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∫ dx = x + c
∫ dx = x + c
∫ af ( x)dx = a ∫ f ( x)dx
∫ af ( x)dx = a ∫ f ( x)dx
where
a
is
a
constant
€
where
a
is
a
constant
€
€
∫ [ f ( x) ± g( x)]dx = ∫ f ( x)dx ± ∫ g( x)dx
€
∫ [ f ( x) ± g( x)]dx = ∫ f ( x)dx ± ∫ g( x)dx
where
f
and
g
are
on
the
same
interval
where
f
and
g
are
on
the
same
interval
∫ [ af ( x) + bg( x) + ... + ch( x)]dx = a ∫ f ( x)dx +b∫ g( x)dx +... + c∫ h( x)dx
€ ∫ [ af ( x) + bg( x) + ... + ch( x)]dx = a ∫ f ( x)dx +b∫ g( x)dx +... + c∫ h( x)dx
where
a ,
b
and
c
are
constants
where
a ,
b
and
c
are
constants
€
€ €
€
n+1 €
x x n+1
∫ x n dx = + c
∫x n
dx = + c
€ € € n +1 € € € n +1
where
n ∈Q
(Irrational
numbers
except
-‐1)
where
n ∈Q
(Irrational
numbers
except
-‐1)
EXPONENTIAL
EXPONENTIAL
u u u u
€ ∫ e du = e + c
€ ∫ e du = e + c
bu 1 bu bu 1 bu
∫e du = e + c
∫e e + c
du =
b b
€ 1 u € 1 u
∫ a u du = a + c
∫ a u du = a + c
ln a ln a
€ 1 € 1
∫ a bu du = a bu + c
∫ a bu du = a bu + c
bln a bln a
€
€
LOGARITHMIC
LOGARITHMIC
€ du € du
∫ = lnu + c
∫ = lnu + c
u u
TRIGONOMETRIC
TRIGONOMETRIC
€ ∫ tanudu = − ln(cos u) + c
€ ∫ tanudu = − ln(cos u) + c
∫ cot udu = ln(sinu) + c
∫ cot udu = ln(sinu) + c
€ ∫ cscudu = ln(cscu − cot u) + c
€ ∫ cscudu = ln(cscu − cot u) + c
€ ∫ secudu = ln(secu + tanu) + c
€ ∫ secudu = ln(secu + tanu) + c
€ HYPERBOLIC
FUNCTIONS
€ HYPERBOLIC
FUNCTIONS
€ ∫ sinhudu = coshu + C
€ ∫ sinhudu = coshu + C
∫ coshudu = sinhu + C
∫ coshudu = sinhu + C
∫ sech udu = tanhu + C
∫ sech udu = tanhu + C
2 2
€ €
∫ csch udu = − cothu + C
∫ csch udu = − cothu + C
2 2
€ €