AIRPORT Specification Tunnel Waterproofing and Drainage Specification

Thiess John Holland
Joint Venture
Airport Link | Northern
Busway | EWAG
Global - Supplementary
Specification - Tunnel -
Waterproofing and
Drainage GLTSP107
Document ref
BC-PBA-GLTSP107-
SPC-0001-0-02
20 January 2010
AFC RE-ISSUE
Thiess John Holland
Joint Venture
Airport Link | Northern
Busway | EWAG
Global - Supplementary
Specification - Tunnel -
Waterproofing and
Drainage GLTSP107
January 2010
Parsons Brinckerhoff Arup Joint Venture ABN 88 642 968 608 This report takes into account the
Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia Pty Ltd ABN 80 078 004 798 particular instructions and requirements
Arup Pty Ltd ABN 18 000 966 165 of our client.
It is not intended for and should not be
Copyright 2008 Thiess Pty Ltd, John Holland Pty Ltd, relied upon by any third party and no
Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia Pty Ltd, Arup Pty Ltd responsibility is undertaken to any third
party
Parsons Brinckerhoff Arup Joint Venture
Level 6 515 St Paul's Terrace Fortitude Valley QLD 4006, PO Box 3546 South Brisbane BC QLD
4101
Tel +61 7 3309 7500 Fax +61 7 3309 7890
Job number PB2108209A
A125840
Thiess John Holland Joint Venture Airport Link | Northern Busway | EWAG
Global - Supplementary Specification - Tunnel - Waterproofing and Drainage GLTSP107
Contents
Page
1 General 1
1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Waterproofing Requirements and Methods 2
1.3 Definition of Terms 3
1.4 Standards and Related Specifications 4
1.5 Discrepancy Between Drawings and Specification 6
2 Quality System Requirements 7
2.1 General 7
2.2 Hold Points, Witness Points and Milestones 7
2.3 Work Method Statements 9
3 Waterproof Membranes 9
3.1 General 9
3.2 Preformed Polymer Membranes 11
3.3 Installation of Preformed Polymer Membrane (PPM) 15
3.4 Spray-on Membranes 17
3.5 Submissions 19
4 Ancillary Items 19
4.1 Waterstops 19
4.2 Penetrations / Proprietary Membrane Fixing 19
4.3 Submission Requirements 20
4.4 Re-injectable Tubes 20
4.5 Bentonite Bands 20
5 Geotextiles and Drainage Materials 20
5.1 Geotextiles 20
5.2 Drainage Materials 21
6 Concrete 22
6.1 No-fines Concrete 22
6.2 Smoothing Shotcrete 22
Tables
Table 1 – Definition of terms particular to this Specification

Table 2 – Hold Points
Table 3 – Witness Points
Table 4 – Milestones
Table 5 – Work Method Statements
Table 6– Pre-Production / Installation Trials
Table 7- PPM (VLDPE and LLDPE) Material Mechanical and Physical Properties
Table 8 - PPM (PVC-P and FPO) Material Mechanical and Physical Properties
Table 9 - Spray-on Membrane Properties
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BC-PBA-GLTSP107-SPC-0001-0-02 20 January 2010 AFC Re-Issue 20 January 2010
Table 10– Geotextile Fleece for use with PPM Properties
Appendices
Appendix A
Verification Records
Appendix B
Response to Comments
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BC-PBA-GLTSP107-SPC-0001-0-02 20 January 2010 AFC Re-Issue 20 January 2010
1 General
This technical specification has been provided by Parsons Brinckerhoff Arup Joint Venture
on behalf of Thiess John Holland Joint Venture for use in execution of the Design and
Construct Contract with the Airport Link, Northern Busway and ARU project (the Project).
1.1 Scope
This specification covers the waterproofing and drainage requirements for drained and
undrained tunnels.
The tunnels covered by this Specification include:
• Mined (or Driven), including mainline tunnels, caverns, cross passages, ramps,
substations, low point sumps and shafts.
• TBM connections to cut and cover structures
• Cross passages and junctions with mined tunnels and TBM tunnels
• Substations and Sumps
The extent of drained and undrained tunnels is in accordance with the “Concept Design”
1.1.1 Exclusions
The gaskets that seal between TBM segments are covered in Global – Supplementary
Specification – Tunnel – Segmental Lining (reference BC-PBA-GLTSP110-SPC-0001).
1.1.2 Drained Tunnels

Mined cast-insitu concrete lined drained tunnels are to be provided at the following
locations:
Northbound and Southbound mainlines;
Bowen Hills cavern (at southbound tunnel off ramp)
Southbound off ramp
Lutwyche caverns (at northbound mainline tunnel off ramp and southbound
mainline tunnel on ramp)
Kedron northbound and southbound caverns (at entry and exit from TBM tunnels
with westbound off ramp and eastbound on ramp);
Mined tunnel cross-passages
Substations
Sumps
1.1.3 Combined Drained and Undrained Tunnels

Locations where there are sections of mined cast-insitu concrete lining that transition
between drained and undrained tunnels are as follows:
Kedron northbound off ramp (for northbound mainline tunnel)
Kedron southbound on ramp (for southbound mainline tunnel)
Kedron eastbound on ramp (for northbound mainline tunnel)
Kedron westbound off ramp (for southbound mainline tunnel)
1.1.4 Undrained tunnels

The TBM pre-cast concrete segmental tunnel linings and associated cross passages formed
using cast-insitu concrete are to be undrained tunnels.
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BC-PBA-GLTSP107-SPC-0001-0-02 20 January 2010
1.2 Waterproofing Requirements and Methods
1.2.1 General
The tunnel waterproofing systems shall be installed in accordance with:
• the Design Drawings
• the Specification for Tunnelling, British Tunnelling Society and Institution of Civil
Engineers, June 2000” or
• equivalent international standard and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
specifications
1.2.2 Project Deed Requirements

The project Deed requires that:
• Any groundwater seepage into the completed tunnels and associated Project Works
shall not be visible and no water shall be permitted to drip or flow onto or over road
pavements, walkways, egress passages and plant and equipment rooms.
• Permanent waterproofing treatments shall ensure that any water present on internal
surfaces of the tunnels does not affect the safety, durability and function of the tunnels.
• where leakage exceeds the limits specified by the Project Deed, the leakage shall be
reduced to those specified limits
1.2.3 Drained Tunnels

The waterproofing system for the drained tunnels shall include:
• a waterproof membrane installed over the crown to shoulder level or down to the tunnel
formation level
• a lower wall drain of membrane (or approved drainage medium) from the tunnel arch to
the longitudinal invert perimeter drain
• a geotextile drainage fleece layer installed between the ground and membrane over the
crown and the lower wall drain
• the waterproof membrane type shall have a proven history and reputation for
satisfactory performance in tunnels with similar groundwater conditions
• a waterproof membrane and geotextile that is self extinguishing to minimum class E or
B2 (EN ISO 1925-2 / EN 13501-1 or DIN 4102)
• evidence obtained from the manufacturer that no components of the membrane shall
leach out and deleteriously affect the durability of any of the following:
the waterproofing membrane
the geotextile drainage/protective layer
other plastic materials or PVC materials such as waterstops, etc.
1.2.4 Undrained Tunnels

Undrained tunnels shall include:
• a waterproof membrane installed around the A Line of the tunnel including in the tunnel
invert that has a protective layer provided over the membrane immediately after testing
is completed to prevent rupture or damage during subsequent construction activities
• waterstops that are welded to the waterproof membrane that are compatible with the
type of waterproof membrane used
1.2.5 Mined Tunnel waterproofing system components

The overall tunnel waterproofing system shall comprise:
• Geotextile fleece in accordance with Section 5

• Drainage mat / net, anchor drain, strip drain and / or dimple sheet for tunnel arch / wall
drainage in accordance with Section 5
• Sheet Preformed Polymer Membrane in accordance with Section 3.2.
• Rearguard waterstops in accordance with Section 4.1
• Hydrophilic waterstops as required to construction joints and TBM precast segmental
linings in accordance with Section 4.1
• Grout injection tubes for post-construction grouting of joints and supplementary
waterproofing elements installed in case of excessive leak detection in accordance with
Section 4.4
• Supplementary waterproofing elements such as bentonite strips and protective
membrane strips at construction joints in accordance with Section 4.5
• Compartmentalisation and termination fixings including rearguard waterstop
arrangements and membrane tapes with epoxy adhesives in accordance with the
design drawings.
• Spray-on waterproofing membranes in ‘special’ areas where nominated by the Design
Drawings and in accordance with Section 3.4
• All associated fixings for membranes including any special fittings for sealing around
penetrations and anchor bolts in accordance with Section 4
• Slotted flexi-drain pipes and strip drains fixed in the shotcrete subgrade in areas where
the Waterproofing Supervisor considers that the inflow of water will impede the ability to
install the waterproofing membrane in accordance with this specification.
• Slotted pipes, trench formers, inspection and maintenance pits and rockfill or gravel
drainage layers / pipe-surrounds in accordance with Section 5.2.
• No-fines concrete in areas of subgrade and invert drainage in accordance with
Specification (reference BC-PBA-GLRSP301-SPC-0001).
• Smoothing shotcrete to tunnel lining substrate surfaces in accordance with specification
(reference BC-PBA-GLTSP102-SPC-0001).
• Blinding concrete to undrained tunnel invert substrate surfaces in accordance with
Specification (reference BC-PBA-GLTSP106-SPC-0001).
1.3 Definition of Terms
Definitions applicable to many specifications, including this Specification, shall include those
found in the General Specification (reference BC-PBA-GLRSP000-SPC-0001).
While the definitions found in the General Specification take precedence, the following
definitions, when not found in the General Specification, apply particularly to this
Specification:
Table 1 – Definition of terms particular to this Specification
Term Definition
Design Drawings Drawings prepared by PBA for the construction of the

Works
Drained Tunnel A tunnel where the permanent lining is enclosed over the
crown to a height at or below the top of the wall panels
with a waterproofing membrane to prevent groundwater
seeping through the lining and over the crown. The lining is
designed for the part of the expected full hydrostatic

pressure and to direct the collected seepage groundwater
to a dedicated seepage drainage system without directing
it onto the roadways.
Undrained Tunnel A tunnel where the permanent lining will be fully enclosed
(Mined) over its entire perimeter by a waterproof membrane that
prevents the ingress of water into the tunnel and the
drawdown of the ground water table.
Extrados Exterior curve of an arch
FPO Flexible Polyolefine Elastomer (PE-PP copolymer)
HDPE High-density polyethylene
HDPP High-density polypropylene
Hot Works Permit TJH Procedure for undertaking hot works in the underground
works. (Hot works include welding, flame or arc cutting, burning
or heating.)
Intrados Inner curve of an arch
LLDPE Linear Low Density Polyethylene -
PPM Preformed Polymer Membrane
PVC-P Advanced plasticized Polyvinyl-chloride
Project Engineer Person nominated by TJHJV to oversee and approve the

construction of a defined portion of the Works, and to ensure that
the work is in compliance with the requirements of the
specifications and Quality Assurance System
Waterproofing Person nominated by TJHJV to oversee and approve the

Supervisor construction and installation of all Waterproofing Project Works
for the Driven Tunnels in accordance with the Project Deed
Annexure 2 Part 1 – Construction Requirements Section 2.4
Waterproofing of Tunnel Structures
VLDPE Very Low Density Polyethylene
1.4 Standards and Related Specifications
1.4.1 General Specification

The General Specification (reference BC-PBA-GLRSP000-SPC-0001) contains information
required for an understanding of any and all of the specifications applicable to the Project.
The General Specification shall be read prior to use of any of the other specifications,
including this Specification.
1.4.2 Standards and Related Specifications

This specification is to be read in conjunction with the following:
PBAJV Supplementary Specifications
BC-PBA-GLRSP009-SPC-0001 Global - Supplementary Specification - Road – Projectwide
Instrumentation and Monitoring
BC-PBA-GLRSP301-SPC-0001 Global - Supplementary Specification - Road – No Fines
Concrete Subbase

BC-PBA-GLSSP405-SPC-0001 Global - Supplementary Specification - Structures –

Grouting for Ground Water Control
BC-PBA-GLTSP101-SPC-0001 Global – Supplementary Specification – Tunnel – Rock
Reinforcement
BC-PBA-GLTSP102-SPC-0001 Global - Supplementary Specification - Tunnel - Shotcrete
Lining
BC-PBA-GLTSP103-SPC-0001 Global - Supplementary Specification - Tunnel - Mined
Tunnels Excavation and Implementation
BC-PBA-GLTSP106-SPC-0001 Global - Supplementary Specification - Tunnel - Cast-in-
place Concrete
BC-PBA-GLTSP109-SPC-0001 Global - Supplementary Specification - Tunnel - Precast
Concrete for Segmental Linings
BC-PBA-GLTSP110-SPC-0001 Global - Supplementary Specification - Tunnel - Segmental
Lining
BC-PBA-GLTSP111-SPC-0001 Global - Supplementary Specification - Tunnel - TBM
Instrumentation and Monitoring
BC-PBA-GLTSP112-SPC-0001 Global - Supplementary Specification - Tunnel - Opening
Sets
BC-PBA-GLRDR100-RPT-0100-G-02 Design Manual – Global – Drainage
BC-PBA-AGGHG100-RPT-0001-G-01 Global – Geotechnical – Hydrogeology Analysis
BC-PBA-AGDTR100-RPT-0001-F-02 Global – Durability Technical Report
American Standards
ASTM D4533 - Standard Test Method for Trapezoidal Tearing Strength of Geotextiles
ASTM D1438 - Methods of Test for Pentosans in Cellulose
ASTM D4487 – Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Calcium Borosilicate
ASTM D4787 - Standard Practice for Continuity Verification of Liquid or Sheet Linings
Applied to Concrete Substrates
ASTM D6132 - Standard Test Method for Non-destructive Measurement of Dry Film
Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings Using an Ultrasonic Gage
Australian Standards
HB 90.3 - Guide to ISO 9001:2000
AS1254 – PVE Pipes and Fittings for Storm and Surface Water Applications
AS2439 – Perforated Plastics Drainage and Effluent Pipe and Fittings – Perforated
Drainage Pipe and Associated Fittings
European Standards
BS EN 29073-3 - Methods of Test for Nonwovens Determination of Tensile Strength and
Elongation
BS EN 495-5 - Flexible Sheets for Waterproofing Determination of Foldability at Low
Temperature - Part 5: Plastic and Rubber Sheets for Roof Waterproofing
DIN EN 1876-1 - Rubber or Plastic Coated Fabrics Low Temperature Tests - Part 1:
Bending Tests
DIN EN ISO 527-3 - Plastics Determination of Tensile Properties - Part 3: Test Conditions
for Films and Sheets
DIN 4102 - Fire Behaviour of Building Materials and Building Components -Requirements
and Testing
DIN 16726 – Perforation Test
DIN 16776 – Plastic Moulding Materials; Polyethylene Moulding Materials; Classification
and Designation
EN1542 – Products and Systems for the Protection and Repair of Concrete Structures –
Test Methods – Measurement of Bond Strength by Pull-off
EN13562 - Testing of Geotextiles Part 4: Determination of Permeability of Geotextiles
Normal to their Planes under Load of Constant Hydraulic Height Difference
EN ISO 10319 - Geosynthetics Wide-width Tensile Test
EN ISO 12236 - Geosynthetics Static Puncture Test (CBR Test)
EN ISO 12956 - Geotextiles and Geotextile Related Products -Determination of the
Characteristic Opening Size
EN ISO 12958 - Geotextiles and Geotextile Related Products Determination of Water Flow
Capacity in their Plane
EN 9864 - Geotextiles and Geotextile Related Products Determination of Mass per Unit
Area
EN 9863 - Geotextiles and Geotextile Related Products -Determination of Thickness at
Specified Pressures - Part 1: Single Layers
EN 13433 - Geotextiles and Geotextile Related Products -Dynamic Perforation Test (Cone
Drop Test)
SIA 280 - Swiss Association of Standardisation 280 - Geomembranes – Products and
Construction Material Testings
Other
ISO 9002 Quality Systems - Model for Quality Assurance in Production, Installation and
Servicing
Specification for tunnelling, British Tunnelling Society and the Institution of Civil Engineers,
June 2000
DVS – 2225-2 Joint of lining membranes made of poly materials in geotechnical and
hydraulic engineering – site testing
NACE RP0188 – Discontinuity Testing of New Protective Coatings on Conductive
Substrates
Project Specific Technical Specifications
PSTS03 – Drainage, Retaining Structures and Protective Treatments
PSTS27 – Geotextiles (Separation and Filtration)
PSTS50 – Specific Quality System Requirements
1.5 Discrepancy Between Drawings and Specification
Where a discrepancy exists between the Design Drawings and this Specification the
Contractor shall seek clarification from the Construction Certifier. Drawing notes will take
precedence over the Specification.

2 Quality System Requirements

2.1 General
Specific quality system requirements are detailed within PSTS50. Construction activities
shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Contractor’s Quality System
which shall comply with the requirements of AS/NZS ISO 9001.
2.2 Hold Points, Witness Points and Milestones
The Hold Points, Witness Points and Milestones particular to this Specification are listed in
Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 below respectively. Refer General Specification (reference
BC-PBA-GLRSP000-SPC-0001) for Hold Point, Witness Point and Milestone definitions and
requirements.
The Contractor shall not proceed beyond a Hold Point until the Hold Point has been
released by the person nominated in Table 2. The Contractor shall notify the relevant
person when a Hold Point will be reached so that they can review and/or witness any work
process, record or test being undertaken by the Contractor and thus expedite the release of
that Hold Point.
Table 2 – Hold Points
Specification Hold Hold Point Details For Release By

Clause Point
Number
All relevant Hold Points outlined in the Specifications

and Project Deed including the hold points referred
to in the QDMR Project Specific Technical IV
Standards (PSTS) as described in Annexure 1 Part
1.
Hold Points as the Contractor deems necessary to

Contractor
meet its obligations under the deed
TJH shall provide necessary evidence, for the

approval of the following:
• Approval of membrane details, samples
and installation methodology from the
manufacturer
• Approval of the method statement for
installation of the membrane
• Approval of the performance of the pre-
production trials Construction
3 1 • Approval of manufacturers' Certifier
specifications, warranties and
guarantees prior to material production
for PPM and associated materials
• Combustibility and smoke emission class
• Details for penetrations and corners for
spray-on membrane
• Literature/certificates for spray-on
membrane including details regarding
ancillary items
Survey of shotcrete smoothing layer prior to

3.1.2 2 Contractor
membrane installation

Specification Hold Hold Point Details For Release By

Clause Point
Number
Visual inspection of shotcrete smoothing layer prior Waterproofing

3.3 3
to membrane installation Supervisor
Waterproofing
Supervisor or his
nominated
3.3.1 4 Pressure testing of every welded seam
competent
Membrane
Welder / Installer
Inspection of membrane prior to moving form into

3.3.1 5 Contractor
position for casting permanent lining
Inspection of installed membrane prior to installation

3.3.3 6 of membrane protective layer before casting base Contractor
slab
Approval of the proposed ancillary items, including Construction

4.3 7
details of installation procedures for PPM Certifier
The Contractor shall provide the person nominated in Table 3 reasonable notice (minimum
24 hours or as otherwise specified) of all Witness Points so that inspection may be made of
the following:
Table 3 – Witness Points
Specification Clause Witness Point Details For Release By
All relevant witness points the Independent IV

Verifier deems necessary to comply with their
requirement under the Deed.
Witness points as the Contractor deems Contractor

necessary to meet its obligations under the
Deed.
Pressure testing of welded seams (one off
3.3.1 notification – thereafter no notification for daily Construction Certifier
work activities)
Inspection of membrane prior to moving form
into position for casting permanent lining (one
3.3.1 Construction Certifier
off notification – thereafter no notification for
daily work activities)
Inspection of installed membrane prior to
installation of membrane protective layer
3.3.3 before casting base slab (one off notification – Construction Certifier
thereafter no notification for daily work
activities)
The Contractor shall submit at the time nominated in Table 4 documentary evidence of
Milestones to the Construction Certifier for approval of materials and workmanship as
specified throughout the Specification.
Table 4 – Milestones
Specification Clause Milestone Details Timing

30 days prior to commencement
Submit proposed materials to be used of works to enable secondary
review if required

2.3 Work Method Statements
Work Method Statements which are required to be submitted by the Contractor to the
Construction Certifier in accordance with the quality system requirements of the Contract
are listed below in Table 5.
The Contractor shall not vary the materials and the method statement(s) once they have
been accepted by the Construction Certifier without further review and acceptance by the
Construction Certifier.
Table 5 – Work Method Statements
Specification Clause Work Method Statements

Construction Method Statement for Installation of Waterproofing
3.2
Membranes, Ancillary Items and Tunnel Drainage
Note: TBM tunnels are covered in Specification BC-PBA-GLTSP111-SPC-0001
3 Waterproof Membranes
3.1 General
3.1.1 Materials
Waterproof membranes shall be sheet polymer membranes in areas where a cast-insitu
concrete permanent lining is used (refer to Section 3.2).Spray-on waterproofing membranes
are permitted to be installed in ‘special’ areas such as drained-cross-passages, substations,
sumps and ventilation tunnels, as nominated by the Design Drawings and in accordance
with Section 3.3.
In all cases where waterproofing is required the Contractor shall submit a method statement
and the full details as detailed in Table 3 (together with samples) of the proposed
waterproofing / drainage system materials for acceptance by the Construction Certifier Hold
Point 1 . The Contractor shall carry out pre-production trials to demonstrate that the
materials and proposed methods of working are suitable for their intended purpose for the
acceptance of the Construction Certifier as detailed in Table 6 below.
Table 6– Pre-Production / Installation Trials
Category of Work Description of Trial
Spray-on Membrane Pre-production panel in accordance with the manufacturers

recommendations or as otherwise agreed with the Construction Certifier
to demonstrate installation method to ensure:
• minimum thickness
• consistency of coating
• bonding strength (including proposed test method)
• no water leakage (including proposed test method)
• lapping, terminations and penetrations soundness
• adequate repair of defects in coating (including proposed
technique)
Inverts for Undrained Pre-installation demonstration for one 10m tunnel section of invert at the
Tunnels outset of invert membrane installation
Arch Crowns Pre-installation demonstration for one 10m tunnel section of crown at the
outset of arch crown membrane installation
Lower Arch Sidewalls Pre-installation demonstration for one 10m tunnel section of Lower arch
sidewall membrane (or drainage medium) installation
No materials shall be used after the manufacturer's expiry date.

All waterproofing materials shall be stored in accordance with the relevant manufacturer’s
recommendations.
All waterproofing materials shall capable of resisting the environmental conditions that they
are exposed to during construction and operation such that their design life is not impaired.
This includes exposure to sunlight, atmospheric conditions or ultra violet light and all
chemicals with which they are likely to come into contact.
3.1.2 Preparation of surfaces prior to Installation of membrane/geotextile/spay

on membranes
The Contractor shall ensure that surfaces on which waterproofing systems are installed are
clean, free from loose aggregate, sharp projections or any edges, projecting tying wire,
release agents and other substances which are likely to damage or affect the waterproofing
system in accordance with the Design Drawings and section 6.2.
The Contractor shall survey the profile of the shotcrete smoothing layer to confirm it is to the
correct profile and meets the requirements of the membrane prior to fixing either a
separation layer of geotextile (or other approved drainage medium) or waterproof
membrane Hold Point 2.
The Contractor shall undertake any remedial measures required to meet the specified
profiles in accordance with the relevant shotcrete work method statements.
Shotcrete surfaces onto which a waterproof membrane is to be applied shall be prepared if
necessary by the addition of a shotcrete smoothing layer to remove local peaks and infill
hollows (reference BC-PBA-GLTSP102-SPC-0001) and to meet the manufacturer’s
requirements.
In areas where excessive groundwater is encountered during tunnel excavation as defined
by the Waterproofing Supervisor flexi-drains or strip-drains shall be installed within the
shotcrete to divert water to the invert for collection.
Slotted flexi-drain pipes and strip drains fixed in the shotcrete subgrade in areas where the
Waterproofing Supervisor considers that the inflow of water will impede the ability to install
the waterproofing membrane in accordance with this specification.
Spray on membranes shall not be used in areas where the presence of water exceeds the
limits of the manufacturer’s recommendations.
3.1.3 Material Manufacturers Instructions

Waterproof membranes shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
requirements
The installation of all waterproofing systems and surface preparation as specified shall be in
accordance with the material manufacturers' instructions unless a higher standard is
specified in this specification or on the Design Drawings. The higher standard shall apply.
3.1.4 Design Life and Durability

The components and the interaction as a total waterproofing system shall be tested both
separately and together or evidence provided to demonstrate that the system meets the
durability and design life of the projects in its in situ environment.
Tunnels and permanent lining including waterproofing measures shall have a 100-year
design life. Manufacturers' specifications, warranties and guarantees shall be submitted to
the Construction Certifier for approval prior to procurement and installation. A period of 30
days shall be allowed for such approvals.
The Contractor to undertake water tests during construction to confirm that the seepage
inflow is within the allowable range for PH and other contaminants compatible with the 100
year design life of the membrane and other waterproofing systems/components. Where this
is not the case the Contractor shall consult with the membrane manufacturer to determine
what additional s measures are required. Any additional measures shall be agreed with the
Construction Certifier prior to implementation and be subject to all of the conditions of this
specification
3.1.5 Interaction with the Environment

The Contractor shall obtain information from the manufacturer(s) to demonstrate that the
waterproofing systems shall have no significant effect (short-term or long-term) on any part
of its environment, and must not provide any hazard to, or degradation of, the groundwater
quality or potability.
3.2 Preformed Polymer Membranes
3.2.1 Materials
Preformed Polymer Membrane (PPM) shall consist of heat welded sheets of any of the
following materials:
• high-density polyethylene (HDPE) – as per DIN 16776 Parts 1 and 2
• linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) – Refer to Table 8
• very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE) – Refer
• to Table 8
• advanced plasticized polyvinyl-chloride (PVC-P) – Refer to Table 9
• flexible polyolefine elastomer (FPO) – Refer to Table 9
PPM shall have the mechanical and physical properties specified in Table 7 and Table 9 in
both the longitudinal and transverse directions.
PPM may be used as a waterproof barrier for all, drained or undrained, underground tunnels
structures, shafts and portal headwalls (excluding TBM driven tunnels)
The membrane shall be supplied with a signal layer, i.e. a thin layer of different colour,
bonded to one side, which is intended to facilitate the detection of damage
Where reinforced concrete and/or embedded steelwork is to be placed against the
waterproofing membrane a signalling layer, to give a visual indication of any mechanical
damage, shall be provided on the exposed surface of the waterproofing membrane. The
signalling layer shall be such that it does not adversely affect the seam welds.
Evidence shall be obtained from the manufacturer that no components of a PPM leach out
in the long term such that the durability of any of the following components is adversely
affected:
• the waterproofing membrane
• the geotextile drainage/protective layer
• other plastic materials or PVC materials such as waterstops
PPM shall be self extinguishing in accordance with Table 7 and Table 8. The Contractor
shall submit details of the combustibility and smoke emission class of the membrane and
geotextile fleece to the Construction Certifier for consent.
At present HDPE or HDPP are not proposed to be used by the Contractor.

Table 7- PPM (VLDPE and LLDPE) Material Mechanical and Physical Properties
Tests Requirements
Thickness (Undrained Tunnels) as per DIN 53370

Minimum 2mm at 5% strain
Invert – 2mm to 3mm
Thickness (Drained Tunnels) as per DIN 53370

Minimum 1.5mm or 2mm at 5% strain
Arch Crown 2mm
Lower arch wall 1.5mm to 2mm
Tensile strength in N/mm2 as per DIN EN ISO 527·3

longitudinally min. 12 N/mm2
transversely min. 12 N/mm2
alternatively as per DIN 16726
min. 15 N/mm2 (long, &trans)
Elongation at tear strain in% as per DIN EN ISO 527·3

min. 300% (long &trans)
State during and following storage at 80°C: as per DIN 16726 or alternatively as per SIA 280
General No blister formation
Change in Dimensions <2%
Change in Tensile Strength <10%
Change in Elongation <10%
Behaviour when subjected to hydrostatic as per DIN 16726

pressure No leakage at 5 bar
Puncture resistance as per DIN 16726

No perforation for 750mm drop of test tool
Cold bend behaviour as per DIN 16726

No cracking / tears
Behaviour after storage in aqueous solution: as per DIN 16726

General No blister formation
Change in Dimensions Change in Tensile <2%
Strength <10%
Change in Elongation <10%
Shear resistance when bonded with bitumen as per DIN 16726

(PVC only) > 100N / 50mm width
Resistance to roots as per SIA 280

no root penetration
Combustibility factor I Smoke Class as per SIA 280

Combustibility class V
Smoke class 1 or Smoke class 2 (PE)
Fire resistance as per DIN 4102

self-extinguishing to rating B2
Tests Requirements
Constant compressive strength as per SIA 280

no leak at 7N/mm2
Seam strength as per SIA 280

for homogeneously welded sheets: 80%
Signal Layer Membranes shall have a signal layer bonded to one

side of a different colour to facilitate detection of
damage
Table 8 - PPM (PVC-P and FPO) Material Mechanical and Physical Properties
Description Standard PVC-P FPO
Thickness incl. signal layer EN 1849-2 (DIN 16726-5.3, ≥ 1.5mm or 2 mm for seepage water
DIN 53352) ≥ 2mm or 3 mm for pressurized
water
Thickness of signal layer ≤ 0.2 mm
Mass per unit area/ density EN 1849-2 (DIN 53479) individual individual
(Tolerance/ Internal Audit) ≤ ±0.02 g/cm3 ≤ ±0.005 g/cm3
Appearance EN 1850-2 (DIN 16726-5.1) free from blisters, cracks, external

capsule and voids
Straightness: EN 1848-2 (DIN 16726-5.2) 50 mm

Flatness 10 mm
DSC-Analysis EN ISO 11357-1 u. -3 individual evaluation

(Internal Audit) of diagramm
MFR (Melt-Flow-Index) EN ISO 1133, 190°C, only for individual

(Internal Audit) m=5kg polyolefin tolerance: ± 15%
materials
Tensile strength ISO 527-1/3/5 (DIN 16726- ≥ 12 N/mm2 ≥ 15 N/mm2

5.6/ EN 12311-2)
Elongation - machine ISO 527-1/3/5 (DIN 16726- ≥ 300 % ≥ 500 %

5.6 / EN 12311-2)
Low temperature behaviour EN 495-5 (SIA V 280-3, DIN ≤ -20º C

53361) DIN 16726.5.14
Heat distortion/Dimensional DIN 16726-5.13 (SIA V280-

stability (6h/80ºC) 4; EN1107-2) ≤ 2.0 %
Behaviour after heat No blisters

exposure
Burst strength (D=1,0 m)/ prEN 14151 (DIN 53861) ≥ 50%

Multi-Axial-Elongation
Impact resistance (500g)/ EN 12691 (SIA V280-15; 900mm for 2mm 750mm for 2mm
Dynamic perforation DIN 16726-5.12) 1500mm for 1250 mm for 3

3mm mm
Behaviour under hydrostatic EN 1928 (DIN 16726-5.11) no leakage

pressure 5bar/72h (10
bar/24h)
Long term compression SIA V 280-14 No leakage at 7 N/mm2

strength (48h)
Elastic modulus E1-2 ISO 527-1/3/5 (DIN 16726- ≤ 20 N/mm2 ≤ 70 N/mm2

(Material Flexibility) 5.6)
Behaviour after storage in EN 1847 (SIA V280-18; DIN

aqueous solutions 28d/23°C 16726-5.18; EN 14414 –
A/B)
Change of tensile strength H2SO3 (5-6%);

≤ 15% ≤ 15%
Change of elongation at Ca(OH)2(sat.);
≤ 15% ≤ 15%
break
No cracks at -20°C NaCl(10%)
fulfil fulfil
Thermal ageing EN 1296 (SIA V280-8, DIN

(70d/70ºC/ hot air) 16726-5.13, pr EN 14575)
Change of weight ≤ 2.0% ≤ 2.0%

Change of tensile strength ≤ 20% ≤ 20%
Change of elongation ≤ 20% ≤ 20%
No Cracks at -20°C fulfil fulfil
Behaviour after storage in SIA V280-13 (acc. to EN Jkjlds asdkfjasdf Not applicable to
warm water (8 month/ 50º C/ 14415 (DIN 53495, DIN k asdkfjas dfkasd FPO
weekly exchange of water) 16726-5.18) dfasfk asdfk
asdfk asd
Change of weight ≤ 4%
Change of elongation ≤ 20%
Change of tensile strength ≤ 20%
No Cracks at -20°C fulfil
Micro-organism EN 12225; ISO 527-3/5

(SIAV280-17)
change of tensile strength ≤ 10 % ≤ 10 %

and elongation
Environmental stress ASTM D 5397-99 (EN Not applicable to ≥ 200 h

cracking 14576) PVC-P
Resistance to root prEN 14416 -2002 (DIN Pass Pass

penetration 4062-4.7, SIA V 280-11)

(for connections to cut &

cover structures)
Reaction to fire EN ISO 1925-2 /EN 13501-1 min. class E (B2) min. class E
(DIN 4102) (B2)
Welding behaviour DVS 2225-Part2/5
Behaviour of the welding EN 12317-2 break outside break outside

seam at shearing : seam seam
Short-time-jointing-factor fz 0.6 0.6
Behaviour of the welding EN 12316-2 Peeling is Peeling is

seam at peeling possible, if possible, if
resistance of resistance of
peeling is peeling is
reached reached
Resistance of peeling
6 N/mm 6 N/mm
3.3 Installation of Preformed Polymer Membrane (PPM)
The Waterproofing Supervisor shall conduct a visual inspection of the profile prior to the
installation of geotextile fleece and membrane Hold Point 3.
PPMs shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and relevant
international specification and guidelines and comply with the following principals:
• The membrane sheets shall be fixed at all the nailing discs (roundels) by spot heat
welding. Alternative methods of fixing the waterproofing membrane may also be used
subject to acceptance by the Construction Certifier
• Nails, welding tools or any other object shall not penetrate the membrane except in
accordance with fixing details having been accepted by the Construction Certifier
• Welding of the membrane sheet edges shall be carried out by trained and suitably
experienced personnel and with purpose made equipment to form a flat double weld
seam. These personnel shall be trained, and then deemed competent. Seam
dimensions and arrangements shall be as per the manufacturer's recommendations and
in accordance with the relevant international standards
• The installation of the waterproofing membrane shall be carried out only when the
atmospheric temperature in the area of installation is in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations
3.3.1 Compliance Testing

All membrane welding shall be tested in accordance with the relevant standards detailed in
the /work Method Statements and shall comply with the following principles:
• All double seam welds shall be tested by the application of air pressure to the space
between the two seams. Weld testing may be witnessed by the Construction Certifier
Witness Point., They shall be a Hold Point for release by the Waterproofing Supervisor
or his nominated representative. Hold Point 4.
• The Contractor shall notify the Construction Certifier of his intention to commence seam
testing which shall be carried out on a daily basis as membrane lots are completed and
signed off to be handed over for permanent concrete lining works.
• The test pressure shall be applied at one end of the seams and measured at the other
end to test the integrity of the whole joint.
• The test pressure shall be not less than 2 bar and reduction of pressure after 10
minutes shall not exceed 20%.
• Vacuum testing to 0.2 bar using a -0.8bar gauge shall be carried out on solid extrusion
welds and hot air welded patches with no loss of vacuum or visual indication of faulty
weld.
• Testing pressures and results shall be marked on the membrane and recorded on the
relevant quality assurance checklist as detailed by the Contractor’s approved method
statement. The marking method shall not damage the membrane
• Any areas failing to achieve the specified requirements shall be repaired in accordance
with the manufacturer’s recommendations and the repair methods detailed in the
Contractor’s approved method statement. In the event the area cannot be repaired it
shall be replaced. Any areas which have been repaired shall be recorded and details
submitted to the Construction Certifier in accordance with the Contractor’s approved
method statement.
• The inspection and testing procedure for the permanent concrete lining works shall
ensure that a visual inspection of the membrane shall be made before the final lining is
sprayed or cast Hold Point 5 and Witness Point.
3.3.2 Protection
Reinforcement used adjacent to the waterproofing membrane shall be provided with suitable
protection that ensures no damage to the membrane. The protection method shall be
detailed in the Contractor’s approved method statement and can include plastic caps, solid
tape or heat shrink wrap over exposed cut ends and plastic flywheel or flat bottomed plastic
circular spacers to ensure suitable separation of steel to membrane. These spacers shall be
of sufficient diameter and of sufficiently short length that they will be filled with concrete.
Any burning, or welding of steel within the tunnel shall only be carried out in accordance
with the relevant Hot Works Permit and only where the membrane has been protected as
detailed by Contractor’s approved method statement.
Water percolating outside the membrane shall be piped to avoid the formation of water-filled
blisters. Pipes for disposal of water shall be "lay-flat" type or small diameter polypropylene
pipe suitable for removal and membrane patching prior to final permanent concrete lining
placement. Where this is not possible then a proprietary system allowing the formation of a
hole in the membrane and the sealing of a drain pipe is to be used.
Strips of membrane at least 0.5 m wide shall be spot welded to the waterproofing at the
formwork stop ends to protect the installed membrane from being damaged.
3.3.3 Membranes under permanent lining inverts

Membranes shall be laid directly on top of a 50mm (nominal thickness) blinding or
smoothing layer finished to a smooth and even surface that complies with the requirements
detailed a section 6.2. The joints of the membrane shall be sealed in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations and in accordance with section 3.2.3. A 1mm thick
protection membrane shall be laid on top of the membrane to protect it from damage when
the reinforcing steel for the invert lining is positioned. The aggregate size in the protection
layers shall not exceed 20 mm. Subject to the approval of the Construction Certifier a
geotextile or protection membrane can be placed over the primary membrane for protection
in place of protective concrete.

The inspection and testing procedure for the permanent concrete lining works shall ensure
that a visual inspection of the membrane shall be made before the base slab is sprayed or
cast Hold Point 6 and Witness Point.
3.4 Spray-on Membranes
3.4.1 General
Spray on membranes shall not be used in areas where the presence of water exceeds the
limits of the manufacturers recommendations.
3.4.2 Materials
Spray-on waterproofing membrane shall possess the properties listed in Table 9 and shall
have a proven track record of successfully performing in a tunnel environment.
Table 9 - Spray-on Membrane Properties
Material Property Sprayed Waterproofing Membrane Requirement
Material type Cement Latex Membrane
Minimum thickness Each of the following must be satisfied:

3.0mm minimum DFT(dry film thickness) applied in two coats
of 1.5mm DFT each or as otherwise recommended by the
material manufacturer
DFT measurements shall be taken in accordance with ASTM
D 1438 or ASTM D6132
Solids Content 90% minimum solids content
Behaviour when subjected to Water tight in accordance with DIN 16726 tested at 4 bar for
hydrostatic pressure 72 hours.
Behaviour when subjected to gas Less than 1.55 x 10-9 for CO2 applied at 1 bar.
vapour pressures
Bond strength with shotcrete 1.0 MPa in accordance with EN1542:1999. Values of less
than 1.0MPa are acceptable where failure is within the
concrete substrate.
Tensile Strength 5MPa @ 28 days
Colour Minimum 2 layers; applied in alternating different colours.
Continuity of Coating The dried film of coating shall be inspected in accordance

with ASTM D 4787 or NACE RP0188.
Sealing around penetrations All terminations and penetrations must be completed in

accordance with manufacturer recommendations.
Each penetration and termination around rockbolts, roof
fixings and the like must be tested in accordance with ASTM
D 4787 for discontinuity.
Durability Statement of Durability shall be provided by the manufacturer

for system life expectancy exceeding 100 years in tunnel
environment with no UV or chemical exposure.
Elongation 50% Elongation at 3mm thickness.

Combustion toxicity Non-toxic
Fire resistance Self extinguishing in accordance with DIN 4102-B2
3.4.3 Installation
The surface shall be prepared in accordance with Section 3.1.2
Shotcrete surface must be at least 28 days old to ensure initial shrinkage is mostly
complete.
High pressure cleaning shall be undertaken with at least 200bar/20MPa of water pressure to
remove loose particles, dirt, oil, laitance
A consistent and continuous coating shall be attained of minimum thickness as specified in
Table 9. No shadowing due to the substrate profile shall compromise the minimum
thickness. If, on inspection, shadowing is observed, the membrane shall be inspected to
assess if the minimum thickness has been attained and any required remedial action taken.
Thickness measurements shall be taken in accordance with Table 9.
Continuous adhesion testing on site shall be completed in accordance with Table 9 to
ensure the waterproofing membrane is fully bonded to the shotcrete and shall be carried out
in accordance with EN 1542.
A multi-coat system shall be used with alternating contrasting colours for each applied layer.
Each layer shall be allowed to cure for the times recommended by the manufacturer for the
relevant conditions before installation of the subsequent layer. The final colour shall be
white or otherwise highly light reflective to assist with overall lighting performance within the
tunnel.
The operatives shall be certified as competent by the Waterproofing Supervisor.
Spraying techniques shall eliminate all pinholing, holidays (i.e. missing sections) and water-
making features compromising the integrity of the waterproofing membrane. Testing for
continuity shall be completed in accordance with Table 9
3.4.4 Penetrations and Corners

All installation details at penetrations fixings, changes in direction, termination and the like
shall be as shown on the Design Drawings, and in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations. Details shall be submitted to the Construction Certifier for approval.
3.4.5 Compliance Testing

Thickness during installation shall be monitored by utilisation of three measurements
continuously throughout the work:
• The consumption of material shall be checked and recorded as a confirmation of the
thickness measurements. The average thickness shall be calculated by dividing the
volume of membrane used (e.g. one drum) by the area of coverage obtained from that
volume, factored down by 30% to account for overspray and a further 10% (or the
relevant percentage of solids in the uncured membrane) for shrinkage.
• DFT (Dry Film Thickness) measurements shall be taken in accordance with ASTM D
1438 or ASTM D6132
• WFT (Wet Film Thickness) measurements taken with a WFT gauge during application
of the Spray Membrane in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations
A full inspection shall be made by the Water Proofing Supervisor before the tunnel
permanent lining is sprayed / cast, to confirm that the membrane has attained full coverage,
is fully waterproof and has suffered no damage. The inspection shall confirm that no
problems due to shrinkage, shadowing or detailing at penetrations and corners have
occurred. This testing shall be completed visually and be in accordance with ASTM D 4787.
The Contractor shall keep detailed records of the above checks and measurements, and
repair any deficiencies found prior to placement of the tunnel permanent lining.
3.5 Submissions
The following particulars of the proposed spray applied waterproofing systems shall be
submitted to the Construction Certifier.
• Manufacturer's literature and a certificate showing the waterproofing manufacturer's
name, the date and place of manufacture and showing that the waterproofing
membrane complies with the requirements stated in the Contract and including results
of tests for the following items in accordance with the minimum requirements
established in Table 9:
resistance to hydrostatic pressure
resistance to gas vapour pressure
bond stress
tensile strength
elongation
statement of durability for 100 year service life
detailed drawings from the manufacturer for termination, penetrations, fixings and
the like
Manufacturer’s literation to confirm the spray on membrane is compatible with any
waterstops used at the locations shown on the drawings
• Particulars of ancillary items such as primer, mastic, liquid membrane, and protection
boards as recommended by the manufacturers.
• The particulars, including certificates, shall be submitted in accordance with the
Contractor's Quality Assurance procedures. Certificates shall be submitted for each
batch of the material delivered to the Site.
4 Ancillary Items
4.1 Waterstops
Ancillary items such as rearguard waterstops, hydrophilic waterstops, penetrations, rondels,

proprietary membrane fixings shall be as shown on the Design Drawings and as approved
by the Construction Certifier.
All ancillary items shall be compatible with the membrane, sprayed membrane, fleece and
drainage components and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations and the Contractor’s construction work method statement.
4.2 Penetrations / Proprietary Membrane Fixing
The Contractor shall provide information from suppliers of proprietary items demonstrating
that they have a successful track record in similar applications.
Penetrations and proprietary membrane fixings shall only be used as shown on the Design
Drawings and as approved by the Construction Certifier.
Penetrations and membrane fixings shall be made and sealed as recommended by the
membrane manufacturer.
Where possible, penetrations and membrane fixings shall be proprietary products that are
installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

4.3 Submission Requirements
The Contractor shall review the compatibility of all membrane penetration and fixing
systems to ensure the integrity of the total waterproofing system and shall submit full details
of the proposed ancillary items, including details of installation procedures for approval by
the Construction Certifier Hold Point 7.
4.4 Re-injectable Tubes
The Contractor shall submit details of his proposed injection system to demonstrate that it
has a successful track record in similar tunnel environments.
Re-injectable tubes shall be installed, injected and reinjected according to the
manufacturer’s requirements.
Re-injectable tubes are to be installed at the locations shown on the design drawings
After a satisfactory seal has been effected, all re-injectable tubes shall be fully and
permanently grouted with a 100-year durable grout.
4.5 Bentonite Bands
Bentonite bands shall be installed in the transition Zone between drained and undrained
tunnel length in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations.
The geotextile placed between the membrane and the rock shall be omitted where there is a
bentonite band.
The bands shall be installed at each end of a transition length and at the intervals shown on
the drawings.
The bentonite band shall be supplied in overlapping sheets or rolls and shall be overlapped
on the tunnel inside face by the adjacent membrane sheet by 100mm minimum (and in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.).
Bentonite membrane shall be fixed to the substrate by nailing through roundelles or using
suitable large headed nails.
The membrane shall be fixed such that it is firmly against the substrate, to avoid stretching
and dislocation during concrete placement.
Penetrations of the bentonite band shall be avoided wherever possible. Where fixings are
required into the rock to support loads, the penetration of the membrane shall be cut tight to
the fixing and the joint shall be sealed using a minimum 20mm fillet of bentonite paste.
A full inspection shall be carried out before casting of the final lining and any damage
rectified to the Waterproofing Supervisor’s approval.
5 Geotextiles and Drainage Materials

5.1 Geotextiles
Geotextile used for drainage fleece with PPM and Spray-on membranes shall have the
mechanical and physical properties specified in Table 10 in both the longitudinal and
transverse directions.
Table 10– Geotextile Fleece for use with PPM Properties
Tests Requirements
Mass DIN EN 9864

Minimum 500 g/m'
Thickness under load of 2 bar DIN EN 9863-1

> l.8 rnm
Perforation strength (CBR) as per EN ISO 12236

1500N
Dynamic cone puncture as per EN 13433

<20mm
Min, tensile strength (any direction) as per EN ISO 10319

> 1.5kN/m
Elongation at failure as per EN ISO 10319

> 10%
Tear strength ASTM D4533

> 200 N
Water permeability (in-plane) at2bar as per EN ISO 12958

< 0.55 mm/s
Pore opening size O90 WET as per EN ISO 12956

< 0.09 mm
Flammability Classification as per DIN 4102

Class B2
Geotextiles shall be installed as separation and filter membranes for groundwater drainage
pipes and strip drains/dimple sheets. Materials and workmanship shall conform to PSTS27,
with the following additional provisions:
• Geotextiles shall be Strength Class C in accordance with Table 3, PSTS27
• Geotextiles shall be Filtration Class II in accordance with Table 4, PSTS27
5.2 Drainage Materials
Groundwater drainage pipes shall be provided at the base of the drained tunnel permanent
linings for the collection of groundwater in accordance with the Design Drawings included in
Design Lot AGTDR 200
Materials and Workmanship must conform to PSTS03, with the following additional
provisions:
• Groundwater drainage pipes shall be PVC, or perforated plastic pipes, conforming to AS
1254 or AS 2439 respectively
• Minimum falls for drainage pipes shall be in accordance with the Design Drawings
• Trench arrangements shall be in accordance with the Design Drawings
Strip drains or dimple sheets are to be employed for the collection of groundwater from the
outside of the conventional tunnel membranes in accordance with the Design Drawings.
Materials and Workmanship shall conform to PSTS03, with the following additional
provisions:
• Strip drains/ dimple sheets to be in accordance with the Design Drawings
• Strip drains / dimple sheets shall be fixed to the intrados of the temporary tunnel lining,
on the outside of the waterproof membrane. They shall connect into the longitudinal
collector pipes as shown on the Design Drawings

6 Concrete
6.1 No-fines Concrete
No-fines concrete shall conform to the requirements of the No Fines Concrete Subbase
Specification (reference BC-PBA-GLRSP301-SPC-0001)
6.2 Smoothing Shotcrete
Smoothing shotcrete shall conform to the general requirements of PSTS04 and the
Supplementary Specification for Shotcrete lining (reference BC-PBA-GLTSP102-SPC-0001)

Appendix A
Verification Records
Appendix B
Response to Comments
EXTERNAL (IV,CNI,BC): WORK VERIFICATION RECORD - DESIGN REVIEW COMMENT, RESPONSE AND INCORPORATION RECORD Close out status - IV & TJH use only
STATUS 54 completed 18/12/09
Date: 23/11/2009 Rating Impact STAGE 2 CONSOLIDATED COMMENTS - IV, BCS & CNI - ISSUED TO TJH 1/12/2009
11/01/10 Status 55 - PBA Amendment
1 = high impact
2 - Design stage 2 Global - Supplementary Specification - Tunnel - Waterproofing and Drainage 2 = medium impact
WVR: GLTSP107-0001VL13B
3 = Low impact
Rating Response
No. Name Discipline Area-Organisation Document Revision Reference Reviewer Comment - IV - STAGE 2 IV Status TJH Comment Designer response Incorporation status
Impact agreement
1 Bob Gee Tunnel IV BC-PBA-GLTSP107-SPC-0001 F-01 1.2.5 3rd bullet: Should not be indented and there appear to be words missing from the end Comment relates to the "draft copy' handed over which the IV CLOSED subject to N/A
relating to membrane thicknesses. requested was invalidated. Latest copy does not have this clause in. review at IFA
1 Refer to Section 1.2.5 where bullet point and text has been
changed
2 Bob Gee Tunnel IV BC-PBA-GLTSP107-SPC-0001 F-01 3.2.1 IV notes that at present, HDPE and HDPP membranes are not proposed by the Comment relates to the "draft copy' handed over which the IV CLOSED subject to N/A
Contractor (as opposed to the Designer). 3 requested was invalidated. Latest copy does not have this clause in. review at IFA
3 Bob Gee Tunnel IV BC-PBA-GLTSP107-SPC-0001 F-01 3.3.3 Insert "and" between "Hold Point 6" and "Witness Point" Text amended to "Hold Point and Witness Point" CLOSED subject to Incorporated
3
Refer to Section 3.3.3 for insertion. review at IFA
4 Robert Burke Tunnel IV BC-PBA-GLTSP107-SPC-0001 F-01 General Comment Has the durability and performance of the goesynthetic and polymer membranes been The types of membranes specified have been extensively tested for CLOSED- Incorporated
assessed for low ph water or where migrating contaminates exist? soil and ground water conditions in various tunnel applications. They Conditional of the
have a proven for a 100 year design life in standard tunnel conditions incorporation of the
designers response
Similarly the geotextile (being of polypropylene rather than polyester) and review at IFA.
are highly resistant to significant variations in ground water pH (and
are they type recommended by the membrane manufacturer for use as
membrane fleece backing
Notwithstanding the general material performance and durability

characteristics detailed above for the proposed membrane and
geotextile materials, it should however be noted that if specific
contaminants or unusually high variations in groundwater ph levels are
2 expected (project specific) the proposed materials should in fact be
reviewed specifically with the manufacturers.
We will add a requirement in the specification as follows.
“The Contractor to undertake water tests during construction to confirm

that the seepage inflow is within the allowable range for PH and other
contaminants compatible with the 100 year design life of the membrane
Refer to Section 3.1.4 for insertion of text.
5 Robert Burke Tunnel IV BC-PBA-GLTSP107-SPC-0001 F-01 WVR It is noted that the attached WVR has not been completed or signed. Please address. Comment relates to the "draft copy' handed over which the IV CLOSED N/A
2 requested was invalidated. Reissued version had signed sheets
Rating Response
No. Name Discipline Area-Organisation Document Revision Reference Reviewer Comment - BCS - STAGE 2 IV Status TJH Comment Designer response Incorporation status
Impact agreement
6 David Rankin BCS BC-PBA-GLTSP107-SPC-0001 F-01 clause 1.2.5 Why are the system components for TBM listed under this Comment relates to the "draft copy' handed over which the IV CLOSED N/A
section? requested was invalidated.
Please update/confirm the system components now being
The revised copy that was issued F-01 on the 18th September had the
used for the TBM tunnel. I believed that the hydrophilic 3 TBM section deleted.
strips were not being used on the precast segments.
Please review and update as necessary.
Rating Response
No. Name Discipline Area-Organisation Document Revision Reference Reviewer Comment - CNI - STAGE 2 IV Status TJH Comment Designer response Incorporation status
Impact agreement
7 Andrew Axton CNI Report Sections 1.2.5 and It is noted that the specification uses the terms of “excessively wet” areas Section revised to state "Slotted flixi-drain pipes and strip drains fircs CLOSED- Incorporated
3.1.2, Page 3 and 10 and “excessive groundwater” inflow. It is not evident what is meant by in the shotcrete subgrade in areas of the tunnel where the Conditional of the
‘excessive’ as no definition appears to be provided. Please address this Waterproofing supervisions considers the inflow of water will impede incorporation of the
the ability to install the waterproofing membrane in accordance with designers response
issue.
this specification and review at IFA.
Refer to Section 1.2.5
8 Andrew Axton CNI Report Section 2.2 Table 4 It is not evident from the report that the State are to be notified prior to Please refer to BC-PBA-GLRSP000-SPC-0001 General CLOSED N/A
witness points occurring, in accordance with Section 1.3(b) of Annexure 10 Specification Section 3.1 as this refers to the mentioned
Part 1 of the Performance Specification. Please address this issue. section (Performance Specification Section 1.3(b) of Annexure
10 part1. which is to be read with every specification.
9 Andrew Axton CNI Report Section 3.3.1 It is not clear from the information provided what the difference in the testing A note has been added. clarifying that vacuum testing of solid CLOSED- Incorporated
regime is for the double and the single welds. It is also not evident from the extrusion welds is for single welds Conditional of the
report whether the testing of the welds will also include copper wire " vacuum testing to 0.2 bar shall be carried out on solid extrusion incorporation of the
welds (single welds) and hot air weld patches with no loss of vacuum designers response
conductive testing where single seam welds are used as is common practice
or visual indication of a faulty weld" and review at IFA.
for this type of operation. Please address this issue. Refer to Section 3.3.1 for text
Rating Response
Impact agreement
10 Andrew Axton CNI Report Sections 3.1.2 and It is noted that spray on membranes do not adhere well to wet/damp or A note has been added "spray on membrans whall not be used in CLOSED- Incorporated
3.4.2, Pages 10 and 17 running water substrates. It is not evident why this has not been specified in areas where the presence of water exceeds the limits of the Conditional of the
the 1st paragraph along with the other substrate requirements. Please manufacturers recommendation". incorporation of the
designers response
address this issue and specifically for the spray on membranes.
Also refer to clause 3.1.3 which applies to all waterproofing systems and review at IFA.
Refer to Section 3.1.2
11 Andrew Axton CNI Report Section 3.3.1, Page 15 It is stated in the dot point that “test pressure shall be not less than 2 bar and The comment is not appropriate. The test pressure is to ensure there CLOSED N/A
a reduction of pressure after 10 minutes shall not exceed 20%”. It is not is not an air leak and that both welds are effective. It is not to test the
evident if the proposed test pressure is appropriate given that some of the waterproofing capability of the system . The use of air which is
significanlty less viscous than water is a more onerous test.
undrained tunnels may see groundwater pressures greater than 2 bar.
Please address this issue.
12 Andrew Axton CNI Report Section 3.4.1 It is noted that a statement of durability shall be provided by the The requirement to submit information is captured under Hold point 1, CLOSED N/A
manufacturer for the life expectancy to achieve 100 years. It is not evident section 3.1.1
where and to whom this information will be provided.
13 Andrew Axton CNI Report Section 3.4.2, Page 18 It is noted that there are numerous references to Table 10 in this section of Noted. The references in the document are to table 9 they should be CLOSED- Incorporated
the specification but it appears that reference to Table 9 should be made table 10. The first sentence has been removed "Smoothing layer Conditional of the
instead. Please address this inconsistency. shotcrete shall be completed using a maximum aggregates partical incorporation of the
size of 4mm" as this requirement has been incorporated int the designers response
shotcrete specification no GLTSP102 being reissued AFC. and review at IFA.
Refer to Section 6.2
14 Andrew Axton CNI Report Section 3.5 It is not evident that the compatibility of the waterstops with the sprayed New bullet added to cover this requirement "manufacturers literation to CLOSED- Incorporated
membrane is included in the list. Please address this issue. confirm the spary on membrane is compatable with any waterstope Conditional of the
used at the locations shown on the drawings" incorporation of the
Refer to Section 3.5 designers response
and review at IFA.
15 Andrew Axton CNI Report Section 4.4 It is not evident from the information provided where it is proposed to install A note has been aadded that the "reinjectable tubes are to be installed CLOSED- Incorporated
the re-injectable tubes. Please address this issue. at the locations shown on the design drawings". Conditional of the
Refer to Section 4.4 incorporation of the
designers response
and review at IFA.
16 Andrew Axton CNI Report Section 4.5, Page 20 It is not evident what testing is proposed on the installed bentonite bands to We are not aware of any test possible other than constructing the CLOSED N/A
ensure their design intent is achieved. Please address this issue. Works as the bentonite is fixed to the ground and becomes efffective
when it expands on contact with water. There is plenty of precedent
for using this solutiion.
17 Andrew Axton CNI Report Section 6.2 It is noted that reference is made to the report GLTSP102-SPC-0001, Text removed and reference made to specification GLTSP102-SPC- CLOSED_ Incorporated
however this report has not been issued to CNI for comment. Please 0001 which has been submitted AFC. It wwas formerly AGTSP100- Conditional that a
address this issue. SPC-0002 which was issued AFC on the 25th Feb 2009. copy of GLTSP102
BC-PBA-GLTSP102-SPC-0001 has been issued Post AFC and is is provided to CNI
going through the DCN process in hard and
electronic formats.
18 Andrew Axton CNI Report Section 6 It is noted that Sections 8.16 and 8.18.1 of the Durability Report Section 8.16 of the durability report states that a robust design be CLOSED- It is N/A
(AGDTR100) recommended to undertake further investigation of the adopted for the tunnel draingage system, unless Further testing of the suggested that the
compatibility of no-fines concrete with groundwater flowing through the susceptibility of groundwater clogging of No Fines Concrete (NFC) is designer response
undertaken. As noted in Section 4.1.8 and 4.1.9 of the AKRDR100 be incorporated into
drainage layer by means of experimental testing. The Durability Report
Design Lot report, a robust design approach has been adopted for the the Global
recommends that no-fines concrete is not used without such an investigation groundwater drainage system. Durability report-
being undertaken. It is not evident that further investigation of the AGDTR100.
susceptibility of no-fines concrete to leaching and clogging has been The overall groundwater drainage system includes a number of
undertaken. Please demonstrate compliance with Sections 5.2.3(c), 6.6.2(c) elements, including a NFC drainage layer underneath the road
and 7.4.2(a)(v) of Annexure 1 Part 1 of the Performance Specification for the pavements for drained structures, lateral(herringbone) drainage pipes
use of no-fines concrete. under the road pavement to drain the NFC layer at regular intervals,
longitudinal drainage pipes along the low side of the road pavement,
lateral drainage pipes connected to the longitudinal drainage pipes,
vertical strip drains behind the piled walls connected to the longitudinal
drainage pipes. Spoon drains will be located along the top of the
barriers and along the low side of the floor of egress and passages, to
intercept any condensate seepage through the walls.
Rating Response
Impact agreement
19 The Lateral and longitudinal pipes draining the NFC layer will be CLOSED N/A
located In small drainage trenhces below the NFC layer. These pipes
will be surrounded by 20mm graval and will act to drain water out of
the NFC layer. Thereby minimising the likelihood of water ponding in
the NFC layer for extended periods.
The system is designed to allow forced flushing of the NFC drainage

layer by inserting an inflatable plug at the lower end of the of the
lateral pipe and inserting a high pressure hose at the upper end of the
lateral pipe.
Maintenance of the groundwater drainage pipes will be undertaken by

water jetting and rodding. Maintence access to the pipes will be
provided by flush out points located at the blind end of all lateral
drainage pipes and at 60m centresalong the longitudinal drainage
pipes. Intermediategroundwater pits will replace every tird flush out
point, to provied improved access for blockage removal. Flush out
points and groundwater pits will be located at the toe of the barrier
within the road shoulder and will double as pressure relief caps to the
groundwater system.
20 Short term and long term design groundwater inflows have been CLOSED N/A
factored by 3.0. Additional clogging factors were adopted for the NFC
drainage layer, based on 10% clogging in the short term (5 years) and
90% clogging in the long term (100 years).
Compliance with the Performance Specification will be achieved by the

adoption of robust. design elements for the groundwater drainage
system, including allowance for system redundancy via flow safety
factors, allowance for flushing of the NFC drainage layer and
allowance for water jetting and rodding of the drainage pipes via
regular flushing points and groundwater pits
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
IV Status
* Means Response acceptable - will be closed when completed

Y Means Complies with Project requirements
N Means Does not comply with Project requirements
M Means Minor non compliance with Project Requirements
N/A Means Not Applicable to this design lot
Transmittal Stage Doc Number Revision Area Element Title
Review Comment External-IV-CNI

AIRPORT Specification Tunnel Waterproofing and Drainage Specification

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AIRPORT Specification Tunnel Waterproofing and Drainage Specification

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Thiess John Holland

Table 1 – Definition of terms particular to this Specification

Table 10– Geotextile Fleece for use with PPM Properties

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1.1.2 Drained Tunnels

1.1.3 Combined Drained and Undrained Tunnels

1.1.4 Undrained tunnels

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1.2 Waterproofing Requirements and Methods

1.2.2 Project Deed Requirements

1.2.3 Drained Tunnels

1.2.4 Undrained Tunnels

1.2.5 Mined Tunnel waterproofing system components

• Geotextile fleece in accordance with Section 5

1.3 Definition of Terms

Design Drawings Drawings prepared by PBA for the construction of the

designed for the part of the expected full hydrostatic

FPO Flexible Polyolefine Elastomer (PE-PP copolymer)

HDPE High-density polyethylene

HDPP High-density polypropylene

Intrados Inner curve of an arch

LLDPE Linear Low Density Polyethylene -

PPM Preformed Polymer Membrane

PVC-P Advanced plasticized Polyvinyl-chloride

Project Engineer Person nominated by TJHJV to oversee and approve the

Waterproofing Person nominated by TJHJV to oversee and approve the

VLDPE Very Low Density Polyethylene

1.4 Standards and Related Specifications

1.4.1 General Specification

1.4.2 Standards and Related Specifications

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BC-PBA-GLSSP405-SPC-0001 Global - Supplementary Specification - Structures –

1.5 Discrepancy Between Drawings and Specification

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2 Quality System Requirements

2.2 Hold Points, Witness Points and Milestones

Specification Hold Hold Point Details For Release By

All relevant Hold Points outlined in the Specifications

Hold Points as the Contractor deems necessary to

TJH shall provide necessary evidence, for the

Survey of shotcrete smoothing layer prior to

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Specification Hold Hold Point Details For Release By

Visual inspection of shotcrete smoothing layer prior Waterproofing

Inspection of membrane prior to moving form into

Inspection of installed membrane prior to installation

Approval of the proposed ancillary items, including Construction

Specification Clause Witness Point Details For Release By

All relevant witness points the Independent IV

Witness points as the Contractor deems Contractor

Specification Clause Milestone Details Timing

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2.3 Work Method Statements

Specification Clause Work Method Statements

Category of Work Description of Trial

Spray-on Membrane Pre-production panel in accordance with the manufacturers

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3.1.2 Preparation of surfaces prior to Installation of membrane/geotextile/spay

3.1.3 Material Manufacturers Instructions

3.1.4 Design Life and Durability

3.1.5 Interaction with the Environment

3.2 Preformed Polymer Membranes

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Thickness (Undrained Tunnels) as per DIN 53370