World War I World War II
Countries 135 countries
Allies: Russia, France, British
Empire, Italy, United States,
Japan, Rumania, Serbia,
Belgium, Greece, Portugal,
Montenegro.
Central Powers: Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Turkey,
Bulgaria
Animal Help Horses: pull gigantic guns,
ambulances, supplies,
methane to power lamps
Dogs: carry messages in
collars, caught rats in the
trenches
Pigeons: carry messages far
away (Hawks were trained to
kill them)
Causes Immediate Cause:
Assassination of the
Archduke Franz Ferninand of
Austria (heir to the throne) by
a Serbian terrorist group -
The Black Hand
Long Term Causes:
- Military conflict
- Power conflict
- Countries wanted to regain
lost territory from other wars
Fought between two groups
of countries.
Axis Powers:​ Germany,
Italy, Japan
Allies:​ Britain, France,
Australia, Canada, New
Zealand, India, The Soviet
Union, china, USA
Horses, elephants, camels:
hauled men, water,
ammunition, supplies
Dogs & pigeons: carried
messages
Canaries: detected poisonous
gas
Cats & dogs: hunted rats in
the trenches
-Treaty of Versailles:
Germany was forced to pay
the war damages of WWI.
The treaty left the economy in
ruins.
-Japan Expansion: wanted to
grow their empire to gain
resources to feed their
growing population. They
invaded China & Manchuria
-Facism: Dictators formed
powerful governments who
wanted to expand and
conquer land.
Adolf Hitler took over
Germany (Nazi party). Hitler
told Germans he would
restore their economy. Hitler
took over Austria and
Czechoslovakia (many more
places). ​Hitler refused to
stop the invasion of
Poland= Britain & France
declared war

Length July 28, 1914 - November 11
1918
4 years, 3 months, 14 days
Location Trenches: Belgian coast to
Switzerland
Britain, Europe
Effects - All healthy men aged 18-41
had to fight
- Women had to fill the spots
in the workplace - this led to
women’s rights and freedoms
- Winnie the bear cub was a
popular attraction at the
Toronto Zoo - mascot of the
Canadian Army
Deaths - Military and Civilian Deaths:
18 million deaths, 23 million
wounded (deadliest conflicts
in history)
- One of the bloodiest battles
in history: Battle of the
Somme (1 million men killed
or wounded)
Machinery Tanks, Zeppelins (Gigantic
German airships), biplanes,
ships, machine gun,
grenades, poison gas
Immigrants to Canada European country borders
were redrawn after the war,
so people decided to leave
Europe and come to Canada
Appeasement: Nations of
Europe wanted to keep
peace (keep Hitler happy) to
avoid war. This made Hitler
more powerful. He built his
army bigger and bigger.
Great Depression: Economic
suffering, unstable
governments, everyone
desperate for hope.
September 1, 1939 - August
14, 1945
5 years, 11 months, 19 days
Across the globe: Combat
took place in Europe, East
Asia, Pacific Ocean Islands
-Countries lost territory after
Germany was defeated
-Cold War developed over
the next 5 years
-USA and Soviet Union rises
-Canada’s nation bettered:
bigger population, more
power, better government
Canadian Deaths: 44,000,
54,000 wounded.
Total: 50 million-80 million
(this includes famine,
war-related diseases)
-Goliath tracked mine (beetle
tank) used by Germany
-Rifles, machine guns,
grenades, tanks
-Aircrafts
250,000 Jewish people fled
from European countries, but
Canada only allowed 8,000 to
immigrate here. After the war,
 (Russia & Britain immigrants). 800,000 other Europeans
immigrated to Canada
(Briain, Greece, Netherlands,
Italy, Poland). They came to
find work in large cities.

Significant Events - June 28, 1919: The Treaty
of Versailles ended WWI:
treaty required Germany to
accept full responsibility for
causing the war; established
the League of Nations to
prevent future wars
- August 4, 1914: UK
declares war on Germany
because Germany invaded
Belgium
- December 24, 1914:
Germany and Britain had a
truce and played soccer,
sang songs, and ate their
meal together
-Japan invaded China on July
7th, 1937 which initiated
World War II in the Pacific
-September 1, 1939 Germany
invaded Poland initiating
World War II in Europe
-December 7, 1941 Japan
bombed Pearl Harbor
December 8 1941 USA joins
war on Japan
-April 30, 1945 Hilter dies
-May 7, 1945 Germany
surrenders to Allies
-Allies won when Germany
and Japan surrendered on
August 14, 1945

Additional Facts - Was called The Great War
(before WWII came along)
- 12 million letters were
delivered to the front line
every week.
- plastic surgery was invented
because of WWI - facial
reconstruction for wounded
soldiers
- youngest British soldier was
12 years old
- girl guides: made basic
medical equipment, grew
vegetables and delivered milk
- boy scouts: collected eggs,
protected roads and railway
lines, delivered messages
-1.1 million Canadian served
in the Canadian Army, Royal
Canadian Navy, Royal
Canadian Arm Force
-Most devastating war to date
-Hilter wanted the “best” and
“strongest” race. They
excluded groups such as
Jewish people, gypsies, and
people with exceptionalities
-6 million Jewish people were
kille during World War 2 in
one of the most terrible
events: The Holocaust
-Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
stayed “neutral”
-Deadliest military conflict in
history