5,6,13,14,15,16,17)

I) Design Parametres:-

Concrete mix : M25

Steel : Fe500
Cover to Reinforcement : 50mm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Unit weight of Brick masonry = 19.0KN/cum
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 500N/sqmm
Bredth of column = 0.30m
Depth of column = a = 0.60m
Dia of pile = 0.380m
Factored load on column = P = 326.89KN
Lateral load on column = Qh = 221.31KN
Bulk unit weight of soil = 18.0KN/cum
Coefficient of passive earth pressure = 3
Depth of pile = 4.00m
Cu = Undrained cohesion 43.5KN/sqm

II) Proportioning of pile cap:-

Factored load on the pile cap =

Add for self weight of pile cap =
Total load = Pu =

As per soil investigation report,safe load carrying capacity 380mm dia DUR piles
for 4.00m depth is = 320.00KN

As per clause 5.2.7.2 of IS:2911(Part III)-1980,the minimum spacing between the centre to centre of bored DU
piles should not be less than 1.5Du.

Providing two piles,the load carrying capacity of the pile cap will be

Reducing 25% for probable water in bulb,the load carrying capacity

Reducing 10% per each pile due to group action,the net safe load carrying
capacity

Hence,ultimate load carrying capacity of the pile cap =

As per the above criteria,the proposed pile cap is as shown below:-

2.09
 z

2.09

x 0.68 x

z
III) Lateral load Analysis:-

As per Brooms theory,lateral load carrying capacity of fixed head piles in sandy soils is given by

Quh = 1.5γDKpL2

where γ = Bulk Density of soil

D = Dia.of pile
Kp = Coefficient of Passive earth pressure
L = Length of pile

Quh = 492.48KN

For clayey soils,

Quh = 9CuD(L-1.5D)

where Cu = Undrained cohesion

Quh = 510.28KN

The lateral load carrying of two piles = 984.96KN > 221.31KN

Hence O.K

IV) Calculation of pile reactions:-

Load on 'i' th pile Pi = Q/n ± Mzxi/∑x2 ± Mxzi/∑z2

 where xi = Distance of pile from z- axis
zi = Distance of pile from x- axis

a)Load Combination 7:-

Q = Ultimate load including 10% self weight = 359.58KN

∑x2 = Sum of squares of distances of all piles from z- axis = 1.01sqm
∑z2 = Sum of squares of distances of all piles from x- axis = 0.99sqm
Mx = Moment about x- axis 2.10KN-m
Mz = Moment about z- axis 205.48KN-m
Pu = Ultimate load carrying capacity of pile = 345.60KN

S.No Pile No. Q/n xi zi Pile reaction

1 P1 179.79 0.71 0 324.24 SAFE

2 P2 179.79 -0.71 0 35.34 SAFE

All the pile reactions are safe.Hence the design of the pile cap is carried out for the pile cap
dimensions given below:-

The length of pile cap proposed =

The width of pile cap proposed =
Distance between c/c of piles = L =
Shear span av =

V) Design for bending:-

a)For bending action about Z-axis:-

Pile Reactions contributing to bending moment & corresponding lever arm about critical section:-

S.No Pile No Pile reaction Lever arm Moment

1 P1 324.24 0.710 230.21

230.21

S.No Pile No Pile reaction Lever arm Moment

1 P2 35.34 0.407 14.38

14.38

The design bending moment about Z-axis = Muz =

Adopting Limit state method of design Mu = 0.133 fckbd2

The effective depth of footing required = d = [Mu/(0.133fckb)]0.5

182.23mm

Over all depth required assuming 20mm dia bars = = 242.23mm

 However assume 750mm over all depth,then effective depth comes to

The actual depth of neutral axis =

Area of steel required =

No.of 16mm dia bars required =

However No.of 16mm bars provided =

Then the area of reinforcement provided =

Percentage of reinforcement provided =

VI) Design for Shear:-

a)Check for two way shear:-

The critical section for punching shear is located at d/2 from the face of the column.

Hence,perimetre of the punching area is = 4560.00mm

Punching shear stress = 0.10N/sqmm

Permissible punching shear stress = 0.25√fck = 1.25N/sqmm >0.10N/sqmm Hence safe.

b)Check for one-way shear:-

The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column

The Clause 34.2.4.2 of IS 456 – 2000 states the following:-

In computing the external shear or any section through a footing supported on

Piles, the entire reaction from any pile of diameter Dp whose centre is located
Dp/2 or more outside the section shall be assumed as producing shear on the
section; the reaction from any Pile whose centre is located Dp/2 or more inside
the section shall be assumed as producing no shear on the section. For
intermediate positions of the pile centre, the position of pile reaction to be
assumed as producing shear on the section shall be based on straight line
interpolation between full value at Dp/2 outside the section and zero value at
Dp/2 inside the section

Pile reactions contributing to one-way shear for the sections located at a distance 'd' from the face of column

Section Pile No Pile reaction

1 P1 324.24
324.24

The critical shear force on the section = 324.24KN

Hence,the factored design shear force V Fd = 324.24KN

Nominal shear stress Tv = 0.691N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.257%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from

Table 19 of IS 456 is 0.364 N/sqmm

As per clause 40.5.1 of IS 456:2000,the shear strength can be increased by 2d/a v times for the sections locate
at a distance closer than 2d from concentrated load or face of support,where a v is the shear span

2d/av = 1.94

Hence,increased shear strength = 0.706 N/sqmm Hence Vuc = 331.33KN

0.706 >0.691

Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.

c) Check for Truss action:-

The shear span to depth ratio = av/d = 1.03 >0.60

Though,the truss action is not pre-dominant,the tensile reinforcement should be checked for horizontal tensile
resulting from truss action,because av/d ratio is not more than 2.

Hd=(Pu/2)[L/2-a/4]

H = Pu/8d[2L-a] = 144.61KN

Area of steel required to resist the above above tensile force A st =

The tensile reinforcement provided is more than the above value.Hence O.K

d) Bursting steel:-

Generally 0.2 times tensile steel will be provided as bursting steel.

Hence,the bursting steel required = 241.15sqmm

Adopting 12mm rings,No.of rings required = 2.13

However,provide 4 Nos of 12mm dia rings as bursting steel.

5,16,17)

326.89KN
32.69KN
359.58KN

centre to centre of bored DUR

640.00KN

480.00KN

432.00KN

648.00KN > Total load

Hence O.K
 1.6875

x
2.085m
0.680m
1.41m
0.710m

230.21KN-m
 690.00mm

56.46mm

794.28sqmm

3.95Nos

6Nos

1205.76sqmm

0.257
 times for the sections located

hecked for horizontal tensile force ' H '

332.44sqmm