Scour & Riverfront Protection-Scott Wilson

Annex C
Scott Wilson Engineering

Report
ANNEX C
GALA WATER APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT
Scour & Riverbank Protection Works
Generic Solutions and Temporary Works
Ref: B103104-ST–R–001
Issue 05
Prepared By
D.Surgeoner
………..……………………………... Date : 23/11/05

Structures Team Member
Reviewed By
D.Ashton
……………………………………….. Date : 23/11/05

Senior Engineer (Hydrology)
CONTENTS
Page
1.0 GENERIC SOLUTIONS 3
2.0 CONSTRUCTION TEMPORARY WORKS METHODS 4
3.0 SCOUR / EROSION ASSESSMENT 5
4.0 TABLES 7
Table 1A : Generic Solutions – Structures (Hard) 7
Table 1B : Generic Solutions – Structures (Soft) 10
Table 2A : Generic Solutions – Riverbank and Railway Embankments (Hard) 11
Table 2B : Generic Solutions – Riverbank and Railway Embankments (Soft) 12
APPENDICES 15
Appendix A – Scour Protection Design Process (Bridges)
Appendix B – Scour/Erosion Protection Design Process (Earthworks)
Appendix C – Structures and River Bank Protection Schedule
Appendix D - Drawings
Waverley Railway Project B103104 - Gala Water Appropriate Assessment
1.0 Generic Solutions
The ability to carry out work on any structure or embankment directly adjacent to the Gala Water or an
immediate tributary will depend greatly on the ease of access to the site, whether the work can be carried out
directly from the level of the track or whether it must be done from within the Gala Water itself, because of
limited working width or reach.
The degree of impact will depend on the extent of the structural repair works necessary, the length of the
Gala Water to be protected and the overall length of the construction programme.
The physical impact on the Gala Water will depend on the type of works being undertaken and whether the
works are actually in the river or adjacent to it. There are various scenarios :
• Temporary diversion(s) of the watercourse.

( to allow a cofferdam to be installed–earthworks or sheet piling locally to the works. )
• Permanent re-profiling of the river bank/bed to accommodate protection works.
( locally to a structure or embankment location so as not to endanger the works further )
• Removal of well-established vegetation to accommodate construction work.
( locally to a structure or embankment location to permit efficient and safe construction )
• Direct disturbance of the watercourse bed or bank by machines working in the water.
( locally to a structure / embankment location for limited periods of time. )
• Direct contact of Plant with the water.
( hence the risk water contamination by oils – covered by SEPA PPG’s. )
• Accidental spillage of oils or materials from a machine.
( safe working methods required to minimize the risks. )
The thought process leading up to which sites are to receive treatment in the first place has been assessed
using the criteria given in Appendix A (structures) and Appendix B (embankments). The final solution to be
applied at each site, has yet to be decided upon though an indication of the options available is provided in
Appendix C and has been assessed from inspections carried out during 2002 and 2005.
The scour protection solutions provided in this report, and given in Tables 1A/1B and 2A/2B, offer various
‘hard’ and ‘soft’ ‘generic solutions’ for scour protection works required for both structural and earthworks
application and are a basis for any permanent design. An estimate of the duration of the works is also
provided. Drawings showing an outline of each generic solution are included in Appendix D. Conditions at
any site, however, can deteriorate rapidly if unchecked, under the rigours of the natural environment, and
modification of any named solution may be required at the time the work is carried out.
It is recognised that the status and sensitivity of the Gala Water will dictate that all engineering works have
to be sympathetic to the environmental constraints - conflict with species at risk, any enhancement
requirements – with the overriding aspiration for low/no impact. The generic solution picked for each site
will have to be selected taking account of these constraints and through close consultation with the
environmental team will need modified to suit the specific environmental needs and enhancements necessary
to mitigate any adverse effects of the remedial works.
The exact nature of any enhancements and mitigation works are beyond the scope of this report. The form
of any planting or ‘softening’ of the engineering solution must be site specific and should require to be
investigated in association with mitigations necessary to avoid conflict with species and other environmental
issues.
Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P03 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. Page 3

2.0 Construction Temporary Works Methods
Although the exact methodology for carrying out remedial works at each site will depend upon the
Contractor undertaking the works ‘Client Requirements’ and generic temporary works methodologies could
be developed to direct and constrain the construction methods used. These Requirements would be in
addition to any general codes of best construction practice issued by SEPA, SNH or others and would be
developed at the time of contract preparation. Some typical requirements might be :
• Limiting the duration of activities within the Gala to minimise impact.

• Defining the site boundary limits around each item of work, say 10m upstream and downstream of a
structure, though this will also depend on topography constraints and site accesses available.
• Restricting access requirements to minimize riverbank disturbance.
• Restricting the type of materials used.
• The inclusion of environmental enhancements as part of the proposed works.
• The treatment of water from dewatering operations before discharging back to the river.
In trying to develop a set of generic solutions/methodologies for temporary works the most important factor
will probably be the need to minimize riverbed disturbance whilst working in the river in a safe
environment. Whichever methods are used, any contractor will want to arrange these to fit in with his own
programme of works and method of working. The table below provides a selection of generic
methodologies available for temporary works with comment on some of the issues involved. :
Ref Description of Temporary Works Comments

• Sand/grout bags around the works ( bridge Minimum bed disturbance.
TW 1 works only). Difficulty keeping works dry if
• Wet or dry working underflow through gravel bed.
• Sheet piled cofferdam around the works Reduced bed disturbance.
installed by rig in the water (bridge works) or Difficulty keeping works dry if
TW 2 from the bank (earthworks). underflow through gravel bed.
• Wet or dry working.
• In-river bund formed from bed material Difficulty keeping works dry if
TW 3 (earthworks only). underflow through gravel bed.
• Wet or dry working
• Diversion channel through flood span to Difficulty keeping works dry if
TW 4 isolate bridge abutment/pier. underflow through gravel bed.
• ‘Dry’ working only.
• Dam the river and over-pump flow Only possible during very low flows.
TW 5
For all the options, except TW 1 perhaps, there will be initial bed disturbance whilst setting the sheet piles or
forming a channel/bund following which there will be no further impact until reinstatement. The type of
temporary works used will also depend on the time of year and the impact on species locally to the works.
There will always be difficulties in working within a river environment especially if dry working conditions
are required. Working ‘wet’ is also possible but contained and still water conditions would generally be
required to minimize the impact that the materials used might have on the river environment. The issues of

working dry or wet and the materials used will require further development and control once a contractor is
appointed.
Temporary works associated with structures is relatively simple and can be covered by the descriptions
above. For some of the earthwork embankment sites within the appropriate assessment there is significant
tree / scrub growth along the embankment slope. Even though a relatively simple generic solution is
provided, how this is achieved could become of strategic importance. Stripping out the vegetation prior to
placing rock infill would obviously cause a silt problem in itself. The temporary works and Contractor
methodology together with any environmental enhancements required therefore becomes critical in shaping
the final solution.
Below are some further treatment strategies that could be applied but which would require to analysed in
detail with regard specific sites and as such is outwith the scope of this report :
1) Create a berm ( 4 to 6 m wide ), at the max flood level, on the railway side of the river by the installation
of sheet piles near the toe of slope and without reducing the water way area significantly. A machine
would create a rock platform on which to stand adjacent to the river and install sheet piles in front. As
the machine moved forward, either
a) the void between the sheet piles and the embankment slope would be infilled and a berm created for
access and also for environmental enhancement. Only the trees directly adjacent to the river would
be removed to allow machine access. The majority of vegetation on the slope would remain,
or
b) a rip rap rock slope would be formed between the sheet piles and the embankment slope as the work
progressed and sheet piles installed at the start of the work would be removed as work progressed
leaving an exposed rip rap slope.
The exception to such a strategy would be where the slope itself was unstable and would require to be
rebuilt as ( b ) above with an new embankment with integral rip rap formed behind the sheet piles.
2) Adjust the alignment of the railway itself by moving it landward, away from the Gala, so as to provide
additional horizontal distance between the track and the Gala . This obviously depends on the location
of existing structures, the location bends on the track and local topographical features. This would allow
the installation of a rip rap erosion protection toe away from the edge of the Gala so avoiding any
impact. In time the existing Gala bank would erode away naturally until the rock protection laid down
would become exposed and halt any further cutting back.
3.0 Scour / Erosion Assessment
In preparing the generic solutions to protect structures and earthwork embankments against the forces of
scour and erosion an assessment of the degree of risk was also required. The assessment has been prepared
in ‘the present time’ and does not take into account what the status of any structural element might be one or
more years further on.
Although Network Rail are not promoting the Waverley Project, the works will ultimately have to be
approved by them and be compliant with their standards. Using Network Rail standards will therefore
provide a strong consensus that appropriate methodologies have been applied as part of the appropriate
assessment. Railway Group Standard GC/RT5143 (Scour and Flooding, Managing the Risk) and the
associated report, Hydraulic Aspects of Bridges: Assessment of the risk of scour (Report EX 2502, by HR
Wallingford Ltd) provides such an approach.

The above scour assessment report is concerned with the safety of the bridge due to scour attack, not any
structural weakness. Scour at bridges is highly complex and cannot be precisely predicted. The method
used allows a bridge to be inspected and assessed in a relatively short time without special equipment. This
is a comparative assessment and provides a categorisation of piers/abutments and their risk of failure due to
scour. The thought process leading up to the assessment has been given in Appendix A to this report. The
output provides a Priority Rating by which the company responsible for track and structure can assess the
frequency and level of inspection for the planning of repair works. This priority rating is given within the
Structures and River Bank Protection Works Schedule given in Appendix C.
There is no Network Rail Group standard for the effects of erosion on earthwork embankments though many
of the applied forces and parameters are exactly the same. In the context of providing an appropriate
assessment for earthworks that might have an impact on the Gala Water a margin of 6 metres between the
toe of the railway embankment and the Gala Water has been defined. Again, the thought process leading up
to the assessment has been given in Appendix B to this report. This is not to say other earthworks close to
the Gala Water but greater than 6 metres from the bank may not be required but that the impact would not be
direct and would also be much more controllable.
Although this AA is a requirement of the Gala Water European status the new Water Environment
(Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2005 will provide a direct control for any future construction
and maintenance work required to be carried out on the Railway infrastructure adjacent to the Gala Water.

4.0 Tables
Table 1A : Generic Solutions – Structures (Hard)
‘Hard’ Solutions Drawing Ref : B103104/ST/DRG/001/P02
Ref. Description Construction Methodology Construction Duration

(at each location)1
BH 1 Structural Underpinning (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 1 - 2 Weeks
(b) Initiate fresh water monitoring plan
(c) Safely install temporary river works: diversion, sheet piles, cofferdam, etc
(d) Prepare/level bed around abutment/pier for plant
(e) Drill cores through the abutment/pier 2 - 4 Weeks

(f) Install in-situ concrete piles in core holes
(g) ‘Make good’ pier/abutment face
(h) Place scour protection works – rip rap, grout mattress etc
(j) Remove temporary river works 1 Week
BH 2 Sheet Piling & Grouting (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 2 - 3 Weeks
(e) Drive sheet piles into bed around abutment/pier to form cofferdam.
(f) Pump grout into void(s) below the structure 1 - 2 Weeks
(g) Place additional scour protection works around piles if required,
(h) Remove temporary river works 1 Week
1
Note : Construction duration given is for the work at each location only and does not include for any interface with other work locations.

(at each location)1
BH 3 Grout Mattress (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 1-2 Weeks
(e) Excavate river bed to form toe trench.
(f) Place man-made fibre mattress in place on river bed and fix to structure 2-3 Weeks
(g) Pump cementitous grout into mattress through valves
(h) Carefully place stone in toe trench
(j) Remove temporary river works 1 Week
BH 4 PC Box Replacement (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 1 Week
(d) Demolish existing structure 2-3 Weeks
(e) Prepare/level bed/banks for new structure
(f) Place ‘blinding’ concrete to formation
(g) Place PC concrete box sections on formation
(h) Construct wingwalls.
(j) Backfilll to new structure.
(k) Waterproofing and finishes.
(l) Prepare new gravel bed through structure
(m) Place scour protection works – rip rap, grout mattress etc
(n) Remove temporary river works. 1 Week


(at each location)1
BH 5 Structural Repairs to existing (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 1 – 2 Weeks
masonry substructure(s) within the (b) Initiate fresh water monitoring plan
river channel (c) Safely install temporary river works: diversion, sheet piles, cofferdam, etc
(d) Take down/cut out affected areas of masonry. 1 – 3 Weeks
(e) Undertake masonry and/or brick repairs including re-pointing and
devegetation as required.
(f) Place scour protection works where required – rip rap, grout mattress etc
(g) Remove temporary river works. 1 Week
BH 6 Cut back/repairs to existing concrete (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 1 – 2 Weeks
apron/scour protection (b) Initiate fresh water monitoring plan
(d) Break out/cut back existing concrete scour protection 2 – 3 Weeks

(e) Excavate river bed to required level
(f) Install temporary formwork for grout (timber, cement bags etc)
(g) Carry out concrete repairs
(h) Place scour protection works where required – rip rap, grout mattress etc
(j) Remove temporary river works. 1 Week

Table 1B : Generic Solutions – Structures (Soft)
‘Soft’ Solutions Drawing Ref : B103104/ST/DRG/001/P01

(at each location)
BS 1 Rock Rip Rap (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 2 – 4 Weeks
(c) Safely install temporary river works: diversion, sheet piles, cofferdam,
etc
(d) Prepare/level bed around abutment/pier for rip-rap
(e) Place stone rip rap
(f) Reinstate river bed.
(g) Remove temporary river works.

Table 2A : Generic Solutions – Riverbank and Railway Embankments (Hard)
‘Hard’ Solutions Drawing Ref : B103104/GO/DRG/001/P03

(at each location)
EH 1 Retaining Wall (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 4–6 Weeks / 10m length
(c) Safely install temporary river works: diversion, sheet piles,
cofferdam, etc
(d) Embankment reconstruction/re-profiling as required for stability.
(e) Prepare/level bed and bank(s).
(f) Construct temporary works and formwork for wall.
(g) Pour concrete (via concrete pump).
(h) Strike concrete and make good any defects.
(j) Re-profile bank and river bed.
(k) Place rock rip rap toe protection as required.
(l) Remove temporary river works.
EH 2 Stone/Concrete Setts (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 2–4 Weeks / 10m length
cofferdam, etc
(f) Place geotextile or stone filter layer if required.
(g) Place stone/concrete setts.
(h) Remove temporary river works.
EH 3 Sheet piling with Rip rap additional (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. EH 3
& protection (b) Initiate fresh water monitoring plan. 1 week / 10 - 20metre run
EH 3A (c) Install sheet piles.
(d) Place rip rap as required. EH 3A
(f) Re-profile slope. 1 week / 15 – 25 metre run
(g) Install soil infilling and planting as required.
Table 2B : Generic Solutions – Riverbank and Railway Embankments (Soft)
‘Soft’ Solutions Drawing Ref : B103104/GO/DRG/001/P03

(at each location)
ES 1 Rip Rap (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 1 week / 10 to 20metre run
cofferdam, etc
(e) Excavate into bed and bank. Profile as required
(f) Place geotextile or stone filter layer.
(g) Place stone rip rap to profile required.
(h) Remove temporary river works.
ES 2 Gabions (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 1 week / 10 to 20 metre run
cofferdam, etc
(f) Lay geotextile filter material.
(g) Place and secure empty baskets.
(h) Fill the baskets as required – random or faced – and close off.
(j) Topsoil cover to gabions and landscape requirements.
(k) Re-profile bank and river bed as required.
(l) Place rock riprap as toe protection if required.
(m) Remove temporary river works.


ES 3 Reno Mattress (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 1 week / 10 to 20 metre run
cofferdam, etc
(f) Lay geotextile filter material.
(g) Place and secure empty baskets.
(h) Fill the baskets as required – random or faced – and close off.
(j) Topsoil cover to gabions and landscape requirements.
(k) Re-profile bank and river bed as required.
(l) Place rock riprap as toe protection if required.
(m) Remove temporary river works.
ES 4 3D Geotextile Matting (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 1 week / 10 to 20 metre run
( for flood plain use ) (b) Initiate fresh water monitoring plan
cofferdam, etc
(e) Place topsoil.
(f) Place Geotextile matting and fix in position.
(g) Prepare top and bottom trenches for fixing mat.
(h) Sow grass seed.
(j) Place soil on mat and sow further grass seed.
(k) Lightly tamp the soil surface.
(l) Remove temporary river works if used..


ES 5 ‘Fascine’ bank protection (a) Apply pollution prevention and environment protection measures. 1 week / 10 to 20 metre run
( Small watercourse / ditch ) (b) Initiate fresh water monitoring plan
cofferdam, etc
(e) Place geogrid/geotextile matting and fix in position.
(f) Place wattle fencing, timber stakes sapling trees to required form.
(g) Backfill with soil and landscape to requirements.
(h) Planting and grass seeding to requirements.
(j) Remove temporary river works if used.

Appendices
Appendix A
Scour Protection Design

Process (Bridges)
Waverley Railway Project Appendix A - Scour Protection Design Process B103104 - Gala Water Appropriate Assessment
Initial Visual Inspection
Inspection Osiris Inspection Topographic Survey
Assess Structure
Assessment
Structural Assessment Scour Risk Assessment
Movement or Instability No Movement or Instability
Determine Scour Risk Category
Watercourse management strategy
Environmental Considerations
Scope of Works
Structural Repairs Choose generic Scour Protection Solution
Rebuild/Renew Grout/Sheet Pile Underpin
Hard solution Soft solution Do nothing
Local Substructure Repairs
Agree solution(s)
Implementation
Implement watercourse diversion/management
Implement solutions
Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P02 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. 25/11/2005

Appendix B
Scour/Erosion Protection
Design Process
(Earthworks)
Waverley Rail Project B103104 - Gala Water Appropriate Assessment
Appendix B – Riverbank Protection Design Process
Direct Impact of Embankment Earthworks on Gala Water based on :

• Site location criteria as defined below.
• Slope stability assessment of embankment
X
RAILWAY
TRACK
FLOOD PLAIN
Y HG
WATERCOURSE
HB
SITE LOCATION CRITERIA
IF HG ≤ 2 METRES IF HG ≥ 2 METRES
AND X < 2(HB + HG) AND Y < 6 METRES
OR Y < 2HB
( THE LARGER )
SRF = FACTOR 5 TO 10 SRF = FACTOR 5 TO 10

( See Note ) ( See Note )
THEN THEN
PROTECTION WORK PROTECTION WORK

REQUIRED REQUIRED
SOLUTION SOLUTION
HARD SOFT HARD SOFT
( Engineered, Structural ) ( Natural, Landscaped ) ( Engineered, Structural ) ( Natural, Landscaped )
Slope stability works to Slope stability works to Slope stability works to Slope stability works to
railway embankment railway embankment railway embankment railway embankment
Gabion baskets and Gabion baskets and
Concrete Retaining walls Concrete Retaining walls
Reno mattresses Reno mattresses
Concrete/stone setts Rock Rip Rap Concrete/stone setts Rock Rip Rap
Sheet piling 3D PP erosion matting 3D PP erosion matting
Note : Note :
All items with soil infill and All items with soil infill and
grass seeding. grass seeding.
NOTE :
SCOUR RISK FACTOR
( Example : SRF = 4.3 )
STRAIGHT BEND FACTOR SEVERE
•0 5
• •
10
SCOUR RISK FACTOR ( SRF )
STRONG EROBIBILITY FACTOR WEAK
Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P02 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. &[Date]

Appendix C
Structures and River Bank

Protection Schedule
WAVERLEY PROJECT : B103104
GALA WATER
SNH APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT
Location Details Structure Details and Proposed Works Scour Risk Assessment Details Conclusions
Scour Risk Assessment

Possible Scour Estimated Bed/Embankment
Proposed Chainage (m) as Priority Rating
Solution Type (Note 3 Excavation ( m3 )
per Engineering Layouts (Report EX2502)
& 5) (Note 4)
Photograph (Note 1 & 2)
Site ID No. Local Name or Bridge Number Identification Work Category General Description Proposed Bridge Works Gala Water Interface Risk Areas Scour / Erosion Protection Works Possible Impact Residual Impact Comment
50 UB 45 - Nr Heriot Culvert UB 45 : West Culvert - Scour/Erosion The bridge is a 1.7m square span structure with headroom varying from 1.6m at the west New reinforced concrete deck superstructure and Transfers Gala Water from one Flooding of track No scour protection works required. No foundations exposed.
Elevation side to 1.9m at the east side, and carried the former railway over the Gala Water which handrail. Waterproofing. Minor substructure repairs - side of the track to the other via Scour to wing walls and
meanders beneath numerous structures along this part of the route. It comprises 4 repointing and de-vegetation. Void repair (1200mm x culvert. abutments
longitudinal steel girders acting as railbearers with edge beams comprising old rails 550mm x 270 mm) to southest wingwall.
21910 supporting a timber deck and wrought iron handrails with timber posts. The substructure 5 None Nil
comprises brick abutments and stone wingwalls. The distance between the handrails was
measured at 8.1m. Curved retaining walls at the both inlet and outlet train the stream
locally to achieve a perpendicular crossing of the railway line just under the bridge.
51 UB 47 - Nr Heriot UB 47 : View From Culvert - Scour/Erosion The bridge is a 1.8m square span structure with headroom of 0.8m at the flood level, and New reinforced concrete deck superstructure and Transfers Gala Water from one Flooding of track No scour protection works required. No foundations exposed.
the Top carried the former railway over the Gala Water. It comprises 4 longitudinal steel girders handrail. Waterproofing. Minor substructure repairs - side of the track to the other via Scour to wing walls and
22517 acting as railbearers with edge beams comprising old rails supporting a timber deck and repointing and de-vegetation. Void repairs to southest culvert. abutments 5 None Nil
wrought iron handrail with timber posts. The substructure comprises brick abutments and and southwest wingwalls Crack monitoring..
stone wingwalls.
52 UB 48 - Nr Heriot UB 48 - Heriot Culvert - Scour/Erosion The bridge is a single 3.0m square span structure, which carried the former railway over New reinforced concrete deck superstructure and Transfers Gala Water from one Flooding of track No scour protection works required. No foundations exposed.
Station Culvert : the Gala Water. The headroom measured from the top of the water level at the time of the handrail. Waterproofing. Minor substructure repairs - side of the track to the other via Scour to wing walls and
West Elevation inspection was 1.1m. The superstructure consists of 4 longitudinal steel girder railbearers repointing and de-vegetation. culvert. abutments
22770 and 2 old rail beam edge girders supporting a timber deck and wrought iron handrails. The 4 None Nil
old station platform consists of old rails in 5 groups of 2 supporting a timber deck elevated
1.25m above the existing bridge. The substructure comprises brick abutments and stone
wingwalls.
4 Gala Water Shoestanes Burn interface Embankment - Scour / Erosion The Gala water runs along the toe of the railway embankment between chainages 22,770 Banks of Gala Water. Flooding of track. Sheet piling preferred to minimize in-stream Restricted ground Ballast maintenance might be required
and 23,010. The track levels along these chainages are in the order of 1m above the bank Erosion and scour to bank work. Rip water flow unless after flood event.
top. Erosion protection of the embankment itself is required to ensure stability of the of railway embankment EH3 or EH1 rap alternative protection to banks. Extent sheet piles perforated. Gala Water more like a ditch at this
22770 - 23010 railway. Additionally, as the Gala water runs along the toe of the railway embankment, adjacent to Gala Water N/A ( ES1 if stream 300 could be reduced to 200m perhaps by location.
further scouring of the river channel may lead to stability problems for the railway. moved ) meandering stream away from the track if land Environmental enhancements as
Therefore, measures are required to prevent further scouring of the river channel. available. required.
5 UB 49 - Shoestanes Culvert - Scour/Erosion The culvert is a single span structure and has a square and skew span of 2.8m and 3.8m New reinforced concrete deck superstructure and Carries Shoestane Burn, a Flooding of track No scour protection works required. No foundations exposed.
respectively with very low headroom. The culvert carried the former railway over the handrail. Waterproofing. Minor substructure repairs - tributary of the Gala Water, under Scour to wing walls and
Shoestanes Burn near its confluence with the Gala Water. The superstructure consists of repointing and de-vegetation. the railway. abutments
22890 4 longitudinal steel beams and old rail beam edge girders supporting a timber deck and 5 None Nil
wrought iron handrails. The substructure comprises brick abutments and stone wingwalls.
6 UB 49-2 Heriot / New road alignment Culvert - New Works The removal of the level-crossing at Heriot Station requires the realignment of the B709 A new culvert is require to divert the Gala Water under Transfers the Gala Water under Flooding of track Scour/erosion protection as part of new Gala Water more like a ditch at this
side road over the Gala Water and the railway track at this location to provide the best the B 709 realignment. Works to be caried out in line the B709 realignment and Scour to wing walls and works. location. Tie in new watercourse at
horizontal and vertical alignment for the roadworks and to fit in with other infrastructure with Guidance document on Migratory Fish. A reconnects with the existing abutments each end of the culvert with existing
23,100 - 23,170 N/A BS1
requirements. structure of the type EH 4B or 4C will probably be used. alignment. alignment.
7 Un-Named Culvert at Culvert - Scour/Erosion The culvert is a single span structure and has a square span of 1.2m with very low The culvert is to be replaced with a precast concrete Local drain to fields adjacent to Flooding of track Structure to be renewed - scour
Shoestanes/Sandyknowe headroom. The structure does not appear to carry any particular watercourse, instead the pipe. the Gala Water. Scour to wing walls and protection works not applicable.
culvert acts as a drain for adjacent fields. The superstructure consists of 4 longitudinal A structure of the type EH 4A will probably be used. abutments
23210
steel beams and old rail beam edge girders supporting a timber deck and wrought iron
Culvert to be renewed, off-line - N/A
handrails. The substructure comprises brick abutments and stone wingwalls.
8 OB 49-1 - OB 50 Embankment - Scour / Erosion The Gala water runs along the toe of the railway embankment between chainages 23,330 Erosion protections of the embankments and of the river Banks of Gala Water. Flooding of track. Sheet piling preferred to minimize in-stream Restricted ground Gala Water more like a ditch at this
South of Heriot Station and 23,490. The track levels along these chainages are in the order of 1m above the bank channel in the form of rip rap should be provided along Erosion and scour to bank work. Rip water flow unless location.
top. Erosion protection of the embankment itself is required to ensure stability of the the entire length. It should be continued up the of railway embankment EH3 or EH1 rap alternative protection to banks. Extent sheet piles perforated. Environmental enhancements as
23330-23480 railway. Additionally, as the Gala water runs along the toe of the railway embankment, embankment to the top of the design flood level. adjacent to Gala Water N/A ( ES1 if stream 450 could be reduced to 200m perhaps by required.
further scouring of the river channel may lead to stability problems for the railway. moved ) meandering stream away from the track if land
Therefore, measures are required to prevent further scouring of the river channel. available.
9 OB 50 - UB 51 Stagebank Embankment - Scour/Erosion The Gala water currently runs along the toe of the existing railway embankment. As design Erosion protection of the embankments in the form of rip Adjacent to Gala Water. Erosion to banks Sheet piling preferred to minimize in-stream Restricted ground Stabilise embankment. Erosion
flood levels for the scheme are at this stage unknown, erosion protection of the railway rap should be provided along the entire length. Scour work. Rip water flow unless protection.
embankment is likely to be required along the entire length within these chainages. protection of the channel sides can either be achieved EH3 or EH1 rap alternative protection to banks. sheet piles perforated. Gala Water more like a ditch at this
24330-24560 Additional measures are required to prevent erosion of the sides of the river channel, by rip rap or by installing gabions or retaining walls (i.e N/A ( ES1 if stream 690 Extent could be reduced by meandering location.
which would potentially undermine the railway embankment if not treated. should reducing the width of the river channel be moved ) stream away from the track if land available. Environmental enhancements as
minimised). Rip rap would still however be required as required.
embankment protection.
10 UB 52 - Little Gala UB 52 - Little Gala : Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over the Gala water and is a single span half through Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track Place rip-rap in areas of local deficit.
West Elevation structure comprising 3 wrought iron main girders with wrought iron cross girders and timber new timber decking, new bearings, new handrail. Scour to wing walls and
decking. The structure has square and skew spans of 6.85m and 8.48m respectively with Substructure repairs - repointing and de-vegetation. abutments
25043 very low headroom. A wrought iron handrail is attached to the top flange of both outer Crack repairs. 4 BS1 Nil
girders. The bridge has masonry abutments and pilasters, and brick wingwalls. The width
between the pilasters is 7.7m.
11 UB 52 - UB 53 Haltree Embankment - Scour/Erosion The Gala water runs along the western side of the existing railway embankment. An Rip rap protection is required to both provide stability for Bank of Gala Water. Erosion and scour to bank Heavy Rip rap required because of sharp
existing culvert passes under this embankment at Chainage 25615. The distance of the the existing embankment and also to prevent erosion of of railway embankment bend. Harder alternatives also possible.
Gala water from the railway embankment varies from being directly at the toe to of the the existing river channel. As the sides of the channel adjacent to Gala Water
25480 - 25640 embankment to being 16m away at Chainage 25634. appears to be very steep (1v:1h), then gabions may be N/A ES1, EH2 or EH3 480
adopted as a solution if reducing the width of the channel
is to be minimised. Rip rap would still be provided as
embankment protection.
Culvert - Scour/Erosion Existing 36" Cast Iron Culvert. Appears to be in good condition. Acts as a flood relief Small repairs to headwall brickwork. Adjacent to Gala Water. No direct impact on Gala Water. Flood
12 UB 52 - UB 53 Crookstone 25615 culvert. N/A N/A Nil Nil No works proposed Relief culvert draining surface water off
fields.
13 UB 53 - Crookstone Mill UB 53 - Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over the Gala Water and is a two span half through Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track No foundations exposed however previous
Crookstone Mill : structure, each span comprising 3 bowed wrought iron main girders with wrought iron cross new timber decking, new bearings. Substructure repairs - Scour to central pier, scour protection is damaged. Repair/renew
East Elevation girders and timber decking. The structure has two equal spans with square and skew repointing and de-vegetation. abutments and wing walls concrete aprons around north abutment and
lengths of 11.27m and 14.02m respectively. The northern span functions as a flood relief central pier including rip-rap.
span while the southern span crosses the Gala Water. The bridge has masonry 4 (A1 & P1)
26745 BH6, BS1 59.2
abutments, central pier, pilasters and wingwalls. The width between the pilasters is 7.75m. Moderate (A2)
There are no handrails on the bridge. Existing Scour Protection works (concrete aprons)
showing signs of distress.
14 UB 54 - Hollowshank UB 54 - Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over the Gala Water and is a three span half through Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track No foundations exposed however previous
Hollowshank : East structure, each span comprising 3 bowed wrought iron main girders with wrought iron cross new timber decking, new bearings. Substructure repairs - Scour to south pier, scour protection is damaged. Repair/renew
Elevation girders and timber decking. All three spans are similar with square spans ranging from remedial works to SE abutment/wingwall to address abutment and wing walls concrete aprons around south pier including rip-
10.5m to 11.4m and corresponding skew lengths from 14.02m to 15.24m respectively. subsidence/movement, crack repairs, repointing and de- rap
The two northern spans function as flood relief spans while the southern span crosses the vegetation. Low (A1, P1 & A2)
27100 BH6, BS1 70.3
Gala Water. The bridge has masonry abutments, piers, pilasters and wingwalls. The width 3 (P2)
between the pilasters is 7.92m. There are no handrails on the bridge. Existing Scour
Protection works (concrete aprons) showing signs of distress.
15 UB 55 - Hollowshank Culvert Culvert - Scour/Erosion The structure is a skew single 1.87m span bridge consisting of longitudinal steel troughs Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint. Culvert under track. Feeds local Flooding of track No foundations exposed. Concrete invert in
filled with concrete with concrete abutments and wingwalls. A concrete invert is present Minor substructure repairs - repointing and de- watercourse into Gala Water. Scour to wing walls and good condition. No scour protection works
through the structure. Available headroom according to the bridge register is 2.13m. A vegetation. abutments required.
27180 steel handrail is built on top of the steel edge girders. The square and skew distance 6 None Nil
between the handrails is 8.74m and 9.75m respectively. According to the bridge register
the structure was renewed in 1926.
16 UB 56 - Bower UB 56 - Bower : Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over the Gala Water and is a square, three span half Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track No foundations exposed however previous
East Elevation through structure, each span comprising 3 bowed wrought iron main girders with wrought new timber decking, new bearings. Substructure repairs - Scour to central piers, south scour protection is damaged. Repair/renew
iron cross girders and timber decking. All three spans are the same with a length of replace SW bearing stone, repointing and de-vegetation. abutment and wing walls concrete aprons around south pier including rip-
14.78m. The northern span functions as a flood relief span while the southern and the Low (A1, P1 & A2) rap. Minor scour at south apron of north pier
27650 middle spans cross the Gala Water. The bridge has masonry abutments, piers, pilasters BH6, BS1 60.8 to be infilled.
4 (P2)
and wingwalls. The width between the pilasters is 7.92m. There is no handrailing on the
bridge. Previous Scour Protection works showing signs of distress.
17 UB 58 - Fountainhall Culvert Culvert - Scour/Erosion The bridge is a 1.8m square single span structure with the superstructure comprising Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Feeds local watercourse into Gala Flooding of track No foundations exposed. Concrete invert
longitudinal steel troughs infilled with concrete supporting the main line and old rail beams new timber decking, new bearings. Substructure repairs - Water Scour to central piers, south generally in good condition. Concrete repair to
and timber deck supporting the adjacent siding. The substructure comprises brick repointing and de-vegetation. abutment and wing walls minor erosion pocket in concrete invert
abutments and wingwalls. The siding portion of the bridge has a steel handrail with timber (1000mm x 300 x 100mm). Minor undermining
28665 posts while the main line handrail comprises steel posts on top of the steel edge beam with 6 BH6, BS1 Nil of invert. Void at east end of invert to be
steel handrailing. The distance between the handrails is 12.7m. A concrete invert is repaired/infilled.
present throught the structure and is generally in good condition.
18 UB 58 - OB 59 Burnhouse Embankment - Scour/Erosion The existing railway embankment in this section is generally around 1.5 - 2.3m high. The Adjacent to Gala Water. ES1 rip rap protection suitable along entire
Gala water runs along the bottom of the embankment at a distance of between 0m and length but ES2 may be adopted to minimise
18m from the toe of the embankment slope. At Chainage 29, 314 the Gala water is reduction in channel width at the corners.
directly at the toe of the embankment and further erosion may cause instability of the EH1, EH3 : 40 m Retaining walls and gabions may also be
29300-29410 N/A 330
existing embankment. Treatment may be required to the embankment to provide stability ES1 : 70 m required where the sides of the channels are
outwith the Gala water in addition to those locations described above. near vertical, should a reduction in the width of
the channel not be desirable.
19 UB 60 - Plenploth North, Water UB 60 - Plenploth Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over the Gala Water and is a two span half through Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track No foundations exposed however previous
North, Water : West structure, each span comprising 3 wrought iron main girders with wrought iron cross girders new timber decking, new bearings. Substructure repairs - Scour to central pier, north scour protection is damaged. Renew concrete
Elevation and timber decking. The longer span is situated to the north with square and skew lengths repointing and de-vegetation. abutment and wing walls apron around north side of pier including rip-
of 11.43m and 18.2m respectively and spans the Gala Water. The southern span is rap. Concrete repairs to apron at north
shorter with square and skew lengths of 7.2m and 11.6m respectively and acts as a flood 5 (A1 & P1) abutment.
30340 BH6, BS1 52.6
relief span. The bridge has masonry abutments, central pier, pilasters and wingwalls. The Low (A2)
width between the pilasters is 7.62m. There is no handrailing on the bridge. Existing Scour
20 UB 61 - Torquhan South UB 61 - Torquhan : Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over the Gala Water and is a three span half through Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track No foundations exposed however previous
West Elevation structure, each span comprising 3 bowed wrought iron main girders with wrought iron cross new timber decking, new bearings. Substructure repairs - Scour to central piers, south scour protection is damaged. Concrete repairs
girders and timber decking. The structure has two shorter end spans with square and skew repointing and de-vegetation. abutment and wing walls to apron around north pier including rip-rap
lengths of 6.8m and 8.8m respectively. The centre span has square and skew lengths of Moderate (A1 &A2)
30820 11.2m and 14.9m respectively. The middle span crosses the Gala Water while the end BH6, BS1 47.5
3 (P1)
spans function as flood relief spans. The bridge has masonry abutments, central piers,
pilasters and wingwalls. The width between the pilasters is 7.62m. There is no handrailing
on the bridge.
Appropriate Assessment
ERM Annex C - App C - Structures and River Bank Protection Schedule 23-11-05.xls Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. 25/11/2005
GALA WATER

& 5) (Note 4)
Photograph (Note 1 & 2)
21 UB 62 - Pirn House Embankment - Scour/Erosion The Gala Water at Chainages 31200 to 31300 runs to the east of the existing railway Underpass adjacent to Gala Erosion protection may be required to the
embankment. The watercourse, at the time of survey, is in excess of 6m away from the Water. Feeds local watercourse slopes of the embankments but would not be
toe of the embankment. As the design flood level of the river is as yet unknown, erosion into Gala Water. deemed to affect the Gala Water as the
31200-31300 protection may be required to prevent scouring of the railway embankment. However, due N/A None Nil railway embankment is generally greater than
to its distance from the watercourse, any works to the embankment are unlikely to have an 6m away from the river.
impact on the Gala.
22 UB 62 - UB 63 Pirn House 1 Embankment - Scour/Erosion The gala water at Chainages 31575 - 31750 runs along the east of the existing railway Adjacent to Gala Water. From Chainage 31575 - 31670, erosion
embankment. From Chainages 31575 to 31670, the watercourse is in excess of 10m protection may be required to the slopes of
away from the toe of the railway embankment. Therefore, any works required to prevent the embankments but this would not be
erosion of the embankment at this location is unlikely to impact on the gala. At Chainages ES1 and ES2 locally deemed to affect the Gala Water. From
31575-31750 31670 to 31740, the gala runs along the toe of the railway embankment. Therefore, N/A between Ch. 31670 210 Chainage 31670 - 31740, erosion protection is
erosion protection of the channel and the railway embankment will be required to ensure and 31740 required. This can be in the form of rip rap
stability of the railway. protection or gabions in the channel and rip
rap protection of the railway embankment.
23 UB 64 - Watherston Culvert Culvert - Scour/Erosion The structure carried the former railway over Dean Burn and consists of 4 longitudinal steel New reinforced concrete deck superstructure and Carries local watercourse, Dean Flooding of track Concrete and masonry invert
beams acting as railbearers with edge beams comprising old rails supporting a timber deck handrail. Waterproofing. Minor substructure repairs - Burn, under the railway. Scour to wing walls and throughout. No bed scour or
and wrought iron handrailing. The culvert has a square and skew span of 1.83m and 2.1m repointing and de-vegetation. Re-build collapsed abutments undermining. No scour protection works
32080 respectively. The substructure comprises brick abutments and wingwalls. wingwalls. 6 None Nil required.
24 UB 64 - UB 65 Craigs Wood Embankment - Scour/Erosion The existing railway embankment in this section is around 5m high. The Gala water runs Adjacent to Gala Water. The provision of rip rap can be used to ensure
directly along the toe of the railway embankment, occasionally rising up the embankment the stability of the embankment and to ensure
itself. Further erosion of the channel side slopes may cause instability of the railway that there is no further erosion of the river
embankment and will therefore require to be stabilised. In addition to the erosion of the channel.
32275 - 32390 N/A ES1 75
side slopes of the river channel, erosion of the embankment may also occur causing
stability problems. Measures will be required at this location to prevent the erosion of the
railway embankment.
25 UB 65 - Watherston UB 65 - Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over the Gala Water and is a skew two span deck Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track No foundations exposed. Impact damage to The south abutment of the adjacent
Wetherstone : East type structure, each span comprising 4 wrought iron plate girders acting as railbearers and new timber decking, new bearings, new handrail. Scour to central piers, south masonry cutwater on central pier requires footbridge has been undermined
Elevation 2 wrought iron edge girders. Wrought iron ties between the girder webs brace the Substructure repairs - repointing and de-vegetation. abutment and wing walls repair. Bed scour around central pier (610mm (1500mm x 300mm x 650mm) and will
superstructure and timber decking spans transversely across the top flanges. The deep) to be infilled. require stabilisation.
structure has equal spans with a square and a skew length of 9.14m and 10.97m 5 (A1 &A2)
32765 respectively, both of which cross the watercourse. The substructure comprises masonry BH5, BS1 7.2
4 (P1)
abutments, central pier, and wingwalls. The wrought iron handrail is attached to the top of
the outer girders. The width between the handrails is 7.67m. Timber ballast-boards along
each edge girder retain the ballast remaining on the bridge.
26 UB 67 - Gala Bank UB 67 - Gala Bank : Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge is a skew four span structure, each span comprising 4 wrought iron plate Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track No foundations exposed. Impact damage to
West Elevation girders acting as railbearers and 2 wrought iron edge girders. Wrought iron ties between new timber decking, new bearings, new handrail. Scour to central pier, south masonry cutwater on central pier requires
the girder webs brace the superstructure and timber decking spans transversely across the Substructure repairs - crack repair to North abutment, abutment and wing walls repair. Bed scour around central pier (700mm
top flanges. The structure has four equal spans with square and skew lengths of 7.77m renew South abutment cill beams, repointing and de- deep) to be infilled.
and 9.75m respectively. The central spans cross the Gala Water while the two end spans vegetation. N/A (A1 &A2)
33250 act as flood relief. The bridge has masonry abutments, central piers, and wingwalls. BH5, BS1 7.2
5 (P1, P2 & P3)
Wrought iron handrailing is attached to the top of the outer girders. The width between the
handrails is 7.67m. Timber ballast boards along each of the outer girders retain the ballast
remaining on the bridge.
27 UB 67 - OB 68 Mill Bank 1, Stow Embankment - Scour/Erosion The existing railway embankment in this section varied from around 5 to 8m high. A Adjacent to Gala Water. Sheet piles or retaining wall solutions may be
section of the embankment is under very thick vegetation so difficultly was encountered required where the sides of the channel are
while trying to survey the embankment and river channel at this section. The gala water steep (i..e where it is desirable to minimise the
runs directly along the toe of the railway embankment, occassionally rising up the ES3 or EH1 where reduction in the width of the river channel).
embankment itself. The side slopes of the river channel appear to be very steep, often bank is close to the The provision of rip rap along much of the
being shown as near vertical at some locations along this section, which contribute to Gala. length can be used to ensure the stability of
33700-33930 instability of the embankment. Further erosion of the channel side slopes may also cause N/A ES1 where there is 690 the embankment and to ensure that there is no
instability of the railway embankment and will therefore require to be stabilised. In addition space to install further erosion of the river channel.
to the erosion of the side slopes of the river channel, erosion of the embankment may also without interference
occur causing stability problems. Measures will also be required at this location to prevent to river.
the erosion of the railway embankment.
28 UB 67 - OB 68 Mill Bank 2, Stow Embankment - Scour/Erosion The Gala water runs generally along the bottom of the railway embankment. A retaining Adjacent to Gala Water. Sheet piling or repair to the existing retaining
wall currently separates much of the railway embankment from the Gala Water. Around wall is likely to be required. Elswhere,
Chainages 34,200-34,260 and Chainage 34,280-34,310, rip rap protection is likely to be ES3 or EH1 over rip rap protection may be used to ensure both
required both within the channel of the Gala water to prevent erosion of the sides of the middle third of reach. the stability of the railway embankment and to
channels causing slope stability problems for the railway. In addition to the erosion of the ES1 each end of ensure that no further erosion to the river
34200-34350 side slopes of the river channel, erosion of the embankment may also occur causing N/A reach where there is 450 channel occurs.
stability problems. Measures will be required at this location to prevent the erosion of the space to install
railway embankment. Thick vegetation was encountered on the side slopes of the railway without interference
embankment. to river.
29 OB 68 - UB 69 Lady's Park, Stow Embankment - Scour/Erosion The Gala water currrently runs along the west side of the existing railway embankment. Adjacent to Gala Water. Protection is unlikely to be required along the
The railway embankment along this section is over 9m high at some locations. The gala entire section due to the Gala's proximity to
water ranges from being more than 10m away from the railway embankment to being the railway embankments. At the
directly at the toe. Where the Gala is some distance from the railway, it is anticipated that ES3 or EH1 over sections where the river bank sides are
any works to provide erosion protection of the railway embankment will not affect the Gala middle third of reach. steepest, either sheet piles or retaining walls
itself. From Ch. 35640 to 35900 and from Ch. 35950 to 36050, erosion protection should ES1 each end of may be used. Rip-rap
35650-36050 be provided to the sides of the channels to prevent further scouring which could lead to N/A reach where there is 1080 protection may be provided from Ch. 35640 -
instablilty of the railway. At these locations, rip rap protection shall also be provided to space to install 35900 and from Ch. 35950 to 36050.
prevent erosion to the railway embankment. If it is desirable not to reduce the width of the without interference
channel, where the river bank sides are currently steep, the rip rap protection for the river to river.
channel could be substituted for either gabions or retaining structures.
30 UB 70 - Lugate Bridge Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over Luggate Water and is a two span half through Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Luggate Water, a No foundations exposed however previous
structure, each span comprising 3 wrought iron main girders, cross girders and timber new timber decking, new bearings. Substructure repairs - tributary of the Gala Water. scour protection is damaged. Renew concrete
decking. Timber way beams and distribution girders carried the rails. The structure has repointing and de-vegetation. apron around abutments and pier.
two equal spans with a square and a skew length of 10.36m and 10.97m respectively. The
northern span crosses the Luggate Water while the southern span has a flood relief 4 (A1 & P1)
36510 function and allows the passage of farm animals. The bridge has brick abutments and BH6 113.2
High (A2)
wingwalls with a masonry central pier. The width between the pilasters is 7.92m. Wrought
iron handrailing is attached onto the top flange of the outer girders. Existing Scour
31 UB 72 - Ferniehirst Water UB 72- Ferniehurst Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over the Gala Water and is a skew three span half Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track No foundations exposed. Existing scour
Water : West through structure. Each span comprises 3 bowed wrought iron main girders with wrought new timber decking, new bearings, new handrail. Scour to central piers and protection in reasonable condition. Masonry
Elevation iron cross girders, railbearers and timber decking on the up line side. Secondary RSJ Substructure repairs - crack repair and monitoring at south abutment. repairs required - 3 No. loose blocks at west
railbearers are present on down line side of the structure, which supported timber way west corner of South abutment, repointing and de- end of south abutment.
beams that are no longer present. All three spans are the same with a square length of vegetation. Low (A1)
37820 12.5m and corresponding skew length of 12.8m. The Gala Water flows under the centre 4 (P1 & P2) BH5 Nil
span and partially under the southern span while the northern span has the function of a Moderate (A2)
flood relief span and provides access for cattle. The bridge has masonry abutments,
piers, and wingwalls. Wrought iron handrailing attached to the top flanges of the outer
girders. The width between the handrails is 7.78m.
32 UB 73B - Flood Relief Culvert Culvert - Scour/Erosion The structure carried the former railway over a small cattle creep which also acts as a New reinforced concrete deck superstructure and Cattle Creep and flood relief Flooding of track No foundations exposed. Concrete
flood relief culvert for the Gala Water. The structure has a square span of approximately handrail. Waterproofing. Minor substructure repairs - culvert adjacent to Gala Water. Scour to wing walls and invert generally in good condition.
1.7m, with a headroom of approximately 1.9 metres. The superstructure has previously repointing and de-vegetation. abutments
38540 been replaced and consist of a reinforced concrete portal built off masonry abutments. 6 None Nil
Wingwalls are constructed from brick. The structure has a steel handrail at either side, built
on top of brick walls.
33 UB 74 - Bowshank North UB 74 - Bowshank Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over the Gala Water adjacent to the entrance to Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track No foundations exposed. No particular
North : West Bowshank Tunnel to the south and is a single span heavily skewed structure comprising new timber decking, new bearings. Substructure repairs - Scour to abutments. bed scour.
Elevation two 3.6m high wrought iron lattice girders, centre distribution girder, cross girders, reconstruct ballast walls, repointing and de-vegetation.
6 (A1)
38600 railbearers and timber deck. A number of the end cross girders are supported on the Provision of flood control measures. None Nil
Low (A2)
abutments. The square and skew spans have lengths of 19.8m and 36.6m respectively.
The clearance between the main girders is 8.26m. The substructure comprises masonry
abutments and wingwalls.
34 UB 77 - Bowshank South UB 77 - Bowshank Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over the Gala Water and is a skew two span deck Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track No foundations exposed. Sheet piles
South : East type structure, each span comprising 6 wrought iron plate girders, 4 of which act as new timber decking, new bearings. Substructure repairs - Scour to central piers and around pier in good condition. Only
Elevation railbearers, with vertical cross bracing and timber decking spanning across the top flanges. repair stone displacement on south abutment, repointing abutments. local repairs required on north and
The structure has two equal spans with square and skew lengths of 9.14m and 10.21m and de-vegetation. south abutments.
respectively, both of which cross the watercourse. A wrought iron handrail is attached to 4 (A1 & P1)
38980 None Nil
the top of the outer girders. The width between the handrails is 7.9m. Timber ballast- Moderate (A2)
boards along each outer girder retain the ballast remaining on the bridge. The bridge has
masonry abutments, central pier, and wingwalls.
GALA WATER

Photograph & 5) (Note 4)
(Note 1 & 2)
35 UB 78 - Harper's Culvert Culvert - Scour/Erosion The original structure comprised a single span skew masonry arch culvert supported on Minor Repairs : Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track Corrugated steel culvert in good
masonry abutments with brick wingwalls and spandrels. It had square and skew spans of Removal of vegetation and repointing. Scour to central piers and condition throughout.
3.0m and 3.8m respectively with headroom of 2.1m. A steel handrail was provided on top abutments.
of the brick spandrel wall at the west side.Subsequently a 1.4m diameter corrugated steel
pipe was laid through part of the culvert, the void at the extremity of the culvert between the
39420 new pipe and the intrados of the arch on the west side was infilled with brickwork in line with 6 None Nil
the existing spandrel and the remaining internal void infilled. On the east side an
embankment is constructed over the remaining masonry arch portion of the culvert from
the railway to the inlet which is located approximately 10m away. The flow through the pipe
was negligible at the time of the inspection.
36 UB78 - Bowshank South Embankment - Scour/Erosion The Gala Water runs along the west side of the railway, generally directly along the toe of Adjacent to Gala Water. The provision of rip rap from around Chainage Adjacent to Harper's Culvert
the existing embankment. An existing retaining wall is evident along part of this section. 39,225 to 39,325 is required be used to ensure
From visual inspection, the water level reaches the retaining wall at some stage. Measures the stability of the embankment and to ensure
are required to both prevent further erosion of the river channels and to prevent erosion of that there is no further erosion of the river
39225-39325 the railway embankment, which if not undertaken may lead to stability problems. N/A ES1 300 channel. At the locations where the river
channel side slope are steep, it may be more
desirable to install either gabions or retaining
walls (i.e. would mean less reduction in the
width of the river channel).
37 UB 80 - OB 81 Embankment - Scour/Erosion The gala water generally runs along the toe of the existing railway embankment along the Adjacent to Gala Water. Railway embankment. The provision of rip rap from around Chainage
Bowland entire length of this embankment. The river initially moves towards the embankment at 40,000 to 40,600 is required be used (both in
Chainage 40,000 and runs along the toe until it moves off at Chainage 40,600. The height the channel and on the earthworks side slopes)
of the railway embankment varied from around 3.5m - 6.5m. The gala generally runs along to ensure the stability of the embankment and
the toe of the embankment, but varies from 0m to 5.5m. At some locations, the gala water to ensure that there is no further erosion of the
40000-40600 N/A ES1 1800
is already encroaching the side slopes of the railway embankment. Measures are required river channel.
to both prevent further erosion of the river channels and to prevent erosion of the railway
embankment, which if not undertaken may lead to stability problems.
39 OB 81 - UB 82 Embankment - Scour/Erosion The Gala Water runs along the eastern side of the existing railway embankment. The Adjacent to Gala Water. The provision of rip rap protection from RH bank would need Limited impact on Gala if sheet piles or
Whitelee House distance of the gala water from the railway embankment varies from being directly at the around Chainage 41270 to 41400 is required modifying if ES 1 rock placement could be carried out
toe to over 8m away. The height of the railway embankment varies from being around 2 to EH3 or EH1 to be used (both in the channel and on the used. away from the water's edge.
41270-41425 3.5m along this section. At Chainage 41400, the Gala moves away from the toe of the N/A ( ES1 if river banks 465 earthworks side slopes) to ensure that the
railway embankment (>8m) so any works that are required to protect the embankment from reshaped ) stability of the embankment and to ensure that
erosion would not affect the Gala at this location. there is no further erosion of the river channel.
38 UB 82 - Whitelee Culvert Culvert - Scour/Erosion The structure carried the former railway over the Halk Burn and consists of 4 longitudinal New reinforced concrete deck superstructure and Culvert under track. Feeds Halk Flooding of track Provide new rip rap scour protection to This structure is on a tributary of the
wrought iron railbearers with edge beams comprising old rails supporting a timber deck. It handrail. Waterproofing. Major substructure repairs to Burn into Gala Water. Scour to wing walls and northeast wingwall and east corner of north Gala Water. There is also the
is a single square 2.6m span culvert with a headroom of 2.2m measured from the NE wingwall and NW abutment corner - rebuild. Minor abutments abutment. possibility for complete replacement
underside of the deck to the top of the water level at the time of the inspection. The substructure repairs elsewhere - repointing and de- Determined at conceptual using a PCC box.
41420 substructure comprises stone abutments and wingwalls. A wrought iron handrail is vegetation. Masonry step exposed along both 1 BH5, BS1
design stage
attached to the bridge deck on both sides. Distance between the handrails is measured to abutments. Void in North east wingwall requires
8.7m. The NE wingwall is requires rebuilding due to extensive damage from the substantial repair/rebuild.
watercourse.
40 UB 84 - Whin Water UB 84 - Whin Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over the Gala Water and is a single span skewed Superstructure steelwork repairs, blast clean and paint, Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track No foundations exposed. Concrete apron
Water : East deck type structure comprising three 2.1m high wrought iron lattice main girders and new timber decking, new bearings, new handrail. Scour to abutments. along south abutment requires local repairs.
Elevation bracings. Wrought iron cross girders sit on the main girder top flanges, which are decked Substructure repairs - substantial crack repairs to west
out with longitudinal timbers. The square and skew span have lengths of 21.3m and 24.5m corner of north abutment (previous movement evident),
41900 respectively. A wrought iron handrail is attached to the timber deck either side of the repointing and de-vegetation. 4 BH6 None
bridge between the masonry pilasters. The clearance between the pilasters is 8.5m. The
substructure comprises masonry abutments and wingwalls. Existing Scour Protection
works (concrete aprons) showing signs of distress.
41 UB 84 - UB 85 Buckholm, North Embankment - Scour/Erosion The Gala Water at Torwoodlee runs along the west side of the existing railway Adjacent to Gala Water. Rip rap protection is required to both provide
embankment. The Gala water varies from being around 3m to more than 10m away from stability for the existing embankment and also
the toe of the railway embankment at this section. The railway embankment is generally ES1 generally. to prevent erosion of the existing banks but
around 4 - 5m high. Erosion protection will be required both to the side slopes of the river EH3 or EH1 could probably be installed away from the bank
42100-42350 channel and on the railway embankment from Chainage 42,100 - 42,220 (approx). N/A elsewhere where 750 edge. As the sides of the channel appears to
slope encroaches be very steep (in some cases steeper than
river. 1v:1h), then sheet piling, retaining walls or
gabions may be adopted.
42 UB 87 - Torwoodlee Water UB 87 - Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion New superstructure, substructure repairs. The superstructure of the bridge carried the New steel superstructure with concrete deck. Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track Evidence of collapsed apron at south
Torwoodlee Water : former railway over the Gala Water and was removed at some point following the closure Substructure repairs - New concrete pier, strengthening Scour to central pier and abutment though sheet piled section intact.
Superstructure of the railway. Originally, the bridge was a skew two span structure with skew spans of works to piers, abutments and wingwalls, repointing and abutments. N/A (A1) Consider continuing sheet piled apron
Removed ; View on 18.5m and 20.3m. The masonry abutments, wingwalls and part of the central pier still de-vegetation. Provide sheet piled continuous apron 2 (C1, C2 & C3 (possibly a throughout length of abutment.
43180 BH2, BH6, BS1 94.7
South Abutment remain. The central pier originally consisted of three individual masonry columns of which around group of columns including rip-rap. No works C4))
only two remain. required for north abutment. 3 (A2)
43 UB 87B - Torwoodlee Flood Relief Culvert - Scour/Erosion The bridge is a skew single span arch culvert, which serves as a flood relief arch for Arch superstructure repairs - Repointing, de-vegation, Flood relief culvert for Gala Water Flooding of track Concrete invert in good condition throughout.
Culvert adjacent Underbridge 87, which originally bridged the Gala Water. The clear square and arch spandrel wall repairs, parapet wall repairs and behind UB 87. Scour to wing walls and Minor repairs only.
skew spans are 2.1m and 2.5m respectively, with the clear headroom being 2.7m. The waterproofing of arch. Substructure repairs - abutments
43190 structure comprises a masonry arch with masonry abutments and spandrel walls. The repointing and de-vegetation. 6 None Nil
length of the culvert is approximately 24m.
44 UB 90 - Buckholm Mill Lade The bridge is a single span skewed masonry arch with brick wingwalls and parapets. The Infill structure Mill lade now dry. Infill arch.
Removed from Appropriate Assessment - Structure not on gala square and skew spans are 3.5m and 5.6m respectively. The maximum headroom is 1.2m
Water and to be infilled measured from the dry bottom of the culvert to the soffit of the arch at the crown. There is N/A None Nil
a wrought iron handrail on either side of the bridge.
45 UB 92 - Ryehaugh Water UB 92 - Ryehaugh Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion New superstructure, substructure repairs. The bridge carried the former railway over the New steel superstructure with concrete deck. Crosses Gala Water. Flooding of track No foundations exposed.
Water : Gala Water and the superstructure was removed at some point following the closure of the Substructure repairs - Strengthening works to pier, Scour to central pier and
Superstructure railway line. The masonry abutments, wingwalls and central pier still remain. Originally, the abutments and wingwalls, repointing and de-vegetation. abutments. Unknown (A1)
43190 Removed ; View on bridge was a square two 14.0m span structure over the Gala Water. The superstructure 4 (P1) None Nil
South Abutment originally consisted of 6 longitudinal wrought iron plate girders and timber decking. The 5 (A2)
and Pier central pier is not positioned in the middle of the river.
46 UB 95 - Kilnknowe UB 95 Kilnknowe : Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion New superstructure, substructure repairs. The original bridge carrying the former railway New steel superstructure with concrete deck. Crosses Gala Water. Scour to central piers and No foundations exposed. Concrete invert in
West Elevation over the Gala Water was a three span 6-girder deck type superstructure, which has been Substructure repairs - Heighten existing piers and abutments. good condition.
extensively modified since the closure of the railway to carry a footpath/cycleway. The abutments, strengthening works to piers, abutments and Masonry repairs RH abutment on US side just
modification entailed the removal of three of the longitudinal girders on each span and the wingwalls, repointing and de-vegetation. downstream of weir. Bed scour (800mm).
modification and repositioning of the remainder on the centre line of the abutments and Possible Rip Rap placement upon closer
piers, resulting in the present three span structure. Each span now comprises 3 modified inspection.
wrought iron plate girders with vertical cross bracings. To complete the modification a new
44420 timber deck and bituminous footpath/cycle path were installed and steel handrails built on 6 None Nil
top of the timber decking which spans across the plate girders top flanges. The structure
has span lengths ranging from 11.8m to 12.6m with a skew angle of 55 degrees. The
bridge has masonry abutments, central piers, and wingwalls, which were reduced in height
by approximately 1.3m as part of the alterations. The width between the handrails is 3.9m.
47 UB 95 - UB 99 Salmon Ladder Not part of the Railway works. Repairs

Removed from Appropriate Assessment - Existing Retaining Structure within Gala Water.
maybe required by others.
48 UB 99 - Ladhope Burn
Structure Removed from Appropriate Assessment, as agreed by all parties at meeting of 31/08/05.
49 UB 104 - Red Bridge Bridge Abutment/Pier - Scour/Erosion The bridge carried the former railway over the River Tweed and is a five span masonry Arch superstructure repairs - Repointing, de-vegation, Crosses River Tweed. Scour to central piers and Two stepped foundations exposed around
arch structure supported on masonry abutments and piers with masonry wingwalls. It is a arch spandrel wall repairs, parapet wall repairs and abutments. south pier (400mm x 500mm). Void requires
square structure with three 18.9m spans crossing the River Tweed and two approach waterproofing of arch. Substructure repairs - grouting. New sheet piled apron to be
spans of 9.8m either side of the river. The clearance between masonry parapets is 8.2m. repointing and de-vegetation. N/A (A1, P1 & A2) provided including rip-rap. Rip-rap to be
48320 BH2, BH5, BS1 54.3
The bridge is currently used as a combined cycle/footpath. 4 (P2, P3 & P4) provided at upstream cut-water of P1.
25/10/2005
Notes:
1. Structure elements are coded as follows and are numbered in ascending order from north to south:
A - Abutment
P - Pier
C - Column
Elements are only distinguished if risk levels differ
2. Numerical ratings reflect structural elements within the river channel. Qualitative ratings reflect structural elements outwith the river channel (e.g.Moderate). Ratings take no account of flood history and follow Report EX2502 guidance for flood plain and depth ratios in the absence of flood data.
3. Refer to SWSL incoming document B103104/002 : OSIRIS Marine Services Inspection Reports for defects description.
4. Excavated volumes assume level river beds/constant gradient embankments and take no account of local variations in topography. Minor reprofiling required to install protection at some sites has been noted as 'Nil'. Volumes reflect rip-rap element of excavation only.
5. Refer to Drawing Numbers B103104/GO/DRG/001/P01 and B103104/ST/DRG/001/P01 for solution Details. Refer to Works Predictor on separate worksheet for solution selection rationale (structures only).
Key:
- Structure site
- Embankment site
Appendix D
Drawings

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Annex C

Scott Wilson Engineering

GALA WATER APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT

Scour & Riverbank Protection Works

Generic Solutions and Temporary Works

………..……………………………... Date : 23/11/05

……………………………………….. Date : 23/11/05

1.0 GENERIC SOLUTIONS 3

2.0 CONSTRUCTION TEMPORARY WORKS METHODS 4

3.0 SCOUR / EROSION ASSESSMENT 5

Table 1A : Generic Solutions – Structures (Hard) 7

Table 1B : Generic Solutions – Structures (Soft) 10

Table 2A : Generic Solutions – Riverbank and Railway Embankments (Hard) 11

Table 2B : Generic Solutions – Riverbank and Railway Embankments (Soft) 12

Appendix A – Scour Protection Design Process (Bridges)

Appendix B – Scour/Erosion Protection Design Process (Earthworks)

Appendix C – Structures and River Bank Protection Schedule

1.0 Generic Solutions

• Temporary diversion(s) of the watercourse.

Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P03 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. Page 3

2.0 Construction Temporary Works Methods

• Limiting the duration of activities within the Gala to minimise impact.

Ref Description of Temporary Works Comments

Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P03 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. Page 4

3.0 Scour / Erosion Assessment

Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P03 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. Page 5

Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P03 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. Page 6

Table 1A : Generic Solutions – Structures (Hard)

‘Hard’ Solutions Drawing Ref : B103104/ST/DRG/001/P02

Ref. Description Construction Methodology Construction Duration

(e) Drill cores through the abutment/pier 2 - 4 Weeks

‘Hard’ Solutions Drawing Ref : B103104/ST/DRG/001/P02

Ref. Description Construction Methodology Construction Duration

Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P02 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. Page 8

‘Hard’ Solutions Drawing Ref : B103104/ST/DRG/001/P02

Ref. Description Construction Methodology Construction Duration

(d) Break out/cut back existing concrete scour protection 2 – 3 Weeks

Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P02 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. Page 9

Table 1B : Generic Solutions – Structures (Soft)

‘Soft’ Solutions Drawing Ref : B103104/ST/DRG/001/P01

Ref. Description Construction Methodology Construction Duration

Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P02 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. Page 10

Table 2A : Generic Solutions – Riverbank and Railway Embankments (Hard)

‘Hard’ Solutions Drawing Ref : B103104/GO/DRG/001/P03

Ref. Description Construction Methodology Construction Duration

Table 2B : Generic Solutions – Riverbank and Railway Embankments (Soft)

‘Soft’ Solutions Drawing Ref : B103104/GO/DRG/001/P03

Ref. Description Construction Methodology Construction Duration

Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P02 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. Page 12

‘Soft’ Solutions Drawing Ref : B103104/GO/DRG/001/P03

Ref. Description Construction Methodology Construction Duration

Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P02 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. Page 13

‘Soft’ Solutions Drawing Ref : B103104/GO/DRG/001/P03

Ref. Description Construction Methodology Construction Duration

Ref : B103104-ST-R-001-P02 Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd. Page 14

Scour Protection Design

Initial Visual Inspection

Inspection Osiris Inspection Topographic Survey

Structural Assessment Scour Risk Assessment

Movement or Instability No Movement or Instability

Determine Scour Risk Category

Watercourse management strategy

Structural Repairs Choose generic Scour Protection Solution

Rebuild/Renew Grout/Sheet Pile Underpin

Scour & Riverfront Protection-Scott Wilson

Scour & Riverfront Protection-Scott Wilson