2nd Dispatch DLPD - IIT JEE - Class XII - English - PC (Physics) PDF

Physics Sheet Solutions 2 st Dispatch
CLASS : XII
Contents
Preface Page No.
1. Gravitation
Exercise 001 - 014
ALP 015 - 021
2. Current Electricity
Exercise 022 - 038
ALP 039 - 048
3. Capacitance
Exercise 049 - 065
ALP 066 - 076
4. EMF
Exercise 077 - 100
ALP 101 - 119
5. EMI
Exercise 120 - 137
ALP 138 - 145
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TOPIC :- GRAVITATION
EXERCISE:-1
PART - I
SECTION (A) :
A 2. mass of each sphere
m = Volume × 
4 3
= r 
3
m.m
F = G
(2r )2
2
4 
G  r 3  
3 
= 2
4r
4
= G22r4 N. Ans.
9
8 4
A 3. tan = =
6 3
 = 53°
GmM
F =
r2
0.260  0.01
= G
(0.1) 2
2F cos 
a =
m
0.260  3 
= 2G  
(0.1)2  5 
= 31.2 G m/s2
SECTION (B) :
v 
B 1. Ex = – = – (20x + 40y) = – 20
x x
v 
Ey = – = – y (20x + 40y) = – 40
x

E = Ex î + Ey ĵ = – 20 î – 40 ĵ Ans.
It is independent of co ordinates
 
Force = F = m E = 0.25 {– 20 î – 40 ĵ } = – 5 î – 10 ĵ

magnitude of F = 5 2  10 5 = 5 5 N
RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 1

SECTION (C) :
C 1. Potential energy at ground surface
– GMm
potential energy =
R
potential energy at a height of R is
– GMm
potential energy =
2R
When a body comes to ground
Loss in potential energy = Gain in kinetic energy
– GMm  – GMm  1
 –   = mv2
2R  R  2
GMm 1
 = mv2
2R 2
 GM 
 gR = v2  2  g 
 R 
 v = gR
SECTION (D) :
r3 (1.01r )3
D 2. T1 = 2 , T2 = 2
GMe GMe
3/2
T2  1.01r 
T1 =  r 
 
T2 3
3/2
T1 = [1 + 0.01] = 1 + 2 × 0.01
T2
T1 – 1 = 0.005 × 3
(T2  T1 )
T1 × 100 = 0.015 × 100 = 1.5%.
GMm GM 2
D 3. (a) F = 2 =
(2R ) 4R 2
Mv 2 GM2
(b) =
R 4R 2
GM
v =
4R
2R 2R R3
T = = = 4
v GM GM
4R

(c) Angular speed
2 2 GM
 = = =
T  R3  4R 3
4 
 GM 
 
(d) Energy required to separate = – { total energy }

= – { Kinetic energy + Potential energy }
1 2 1 2 GM2 
= –  2 Mv  2 Mv – 2R 
 
 2 GM2 
= – Mv – 2R 
 
 GM GM2 
= – M 4R – 2R 
 
 GM2 
= – – 4R 
 
GM 2
= Ans.
4R
(e) Let its velocity = ‘v’

1
Kinetic energy= mv2
2
GM GM 2GM
Potential at centre of mass = – – = –
R R R
2GMm
Potential energy at centre of mass = –
R
For particle to reach infinity
Kinetic energy + Potential energy = 0
1 2GMm
mv2 × = 0
2 R
4GM
v = Ans.
R
SECTION (E) :

E 2. Period of pendulum= 2
g
Let T1 be the time period at pole and T2 is time period at equator.
T1 g2
T2 = g1

 R 2 
g 1 – e  1
T1  g   R 2  2
  1 – e 
1 g  g 

Re2 Re2
T1 = 1 – 2g
. Since g
<< 1
2 2
1 Re 1 ( 2 ) 6400  10 3
So , T1 = 1 – = 1– ×
2 g 2 (86400)2 9.8
= 0.998 second Ans.
PART - II
SECTION (A) :
A-1. Net force is towards centre
2F1
Fnet = F2 +
2
= F2 + 2 F1
Gm 2 Gm 2 
F2   
(2r )2 4r 2  Gm2 2Gm2 mv 2
  Fnet = + =
Gm 2 Gm 2  4r 2 2r 2 r
F1   
( 2r ) 2 2r 2 
Gm
 v = (1  2 2 ) Ans.
4r
A-3. In horizontal direction
G 3 mm G m2
Net force = 2 cos30° – cos60°
12 d 4d2
G m2 G m2
= – =0
8d 2 8d 2
in vertical direction
G 3 m2 G 3 m2 G m2
Net force = cos 60° + + cos30°
12 d2 3 d2 4 d2
3 G m2 3G m 2 3G m 2
= + +
24 d2 3 d2 8 d2
3G m 2  1  8  3  3G m 2
=  24  = along SQ
d2   2d2

SECTION (B) :
B 2. dEnet = 2dE sin

Gdm
= 2 sin
r2
rd
= 2G . sin
r2
2G
= sind
r
Enet =  dEnet
/2
2G
=  sin  d
0
r
2G
=
r
m 
 = and r =
 
2Gm
Enet =
2
Along + y axis Ans.
B 4. For point ‘A’ :

For any point outside, the shells acts as point situated at centre.
G (M1  M2 )
So, FA = m
p2
For point ‘B’ :

There will be no force by shell B.
GM1m
So, FB =
q2
,, For point ‘C’ :
There will be no gravitational field.
So, FC = 0
SECTION (C) : m
C 2. (a) Due to geometry net force is zero.
F
120° 120°
F 120° F
m m
2
a F2
(b) By geometry x2 + = a2 and F1 = F2
4
F1
2 x
3a F
x2 =
4
a

3a
x =
2
Gm2 4 Gm2
Fnet = F = =
x2 3 a2
 Gm 2 Gm 2 Gm 2 
(c) Initial potential energy = –    
 a a a 
3 Gm 2
= –
2 a
Work done on system = Final potential energy – intial potential energy
3 Gm 2 2
 3Gm 
= – – – 
2 a  a 
3 Gm 2
= Ans.
2 a
(d) Initial kinetic energy = 0
Gm 2 Gm 2
Initial potential energy = – –
a a
2Gm 2
= –
a
2Gm 2
Total initial energy = –
a
1
Now, kinetic energy = mv2
2
2Gm 2 Gm 2 4Gm 2
Potential energy = – – = –
a/2 a/2 a
1 4Gm 2
Total energy = mv2 –
2 a
2Gm 2 1
= mv2
a 2
4Gm
= v
a
Gm
v = 2 Ans.
a

SECTION : (D) m
V
GMm mv 2 r
D-1. 2 =
r r
M
GM
v =
r2
3 3
2r 2r 2 2r 2

T = = =
v GM 4 3
G  r
3
1
T   Ans.
D-4. Kinetic energy decreases with increase in radius while the potential and total energy increases with increase
in radius.
SECTION (E) :
E 2. In case of earth the gravitational field is zero at infinity as well as the the centre and the potential is
minimum at the centre .
EXERCISE:-2
PART - I

1. E = 3 î – 4 ĵ N / kg
 
Then F = m E = (1 kg) ( 3 î – 4 ĵ ) N / kg
= 3 î – 4 ĵ N
 
Work done = W = F . S

S = Displacement vector
3 9
displacement is along y = x+
4 4
Any point on this line can be written as
3 9 3 9
k1 î +  k 1   ĵ = k2 î +  k 2   ĵ
 4 4  4 4
 3
S = Displacement vector = (k2– k1) î + (k – k ) ĵ
4 2 1
 3 
Now W = (3 î – 4 ĵ ) . (k 2 – k 1 ) î  (k 2 – k 1 ) ĵ 
 4 
= 3 (k2– k1) – 3 (k2– k1) = 0 Ans.

3. (a) Force will be due to the mass of the sphere upto the radius r
In case (i) 0 < r < b ; Mass M = 0, therefore F(r) = 0
4 4  b3 
In case (ii) b < r < a ; Mass M =  (r3 – b3), therefore F(r) = Gpm r  2 
3 3  r 

4 4  a3  b3 
(iii) a < r <  ; Mass M =  (a3 – b3), therefore F(r) = Gpm 2

3 3  r


r2

(b) Uf – Ui = –  Fc .dr
r1
(i) 0 < r < b ; u(r) = - 2 Gm(a2 — b2)

2Gm
(ii) b < r < a ; u(r) = (3ra2 - 2b3 - r3)
3r
4Gm 3
(iii) a < r <  ; u (r) = (a  b 3 )
3r
7. Applying angular momentum conservation :

mv0 = mvd
v0= vd .......... (i)
1
Intial energy = mv02 + 0
2
1 GMs
Final energy = mv2 –
2 d
Applying energy conservation ,
1 1 GMsm
mv02 = mv2 –
2 2 d
2GM s
v02 = v2 – .......... (ii)
d
From equation (i) and (ii) :
v 02 2 2GM s
v02 = 2 –
d d

2GMs
d2 + 2 d – 2 = 0
v0
Solving this quadratic
2
GMs  GMs 
   2
d = – 2 +  v 2
v0  0


 2 
2
GMs  1   v 0  – 1
=   GM   Ans.
v 02    
 
PART - II
1. Gravitational field at ‘m’ due to hollowed - out lead sphere
= { Field due to solid spere } – { Field due to mass that was removed }
GM GM
Field due to solid sphere = 2 = E1 =
d 4R 2
GM'
Field due to removed mass = = E2
x2
3
M 4 R M
M’ = 4 ×   =
R 3 3 2 8
3
R
And x = d–
2
GM GM GM
So , E2 = = =
 R
2
3 R 
2 18 R 2
8 d –  8 
 2  2 
Enet = E1 – E2
GM  1 1  7GM
=  –  =
R 2  4 18  36 R 2
7GMm
Fnet = mEnet = Ans.
36 R 2
Gm1
r1 3
4. =
Gm 2 4
r2
m1 m2
=
4 r12 4 r22
m1 + m2 = m
m m1 Gm 5
2 = or = = Ans.
4R 4 r12 R
Gm1 3
r1

7. inside a uniform spherical shell
Ein = 0
Gm
Vin = constant =
R
GMmr
9. Fg =
R3
GMmr cos 
pressing force = Fg cos  =
R3
GMm
= 2 R2 = constant .
Fg sin  GMr sin 

a= =
m R3
GMy
a=
R3
2 2
11.* S = , E =
1 .5 24
 1 1
west to east = 2  – 
 1.5 24 
2
T west to east = = 1.6 hours
 west to east
Similarly
 1 1 
east to west = 2   
 1.5 24 
24
T east to west = hours
17
EXERCISE-3
GMm 1
1. P.E. = –  K.E. = MV2
r 2
GMm 1
Total energy =  + mV2
r 2
GMm 1 2GM
T.E. = 0 if   mV 2  0  v =
r 2 r
2GM
For v < , T.E. is – ve
r
2GM
for v > , T.E. is + ve
r

GM
If V is i.e. equal to orbital velocity, path is circular..
r
If T.E. is negative, path is elliptical.
If T.E. is zero, path is parabolic.
If T.E. is positive, path is hyperbolic.
6. Let M and R be the mass and radius of the earth respectively. If m be the mass of satellite, then escape
velocity from earth e = ( 2 Rg)
e
Velocity of satellite s = = (2 R g) / 2 ......... (1)
2
 GM   R 2g 
Further ]s =   =  
R h
 r   
R 2g
  2s =
Rh
h = R = 6400 km
Sol. 9 to 11
Let the angular speed of revolution of both stars be  about the
common centre , that is, centre of mass of system.
The centripetal force on star of mass m is
2d Gm(2m) 4 2 3
m2 = 2 . Solving we get T= d
3 d 3Gm
The ratio of angular momentum is simply the ratio of moment of inertia about center of mass of system.
2
 2d 
m 
Lm Im 3
   2  2
LM I M d
2m 
3
Similarly, The ratio of kinetic energy is simply the ratio of moment of inertia about center of mass of
system.
2
1  2d 
I m 2 m 
Km 3
 2   2  2
+ KM 1
I M 2 2m d 
2
3
14. (i) g’ = g – R cos 2 

At equator = 0
 g’ = g – R 
0 = g – R 
g 9.8
 = = = 1.24 × 10 –3 rad/s
R 6400  103
dA L
(ii) = = constant because angular momentum of planet (L) about the centre of sun is constant.
dt 2m
Thus, this law comes from law of conservation of angular momentum.

(iii) T r 3 / 2
3/2
T2  r2 
 
 T1 =  r1 
3/2
 r2 
or T2 =  
 r1 
3/2
 3.5 R 
T1 =   (24) h = 8.48 h
 7R 
EXERCISE:-4
PART - I
1. Time period of a satellite very close to earth’s surface is 84.6 minutes. Time period increases as the distance
of the satellite from the surface of earth increase. So, time period of spy satellite orbiting a few hundred km,
above the earth’s surface should be slightly greater than 84.6 minutes. Therefore, the most appropriate
option is (C) or 2 hrs.
2GM
3. speed of particle at A VA = escape velocity on the surface of moon =
R
At highest point B, VB = 0
From energy conservation.
1  UB U A 
mVA2 = VB – VA = m  – 
2  m m 
VA2  UB UA  UA – GM
or  –  , also  [3R2 – r2]
2 m m  m 2R 3
2
GM – GM  – GM  2  R  
 –  1 .5R – 0. 5 R – 
 R R  h  R3   100   
  
2
1 –1 3 1  99  1
or  – –  
R R  h 2R 2  100  R
or h = 99.5 R  99R Ans
6.  = 0 r<R
=0 r>R
Case I r < R
mV 2
FC =
r
r mV 2
mg  (g = acceleration due to gravity at surface of sphere)
R r
g
V= r for r < R
R

Case II r>R
GMm mV 2
=
r2 r
GM g
V=  R So
r r
8. W ext = U – UP
 Gdm 
W ext = 0 –  –  – .1
x 
M 2rdr 2GM rdr P

W ext = G    7R 2 2
16R  r 2 =
7R 2  2
16R  r 2
x
2GM zdz 2GM
= 2  = [Z]
7R z 7R 2 3R
r dr
4R
4R
2GM 
W ext = 2 
16R 2  r 2 
7R   3R
2GM
W ext =
7R 2
4 2R – 5R 
2GM
W ext =
7R 2
4 2 –5 .
4
2GM 2.G. R 3 4G 
12. Ves = = 3 = R
R R 3
Ves  R
Sarface area of P = A = 4RP2
Surface area of Q = 4A = 4 RQ2
 RQ = 2Rp
mass R is MR = MP + MQ
4 3 4 3 4 3
 R R =  R P +  RQ
3 3 3
 RR3 = RP3 + RQ3
= 9RP3
1/3
RR = 9 RP  RR > RQ > RP
Therefore VR > VQ > VP
VR VP 1
1/3
VP = 9 and VQ = 2

PART - II
2GM 2GMe  10 2GMe

2. V= = Re = 10 Re = 110 k m/s
R
10
Gm G( 4m)
4. =
x 2 (r  x )2
1 2
=
x rx
r – x = 2x
r
3x =
3
r
x=
3
Gm G( 4m)
 
r /3 2r / 3
3Gm 6Gm 9Gm

  = Ans.
r r r
 GMm  GMm
6. W = 0 –  
 R  R
m
= gR2 × = mgR
R
= 1000 × 10 × 6400 × 103
= 64 × 109 J
= 6.4 × 1010

SOLUTIONS OF ADVANCED LEVEL PROBLEMS
PART - I
1.
Gm 2
Tsin =
(a – x)2
Tcos = mg
mG
deviding we get tan  =
(a – x)2 g
2. Inside the shell gravitation field due to the shell will be zero but there will be some gravitational field due to the
block.
3. From modified Gauss’s theorem for gravitation
   r r 
  dv 
 E .ds = 4 G  r  0 

r r
k
2
E 4 r = 4 G  4 r 2 dr
r 0
r
get E = constant
4. as E is constant, so the Potential (V = – E dr ) will be proportional to r


5. B
Applying energy conservation form P to O

Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf
 – GM 
  1  – GM  2GM  1 
O + (Mo)  2 2  = mo V2 + (mo)    V= 1 – 
 R  2R   2  R  R  5

6. U = m (Vf – Vi)
 – GM  – GM   3  GM 
U = m  –   = m  
 4R   R  4  R 
3  GM 
= mR  2  = mRg × 3/ 4
4 R 
4 
G() R 3 
GM  3  4
7. g= 2 = 2
= GR
R R 3
gR
as Radius of the moon is one forth so g on moon is also one fourth.
Time period of a second pendulum on the earth

T = 2 gearth

at moon T = 2 gmoon
gmoon  1
dividing 1 =  g =  
earth 4
99.2
1 = = 24.8 cm
4
8. For a geo - stationary satellite
Tsattelite = Tearth
4 2 2
r3 = 
Gm e earth
1
r 2/3
earth
1 1
Asearth is doubled So r will be 2 == times Ans.
1 
2 3 4 3
9. The reading of the beam balance will be independent of effective g, so W b = W'b but the reading of the spring
balance will Proportional to geffactive
At equator due to centrifugal force of earth, geffactive is less so Reading of spring ballance is less W s < W'b
10. (A) If it is projected radially it will go up and than move down in a straight line
(B) If it is projected with a small velocity near the earth's surface, g will be almost constant. So its path
will be almost parabolic (Projectile Motion).
 GM 
(C) If the body is projected tangentially with orbital speed  Vo  r  then it will revolve in circular orbit

(D) If the body is projected with a velocity V  (Vo,Ve) it may revolve in an elliptical orbit.
11. In two star problem
r3
T = 2
3Gm
1
T  r3/2 and T 
m

PART - II
1. The mass of the sun is same for both the cases, so we can apply
2 3
 Tplanet  R 
  =  planet 
T  R 
 earth   earth 
2 3
 Tplanet   2r 
  =  
 1 year   r 
Tplanet = 23/2 years
70
The life span of the man is 70 years . During 70 years , the revolution completed by that planet = 
2 3/2
25 revolutions. So he will see 25 summers, 25 winters, 25 springs ... so according to that planet his age
will be 25 years.
2. (a) particle is closet to ring, when it is at it’s centre, i.e. zero.
(b) External force on “Ring + particle” is zero, hence centre of mass remain stationary. Hence distance of
centre of mass from initial position of ring = displacement of rin
mR  0  mP  x 0
= mR  m p
3  10 8  6
=
(2.7  109  0.3  10 9 )
= 0.6 m
(c) According to conservation of momentum –
mR VR = mP vP
where vR and vP are speed of ring and particle in opposite direction, when particle reaches centre of ring.
2.7 × 109 vR = 3 × 108 vP
VP = 9vR
By conservation of energy -
GmR mP GmR mP
– +0=– + 1/2 mRVR2 + 1/2 mPvp2
R 2  x 02 R
 
1 1  1 2  mR  m 
GMR × MP  R   = 2 vP  81 P
 R  x 02
2
 
1 1  1  2.7  10 9 
6.67 × 10 -11
× 2.7 × 10 × 3 × 10    = vP2
9 8   3  10 8 
 8 10  2  81 
vP = 9 cm /sec.
3. Total distance from apogee to perigee

(a) 300 + 2(6400) + 3000 = 2a
a = 8050 km
Time period of the spacecarft
4 2 3
T2 = a
GMe
2 4
T= a3 / 2 = a3 / 2
GMe GMe
R2
R2
4 4
T= a3 / 2 =  (8050  10 3 )3 / 2
R g 3
6400  10  9.8

(b) Apply angular momentum conservation about the centre of earth, between perigee and Apogee.
mv1 rmin = m v2 rmax .............(i)
(v1) (300 + 6400) = v2(3000 + 6400)
v1 94
v 2 = 67
(c) Also apply energy conservation between perigee an Apogee
1  GmM e   GmM e 
mv12 +   r  = 1 mv 2 +    .............(ii)
2  rmax 
2  min  2 
Where rmin = (300 + 6400)km and rmax = (3000 + 6400)km
From eqn. (i) & (ii) we get
v1 = 8.35 × 103 m/sec
v2 = 5.95 × 103 m/sec.
(d) To escape, velocity at r  should be zero.
Applying energy conservation between perigee and r .
ki + U = kf + Uf
1  GM 2m 
mv12 +    = 0 + 0
2  ( 300  6400 ) 
v1 = 11.44 × 103 m/sec.
Increase in speed = 11.44 × 103 – 8.35 × 103
= 3.09 × 103 m/sec.
4.
at max and min. distance, Velocity will be perpendicular to the radius vector, Applying angular momentum
conservation about the sun, between initial position and the position of max or minimum distance.
MV0 r0 sin = MVr ..........(1)
applying energy conservation :
1  GMSm  GMS m 
MVo2 +   r  = 1 mv2 +   
 r
2  0  2  
from equ (1) and (2) get
ro  1  1  ( 2  ) sin 2  
r=  
2  
ro v o
where 
GMs
have  sign will give rmax and sign will give rmin .
5. R = Radius of earth
r = radius of orbit of geostationary satellite
T = Time period of earth about its axis
T  r3 / 2
  r– 3 / 2
 –3 r
= ×
 2 r

–3 r
 = × ×
2 r
Vrel = (1 – 2 ) R = – × R
3 r
= × ×R×
2 r
3 r 2 3 rR
Vrel = × ×R× =
2 r T rT
Alternately
earth
earth
s
2 2
earth = T =
earth 24 hours
If the satellite were geo–stationary its T would also be 24 hours. But radius is slightly increased, so its T
will also be increased.
 4 2  3
T =  GM  R , taking log on both the sides

2 
 
 4 2 
2 log T = log  GM   3log(R)
 
 
Differentiating
dT 3dR
2 =0+
T R
3 dR
dT = T (here R = radius of geo–stationary satllite = 42000 km)
2 R
3 (1km) 3  24
dT = (24 hours) = hours
2 ( 42000 km) 2  42000
Now, angular velocity of satellite relative to the earth
2 2
s/earth = s – earth = 
T  dT T
1
2  dT  
rel = T  1  T   1
  
Using binomial expansion
2  dT 
rel = 1   1
T  T 

2
rel =  dT
T2
Velocity of the point directly below the satellite relative to earth's surface will be
v = (rel)Rearth
 2 
v =  2 dT  (Rearth)
 T 
2  3  24  
v= 2
hours  (6400 km). = m/s = 1.66 cm/sec
( 24 hours)  2  42000  189
6. (a) Orbital speed
GMe 6.6  10 11( 6  10 24 )

v= =
r (6400  640 )km
= 7.53 km/sec.
(b) Time period
 4 2  3
T2 =  GMe  r
 
 
4 2
2
T = (6400 + 640 km)3
(6.6  10 11  6  10 24 )
T = 1.63 hours
GMem
(c) Initial mechanical energy = 
2r
( 6.6  10 11 )(6  10 24 )( 220 )

=  J
2  (6400  640 )km
Total loss in mech. energy during 1500 rev.
= (1.4 × 105) × 1500
= 21 × 107 J.
Final mechanical energy remaining after 1500 rev.
TEf = TEi – Eloss
GMem   (6.6  10 11  6  10 23  220) 

   – 21 × 107 J
2rf –  2  (6400  640)km 
 
Solving get rg = 6812 km

Height from earth's surface = 6812 – 6400 = 412 km
(d) Final orbital velocity
GMe 6.6  10 11  6  10 23

vf = rf =
( 6812 km)
vf = 7.67 km/sec.

2r 2    6812
(e) Time period T = =
v 7.67
= 1.55 hours
(f) Due to Air resistance, net torque about the earth is non–zero.
So, angular momentum about the earth will not remain conserved.
7.
from angular momentum conservation about the sun,

J = m v1 r1 = m v2 r2 ..........(1)
from energy conservation
1  GMS m  1  GMS m 
mv12 +    = mv22 +    ..........(2)
2  r1  2  r2 
Solving eq (1) and (2) get
2 GM s r1r2
J= m (r1  r2 )
 GM 
8.  2  m s = m 2 R
s
R 
2 R 3 4 2 R 3
M= 
G T 2G
M = 6 × 1041 kg
M = nm s
(6 × 1041) = n (2 × 1030) n  3  1011

So x = 11.
Ans. 11
3 GM2 3 GM
9. W= = MR
5 R 5 R2
3 3
= g MR = × 10 × 2.5 × 1031 = 15 × 1031 J
5 5

TOPIC :- CURRENT ELECTRICITY
EXERCISE :-1
PART - I
SECTION (A)
A-1. i = io +  sin t.
dq ð
= 10 + sin t
dt 2
3
 ð  ð 1
q=  10  2 sin ðt  dt
0
= 10 × 3 +
2
×
ð
× 2 = 31 C Ans.
q 31
Average current = = A Ans.
t 3
A-3. (i) Q = i  t = 5 × 4 × 60 = 1200C

Q 1200
(ii) Q = ne  n= e  = 75 × 1020
1.6  10 –19
SECTION (B) :
20  10 3
B-1. (a) no of electrons passing per second
e
20  10 3 2  10 17
= 19 = = 1.25 × 1017.
1.6  10 1.6
20  10 3 1
(b) j = –3 2 = × 106 A/m2.
 ( 0.2  10 ) 2
I 1
B-4. = slope of given graph =
V R
1
or R=
slope
Resistance of a metallic wire increases with increase in temperature.
(slope)T2 < (slope)T1
1 1
 (slope)T2 > (slope)T1
or R T2 > R T1
or T2 > T1
 (3.5  10 –5 )  (50  10 –2 ) 0.35

B-6 (i) R = A  = = 0.175
(1.0  10 – 2 )2 2
 (3.5  10 –5 ) (1.0  10 –2 )
(ii) R = A  = 7 × 10–5
(1.0  10 – 2 ) (50  10 – 2 )
RESONANCE SOLN CURRENT ELECTRICITY - 22

SECTION (C) :
C-1. (a) In each case E.M.F. = 10 V
(b) For case (A), battery is providing current to the circuit hence acting as source.
For case (B) battery is taking current from external source, hence acting as a load.
(c) For case (A) VA = E – ir = 10 – 1 × 1 = 9 V
For case (B) VB = E + ir = 10 + 1 × 1 = 11 V
(d) For case (A) PA = VA i = 9 × 1 = 9 W
For case (B) PB = VBi = 11 × 1 = 11 W
HA
(e) For case (A) = iA2 rA = (1)2 × 1 = 1 W
t
HB
For case (B) = iB2 rB = (1)2 × 1 = 1 W
t
(f) For case (A) PA = EA i = 10 × 1 = 10 W
For case (B) PB = EB i = 10 × 1 = 10 W
(g) For case (A) VBox = VA = 9 V
For case (B) VBox = VB = 11 V
(h) For case (A) PBox = – 9 × 1 = – 9 W
For case (B) PBox = 11 × 1 = 11 W
C-4. (a) V = E – ir = 12 – 90 × 5 × 10–2 = 12 – 4.5 = 7.5 V
E 12
(b) max =  = 24 mA
r ' 500
(c) For charging of battery V = E + ir ,V > E  V > 12 V
C-7. For quantitative purposes we assume that the resistances of the bulbs do not depend upon the voltages
across them. This is far from accurate, but will give the correct qualitative conclusion. If the (r.m.s.) supply
voltage is V, the resistance ri of a bulb is V2/wi, where wi is the nominal rating of the bulb. When the two bulbs
are connected in series across the supply, the (r.m.s) current drawn is V/(rA + rB) and the power dissipated
in bulb i (i = A or B ) is
2
V2  V 
Pi = w  2 2

i  ( V / w A )  ( V / wB ) 
According to the original agreement (wA = wB = 100 W), both PA and PB should be 25 W. Actually, PA = 8 W
and PB = 32 W, and so A clearly failed his examinations. By comparison, student B might be considered a
double winner : he gets 32 W, but pays for only (8 + 32)/ 2 = 20 W. On the other hand, 32 W is still a very
poor light to study by and B also could well have failed his examinations.
C-11. (a) H = I2 Rt  400 = 22 × R × 10  R = 10
(b) H = I2 Rt Now  = 4A, t = 20s  H = 42 × 10 × 20 = 3200 J
SECTION : (D)
D 3 C
3
C
3 3
6 3
3
6 6 6 3 3
D-1.   
3 3 A B
A B 3
3
3

A B
3
Req = 2 Ans.

D-3. (a) Req = 2 + 1 = 3 
 6
(b) i = R = =2A
eq 3
i1 + i2 + i3 = 2
1 1 1
i1 : i2 : i3 = : : =1:2:1
8 4 8
1
i1 = i3 = A, i2 = 1 A
2
(c) Vacross battery =  – ir = 6 – 2 × 1 = 4 V Vacrosseach cell = 4 V
(d) P of the cell consumed P = i = 12 W

(e) P heat generated in cell P = i2r = 4 W
(f) Poutput = i – i2r = 8 W
1
(g) In parallel P  4  consumes Max power
R
v2 44 A 1
(h) P4 = = =4W
R 4
D-6. (i) Let RAB = x. Then, we can break one chain and
2 x
connect a resistance of magnitude x in place of it. 6V
Thus, the circuit remains as shown in figure.
2x
Now, 2 and x are in parallel. So, their combined resistance is B
2x
2x
or RAB = 1 +
2x
But RAB is a assumed to x. Therefore,
2x
x=1+
2x
Solving this equation, we get
x=2
Hence proved.
22
(ii) Net resistance of circuit R = 1 + = 2
22
6
 Current through battery i = = 3A
2
i
This current is equally distributed in 2 and 2 resistances. Therefore, the desired current is or 1.5 A.
2
180 60
D-10. case (a) Req = = 60  i= = 1 amp
3 60
180 60 2
case (b) Req = = 90  i= = amp
2 90 3
60 1
case (c) Req = 180 i=  amp
180 3

SECTION (E) :
E-1.
6E 62 12
(i) current i =   = 1.4 A
R  6r 8.5  6  0.015 8.59
12
(ii) terminal voltage V = iR = × 8.5 = 11.9 V
8.59
4
A i =0 A
i1
A A
E-4. 4 6
i1 i1
4V 2V
Potential difference across upper 4 resistance is zero so current is also zero.

Other two resistors are in series combination so current is same
42
= = 0.2 A. Ans.
46
SECTION (F) :
 g 
 
F-1. (I – Ig) S = Ig G  S = –  G
 g
 0.002 0.002
 30
S =  0.3 – 0.002  30 =  30 S= = 0.2013 
  0.298 149
V = Ig (R + G)  0.2 = 0.002 (R + 30) R = 70 
F-3. (i)
4 100 r 600  6 r  400  4 r  300 r 310 r  1000

(ii) Req = 2 + + = =
3 100  r 3(100  r ) 3(100  r )
V
i=
R
1.40
0.02 = × (300 + 3 r)
310 r  1000
310 r + 1000 = 21000 + 210 r
10 r = 2000
r = 200  Ans.

200  100 4
(iii) V = i r = 0.02 × = = 1.33
200  100 3
Zero error = 1.1 – 1.33 = –0.23 V Ans.
82.3
F-5.
, (a)  1.02 = 1.25 V
67.3
(b) The high resistance to keep the initial current low when null point is being located. This saves the
standard cell from damage.
(c) This high resistance does not affect the balance point because then there is no flow of current
through the standard cell branch.
(d) The internal resistance of driver cell affects the current through the potentiometer wire. Since
potential gradient is changed, therefore, the balance point must be affected.
(e) No, it is necessary that the emf of the driver cell is more than the emf of the cells.
(f) This circuit will not work well for measurement of small emf (mV) because the balance point will be
very near to end A, and percentage error in EMF measured due to length measurement would be
V dE d
very large E =   = will be large if  is very small.
100 E 
PART - II :
SECTION (A) :
A-1. The drift velocity of electrons in a conducting wire is of the order of 1mm/s. But electric field is set up in the
wire very quickly, producing a current through each cross section, almost instantaneously.
1 1
A-4.* In series current remain same  = neAvd , J = /A, for constant current vd  and J  .
A A
SECTION (B) :

 E
EA E 5  10 –2
B-1.* IR = V = E       = = 5 × 10–3 –m
A  J 10
1 1
=  = 200 mho/m.
5  10 – 3
SECTION (C) :
C-1. In an electric circuit containing a battery, the positive charge inside the battery may go from the positive
terminal to the negative terminal
2
 E 
C-4. P = R5 R
 
dP
dR
= 0 at R = 5, so power is maximum at R = 5 ]
Therefore increase continuously till R = 5
4 .5 3

3 10  54
C-6. Eq = 1 1 13 = V

3 10
3  10 30
req =  
13 13
54 / 13 54 1
 
i = 6  30 108 2 amp.
13
1
V6 = i.R = × 6 = 3V
2
There fore current in 10 is zero
SECTION (D) :
D-1. (a) R1 = R01 (1 + 1 ) = 600 (1 + 0.001 × 30) = 618 
R2 = R02 (1 + 2 ) = 300 (1 + 0.004 × 30) = 336 
Req = R1 + R2 = 618 + 336 = 954 
54 1
(b) Req = R0eq (1 + eq ) 954 = 900 ( 1 +  30) =  degree–1
900  30 500
(110 )2 (110 )2
D-3. R2.5 W = , R100W =  R2.5 > R100 .
2 .5 100
In series current passes through both bulb are same
P2.5 = i2 R2.5 , P100 = i2 R100
P2.5 > P100 due to R2.5 > R100 &  P2.5 > 2.5W & P100 < 100 W (can be verified)
Therefore 2.5 W bulb will fuse
(220 )2
D-6. R=
100
R 4 R 4 (220 )2
Req = +R= 
3 3 300
V2 (220 )2  300 300

P=   = 75 W
Req 4(220 )2 4
100 200
D-9.   Req = 20 
R eq 40
R  100
Req = = 20   R = 25 
100  R
D-12. Since,resistance in upper branch of the circuit is twice the resistance in lower branch. Hence, current there
will be half. P4 = (i/2)2 (4) (P = i2R)
2
P5 = (i) (5) 4 i/2 6
P4 1
or 
P5 5
P5 10
 P4 = = = 2 cal/s.
5 5 i
5
D 13.
For power across heater is maximum resistance of balb should be minimum.

2
 V 
Pheater =  
 RH
 RH  Rb 
Rbulb is minimum for 200 W.
SECTION (E) :
E-2. Assume M cells are connected correct and N cells connected wrong.
M + N = 12 .......(1)
3R
(M + 2) E – NE = 3R  M–N+2= ......(2)
E
2R
ME – (N + 2)E = 2R  M–N–2= ......(3)
E

from eq (1) and (2) ls
– M + N + 10 = 0  M – N = 10 ......(4)
from eq (1) and (2)
M = 11, N = 1
SECTION (F) :
300  600
F-1. Req = 200 + + 100 = 500 
300  600
100 1
=  amp
500 5
1
600 1 1
600 = 1 1
 = amp
 5 15
300 600
1
Reading of volt meter = I600 R600 = × 600 = 40 V
15
F-4. For non ideal ammeter and voltmeter, ammeter have low resistance and voltmeter have high resistance.
Therefore the main current in the circuit will be very low and almost all current will flow through the
ammeter. It emf of cell is very high then current in ammeter is very high result of this current the devices
may get damaged. If devices are ideal that means resistance of voltmeter is infinity. so that current in
the circuit is zero. Therefore ammeter will read zero reading and voltmeter will read the emf of cell.
2 V 2  10 1
F-7. i= x =   (R  10) . 100
10  R
2  10 40
V1 = x  10 × 10–3 = (R  10)  100
8
R + 10 =
10  10 – 3
 R + 10 = 800  R = 790
EXERCISE - 2
PART - I
1.
 r   r2 
(a) J = J0  1   shadded area dA = 2rdr di = 2J0  r  R  dr
 R  
R
 r2  R2 R2  2  J0 R 2 J0 A
i = 2J0  r   dr = 2  J0  2  3  = = Ans.

0

 R    6 3
R
r2 A
(b) i = 2J0  dr = 2 J0 Ans.
R 3
0

3. (i)
Energy kirchoffs first law at first junction

V0 V0 V0 V0
V0  K K

K2 K
0
= +
R1 R1 R2
 1  V0 V0  1 V
1   = 1   + 0
 K  R1 KR1  K  KR2
1  1 1 1  1 K 2  2K  1 R1
1    2  =
R1  K K K  KR2 . 
K2
= KR
2
R2 K
R1 = (K  1)2 .........(1)
VO V V0
 0
K n1 K n = K n
R1 R3
R1
R 3 = (K – 1) .........(2)
R2 K
(1) & (2)  =
R3 K –1
V1 V0 / K V0 (K – 1)
(ii) I = R  R (K / K – 1) =
2 3 K 2 R3
 (K – 1)  V0
I=  
 K 2  R3
6.  (by folding)
7 R8  R 7R U 15 U
Reft = 7 R  R = i= R =
8 15 eft 7R

9. (i)
VAB = 2V  i2 = 0 & i1 = i3
2 = 3 – i, r,  i1 = 1A
 i3 = 1A
(ii)
apply kirchoffs law in PLQP loop – 2 + 3 – i1. 1 = 0  i1 = 1 amp

apply kirchoffs law in PNQP loop + i3 – 1 + 2 = 0  i3 = – 1 amp
apply kirchoffs law in ABQPA loop + 2 – (1 – 1 + i2) = 0  i2 = 2 amp
iR = i1 + i2 + i3 = 1 – 1 + 2 = 2 amp Ans.
11. E = 1.52 V V = E – ir
1.45 = 1.52 – 1r
r = 0.07  Ans.
13.
E
S
Here I = R  r  GS and Ig =
GS GS
E S ES
. 
Ig = R  r  GS G  S (R  r ) ( G  S)  GS
GS
9
for S = 10, Ig = × 200 × 10–3 = 36 × 10–3 amp
50
10E
36 × 10–3 = ....(1)
100(10  G)  10G
30
for S = 50, Ig = × 200 × 10–3 = 120 × 10–3 amp
50
50 E
120 × 10–3 = 100 (50  G)  50G ....(2)
from (1) and (2)
36 100(50  G)  50G 700
  G=  Ans.
24 100(10  G)  10G 3
from eq (1) E = 96 V Ans.

15.
    3  3
(i) i = r  R  R   Vmax = i (R1 + R2) =  
2 / a2 2  2 =  Ans
1 2 2 / a  2a  4
  
(ii) From A to B potential drop is = irAB = 2
 2 =
2 / a 2a 4
 ' 
distance from B point = 2
. 2
 
2 / a a 4 =
2
 5
total length = 2 +  Ans
2 2
(iii)

Let R =
2a2
apply KVL in loop ABCDA  – 3i1R = (i1 + i2)R ....(1)

applying KVL in loop EFDLE – i2R = (i1 + i2) R ...(2)
2
from eq (1) and (2)s
5
 = 7 (i + i ) R
2 1 2
 
i2 = 7 R where R= Ans.
2a2
PART - II
6x 12  8 x
1. For maximum power req = Req  2+ =4  =4
6x 6x
 12 + 8x = 24 + 4x  4x = 12 x = 3 Ans.
0 0
3. (0 – )4= G ...(1)
5 5
2 4
(0 – g) = gG ...(2)
24
from (1) and (2)
16  0 6 
  0
5 8(  0 –  g ) 5 g
0
12g = 0 – g  g = Ans
13
5.
Due to input symmetry potential drop in AC, AD and AE part is same. Therefore potential at C,D and E
point is same.
7
Req = 
3
8. case - I
30 1 30 3
current  =  amp 1 =  amp.
300 10 400 40
30
30 = ( – 1) RV  RV = = 1200
1 3
–
10 40
Case – 
60 3
= 300  1200 = amp.
400  32
1200  300
1200 4 3 3
0 300 = (– 0) 1200  0 = =   amp
1500 5 32 40
3 900
Reading of voltmeter = × 300 = = 22.5 V Ans
40 40
11.
1   2   3 .....  (R1  R 2  R 3  .......)

i = R  R  R  ....... = R1  R 2  R 3  .......
1 2 3
i=. so that potential difference between any two points is zero

15.
25 45
RAB = 2 + 8 + =  Ans
2 2
18. For maximum power across the resistance, R is equal to equivalent resistance of remaining resistance
R1 R 2
R = R R
1 2
21. 0.75 × 60 = 15 × i2
i2= 3 amp
23. For max , Rh is minimum which is zero .

5 .5
max = Amp.
20
for min , Rh is maximum which is 30 .
5 .5 5.5
min =  Amp.
20  30 50
 min 5.5 20 2
=   Amp. Ans
 max 50 5.5 5
KE KE KE N
   .......... .upto
26. Eeq = r r r K
1 1 1 N
   ........upto
r r r K
Eeq = KE
1 1 1 N K 2r
 
req Kr Kr ........ upto K req =
N
K 2r NR
For maximum power req = R  =R  K=
N r
2
2 2  NR 
 E eq   EK  E 2K 2 E2    E2
2 
maximum power = Pmax = I R =  
 R =   R = =  r  =
 2 R   2R  4R 4Nr
4R
28.
current flow in circuit is  = 10 amp

power supplied by the battery is = 2R = (10)2 × 2 = 200 W
Potential drop across 4 & 6 are equal and it is equal to zero.
current in AB wire is 10 amp.


31. current i =
Rr
cell generating power =i

 R
Heat produced in R at the rate = i2R = iR. = i.
Rr Rr
r
Heat produced in r at the rate = i2r = i .
Rr
EXERCISE - 3
J i
1. Drift speed Vd = =
ne neA
V L
i= where R =
R A
V
E= and P = I2 R
L
(6 to 8)
Assume the potential at B to be zero.The potential are given at various points in the circuit.
40V
10 10V
A
30V 30V 30V 30V
5 25 25
I
25V 25V 5V I
10V
5V 5V 5V
20V 20V 20V B
20V 0V
20
30  25 30  5 I1
Then I1  =1A and I2  =1A. Therefore  1
5 25 I 2
Now from figure VA =30V and VB=0V. Therefore VA–VB= 30V
(30  25)2 ( 40  30 )2 (30  25)2 (30  5 )2 (20 )2
Net power dissipated by resistor is = + + + + = 61 Watt
5 10 25 25 20
  
11. (Moderate) From relation J   E , the current density J at any point in ohmic resistor is in direction of

electric field E at that point. In space having non-uniform electric field, charges released from rest may not
move along ELOF. Hence statement 1 is true while statement 2 is false.
15. The secondary cell will provide higher value of maximum current because its internal resistance is lower than
primary cell. .
16. The positive terminal

EXERCISE - 4
V2 V2
1. P= so R=
R P
V2 V2
 R1 = and R2 = R3 =
100 60
(250 )2
Now W1 = · R1
(R1  R 2 )2
(250 )2
W2 = · R2
(R1  R 2 )2
(250)2
and W3 =
R3
W 1 : W 2 : W 3 = 15 : 25 : 64 or W1 < W2 < W3
4. (a) There are no positive and negative terminals on the galvanometer because only zero deflection is
needed.
G
X 12
(b) A J B C D
(c) AJ = 60 cm
 BJ = 40 cm
If no deflection is taking place. Then the Wheatstone bridge is be said to be balanced. Hence
X RBJ
= R
12 AJ
X 40 2
or = =
12 60 3
or X = 8 Ans.
5. P = i2R
current is same, so P  R
r 3r 2
In the 1st case it is , in 2nd case it is 3r, in 3rd case it is and in 4th case the net resistance is r..
3 2 3
R1 < R4 < R3 < R2
 P1 < P4 < P3 < P2
5 4 3
8. RPR = r, RPQ = r and RRQ = r
11 11 11
 RPR is maximum .
Therefore, the correct option is (A)
11. From Kirchoff’s junction law, current in 2 is zero, because 2 resistance is not a part of closed circuit.

13. Reason  x = R
100  
dx d d (100   )
 = –
x  100  

dx d d
 = +
x  100  
dx 100 d
=
x (100   )
dx
% error in x = will be minimum when (100 – ) will be maximum i.e.  = 50 cm.
x
16. The given three circuits R1, R2 and R3

are equivalent to the following three circuits.
32 32 32
P1 = =9W P2 = = 18 W P3 = = 4.5 W
1 1/ 2 2
P2 > P1 > P3
l L 
19. R= R= =
A tL t
Independent of L.
2
22. i=
2R
2
 2 
J1 =   R
2R
 

1 1
eq = 1 1 =

1 1
1  2
req = i= 1 =
2 R 2R  1
2

2
 2 
J2 =   R
 1  2R 
9
Given J1 = J
4 2
2 2
 2  9  2 
   R=   R
2R 4  1  2R 
2 3
 =
2R 1  2R
 2 + 4R = 6 + 3R
 R = 4.
25. Due to input and output symmetry P and Q and S and T have same potential.
6  12 12  12 
Req = = 4 1 = = 3A 2 =  3
18 4  6  12 
2 = 2 A
VA – VS = 2 × 4 = 8V
VA – VT = 1 × 8 = 8V
VP = VQ  Current through PQ =0 (A)
VP = VQ  VQ > VS (C)
I1 = 3A (B)
I2 = 2A (D)

29. Let R be their individual resistance at 0ºC. Their resistance at any other temperature t is
R1 = R (1 + 1 t) and R2 = R (1 + 2 t).
In series
Rseries = R1 + R2 = R [2 +(1 + 2) .t]
 1   2 
= 2R 1  t .
 2 
1   2
Series =
2
In Parallel
R1  R 2 R(1  1t ) R(1   2 t )

RParallel = R  R = R(2     ) t )
1 2 1 2
R 2 (1  1   2 )t )
  2
 2R(1  1 t)
2
R  1  1   2 t 

2  2 
1   2
Parallel = .
2

PART - I
1. Condition for maximum power is
Net internal resistance = Net external resistance
rnet = Rnet
300
r
n =R
n
300  r
n2 =
R
300  0.3
n=
10
n=3
2. Condition for maximum power is

r=R
6R  3R
4= 9R
R=2 Ans.
F
3. Y=
Ax
10  10
7 × 1010 =
10 8  x
10101
 x= = m
7  1010 7
By volume conservation A1 1 = A2 2
 1
10 × 10–8 = 10   A
 7
 2  1
R = R – R0 = 
A2 A1
 1
(10  x )10  
R =  7  –   10
10  10 8 10 8
 2 
1.59  10 8  10 1  1   1
R =  
10 8  70  
2
= 15.9 × = 0.454 
70

4.
a>b>c Let
and a = 2c
a
Rmax =
bc
c
Rmin =
ab
R max a2
 Rmin = =4
c2
P
A i
5.
r
A B
VA – VB = E – iR < E
A V
A V
6.
V
V
Equaivalent resistance decrease so current will increases.
VA + VV = V
Due to change, VA increases so voltmeter reading will decrease.
7. Equivalent resistance Req = 10  so current passing through battery and 3 resistance is

10
i= =1A Ans.
10
and current passing through 4  is 0.25 A
1 A
3 1A 3 2 4
10 V 1 A 1 A
2 2
8 8 4
1=r 1 A
4
2 2 2
8 8

1  2

r1 r2 1r2   2r1
8. VA – VB = Eeq = 1 1 = r  r
1 2

r1 r2
If 1 > 2 source 1 act as a source and 2 act as a load.
and V1 = 1 – ir1
V2 = 2 + ir2
1   2
V1 = V2 as i = r  r for 1 > 2
1 2
9. In parallel combination potential difference are same

So V1 + V2 = V3
Here V1 and V2 are in series but their resistances are different
So V1 = iR1
V2 = iR2
V1  V2
E R
10. Potential gradient x = ×
r R 100
Where R = resistance of potentiometer wire.
E
= x
2
E E R
 = × 
2 r R 100
50(r  R )
=
R
  > 50 cm. Ans.
 Balance length should be less than or equal to 100 cm
50(r  R )
  100   100  Rr Ans.
R
11.
Let potential of point D is x. by KCL at point D.

I1 + I2 + I3 = 0
x  70 x0 x  10
+ + =0
10 20 30
 6x – 420 + 3x + 2x – 20 = 0
 11x = 440
 x = 40 volt
40  70 40
 I1 = = – 3A , I2 = = 2A
10 20
40  10
I3 = = 1A
30
P = i2R
P = 32 × 10 + 22 × 20 + 12 × 30
P = 200 W
12. It is easier to start a car engine on a warm day than on a chilly cold day because the internal resistance of
battery decreases with rise in temperature and so current increases.
Power Loss = 2R ,  Power loss  I2
P
also P = V.   =
V
since for given power & line P & R are constant
P 2R 1
Power loss = 2R =  Power loss  2
V2 V
mica is good conductor of heat but bad conductor of electricity
PART - II
1. total charge passing through solution = 0.5 × 10 = 5 C.
5
no of electrons =
1.6  10 –19
on cathode 2 (Cu++ + 2 e–  Cu)
on anode ( 4 OH–  2H2O + O2 + 4e–)
1 0.5  10 1 25
no of Cu++ ions deposited v o{ksi= × 19
   1019
2 1.6  10 2 32
I=1A 25 Ig=20×10 ×30

-6
G
2.
S
Ig = 20 × 10–6 × 30 = 0.6 × 10–3 A

As we know
IgRg = S(I – Ig)
25 × 0.6 × 10–3 = S × (1 – 0.6 × 10–3)
15.0  10 3
S=  0.015  Ans.
1  0.6  10 3
For voltameter
V = (RA + R) i
Resistance of ammeter is
S  Rg
RA = S  R
g
RA ~ S = 0.015
V = (RA + R) i
1 = (0.015 + R) × 1
R = 0.985  Ans.

3. 4 = i × 10 × 103 .
4 120
i= 4 =
10 X  10 4
X + 10 = 30 × 104
4
X = 29 × 104 Ans.
4. Equivalent resistance
600  300
Req = 900 + = 900 + 200 = 1100 
600  300
900
220
220
i=
1100 300 V 600
220
V=  200
1100
V = 40 volt Ans.
5. (a) P = 40 W
h = 10 m
V = 200 litre
t=?
 = 90 %
mgh
× =P
t
m 40 4
= = kg/s. Ans.
t 10  10  0.9 9
(b) m = 200 × 103 × 10–3 kg
4
= t
9
1800 900
t= = = 450 sec. Ans.
4 2
6. E = 3.4 volt , r=3, RA = 2  , R = 100 .
i1 = 0.04 A , V=?, RV = ?
3.4
0.04 = 100 R V
3 2
100  R V
100 R V 3. 4
 5 + 100  R = = 85
V 0.04
 RV = 400  Ans.
100  400
V = 0.04 ×
500
V = 3.20 V Ans.
For ideal voltmeter

Rv 
3 .4 3 .4
i= =
3  2  100 105
3 .4 68
V = i × 100 = × 100 = V Ans.
105 21

E E
7. I1 =  r+R= I
r R 1
2E E
I2 =  2r + R = I
2r  R 2
E
r E
r
I3 =  R  R =
2 I3
2
To show that 3 I2 I3 = 2I1 (I2 + I3)
 
 2E E 
2E E E   = R.H.S
L.H.S = 3 × × =2 
2r  R r r R  2r  R r 
R  R
2  2 
1 E 2 r  R   2r  R 
3E =    3r + 3R = r + 2R + 2r + R
r R  2  
Hence its prove.
nr nE
8. =R  I=
m 2R
mE mE
mE  n 2 mn 2 2I
I’ = mr  R = m  m R  R = 2 2 = 2 2 ×
n n n R(m  n ) (m  n ) n
D C
F
E
9.
A B
By symmetry
Current in branches FD and CE are zero. Because potential defference across them is zero
D r C
r r
r
A B
r r r
F E
3r
Req = Ans.
5
10. Rg = 100 
Ig = 1 mA , S=?, I = 10 A , P = 1W
100 × 10–3 = (10 – 10–3) S

0.1
S= ~ 0.01 Ans.
10  10 3 
P = (10 – 10–3)2 × S = (10 – 10–3) × 0.1
 10 × 0.1 = 1 Watt
~

 Power dissipated is slightly less than 1W so its use is safe Ans.
E E
4= ...........(i), 4=
100  S 100  0.01
r r
100  S 100
E
1 2
1 =  r  100  s  1.5  ...........(ii) , +r= ,
100 4
 100  s 
From (i) & (ii)
E
1 = E  1. 5 , r = 0.49  Ans.
4
E = 2V Ans.
11. (a) VA = 6 V
VC = 2V Ans.
6 200
(b) E=x  4=×  = cm Ans.
100 3
(c) In secondary circuit current is zero Ans.
(d) 6 V, 6 – 7.5 = – 1.5 V, no such point D exists Ans.
50  200
12. (a) Req= 1 + 2 +
250
= 43
4.3
i= = 0.1 A Ans.
43
V = 40 × 0.1 = 4V Ans.
52  200
(b) Req= 1 +
252
252  10400
=
252
4.3  252 1083.6 1083 .6 200
i= =  iA =  = 0.08 A Ans.
252  10400 10652 10652 200  52
V= 4.3 – i × 1 = 4.2 V Ans.
13. (a) E = 6V , r =10  , r1 = 1

3
9V = 6 + i × 10  i=
10
i = 0.3 A Ans.
(b) When internal resistance r1 = 1 

9 = 6 + i1 × 1  i1 = 3 A Ans.
12
14. 2= R  R = 2000  = 2K , galvanometer
10000  R
will show deflection, as the temperature of wire wound
decreases, resistance decreases.

15. Circuit can be re-drawn as follows :
V
By the question V after each section drops to
2
i0 Req = V .................. (i)
also i0 R1 = V/2 ......... (ii)
from (i) & (ii)
2R1 = Req ............... (iii)
from the given circuit calculating the R equivalent we have
R 2R eq
R1 + R  R = Req
2 eq
or R1R2 + R1Req + R2Req = R2Req + R2eq

or R2eq – R1Req – R1R2 = 0
solving the equation we get
R1  R12  4R1R 2
Req =
2
R1  R12  4R1R 2
Rejecting the negative root we have Req =
2
Putting the value of Req in (iii) , we have
R1  R12  4R1R 2
2R1 =
2
or 4R1 = R1 + R12  4R1R 2
or 3R1 = R12  4R1R 2

or 9R12 = R12 + 4R1R2
R1 1
or R  2 Ans.
2
16. It follows from symmetry considerations that the initial circuit can be replaced by an equivalent one (as
shown).
R/2 R/2
Rx/2 R/2
R/2
R
A B
We replace the inner triangle consisting of an infinite number of elements by a resistor of resistance RA B / 2,
where the resistance RAB is such that RAB = Rx and RAB = a. After simplification, the circuit becomes a
system of series and parallel connected conductors. In order to find Rx, we write the equation
1
 RR x / 2   RR x / 2 
Rx = R  R  R  R / 2   R  R  
 x   R  R x / 2 
Solving the equation, we obtain
R( 7  1) a ( 7  1)
RAB = Rx = = Ans.
3 3


17. As, R=
A
i.e., resistance of wire is proportional to its lengths other factors being constant. So, resistance of wire.
AB or CD = 4 unit
Resistances of arm BC or AD = 3 unit
BC and AD = 3 unit
and resistance of diagonal AC = 5 unit
(Taking proportionality constant to be unity) Resistance R1 between AC is parallel combination of RADC , RAC
and RABC .
1 1 1 1 35
So, R  7  5  7 i.e., R1 = unit
1 17
Applying Kirchoff's laws for closed meshes BCAB and ADCA,
3( – 1) + 52 – 41 = 0
3 – 71 + 52 = 0 ........(i)
and 3(1 + 2) – 4( – 1 – 2) + 52 = 0
– 4 + 71 + 122 = 0 ........(ii)
Adding Eqs.(i) and (ii)

2 =
17
Substituting for 2 in Eq.(i)
8
1 =
17
If R2 is the effective resistance between points B and D,
RBD = 41 + 3(1 + 2) = 71 + 32
Substituting for 1 and 2 ,
8  3 59
RBD = 7 .  , i.e. RBD = units
17 17 17
RBD 59
R AC = 35 Ans.
2nd method
I
4
D
I1
5
3 3
(2I1–I) (I–I1)
(I–I1)
4 I1 B I
V
– 4I1 – 5 (2 I1 – I) + 3 (I – I1) = 0 ........(i)

– V + 3 (I – I1) + 4 I1 = 0 ........(ii)
59
(i) and (ii)  V= I
17
59
 RBD = units
17

18. (a) Let thermal energy QA generated when coil A is switched on
V2 V2
QA = tA = 10
RA RA
Let thermal energy QB generated when coil B is switched on
V2 V2
QB = tB = 20
RB RB
since QA = QB
V2 V2
we have 10 = 20
RA RB
or 2RA = RB
V2 V2
when A & B are connected in series thermal energy QS = R t S = t
eq (R A  R B )
when A & B are in parallel
V2 V 2 t P (R A  R B )
QP = R' t P =
eq (R A RB )
QS = QP = QA = QB
V 2tS V2
 = 10
R A  RB RA
(R A  RB ) 3R A
or tS = 10 RA = R A 10 = 30 minutes
(b) QP = QA
V 2 t P (R A  RB ) V2
or = 10
(R A RB ) RA
3R A 10
or tp = R
2R 2A A
20
or tp = minutes
3

TOPIC : CAPACITANCE
EXERCISE -1
PART - I
SECTION (A) :
A-1. Q1 = 30C, C1 = 5F
Q1 30
(i) V1 = C = = 6V Ans.
1 5
6 2
1 Q2 1 (30  10 )
(ii) U = = = 90 J Ans.
2 C 2 (5  10  6 )
Q2 50
(iii) Q2 = 50C, C2 = 10 F, V2 = C = = 5V..
2 10
Q1  Q 2 30  50 16
(a) Common potential V = C C = = V Ans.
1 2 5  10 3
1 C1C 2 1 5  10 5
(b) H = (V – V2) = (6 – 5)2 = J Ans.
2 C1  C 2 1 2 5  10 3
Q1' C1 5 1
(c) = C = = Ans.
Q'2 2 10 2
16 80
(d) Q1' = C1V = 5 × = C
3 3
16 160
Q2' = C2V = 10 × = C.
3 3
A-5. The electric force between the plates will be balanced by the additional weight
Q2 C2 V 2
hence mg = =
2A 0 2A 0
0 AV 2
mg =
2d2
0 AV 2 0 100 10 4 (5000 )2

m= =
2d2 g 2 (5 10 3 )2 10
m = 4.425 g Ans.
SECTION (B) :
B-1. at t = 0, C is replace by wire.

(a) Vrmax =  (b) i =
R
at t , C is replace by broken wire and now current in circuit = 0, so
1 2
(c) VC =  (d) UC = C
2
 2
(e) Pbattery = i V =  =
R R
2
(f) H = .
R
RESONANCE SOLN_Capacitance - 49
B-3. (VA – Vo)C1 + (VB – Vo)C2 + (VD – Vo)C3 = 0
VA C1  VB C 2  VDC 3
Vo = C1  C 2  C3
10  1  25  2  20  3
= = 20 V Ans.
1 2  3
Section (C) :
C-1. Q1 = C1V = 1 × 20 = 20 C
Q2 = C2V = 2 × 20 = 40 C
Q3 = C3V = 3 × 20 = 60 C
Qt = 120 C
W battery = QtV = 120 × 20 = 2400 J
1 1 1 1
UC = C1V2 + C2V2 + C3V2 = (C1 + C2 + C3)V2
2 2 2 2
1
= (1 + 2 + 3) (20)2 = 1200 J.
2
C-4. Charge on 30F = 200 × 20 = 4000C

4000C
so VC – VB =
30F
400 700
 VC = 100 +  V
3 3
also charge on 20F
40 8000
= 200 ×  C
3 3
8000 / 3
so VD – VB =
20
400 700
VD = 100 +  V
3 3
 VC – VD = 0
C-6. (i) Let equivalent capacitance = Ceq.

infinite ladder can be shown as :
Now Ceq of this ladder,
6 Ceq
Ceq = 6  C + 8
eq
by solving it,
Ceq2 – 8 Ceq – 48 = 0
Ceq = 12 F or –4 F
neglecting –ve answer,
Ceq = 12 F.
12 Ceq
(ii) Ceq. = 12  C + 16
eq
on solving ,
Ceq = 24 F
SECTION (D) :
D-1. V = V0(1 – e–t/RC)
6
4 = 12( 1 – e110 / 10C
)
3 10 7 10 7
n =  C= F = 0.25 F.
2 C n3 / 2
D-3. For charging

–6 3
q1 = CV(1 – e–t/RC) = 20 × 10–4 (1 – e–16/200 × 10 × 40 × 10 )
= 20 × 10–4 (1 – e–2)
For discharging
q2 = q1e–t/RC
16 / 20010 6  40 10 3
= 20 × 10–4 (1 – e–2) e
( e 2  1)
= 20 × 10–4 (1 – e–2) e–2 = 20 × 10–4
e4
= 233.55 C Ans.
D-6. In steady state equivalent circuit is

5
Ceq = F Q = 250F
2
150
VA = + VB  VA – VB = 25 V
6
150
VB = + VC  VB – VC = 75 V
2
SECTION (E) :
Q Q d
E-1. V=  ; R=
C K 0 A A
d
(we can treat dielectric as a resistance between the capacitor plates)
V Q A Q
i=  . = K  Ans
R K 0 A d 0
d
E-4. Let distance between the plates = d

18 × 106 × d = 4000
4000
d=
18  106
r A o
Now C=
d
8.85  10 12  A  2.8

7.0 × 10–2 × 10–6 = 4000
1810 6
Solving, We get A = 0.62 m2
E-5.
Q1  V1 1  Q 
V1 = =  E1 = = .  E= =
kC k 1 d k 1 d dC 2d
2 1
E1 = E  (1 + k) time decrease
(k  1) 2
kC C C (2k  k  1) 1 (k  1)
q = Q1 – Q =  =  q = C .
k 1 2 2(k  1) 2 (k  1)
PART - II
SECTION (A) :
A-1. (A) Qt = Q1 + Q2 = 150C
Q1' C1 1
= C =  Q1 = 50C
Q'2 2 2
Q2 = 100C
25C charge will flow from smaller to bigger sphere .
A-4. (B) Isolated capacitor  Q = constant

separation d increase  C = decrease
Q = CV  V = increase
SECTION (B) :
B-4. As battery is disconnected, charge remains constant in the work process.
Work done = final potential energy – initial potential energy
Q2 Q2
= –
2 C´ 2C
Q2  1 1
=  – 
2  C´ C 
A o V A o A o
Where , Q = CV = , C= & C´ = 2 d
d d
0 AV 2
Now, work done = Ans. is (D)
2d
B-7.
Total charge = 4 CV – CV = 3 CV
Now, let it is distributed as shown, potential across the capacitors is same
q 3 CV – q
So, 2 C =  q = 2 CV
C
Q12 Q22 C2 V 2 4C 2 V 2 3 CV 2
Total potential energy = + = + =
2 C1 2 C2 2C 2 2C 2
SECTION (C) :
C-1. Charge on each capacitor will be same. In steady state current through capacitor will be zero
10
current in steady state =i= = 2 amp
5
potential across AB = iR = 2 × 4 = 8 V.
Potential across each capacitor = 4 V
on each plate Q = C V = 3 × 4 = 12 C
1 1 1 1
C-4. (B) C  3  3  3  C1 = 1 F, C2 = 2 + 1 = 3 F
1
Ceq = 1F.
15 47
C-6. Ceq = +4= F
8 8
q q
 =8  q = 15C
3 5
Charge on 2F
q1 15 – q1 30
  q1 = = 6.0C Ans.
2 3 5
1 1 1 1 1
C-8. = + + +
C eq 8 2 2 2
1 3 4
= +
8 2 4
1 13 8
=  Ceq. = F
C eq 8 13
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
C eq 6 2 2 4
1 17 12
=  Ceq. =
C eq 12 17
1 1 1
= + ×4
C eq 6 2
1 13 6
=  Ceq = F
C eq 6 13
1 1 1 1
= + +
C eq 10 2 2
1 10
= F
C eq 11
SECTION (D) :
D-1. (i) q0 = 4C
dq q0 4  10 6 4
i= = e–t/RC = e 1/ 3 = e –1/ 3 C/sec
dt RC 1 10  6  3  10 6 3
q02
(ii) U = (1 – et/RC)2
2C
dU q02
= (1 – e–t/RC) e–t/RC
dt RC 2
( 4  10 6 )2
= (1 – e–1/3) e–1/3
3  10 6  (1 10  6 )2
16
= (1 – e–1/3) e–1/3 J/sec.
3
dH
(iii) H =  i2Rdt  = i2R
dt
2
dH  4  16 –2/3
= i0 2 Re 2 t / RC =   3 × 106 e–2/3 = e J /s
dt  3  10 6  3
dU dq0
(iv) (C) U = qV  = V (1 – e–t/RC)
dt dt
dU q0 V –t/RC
= e
dt RC
4  10 6  4
= e–1/3
3  10 6  1 10 6
16 –1/3
= e J/sec.
3
D-3.
Q2
energy stored in capacitor =
2C
d  Q2  Q dQ Qi
Rate at which energy is stored =
 
dt  2 C  = C . dt = C
 
Q = C {1 – e–t/RC }
 e  t / RC
i=
R
2 2
Rate of energy storage = {1 –e–t/RC} {e–t/RC} = {e–t/RC – e–2t/RC} ......... (1)
R R
It will be maximum when, e–t/RC –e–2tRC will be maximum let y (t) = e–t/RC – e–2t/RC
for maximum ,
y´ (t) = 0
 e  t / RC 2 e 2 t / RC
y´(t) = +
RC RC
1
e  t / RC = 2
putting it back in eq. (1)

2

 2  1 –  1   2 (20 )2
(i) maximum rate of energy storage = = = =10 J/s Ans. is (A)
R  2  2   4 R 4  10
1
(ii) This will occur when , e–t/RC =
2
t 1
= n
RC 2
t = RC n 2 = 10 × 100 × 10–6 × n2 = (n 2) ms Ans. is (C)
D-7. (i) (B) at t0 ; q = q0 = 60 C

6
/ 1010 6 10 60
(ii) (C) q = q0e–t/RC = 60 × 10–6 e 10010 = C = 22 C.
e
3 60
(iii) (A) q = q0e–t/RC = 60 × 10–6 e 110 / 1010 6 10 = C = 0.003 C.
e10
SECTION (E) :
0 A 2 0 A
E-1. C = = = 2C.
d/ 2 d
V
E-3. E=  remains constant
d
C = KC  Increase
Q’ = KQ  Increase
1
U= KCV2 = KU  Increase
2
E-6.
Here, Potential difference on the capacitor will depend on emf of battery i.e., 4V (C)
E-10. Case – I When dielectric slab of dielectric constant K enters in to the capacitor.
At any time t, there will be two capacitors are in parallel combination - one with air and other with
dielectric slab.
C(t) = Cair + Cslab
0 A (L – Vt) K 0 A (Vt)
= 
Ld Ld
0 A
= [ L – (K – 1) Vt] (linear function of t )
Ld
0 A
Its slope = M C(t) = (K – 1) V
Ld
Case – II When dielectric slab of dielectric constant 2K also enters into the capacitor.
C' (t) = Cslab 1 + Cslab 2

0 AK (L – Vt) 0 A2K Vt
= 
Ld Ld
K 0 A
= [L + Vt] (linear function of t)
Ld
0 AKV
Its slope = MC' (t) =
Ld
As = M C' (t) > MC (t)
and both C(t) and C'(t) are linear function of 't' hence variation of capacitance with time be best represented
by (B)
EXERCISE :- 2
PART - I
C1C 2 a 2 o
1. Ceq. can be written as Ceq. = C  C =
1 2 d1  d2
a 2 o V
charge on plate Q = CeqV =
d1  d2
Q o V
surface charge density =  = =
a2 d1  d2
   V
electric field = + = =
2 o 2 o o d1  d2
Ve
electric force = d  d
1 2
Ve
acceleration of electrons = d1  d2 m
a
in X axis a = ut t=
u
1
in Y axis  × acceleration × t2 = d2
2
Ve t 2 Ve a 2
= d2 = d2
2(d1  d2 ) m 2(d1  d2 ) m u 2
1
 Ve a 2  2
u=  
 2d2 m(d1  d2 ) 
4. Q = CV = 2 × 12 = 24C
Q1 C1 1 Q1  Q2
Q2 C2 2 , Q1 + Q2 = 24C , V = C  C = 4 Volt
 
1 2
(a) Q1 = 8C, Q2 = 16C Ans
1 1
(b) U1 = C1V2 = × 2 × (4)2 = 16J Ans
2 2
1 1
U2 = C2V2 = × 4 × (4)2 = 32J Ans
2 2
1
(c) H = (Ui)system – (Uf) system = × 2 × 122 – (16 + 32) = 96J
2
7. It can be seen that during the time interval from 0 to t0 , the voltage across the capacitor is zero, the charge
on it is also zero, there is no current through it and hence VCD is zero during this time interval (fig.). During the
time interval from t0 to 2t0, the voltage across the capacitor and hence the charge on its plates, grows linearly
and hence a direct current passes through the circuit. This means that the voltage VCD is constant. During
the time interval from 2t0 to 3t0 , the voltage across the capacitor does not change. Hence current does not
flow, and VCD is zero. Finally, during the time interval from 3t0 to 5t0 , the capacitor is discharged, the current
through the resistor is negative and constant and its magnitude is half the value of the current during the time
interval from t0 to 2t0.
10. The distribution of charges is shown in figure In closed loop (CDEFC)
q (q – q1)
E – – 0 .....(i)
C1 C2
q1 q1 q – q1
In closed loop (ABCFA) – C – C  C 0
1 2 2
q q q q
or – 1– 1 – 1  0
C1 C 2 C 2 C 2
q  2 1 
or  q1  
C2 C
 2 C1
 2C  C2 
or q   1  q1 .....(ii)
 C1 
q q q1
From Eq.(i), we get E – C – C  C  0
1 2 2
q  C  C2 
or E  1  q 1 

C2  C1C2 
q  2C  C2   C1  C2 
or E  1   1  q1
  CC 

C2  C1   1 2 
( 2C1  C2 ) (C1  C2 ) q1
EC 2  q1 
or C12
(2C12  2C1C2  C1C2  C22 ) q1

or EC2  – q1
C12
 2C2  3C C  C2 – C2 
 1 2 1 q
EC2   1 2
 1
2
C1
 
EC2C12
q1 =
C12  3C1C2  C22

– q1 q1
VA – VB = C  C
2 2
E
EC12 2
C2 C2
= = 1 3
C12  3C1C2  C22

C1 C2
1
E  C2 
= = 10V     2 .
1  3  2  C1 
Q–q q
13. At time t usingKVL – –iR = 0
C 2C
q dq t dt
2Q – 3q dq
– R=0   
2C dt 0 2Q – 3q 0 2RC
3t 3t 
1  2Q – 3q  t 2Q – 3q – 2Q 
1 – e – 2RC 
n     e 2RC  q=
–3  2Q  2RC 2Q 3  
 
1
16. Potential energy = (C1 + C2) V2
2
1 o xb o K (  – x )b 
=    V2
2  d d 
U V 2 dC
F=– =–
x 2 dx
–1 d C
F= V2
2 dx
dC o b
where , d x = {1 – K}
d
1V 2 o b (K – 1)
F=
2 d
at equilibrium , F = Ks x
F 0 bv 2 (K  1)
x= k =
s 2dK S
x  xd
20. take ‘dx’ element at x distance a y = ; y =
d 
K 2 b dx o K 2 o b dx
dC1 = y =
xd
K1 bo dx K1 bo dx 
dC2 = d – y = d – x 
dC1 and dC2 are in series, so their equivalent
dC1 dC2 K1 K 2 b  o dx
dC = dC  dC =
1 2 d (K1 – K 2 ) x  K 2 
Now, we can consider there parallel slabs to the parallel in circuit combination
Ceq. = dC1 + dC2 + dC3 + dC4
=  dC

K1K 2 b o dx
=  d (K1 – K 2 )x  K 2
o
K1 K 2 bo
= d(K – K ) {ln  K1 – ln K2 }
1 2
K1 K 2 b K1 K1 K 2 b K2
C = d(K – K ) ln K = d(K – K ) n K
1 2 2 2 1 1
22. Charge after distribution
q 1 A 0 500  10 – 4  8.85  10 –12

charge on outer plate =  nC ;C =  = 50 pF
2 2 d 8.85  10 – 3
1
charge on outer surface of upper plate is = nC = 0.5nC Ans
2
q 0.5  10 –9
V=  = 10V Ans
C 50  10 –12
PART - II
1. Charge on C0 , Q1 = C0V0,
Initial charge on C1, Q2 = 0
Q1  Q2 C0 V0 C02
Common potential V1 = C  C 
C  C0  Q 1 = C0V1 = C  C0 V0
1 2
2
C0 V1  C0  C 30
Similarly V2 =   V 0  Q 2 = C 0V 2 = V0
C  C0  C  C0 
 (C  C 0 ) 2
n  V 1/ n 
 C0   0 – 1 C
for n times n Vn =   V =V  C=   Ans
 0  V   0
 C  C0   
4.
E1 E 2

r1 r2 E1 r2  E 2 r1
 2 R    0 r1 r2
 E= 1 1 r1  r2 =  E = 2 , req = r  r = 0
 0R 1 2
r1 r2
Equivalent battery
2
imax =
R
for Qmax 
2 3  2 
i=  i2 = , i1 = , i3 = i4 =
2R / 3 R R R 2R
potential on C = potential on 2R resistance = i3 × 2R = 
Qmax  C RC
charge on capacitor Qmax = CV = C  = i 2 / R

2 Ans
max
1 1 1 1
6. (i) C   C  C  C  C1 = 1F
1 1 1 2
C2 = C2 + C1 = 3F  Ceq = 1F Ans
(ii)
Ceq = 1F Q = Ceq V = 900F

charge on nearest capacitor = 900F Ans
(iii) from point potential method
Vc – Vd = 100V Ans
9.
Qfirst = Qlast = CE
Q first
Ratio = Q = 1.
last
14. Theoritical capacitance = , because d become zero
15. (i) outer sphere is earthed

4 0 kab 4  3.14  8.85  10 –12  5  10  10 –2  120  10 –2
C= 
b–a (12 – 10)  10 – 2
10
C = 3.34 × 10–10 = × 10–10 F
3
(ii) inner sphere is earthed
4 0 ab
C= + 40 b
b–a
10
= × 10–10 F + 4 × 3.14 × 8.85 × 10–12 × 12 × 10–2
3
= 3.34 × 10–10 + 0.13338 × 10–10
 10 1 .4  104
=  3  10  × 10–10 = × 10–10 F
  30
18.* In PQS process charge on capacitor is Q = CV
In PSQ process charge on capacitor is Q = KCV
1
Electric energy stored in PQS is = CV2
2
1
Electric energy stored in PSQ is = KCV2
2
UPSQ > UPQS
V
Electric field in PS is E =
d
V
Electric field in SP is E =
d
EPS = ESP
2C
20.* equivalent capacitance before switch closed is Ceq = ,
3
2CE
Total charge flow through the cell is q =
3
equivalent capacitance after switch S closed is Ceq = 2C
Total charge flow through the cell is q = 2CE
2CE 4CE
Therefore some positive charge flow through the cell after closing the switch is = qf – qi = 2CE – 
3 3
0 A K 0 A 0 KAV
23*. C= , C' = Q = CV = Ans
d d d
V V1 V
Q = CV = C1V1  V1 = E=  Ans
K d Kd
2
1 1 1 0 AV 2 1 K 0 A  V  0 AV 2  1
W = Uf – Ui = CV2 – C1V12 = 2
–   = 1 –  Ans
2 2 2 d 2 d K  2d  K 
26. In shown fig. C2 and C3 are parallel capacitor therefore V2 = V3 .

Charge Q1 flow through battery and gone to C1 and divided into C2 and C3
V2  V3
Q1 = Q2 + Q3 , total potential V = V1 + V2 = V1 + V3 = V1 +
2
EXERCISE:- 3
1. The initial charge on capacitor = CVi = 2 × 1 C = 2 C
The final charge on capacitor = CVf = 4 × 1 C = 4 C
 Net charge crossing the cell of emf 4V is
qf – qi = 4 – 2 = 2 C
The magnitude of work done by cell of emf 4V is
W = (qf – qi) 4 = 8 J
The gain in potential energy of capacitor is
1 2 2 1
U = C ( Vf  Vi ) = 1 × [42 – 22] J = 6 J
2 2
Net heat produced in circuit is
H = W – U = 8 – 6 = 2 J
5. When C3 =  , there will be no charge on C2

As V1 = 10 V therefore V = 10 V
From graph when C3 = 10 F V1 = 6 V V C1
Charge on C1 = Charge on C2 + Charge on C3
6C1 = 4C2 + 40 C .... (1) C1 6V
Also when C3 = 6 F, V1 = 5V
Again using charge equation 10V
C2 4V 10 F
5C1 = 5C2 + 30 C ....(2)

Solving (1) and (2) C1 5V
C1 = 8  F 10V
C2 = 2  F. C2 5V 6 F
9. If potential difference across an isolated charged capacitor is doubled by doubling separation between plates,
Q2
the energy stored is capacitor from U = becomes double of previous value. Hence statement 1 is false.
2C
12. Statem ent- 1 is Tr ue, Statem ent- 2 is True; Statem ent- 2 is a c or r ec t ex planation f or
Statement-1
14. Total charge will remain unchanged.
C KC
+ _ + _
2C 2C
_ _
+ +
V V'
Hence, Q = Q’
or 3CV = (KC +2C) V’
 3 
 V’ =  V
K  2
(ii) Five identical capacitor plates, each of area A, are arranged such that adjacent plates are at a distance
d apart, the plates are connected to a source of emf V as shown in the figure
The charge on plate 1 is ......... and on plate 4 is ..........

0 AV 2 0 AV
Ans. ,–
d d
EXERCISE:- 4
1. U = decrease in potential energy
= Ui – Uf
2
1 1  V1  V2  1
= C(V12 + V22) – (2C)   = C(V1 – V2)2
2 2  2  4
4. By KVL in loop ABCFA
q
V – i R1 – =0 ....(1)
C
By KVL in loop CDEFC
q
– (i – i1) R2 + =0 ...(2)
C
 q 1 q
by equation (1) and (2) eliminate i – R2  V   R + i1 R2 + =0
 C 1 C
dq R2 V q dq q
 i1 =  – + CR R2 + R2 + =0
dt R1 1 dt C
t Q Q
 R2 1 R V dq R 2 dq R 2 dq
 q    – 2 = – R2  dt =  =  aq  b
 CR 1 C  R 1 dt 
0 0
 R 1 R V
q  2    2 0
 CR1 C  R1
at
R2 1 R2 V R2 aQ  b b 
R2
[ where a = CR  C and b = R ]  – t = ln  Q = (1  e )
1 1 a b a
R 2 VC (R1  R 2 )
 Q0 = R  R & = CR1R 2
1 2
6. Time constant =  = RC
Let thickness of dielectric filled is x at time t.
 A  0   KA  0 
  
C1C 2  d  x  x 
C = C C = A 0 A 0
1 2  C
d x x
d R
d
KA 0  d  3
C = x  K (d  x )  x  – Vt 
 3 
RK A  0
= d  d 
 Vt  K  d   Vt 
3  3 
A=1 K=2
3  2R 0 6R  0
 = d  3 Vt  6d  2d  6 Vt =
5d  3 Vt
PART - II :
2
1. Work done by battery = (CV) V = CV
1
Energy stored in capacitor = CV2
2
1
Energy stored in capacitor CV 2
2 1
= 
Work done by battery CV 2 2
Correct choice is (4)
q02 q20 e 2t1 / ô U0 q02 1

4. U0 = U= = =  e  2 t1 / ô 
2C 2C 2 4C 2
ô
t1 = n2 ....(1)
2
and q = q0 e  t 2 / ô
q0
= q0 e  t 2 / ô ,
4
1
e t2 / ô 
4
t2 = 2 ln 2 ....(2)
t1 1

t2 4
7. Q = c0 e–t/cR
4 = 40 –t/
 = 0 –t/
When t = 0  0 = 25
 = 0 = 25
when t = 200  =5
200

5 = 25 e 
200
ln 5 = 
200 200
= =
n5 n10  n2
200
=
n10  0.693
Alternative :
Time constant is the time in which 63% discharging is completed.
So remaining charge = 0.37 × 25 = 9.25 V
Which time in 100 < t < 150 sec.
PART - I
1._
11c
Get Ceq =
5
11 c
Charge flow = Ceq  = .
5
KQ KQ
2._ VB = 
d b
KQ KQ
VA = 
a d
 1 1 2
VA – VB = KQ    
a b d
Q 1 1 2
=  
4  0  a b d 
4  0
Q
or  1 1 2
VA  VB = C =    
a b d
3._
Rearrange the circuit
Ceq = 4F
4.
Minimum 4 capacitors required as shown in figure
RESONANCE SOLN CAPACITANCE - 66

5. C1 VP C2 C1 and C2 are in series, charge on each will remain same.
O E
P (VP – 0) . C1 = (E – VP) C2
VQ
E C 2E
C3 –Q +C4 VP = C  C
O E 1 2
E C3 & C4 are in series, charge on each will remain same,
(VQ – 0) . C3 = (E – VQ) . C4
C 4E
VQ = (C  C )
3 4
(C 2C 3 – C1C 4 ) E
Hence VP – VQ = (C  C ) (C  C )
1 2 3 4
C C
C C
A B
C C
6. =
C C
(by symmetry we can remove the capacitor because potential difference across it is zero)
C
Ceq = 4 × = 2C
2
7. Ceq. = 4F
1
Total energy stored = U = C V2
2 eq.
1
= × 4 × (2)2
2
U = 8 µJ = 8 × 10–6 J
9µF
A 5µF B 1 1 1 1
8. 8µF 12µF C eq = 8 + 24 + 12  Ceq = 4µF
10µF
VA – VB = 60 V
q = Ceq (VA – VB) = 240 µC
240
Charge on 5µF Capacitor = × 5 = 50 µC
24
9. 10µF Charge at steady state q0 = 20 µC

q = q0 (1 – e  t /  )
3
2v R q = 12.6 = 20 (1 – e 5010 /  )
and  = RC = 50 × 10–3  R = 5 K

10. 
C1 C2 C3 C4
K 1 0 A K 20 A K 30 A K 4 0 A
C1 = d1 , C 2
= d2 , C 3
= d3 , C 4
= d4
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
C eq C1 C2 C3 C4
1 d1 d2 d3 d4
= + + +
C eq K 1 0 A K 2  0 A K 3  0 A K 4  0 A
0A
Ceq =
 d1 d 2 d3 d 4 
    
K1 K 2 K 3 K 4 
0 A
11. Capacitance of capacitor without dielectric, C0 =
d
Capacitance of capacitor with dielectric, C
0 A 4 0 A.  r C 4r
C= = ((3  1)d  C = (3  1)
d/4 3d/4 3d d r 0 r

4 4 r
0 A 4 0 A.  r C 4r
C= = ((3  1)d  C = (3  1)
3d d r 0 r

4 4 r
12. At steady state, no current through the capacitor
hence
12 3 12V 2
current in circuit 1 = = A
8 2 2µF
4
VA – VB = 9 V A B
q = C (VA – VB) = 2 × 9 = 18 µC 6
V0 C  0
13. Common potential V = CC
x
+ V0 – V (C + Cx) = V0C
C V0
C + Cx = C
Cx V
 V0 
Cx = C  – 1
 V 
C( V0  V )
Cx =
V

14. the potential difference between end points may becomes zero.
the potential difference between end points may becomes 2V.
+V– +V–
A B C D
When terminal B is connected with terminal C
+V– +V–
VA – VD = 2V
A (B,C) D
When terminal B is connected with terminal D
+V– –V+
VA – VC = 0
A (B,D) C
The energy stored in the system remains same.
2Q Q Q
15. E0 = 2 A  2 A = 2 A
0 0 0
2Q Q 3Q
Ein = 2A   2A   Ein = 2A 
  
3 Q 3Q
Ein =  Eind = =V
2 Cd 2C
(ii) F = EQ
 2Q 2
 × (– Q) =  Q

F =  2 A  
   A 
Q2
F=
A 
2
1 1  3Q  9 Q2
(iii) Energy Z =  0 E2 Ad = 0   Ad = .
2 2  2C d 8 C
PART - II
1. (a) Charge on capacitor before connection
Q1 = CV1 = 4000 µC
Charge on capacitor after connection
Q2 = CV2 = 200 × 10 = 2000 µC
(b) Charge flown through the 10V battery = 4000 – 2000 = 2000 µC
(c) Work is done on the battery.
Work done = Q2 × V2 = 2000 × 10 = 20mJ.
(d) The decrease in electrostatic field energy.
1 1 1 1
= Ui – Uf = CV12 – CV22 = × 200 × (20)2 – × 200 (10)2
2 2 2 2
= 30 mJ
(e) W = U + H
– 20 mJ = – 30 mJ + H
[H = 10 mJ]

7
2. Equivalent capacitance = 0.7 F = F
10
1 1 1 1 1
C eq = 10 =
 
3 1 1
1 1 1
7 7 7/3 1 C 60C
2 + –+ – + –
3
420C 60C
Ceq = 0.7C can be obtain as shown in figure +– + –
1
 Three capacitors in series 180C
3 + –
2  2 capacitor in parallel.
180C
and now charge distaribute as shown in figure
15
3. When switch is open = Ceq. = µF 600V
2
15
qi = Ceq. V = × 200 = 1500 µC
2
When switch is closed
Ceq. = 30 µF
qf = 30 × 200 = 6000 µC
Charge flow through AB = qf – qi = 4500µC
= 4.5 × 10–3 C
0.1 F 1C
+ – +Q1 –Q1
4. Q = CV = 0.1 × 10 = 1C 0.1F
Q2 = Q1 = Q/2  
1
Uinitial = × 0.1 × (10)2 = 5 J
2 0.1 F +Q2 –Q2
10V
1
UizkjfEHkd = × 0.1 × (10)2 = 5 J
2
2 2
1 Q 1 Q Q2
Ufinal = + =
2 C 2 C C
2 2
1 Q 1 Q Q2
Uvafre = + =
2 C 2 C C
2
 1 10 5
=   × 10 = = J
2
  4 2
Uinitial 5
= =2
U final 2.5
C1 C2
+ –
5.
A B D C
2
 0 .1 
0    5 0
C1 =  2  =
4
2  10 3
2
 0.12 
0    6  0
C2 =  2  =
5
3  10 3
C1C 2 30 0 30
Ceq = =   17pF
C1  C 2 49 49  36  10 9

1
The energy stored U= C V2
2 eq
1
= × 17 × (120)2 × 10–12
2
= 122.4 n J
d/2 dx dx
d
6.
1 dx
=  K( x ). A  =
 0  x 
d
 x 
dC 0 1   A 0 + 2 1  ( d – x ) A 0
 0  0 
d/2 d
1  x  1   
n1   n 1  (d – x )
A 0  0  0 A 0  0
1  d/ 2
 =  +  ..
dC –
0 0
1 1  d  1  d 
 = n 1  2   + n 1  2  
dC A  0 A  0
A
Ceq = 2n1   d 
 
 2  0
Now Ceq = 2C0 (C0 = capacitance when it is without any dielectric)

A
= 2n1   d  = 2 0 A
 
 2 0  d
 d 
d = 40n 1  2  
 0 
This equation no solution gives required value of .
7. Given Q = (t + Q0)

Q t  Q0 t Q0
V= = = 
C C C C
Q0 
C
 tan=
C
8. (a) 
Both the batteries are in parallel

5 1
i= = A
25 5

(b) At steady state the capacitor will be fully charged.
1
Potential difference across capacitor v = × 20 = 4 V
5
1 1
Energy stored U = CV 2 = × 4 × (4)2 = 32 µJ
2 2
9. 
(i) Charge flown through the battery Q = Ceq. V = 240 µC

(ii) Charge on 4 µF capacitor = Q4F = 20 × 4 = 80 µC
Charge on 8 µF capacitor = Q8F = 20 × 8 = 160 µC
10. (a) 2µF By KCL
12 X Y
a 4
(x – 12)2 + (x – 0). + (x – 0) . 4 = 0
3
b
O O O 4x
2x – 24 + + 4x = 0
3
4x
6x + = 24
3
36
x= V
11
 36 
(Y – 0) 4 =  – Y × 2
 11 
 36 
(Y – 0) 2 =  – Y
 11 
36
2Y = –Y
11
 12 
 Y  11 V 
 
12
Va – Vb = V Ans.
11
q q
(b) –12 – + 24 – =0
2 4
q q
+ = 12
2 4
3q
= 12  q = 16 µC
4
q 16
Va – Vb = – =– = – 8 V Ans.
c 2

11. (a) 
8 16
Ceq = 8 + + = 16 µF
3 3
(b)
Here we can apply voltage symmetry.
Now this is a balanced wheat stone bridge.

16 32
Ceq = + = 16 µF
3 3
12.
Ceq = 2 F
13. Time constannt  = RC

 K 0 A
=  = K0
A 
Q CV 100  10 12  50
14. (a) E = KA  = KA  =
0 0 6  100  10  4  8.85  10 12
E = 9.4 K v/m
(b) The free charge on the plate Q = CV
= 50 × 100 × 10–12 C
= 5 × 10–9 C
 1  1 25
(c) Qv = Q  1   = 5 × 10–9 1   = × 10–9 C
 K   6  9

K1 C1 K 1 0 A K 2 0 A
15. (a) C1 = ; C2 =
K2 d/2 d/2
C2
1 1 1 d d
   
C eq C1 C 2 2K 1 0 A 2K 2 0 A
2K 1K 2 0 A
Ceq = d(K  K )
1 2
K 1 0 A K 2 0 A K 3 0 A
(b) K1 C1 C1 = ; C2 = ; C3 =
d/3 d/3 d/3
K2 C2
K3 C3 1 1 1 1 d d d
     
Ceq C1 C2 C3 3K1 0 A 3K 2 0 A 3K 3 0 A
3K 1K 2K 3 0 A
Ceq = d(K K  K K  K K )
1 2 2 3 3 1
C1 C2
K 1 0 A K 2 0 A
(c) C1 = ; C2 =
K1 K2 2d 2d
K 1 0 A K 2 0 A
Ceq = C1 + C2 = +
2d 2d
0 A
Ceq = (K1 + K2)
2d
16. Before opening the switch potential difference across both the capcitors is V, as they are in paralle. Hence,
energy stored in them is,
1
UA = UB = CV2  UTotal = CV2 = Ui ........... (1)
2
After opening the switch, potential difference across it is V and its capacity is 3C
1 3
 UA = (3C)V2 = CV2
2 2
In case of capacitor B, charge strored in it is q = CV and its capacity is also 3C. Therefore,
q2 CV 2
UB = =
23C  6
3CV 2 CV 2 10 5CV 2
 UTotal = + = CV2 = = Uf .......... (2)
2 6 6 3
From Eqs.(1) and (2)
Ui 3

Uf 5

17.
K 1 0 A K 2 0 A K K 
(a) Ceq = C1 + C2 = + = 0 A  1  2 
d1 d2  d1 d2 
Q CV  K1 K 2 
(b) Surface charge denisity = = = 0 V  d  d 
A A  1 2 
1 0 K 1V 2
(c) Energy density in medium K1 = K 1 0 E 2 =
2 2d12
k 0 A 0 A
18. CA = 
2d 2d
0 A 8.85  10 –12  0.04

(i) CA = (k  1)  (9  1) = 2 × 10–9 F = 2nF
2d 2  8.85  10 – 4
1 1
UA = C AV2 = × 2 × 10–9 × (110)2 = 121 × 10–7 J = 12.1J Ans
2 2
(ii) W = Uf – Ui
0 A C 2 2  10 –9  2
Cair =  A  = 0.4nF Q = CAV = 2 × 10–9 × 110 = 0.22C
d (k  1) 10
1 Q2 1 (0.22  10 –6 )2
Uf = 2 C  2 = 60.5µJ, Ui = 12µJ  W = 48.5µJ Ans
air (0.4  10 – 9 )
k 0 A 9  8.85  10 –12  0.02

(iii) CA = 0.4 nF, QA = 0.22C, CB =  = 18 × 10–10 F = 1.8 nF
d 8.85  10 – 4
total ch arg e 0.22  10 –6

common potential V = total capaci tan ce  = 100V
(0.4  1.8 )  10 – 9
1 1 1
U= C AV2 + C BV2 = (CA + CB) V2
2 2 2
1
= ( 0.4 + 1.8) × 10–9 (100)2 = 11J Ans
2

19. Equivalent circuit diagram
 from part (a)
20 27
Resultant capacitance = 1 F
7 7
20. If capacitance of C is equal to 12F. Then equivalent capacitance of the ladder between points A and B is
becomes in dependent of the number of section in between points.
6C
 +8=C
6C
 C2 – 8C – 48 = 0  C = 12 µF

MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT AND
MAGNETIC FORCE ON CHARGE OR CURRENT
EXERCISE :-1
PART - I
SECTION (A) :
A-2.
 
 0 vr
B = q
4 r3
 
(i) at (2, 0, 0) v r so B = 0
 0 vr
(ii) at (0, 2, 0) B = q 3 k̂ = (10–13) k̂
4 r
 0 vr
(iii) at (0, 0, 2) B = q 3 ( ĵ ) = (10–13) ( ĵ )
4 r

(iv) at (2, 1, 2) r  2 î + ĵ + 2 k̂

 0 v  r  4
B = q = × 10–13 (– 2 ĵ + k̂ )
4 r3 27
(v) on y2 + z2 = c2
magnitude is constant
 
as v  r = vr at all points
 
but direction keeps on changing as direction of v  r . (Yes / No )
(vi)
Still exactly in the similar fashion as in the privious problem. (Yes, No )
RESONANCE SOLN_Magnetic effect of current and magnetic force on charge or current - 77

A-3.
qv
(i) i = qf =
2 R
 0i  0 qv
Bcentre = = Inwards
2R 4R 2
(ii)
 
  0 q (v  r )
B =
4 r3
r 2 = x 2 + R2
  
direction of B is along v  r
Which keeps on changing as the particle revolves.
SECTION (B) :
B-1.
Bdue to L = Bdue to M = 0 at 0
 0i
Bdue to P = Bdue to Q = both out of paper
4d
 0i
BNet = out of paper
2d
= 10–4 wb/m2

B-3. (i)
 0i
B1 = B2 =
2d
BNet = 3 B1
2  10 –7  10
= 3 ×
0.1
= 2 3 × 10–5 tesla
(ii)
BNet = B1
= 2 × 10–5 tesla
B-7.
 0i
B = 4 [cos 450 + cos 450]
4d
 0i 1
= 4 a [2 × ]
4 2
2
 0i
= 2 2 into the plane of paper .
a

SECTION (C) :
C-1. (i) (a)
 0N1I  0N2 I  0 I  N1  N2 
BNet = 2r1 + 2r2 =  
2  r1 r2 
4  10 –7  1  20 
=  –2 
2  10 
= 8  × 10 wb/m2
–4
(b)
 0N1I  N I
BNet = – 0 2 = 0
2r1 2r2
(ii)
2 2
BNet = B1  B 2 = 2 B1
2  0N1I
= = 4 2  × 10–4 T
2r1
SECTION (D)
D-1.
B due to st. part RS = B due to st. part PQ = 0 at ‘c’
0I
B due to curved part QR = 4R out of paper
1
0 I
B due to curved part SP = 4R into the paper
2
0 I  1 1   0i 
BNet =    = 4 2  4  2 
4  R1 R 2  4R  

0 I  I  I
[k̂ ] + 0 [ î ] + 0 [k̂ ]

D-4. (a) B =
4R 4R 4R
0 I
= [   î  2k̂ ]
4R
0 I  I  I
[k̂ ] + 0 [ î ] + 0 [ î ]

(b) B =
4R 4R 4R
0I  1   1 
= 1  ( î )   k̂ 
4R      
0I 30 I1 1 0 I 2  I
[ î ] + 0 [ ĵ]

(c) B = [k̂ ] + [ î ] +
4R 8R 8 R 4R
3  1 
i1   = i2  
4  4 
i2 = 3i1
 0 I
So B = [  ĵ  k̂ ]
4R
SECTION (E) :
E-1.

 B.dl = 
Bl + Bl = [n l i]
 0 ni
B = Ans.
2
E-3. (top view)
(a) loop (1)

 r
B  2  = (0)
 2
B = 0
(b) loop (2)
 5r 
B  2  = i
 4
2 0 i
B =
5 r
E-6 (a) BNet = 0

 0k
 0ni =
2
k
i =
2n
2
2 0 k 2 µ k
(b) BNet =  0 n2 i2   2.µ0 ni. 0 cos 60 º
4 2
0k
= 3
2
and one more at an angle of 120º
2
2 0 k 2 µ k
BNet =  0 n 2 i2   2.µ0ni. 0 cos 120 º
4 2
0 K
=
2
SECTION (F) :
1
F-1. qV = mv2
2
mv 2
qvB =
r
q v2
=
m 2V
mv v 2V 2V
r = = × 2 =
qB B v Bv
= 12cm Ans.
F-4.
(a) B = B1 + B2
 0i1  0i 2
= +
2(5) 2( 2)
0  I
= ( 2 .5 ) + 0
10  4
F = evB
F
B =
ev
3.2  10 20
=
1.6  10 19  4  10 5
= 5 × 10–7
Solving I = 4A
(b) Net field at R = 5 × 10–7 
To produce zero net field , field due to third wire = 5 × 10–7 
0I
= 5 × 10–7 r = 1m
2 r
Two possible positions
1. Current into the plane of paper 1m from R at S pt.
2. Current out of the plane of paper 1m from R at T pt.

  
F-7. F = q ( v B )
   
F  B  a is  to B
 
So a . B = 0
7x – 21 = 0
x = 3.0
mv 2km
F-10. r = =
qB qB
2km 182
B = = × 10–4 T
qr 4

f =
2
2k
V m
= =
2 r 2 r
8
= × 108 rps.
 91
F 13.
mv
(a) r =
qB

(b) Angle Subtended by the arc =
2
(c)  = t
 qBt m
=  t =
2 m 2qB
(d)
mv 3
r =  =
qB 2
 3m
t = =
 2qB

F-17
mg
mg = qVB V = = 50 m/s
qB
SECTION (G) :
G-1.
mV
r =
qB
5  10 12  1 10 3  0.9
= = 18cm
5  10  6  5  10 3
Diameter = 36cm
2r 2m
T= V =
 qB
2r
P = V cos  ×
V sin 
= 2cot  r = 56cm.
.1 2m
G-3 t = , T =
V cos 60 qB
nT = t
n2mV
= 0.2
qB
n 2mE
= 0.1
qB
n 2  9  10 – 31  2  10 3  1.6  10 –19
B =
e  0. 1
n 36  10 – 28
B =
0 .1 1.6  10 –19
n 9  10 – 8
=
0 .1 4
B = 15n × 10–4 T
Bmin = 15 × 10–4 T

SECTION (H) :
H-1. Fm = FE
eVB = eE
4
E 3.2  10
V= =
B 2  10 3
= 16 × 106 m/s
mV 91
r= = cm
eB 20
mV
H-4 r =
qb
q V
=
m rB
As, qE = qVB
E = VB
q E
=
m rB 2
5
= × 10 5 C/kg
4
mV0 r
H-7 R = =
qB 2
2mV0
= = B = 0ni
qr
 0 niqr
V0 =
2m
SECTION (I) :
 
I-1.

F = 
i L B 
F = BiL sin
3
= 0.1 × 10 × 0.1 ×
5
= 6 × 10–2 N
I-4.
 
i [ l  B]

F =
= B0il [ ĵ  ( î  ĵ  k̂ )]
= B0il [–k̂  î]

F = 2 B0il
I-7.
F = BiL
= Bi  /2

  x
I-10 B  B 0  1 –  k̂
 
at x = 0
B = B0 k̂
at x =  B=0

FAB = B0i î .

FCD = 0
 
FBC = – FDA
So net force = B0i î

F= B0i î
 0 i1i 2 F
I-13. =
2 d l
20  20
 = 2  10  7  = 2 × 10–4
d
= 2 × 10–4
d = 40 cm.
SECTION (J)
J-2
(a) df = BidL
F = Bi (2a) into the plane of paper.
(b)
 
B = B0 e r
All force elements due to B0 cos will be added up & due to B0 sin will get cancled
dF = B0 cos i dl
1
dF = B0 × i dl
2
B 0i
F = (2a)
2
= 2 iB0a
J-6
 = MB sin 300
1
= Nir2 B ×
2
1
= 500 × 1 ×  × (0.01)2 × 0.4 ×
2
=  × 10–2 N-m
J-9 i = Qf
Q
=
2
M = i × R2
QR 2
=
2
SECTION (K) :
K-1. As the field due to a current-carrying coil is along its axis, the vertical coil will produce horizontal field and
horizontal coil vertical, i.e.,
 0 2NV  V  0 2NHH
 BH and  BV
4 R V 4  RH
BV BH
But as tan  = B , BV = BH tan  = [as  = (/6)]
H 3
A Wb
and , 1 = 4 × 10–7
m m2
2  100   v
so, 10–7 = 4 × 10–7 × 27.8
0.2
i.e., Iv = 1112 × 10–4 A
2  100  H 7 27.8
and 10 7 = 4   10
0.3 3
i.e., H = 556 6 × 10–4 A
PART - II :
SECTION (A) :
2 0 M
A-2. B1 = (As the dipole is short )
4 r 3
10 –7  1 2
=
(1)3
= 2 × 10–7 T
0 M
B2 =
4 r 3
= 10–7 T
Bnet = 5 × 10–7 T
SECTION (B) :
 0i
B-2. Bdue to AC = [ cos 300 + cos900 ]
4 2R sin30 0
 0i 3
=
8R

 0i
Bdue to BC = [ cos 600 + cos900 ]
4 2R sin 600
 0i
=
8R 3
BNet = Bdue to AC – Bdue to BC
 0i
= (B)
4R 3
SECTION (C) :
 0i
C-1. B= 2  
4R
where ; (2 – ) R = 2R
2R
R =
2 – 
2
 0 i  2   
B=   Ans. (A)
2R  2 
C-4. loop (1)

i
0 2
 r 2
R 1
B =
2 r
 0i
= r B  r
2R12
loop (2)
 0i 1
B = B 
2 r r
loop (3)
i 2 2
 0 (i  2
R3 – R2
2
r  R2  2
 0 ( R 3 – r 2)
B = =
2r 2r( R 3 2 – R 2 2)
 0 (i – i)
loop (4) B = =0
2r
 i
C-7. B.dl = 0  r 2
 R 2
 0ir 2
=
R2

 B.dl = 0i

1
C-10 n =
d
2
= /m
1 10 – 3
B = 0 ni
2
= 4 × 10–7 × × 2.5
10 3
= 2 × 10–3 T
SECTION (D) :
D-1. F = qVB
FMin = qMinVB
As from the given options Li++ has maximum charge.
1
D-3. qV = mv2
2
mv
R =
qB
2qV
m
= m
qB
2mV
=
qB 2
R1 m1
R2 = m2
2
m1  R1 
=  
m2  R2 
mv
D-7*. R =
qB
More q means less R
 R1   q2 
  =  
 R2   q1 
SECTION (E) :
E- 1.
mv 2
= q v (B sin )
R
mv
R =
qB sin 
SECTION (F) :
F-1. FE = qE , Fm = qvB
mv
R =
qB
Pitch p = V|| T
2R
T =
V
qE t
V|| = 0 
m
   
F-3. F = qE + q v × B
` If does not deflect then, resultant force must be zero.
SECTION (G) :
 
G-2. MB = 0
= 0
Loop will Not rotate
F1 > F2
So loop move towards the wire
G-4.
ì 0 2i2 ì 0 i2
F= . =
4ð b 2ðb
G-6.

 B.dl = 0
B = 0

SECTION (H) :
H-1. Ui = – MB
Uf = MB
W =  U= 2 MB
= 2 × 2.5 × 0.2
= 1J
SECTION (I) :
I-1.
F = BiL
= 10–4 × 10 × 1
= 10 –3 N
EXERCISE - 2
PART - I
 
 0  v  r 
1. B = q  
4   r 3 
0 qv
B =
4 (x 2  R 2 )
10 –7  1 0.6  10 4 
=
1
= 6 × 10 T–4
BR = 2 B sin
q
v'
0 2 3
= 2× × 2 2 ×
4 (x  R ) 5
36
=  × 10–4 T (Along the axis)
5
 0 i 2 cos  n 0 i cos 
3. B = n× =
l l tan 
4 tan 
2
 
= –
2 n
 
 0in2 sin tan
n n
=
L
n  
  
sin  tan  and L = 2r
n n n
 0i
B =
2r

 0ni
6. BMiddle = (sin + sin)
2
1000 0.2
= 2× 10–7 × [2× ] × 5 × 10–3
0 .4 0.13

= × 10–5 T
13
 0ni
BEnds = (sin + sin0°)
2
 0ni
= sin
2
1000 0 .4
= 2× 10–7 × × 5 × 10–3 ×
0 .4 0 .5
= 2 × 10 T
–6
q 50  10 6 (20 – 18 )
7. i=  = 50 C
t 2
B = 0 ni = 4 ×10–7 × 8000 × 50 × 10–6
= 16 × 10–8
Alternate Sol.
Let q0 is intial charge on capacitor & q is charge supplied at t = t.
i = i0 sint
 ( q0 – q ) = q0 cost.
q0 90 q0 cos t
× =
C 100 C
9
cost =
10
9
cos 2 =
10
2 sec
i0  sin t dt
0
iav =
2
i0
= cos t 02
2
i0
= 1  cos 2
2
i0 1
= ×
2 10
i0
= .
20

Bav = 0niav
i0
= 4 × 10–7 × 8000 ×
20
q0
= 4 × 10–7 × 8000 ×
20
4   10 –7  8000  50  10 – 6  20
=
20
Bav = 16 × 10 T –8
10.
Magnetic force is in ĵ direction and electric field is in – ĵ direction

Resultant force = qVB – qE
= q(1.28 × 106 × 8 × 10–2 – 102.4 × 103)
=0
R = 100 m
Charge will move only in x direction.
x = V × t = 1.28 × 106 × 5 × 10–6 = 6.4 m
Now electric fields is switched off
2m 2    10 –26
T= 
qB 1.6  10 –19  8  10 – 2
mV
R= =1m
qB
7.45  10 –6
Number of revolution =  1. 5
4.9  10 – 6
So, z postion of particle will be 2 m
13. (a) Force on part of length dl of wire = iBdl

d
(b) 2 T sin = iBdl
2
d
2 T. = iBad
2
T = iBa
15. BNet = 2B cos
2 0i x
=
2 a 2  x 2 a2  x 2
 0ix
BNet = (– ĵ )
(a 2  x 2 )
Magnetic force on differential element
 0 i2 x
dF = dx
(a 2  x 2 )

L
 0i2 2x  0i2  a 2  L2 
Net force F =  (a 2  x 2 ) dx = ln  2

2 2 
0  a 
direction along ( î × (– ĵ ) ) = – k̂
On Reversing Current in B
Net field = 0
Force = 0
18. Magnetic force on Rod = iBl (Leftward)

Gravitational force on Rod = mg (Downward)
l
3iBl. 3iB
Rod = 2 =
ml 2 2m
3iB l 3iBl
CM = × =
2m 2 4m
iBl – Fhorizontal = maCM
3iBl iBl
Fhorizontal = iBl – = (right side)
4 4
FVertical = mg (upward)
mg
23. (a) T0 =
2
T1 + T2 = mg = 2 T0
l l
T2 + b2iB = T1 (applying equation of torque about centre of mass)
2 2
b 2iB
T1 = T0 +
l
b 2iB
T2 = T0 –
l
(b) B || axis
B= 0
T1 = T2 = T0
 0 I I 0a  0 I I0a
26. F = –
 a  a
2   a –  2 a  
 2  2
0I I0  1 1 
=  – 
  2 – 1 2  1
2 0 I I 0
=
 4 2 – 1
 
PART - II
2. i1 > i2
0
( i1 – i2 ) = 20
2r
0
( i1 + i2 ) = 30
2r
i1  i2 3 i1 5
i1 – i2 = 2  i2 = 1
5. Fup
 0 (10  20 )
9. F1 =
2l
 0 ( 20  40 )
F2 =
2l
F1 and F2 both points in the same direction towards 40 A wire.
i R 2
0 2

R 4
11. Binside = R
2
2
 0i
=
4R
 0i
BOutside =
3R
2
2
 0i
=
3R
Energy density  B2
2
1  B1  9
=   =
2 B2  16
15.* Consider a ring of radius x and thickness dx.

  Q
Equivalent current in this ring = × charge on ring = × (2  x dx)
2 2 R 2
R
 0   2 xQ dx  0 Q
dB (due to this ring) =  2
  B=  2 R 2 dx.
2 x  2 R  0
 0   0 
= .R= .
2R 2 2R


19. V constant in direction and may be in magnetude

a = 0
  
qE + q ( V × B ) = 0
Ist posibility
 
E = 0 & B = 0 V
IInd posibility
   
E = 0 & V | | B i.e. B  0
IIIrd posibility V
 
E E || V & B = 0
IVth posibility
B
  
V E || V || B
 
E V × B = 0
Vth posibility
E
V
B
  
qE = – q ( V × B )
mv P
22. R = =
eB eB
Energy gained = 0
As W B = 0
mv 2
FC =
r
ePB
= evB=
m
24. FE = qE , Fm = qvB
v = 0
 Fm = 0
B may or may not be zero.
No electric force = 0

E = 0
EXERCISE -3
1. The magnetic field is along negative y-direction in p,q,r, t
z-component of magnetic field is zero in all cases.

0 i
The magnetic field at P is for case (r)
4 d
0 i
The magnetic field at P is less than for all cases.
2 d

5. In one full cycle it gets accelerated two times so change in KE = 2 qV.
7. (A) Distance travelled by particle in one time period :

(r1 + r2) : (r3 + r4) : (r5 + r6) ...............
2 mqv 2 m3qv 2 m5qv 2 m7qv 2 m9qv 2 m11qv

::  :  :  .........
qB qB qB qB qB qB
S1 : S2 : S3 ............... : : ( 1  3 ) : ( 5  7 ) : ( 9  11 )
9. Inside the cylinder


B.2r = 0 . r 2
R 2
0
B= .r ..............(1)
2R 2
outside the cylinder
B.2r = 0
 0
 B= ..............(2)
2 r
1
Inside cylinder B r and outside B 
r
So at the surface nature of magnetic field changes.
Hence clear from graph, wire 'c' has greatest radius.
14. The parallel beam of negatively charged particles passes undeflected through crossed electric and
magnetic fields. Hence qvB = qE. Therefore velocity of all particles will be same. Hence Statement-1 is
False.
18. (i) Let R be the radius of circle. Then ,

2R = L
L
or R=
2
L2i
M = iA = iR2 =
4
(ii) Equivalent current i = qf

and magnetic moment m = (ir2) = qfr2
Substituting the values , we have
M = () (0.5×10–10)2 (1016) (1.6 × 10–19) = 1.26 × 10–23 A-m2
(iii) We can complete the loop EDCBE by assuming equal and opposite current I in wire BE.
D z
C
y
E F B
B A x
Net force on loop EDCBE will be zero. Similarly , force on wires FE and BA is also zero , because these are
So , net force is only on wire EB.

F = I [(L î ) × (B ĵ )]
= ILB k̂
 Magnitude of force is ILB and direction of force is positive z.
EXERCISE :- 4
1. Magnetic lines form closed loop. Inside magnet these are directed from south to north pole.

3. Magnetic field at P is B , perpendicular to OP in the direction shown in figure.
 y
So, B = B sin  î – B cos  ĵ
0  P (x, y)
Here B= r
2 r i
 B

 x
y x O
sin  = and cos  =
r r
   1  ( y î  xĵ )
 B  0  2 ( y î  xĵ )  0 2 (as r2 = x 2 + y2)
2 r 2( x  y 2 )
 
5. U = M  B = – MB cos 

Here M = magnetic moment of the loop
 
 = angle between M and B
U is maximum when  = 180º and minimum when  = 0º. So as  decrease from 180º to 0º its P.E. also
decreases.
2qvm m
7. r= or r
Bq q
rp mp q 1 2 1
= = = .
r m qP 4 1 2
9. (i) Torque in coil = NiAB (assuming)  K = NAB

(ii) from NiAB = C where C = torsional constant of spring.
N 0 AB 2 NAB 0
 C= =
/2 
(iii) Angular impulse = change in angular momentum
 dt = L or  B iNA dt =  – 0
BNAQ
= [

  i dt = ]
This  is initial angular speed for further motion
 d 
Now, by energy conservation [Note : after this it can also be solved by using equation – C  = ]
d
2
1 1 1  BNAQ  1 NABQ
2 = C2     = C 2  =
2 2 2    2 C

mV
13. The radius of circle of path of charged particle is R =
qB
mV
For particle to enter region  R > . or >
qB
For path length of particle in region  to be maximum

q B
=R or V =
m
qB
The period of revolution of charged particle is  =
m
 m
The time spent in region II is t =  , which is same for all the cases when it returns to region II.
 qB
2  RP 2  mp v 2mp
17. tp =  
v eBv eB
(2  2)  R e ( 2  2)m e v ( 2  2)m e

te = = 
v eBv eB
 te  tp
R
21. Case-I x <
2
|B| = 0
R
Case-II  xR
2
 
 B.d    0I
 2
2 R 

|B| 2x = 0  x    J
 2 
 
 0 J  2 R 2 
|B| = 2x  x  4 
 

Case-III x > R
 
 B. d  = 0 I
 2
2 R 

|B| 2x = 0  R    J
  2  
0J 3 2
|B| = R
2x 2
3 0 JR 2
|B| = so
8x
  
24. qv  B  qE ...(1)

Taking cross product of equation (1) with B
    
q( v  B )  B  q(E  B)
  
v  E  B / B2
 0 1 0 2
26. Magnetic field due to AB and CD are and respectively
2d 2d
0
B =  12   22
net 2 d
29. Magnetic field due to loop ABCD

0      1 1
= 4  6    a – b 
   

32. v=
R
  0  2
dB =    = R d
 4  R
/2
 B =  dB cos 
 / 2
/2
0
= 2  cos  d
 / 2
0 0
= = 2 Ans.
  R
R
 0 (dq)    0 Q rdr
35. dB =    B=  dB  . 2
2r  2  4  R 2 r
0
 0 Q  0 Q
B= 2
.R  B
2R 2R
1
B
R
SOLUTIONS OF ADVANCE LEVEL PROBLEMS
PART - I
2.
V || B
F = 0
    
0 v  r 1 qr   v E
3.

B = q and

E = 4 0 r 3 

B = 0  0 ( v  E ) = c 2
4 r 3
4. BOD = 0 BOB = 0
0  0
BAB = = (  î  k̂ )
4 a 2 [cos 45 (  î )  cos 45 k̂ ] 8 a
5.
0 i 0 i  0 i  b 

B= (sin 90+sin(– )) = (1 – sin ) = 1
4 a 4 a 4 a  
a2  b2 
6. Magnetic field at 'P' due to wires (1) and (2) is :

 0  0 2 0 
B1 = 2 ( x sin  ) + 2 ( x sin  ) = 2 ( x sin  ) (outside the paper)
2
Now if a current of is flowing in the third wire then the magnetic field due to the same will be :
sin 
0  2   2
B2 =   , which will cancel B if it is inside paper which is possible if the current in the
2x  sin   1
sin 
third wire is from right to left.
7. (2 0 – 0) + (– 0 + 2 0) + (– 2 0 + 4 0) + (4 0 – 2 0) = 0   = 6 A
    Qv. 0 
Qv î   0 ( î 
 
8. F = q( V  B ) = ĵ )  = (k̂ ) .
  4R  4R
9. As the magnetic field is along the x-axis, the magnetic force will be along (–) z-axis from t = 0 to t = T 0
and along (+)ve z-axis from t = T 0 to t = 2T 0 .
RESONANCE SOLN MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT AND MAGNETIC FORCE ON CHARGE OR CURRENT - 101
For t = 0 to t = T0 :–
T0
At t = ;
2
( V0 cos ) T0 P0
x-coordinate = = (Since pitch = P0 = (V0cos)T0)
2 2
y-coordinate = 0 (from figure)
and z-coordinate = – 2 R0 (from figure)
Hence (A) is correct.
3T0
Similarly at t = ;
2
 3 P0 
coordinates are  , 0 , 2 R 0  Hence (B) is correct.
 2 
10. The particle will move in a non-uniform helical

path with increasing pitch as shown below:
Its time period will be :
2m
T= = 2seconds
qB
Changing the view, the particle is seemed to move

in a circular path in (x – z) plane as below
After -seconds the particle will be at point 'P', hence x
coordinate will be 0
For linear motion along y-direction.
1 Eq 2
y() = 0( )  ( )
2 m
2  2 
y() = and OP = 2 Hence the coordinate  0, 2 ,2  .
2  
11. The force on the rod due to magnetic field and gravity is
i B – mg (upwards)
iB  mg
Hence the extension in the springs is
2k
( Note that effective spring constant is 2k)
iB  mg
Therefore the length of the spring is 0+
2k
12. Vector sum PQ + QR + RP = 0
Thus force on PQR = 0.
 
13. Since U   M.B
 Ux U y Uz 
  î  ĵ  k̂ 
F = –  x y z
 
 B x B y
 F  Mx î  M y ĵ
x y

F  A(2Cx ) î  B(2Dy ) ĵ

at r  (E î  F ĵ )

F  2 AEC î  2BDFĵ
14. Loss in potential energy = gain in kinetic energy

(–MB cos900) – (–MBcos00) = KE
= MB = KE
= R2B = KE.
Q
15. Charge on the differential element dx, dq = .dx

equivalent current di = f dq
 magnetic moment of this element d = (di) NA (N = 1)
 2 Q
d =   x  f dx
  
f Q 
1
 =  x 2 dx ; =  fQ 2 ....................Ans.
 0 3
16. Radius of the circular path is given by

mV 2 Km
r= =
Bq Bq
Here K is the kinetic energy to the particle
m
Therefore, r  if K and B are same.
q
1 2 4
 rp ; rd : r = : : =1: 2 :1 Hence r =rp < rd
1 1 2
17. Radius of the circular path is given byk
mV 2 Km
r= =
Bq Bq
Here K is the kinetic energy to the particle
m
Therefore, r  if K and B are same.
q
1 2 4
 rp ; rd : r = : : =1: 2 :1 Hence r =rp < rd
1 1 2
u
z
y
18.
×
I -I
x
B
Wires are in x-y plane
and velocity in z-direction
d
Net magnetic field due to both the wires will be downward as shown above. Since angle between
 
v and B is 180º
Therefore, magnetic force
  
Fm = q ( v × B ) = 0
19. current, i = ( frequency ) ( charge )

  
=   ( 2q )
 2 
q
=

Magnetic moment M = (i) A
 q 
=   ( R 2 )
  
= ( qR 2 )
Angular momentum L = 2I = 2 ( mR 2 ) 
2
M qR q
 = =
L 2(mR 2 ) 2m
20. The charged particle will be accelerated parallel ( if it is a positive charge ) or antiparallel ( if it is a
negative charge ) to the electric field, i.e., the charged particle will move parallel or antiparallel to
electric and magnetic field. Therefore net magnetic force on it will be zero and its path will be a straight
line.
21. Ratio of magnetic moment and angular momentum is given by
M q
=
L 2m
which is a function of q and m only. This can be derived as follows :
M = iA = (qf) . (r2)
   qr 2
= (q)   (r2) =
 2  2
and L =  = (mr2 )
r 2
q
M 2 q
 = =
L mr 2  2m
22. If the current flows out of the paper,the magnetic field at points to the right of the wire will be upwards
& to the left will be downwards as shown in figure.
Now let us come to the problem.

Magnetic field at C = 0
Magnetic field in region BX’ will be upwards (+ve) because all points lying in this region are to the right
of both the wires.
X X'
A C B
Similary
Magnetic field in region AX will be downwards (-ve)
Magnetic field in region AC will be upwards (+ve) , because points are closer to A, compared to B.
Similarly Magnetic field in region BC will be downwards (-ve).
Graph (B) satisfies all these conditions. Therefore correct answer is (B).
23. H1 = Magnetic field at M due to PQ + Magnetic field at M due to QR

But magnetic field at M due to QR = 0
Now H2 = Magnetic field at M due to PQ (current )
+ Magnetic field at M due to QS (current /2)
+ Magnetic field at M due to QR
H1 3
= H1 + + 0 = H1
2 2
H1 2
 H2 = 3
Magnetic field at any point lying on the current carrying straight conductor is zero.
24. The magnetic field at P(a, 0) due to the loop is equal to the vector sum of the magnetic field produced by
loops ABCDA and AFEBA as shown in the figure.
Magnetic field due to loop ABCDA will be along î and due to loop AFEBA, along k̂ . Magnitude of
magnetic field due to both the loops will be equal. Therefore, direction of resultant magnetic field at P
k̂
1 ĵ
will be ( î  k̂ )
2
î
This is a common practice, when by assuming equal current in opposite directions in an imaginary wire
(here AB), loops are completed and solution becomes easy.
mv
25. Radius of the circle =
Bq
or Radius  mV if B and q are same.
(Radius)A > (Radius)B
 m AvA > m BvB
26. Consider an element of thickness dr at a distance r from the centre. The number of turns in this
element
 N 
dN =   dr
ba
Magnetic field due to this element at the centre of the coil will be
b
 0 ( dN)  0  N . dr dr
dB =  r
2R 2 b–a r
a
r b µ0N b
 B =  dB = In  
r a 2(b – a) a
The idea of the question is taken from question number 3.245 of I.E. Irodov.
30. For given condition :

Magnitude of Bsolienoid = Magnitude of Bloop
0 Total no. of turn 1300
0ni = here n = Total length =
2R 0.65
 1 8  0.65
i=  = = 10 A.
2R n 2  0.02  1300  10 – 2
For given condition :
Total magnetic field at the centre of loop
= |Bloop| + |Bsolenoid |  |Bloop| = ||Bsolenoid|
0
= 2|Bloop | = 2×
2R
2  4   10 7  8
= = 16  × 10–3 T..
2  0.02  10 – 2
1
31. Field due to each plate = µ K = 2µT
2 0
At A, fields add up, being in the same directions whereas at B, cancel out due to opposite directions.
1 q1 q2
32. F = 4  . 2
0 r
[q1 ] [q2 ] [IT ] 2

 [ 0 ] = 2 = = [M 2 L -3 T 4 I 2 ]
[F] [r ] [MLT 2 ][L2 ]
1
Speed of light, c =
0  0
1
 [ m0 ] =
[0 ][c ] 2
1
=
[M L T I ][LT 1 ] 2
1 3 42
= [MLT 2I2 ]
PART - II
E1 E2
1. EP = E1 – E2 = 0
ER = E1 – E2 = 0
1 1
EQ = E1 + E2 = µ0k + 0k E1 E2
2 2
EQ = 0k towards right. x x x x x
E2 E1
  R
2. M=  dM sin  =  (dN).i.A. sin 
0
0 dMcos dM
 2 
N  d  1
=   .i.
0
4
 sin d


M=
2
N.i.d2 dMsin
d 
dMsin
dM
 dMcos
1
M= (Amp. m2)
2
3. Charge ball move in the form of conical pendulum. Magnetic force act along radial direction.
T sin = mr2 ± q.(r).B Tcos = mg

(m2  qB) r r (m2  qB)r 
tan = 2 2 = Tcos
mg r L mg T
1/ 2
 2  mg  Tsin
 r = L   2  .
  m   qB 
mg
4. N = (mg + i.B)cos
Fmax = (mg + i..B)sin + N N
3  3 
Fmax = 4 1  4  N n
B)si
  i.
Fmin = (mg + i.B) sin – N mg+
( (mg+i.B)cos
=30º
3 3 
Fmin = 1  N
4 10 
y
5. (a) B = 4B1 cos45º
0  1 x
 B
= 4× , B3
2 a 2 2 B2
B4
B1
x
0
B= along y–axis.
a x
(b) Magnetic field at point D :
    
BA  0   ( ĵ )
2  2a  BA
BB
A
      î  ĵ  ×
BB  0   BC
2  2 2 a   2 
    
BC  0   (– î )
2  2a  C ×B
Net magnetic field at D :
    0   î – 3 ĵ 
B  B A  BB  B C =
4 a  2 2 
Force per meter acting on wire at point D :
  02

F   ( k̂ )  B = ( 3 î  ĵ )
8a
6. B = 0ni
Torque acting on the second coil
 = M Bsin90º = (N2 i2 A2)B = N2 i2× A × 0 n × i
3
= × 10–7 Nm
5
7. At the middle wire F = 0

Force acting per unit length on A(or C) t=10A
A
2 2
0 i  i
F=  0 r=5cm t=10A
2 r 2 2r
3 0 i 2 r=5cm
= t=10A
4 r C
F = 12 × 10–4 N
Attractive (towards middle wire )
8. Net ampere force acting on a closed loop in uniform magnetic field is zero.
T cos d T cos d

d d
d/2 T T
Tsind/2 d
T
d/2
d/2
dm.r.2
(i.rd.)
2Tsin(d/2)
d
2Tsin = (dm.r..2) + r.d.iB
2
m
T.d = .rd.r.2  r.d.i.B
2 r
r
T= (m02 + 2i.B) .
2
9. Electric field at P is
Qx
E=
4 0 ( x 2  r 2 )3 / 2
0 2  ir 2 0 2 Q f r 2
Magnetic field at P is B = =
4 ( x 2  r 2 )3 / 2 4  ( x 2  r 2 )3 / 2
f = frequency of revolution.
1 B2
Electric energy density =  oE 2 ; Magnetic energy density
2 2 0
1 2
 oE
Electric energy density 2 x2 x2 c2 9
= B2
= 2 2 4 = 2 2 4 = × 1010 = 9 × 109 J
magnetic energy density 4 0  0 f r 4 f r 2
2 0
10. Current in the element = J(2r . dr) = J(2r . dr)
a dr
Current enclosed by Amperian loop of radius
2
a/2 3
J0r 2 J 0  a  J0 a 2 r
I=  a . 2r . dr =   =
0
3a  2  12
Applying Ampere's law
a J0 a 2  0 J0 a
B . 2 . = µ0 . B=
2 12 12
On putting values
B = 10 µT
11. Since, total charge is zero initially thus the two particle will be of opposite
charges. Initially the neutral particle is at rest, so both will have same
speed. As both particle move in opposite directions, magnetic force on
them will be in the same direction and of same magnitude.
mV
Using R = , both will be moving in the circle of same radius. So they
qB
will meet at point Q. i.e. diametrically opposite to starting point P. So time
taken will be
12. Let at time t particle be at point P (x, y) and its velocity be



V  Vx î  Vy ĵ . 
 
V  V0  V02  Vx2  Vy2 .
(work done by magnetic field is always zero so change in
magnitude of velocity)
Then, magnetic force on the particle at point P is

  y  y
F  q Vx î  Vy ĵ . B0 1   k̂ 
   
– q B0 1   dy= mdvx
 d  d
Now when the particle will be coming out of the at that point y = d. Let the velocity in x-direction be Vx then
integrating we get,
vx
d
dv x qB 0  y qB 0  d2  3qB 0 d
 =  m  1  d dy =  m
d 
 2d

 2m
v0 0
3qB 0 d
so Vx = V0  ...Ans.
2m
2
 3q B 0 
Now  Vy = 2
V V 2
 Vy = V02   V0  d ...Ans.
0 x
 2m 
13. A and P will have the same momentum in magnitude and they will move in opposite directions. They will
move in the circle of same radius and the same centre but in opposite directions. If they meet after time t
then
At + Pt = 2
2 2
 t =    = 2e.B 2eB
A P 
4m ( A  4)m
4( A  4)m  2eB 4m( A  4)
t= ; A =  A t = ×
eBA 4m eBA
2( A  4) 48
= =  n = 48
A 25
14. As the particle enters the region of magnetic field, it moves in a circular path of radius
mv qB
R= =1m whose centre is at O. and = = 1 rad/sec.
qB m
we assume d to be sufficiently large so that the particle emerges out of region of magnetic field at Q figure
- (a).
 x = R – R cos 60° = 0.5 > d

 The charge will cross the field and emerge from the right side.
 The trajectory of the particle in the region of magnetic field is as shown in figure - b
In the figure (b) PQ is the chord and OC is  bisector of line PQ. Q is the point from where the particle

emerges out. We can see from the geometry that APQ =  +
2
  
 PQ = d sec     = 2R sin
 2 2
      
 d = 2R sin cos     = R sin       sin ( )
2  2    2 2  
d
 d = R [sin ( + ) – sin ]  sin ( + ) = + sin = 0.7
R
  +  = 45°   = 15°
 Now t = 
15   
 1×t=  t= sec. Ans.
180 12
15.
mv 2 mv 2mT
= qVB  r= =
r qB qB
 Separation between  &  particle
 2m  T 2m e T   m  
2 2 2T  me 
= 2 (r + r) =  ( 2e )B  eB  = eB
 
   2 
 m  
2 2T  me 
Ans. 
eB  2 
   
16. F = q v × B , Let B = Bx î + By ĵ + Bz k̂

F1 = e(1 î ) × {Bx î + By ĵ + Bz k̂ } = – e ĵ
 eBy k̂ – eBy ĵ = – e ĵ
 By = 0 ; Bz = 1

F2 = e( î – ĵ ) × {Bx î + 1 k̂ } = – e ( î + ĵ )
 e ( – ĵ + Bx k̂ – î ) = – e ( î + ĵ )
 Bx = 0

 B = 1 k̂ = k̂ wb/m 2
  
Now v 3 = v 1 × v 2 = 1 î × ( î – ĵ ) = – k̂
  
Now F = e v 3 × B = e( – k̂ × k̂ ) = 0
N
17. Bsol = µ0 i where N is total no. of turns & L is length of the solenoid.
L
2m
T= and pitch = V| | T
qB
L L . qB
No. of revolution = = V . 2m
pitch ||
N  0 . Ni q
using B = µ0 . i  V . 2 .
L || m
4 x 10 7 x 8000 x 4 x 3 x 1011
using values  = 16 x 105
400 . 3 x 2
18. (False) w.d. by Fm on a magnetic pole is  0
dv
19. m = q E0 j + q v x i  v y j ´ B0 k
 
dt
d vy d vx 
m j + m i = [q E0  q vx B0] j + q vy B0 i
dt dt
d vy
m = [q E0  q vx B0]  (1)
dt
d vx
m = q vy B0  (2)
dt
 d vy  1
From (1) vx =  q E 0  m 
 d t  q B0
m d  d vy 
From (2) q E 0  m  = q vy B0
q B0 d t  dt 
d2 vy q 2 v y B20 d2 vy q 2 v y B20
 = or + =0
d t2 m2 d t2 m2
Solution of above equation :
vy = A sin ( t + )  (3)
q B0
where = at t = 0, vy = 0,  = 0 vy = A sin  t
m
q E0 d vy q E0 q B0 E
at t = 0 , a = a= = A  cos  t =A A= 0
m dt m m B0
t
E0 d y E0  E 
This equation (3) vy = sin  t = sin  t  y =   0 cos  t 
B0 d t B0  B0 0
E0 m E0 m  q B0 
y= [1  cos  t] y= 1  cos t y
B0  q B0 q B20  m 
qVB
E x
20. When V = 50 m/s qVB = qE  B =
50
When V = 100 m/s qVB – qE = 2 x 10–19 qE
E = 1.25 N/C
21. The current carrying wires are electrically neutral. Hence the only interaction between wires is of attractive
magnetic force.
But in parallel beams of electrons both the beams have negative charge.
Hence there is electrostatic repulsion and also magnetic attraction. Electrostatic repulsion has larger magnitude
than magnetic attraction. Hence the beams repel.
22. Torque on element dx of current carrying wire AC about C is

d= (dF). (2L – x) in clockwise sense.
µ 0 1
dF = (2 dx)
2 x
 Net torque on wire AC about C is
2L
µ 1 2 (2L  x ) 0.4 µ0 1 2 L
1 =  20 x
dx =
µ0
  L (l n 4 – 1) =
2 1 2 2
(clockwise direction)
L
Magnetic field at each point on segment BC due to infinite wire is uniform.
 Net torque or wire BC about C is
  L × L = 0   L (anticlockwise direction)
 µ0 1  µ
2 =  2
 2 2L  2 8 1 2
µ0
 1 > 2  net torque  = 1 – 2 = (0.6) 12 L (clockwise direction)
8
mL2
moment of inertia of L shaped rod about C is  =
3
 0.6 µ0 1 2L 3 9 µ0 1 2

angular acceleration  = = × 2 =
 8  mL 40mL
23. Applying Energy conservation, initially, kinetic energy = 0

gravitational P.E. = 0 (say) & Magnetic P.E. = µB

 3a2 
where, µ = magnetic moment of the loop = i.  4 

Finally when the loop becomes horizontal, Kinetic energy = 0
 a 
gravitational P.E.=mg  (because mg acts on the centre of mass)
 3 
magnetic P.E. = 0
mga mga 4mg

 0 + 0 + µB = 0 + +0 B= =
3 3  3ia
24.
Torque on the (coil + sphere) due to flow of charge through coil is

   
= p  B (where p is the dipole moment of the coil and B is the geomagnetic field)
d
= i N r2 B = 
dt
t
N  r2 B N  r2 B 3NBQ
 d = idt or = i dt =
 Ans.
 2 2 2M
mr 0
3
3 BNQ
[Ans:  = = 2.7  × 10–2 rad/s.]
2 M
25. The torque of system = Torque on loop [AFGH + BCPE + ABEF]
= SB ( î ) + SB( î )+ SB k̂ ( I = current, S = area of loop, B = magnetic field.
=  S B k̂
= 1 × 1 × 2 k̂ = 2 k̂ units [Ans : 2 K̂ ]
M q
26. =
2 2 2m
mr 
5
1
M = qr2
5
27. Final mass = 3m

Final charge = – q
3mV
Rf =
qB
By conservation of linear momentum
 
2 mVm sin + 4 mVm sin = 3mVy
6 6
Vy = Vm
 
4 mVm cos – 2 mVm cos = 3mVx
6 6
Vm
Vx =
3
2Vm 6mVm 2 3m qBd

V= Vx2  Vy2 = , Rf = = × = 3 d
3 qB 3 qB 2m
28. Force of interaction will act an AB and AC only

 / cos 
 0i1i2 sin 
FAB   dx
2( d  x cos )
0
 0i1i2 tan  d

= n towards left
2 d
 0i1i 2 tan  
FAC = towards right
2 d
Fnet = FAB – FAC
 0i1i 2 tan   d    
Fnet = n d  d    towards left.
2  
 0 i0
29. Force on differential length dF = i . dx
2
 a
 0 i0 i dx
Net force F =  x
2 a
 0 i0 i a
=
n  
2  a 
Torque about point of application = 0
Let point of application is at a distance x0 from wire i0 .
 0 i0 i ( x – x 0 )
d = dx
2 x
a
 0 i0 i  x0 
=
2
 1 –
a
x 
 dx `
 x – x 0 nx a  a = 0
  + a – x0 n ( + a) – a + x0 n a = 0
a
x0 n   = 
 a 

x0 =
  
n 1  
 a
30. (i) In ground state ( n = 1), according to Bohr’s theory :
h
mVR =
2
h
or V=
2mR
2R 2R 4 2mR 2

Now time period, T = = =
V h / 2mR h
Magnetic moment M = iA
Ch arg e e eh
where i = = 2 2 =
Time period 4 mR 4 mR 2
2
h
and A = R2
 eh 
 M = ( R2 )  
 4  2mR 2 
 eh 
or M =  4m  Ans. (i)
 

Direction of magnetic moment M is perpendicular to the plane of orbit
(ii)    or
 =MB sin 
  MB
 
where  is the angle between M and B
 = 30º
 eh 
  =  4 m  (B) sin 30º
 
ehB
  = Ans. (ii)
8m
 
The direction of  is perpendicular to both M and B .


31. v  v x î  v y ĵ  v zk̂
 qE  qB 
vx  t , vy = v0 cos  t
m  m 
 qB 
vz = – v0 sin  t
 m 
 
E B
i =  = 
|E| |B|
    
v0  v0 x B v0 x E
ĵ = | v | , k̂ =   =  
0 | v0x B | | v0 x E |
  
E B v0
Sol. (II) ĵ = or : î = v E and B
E B 0
 
v 0B
k̂ = v B v0
0
Force due to electric field will be along y-axis. Magnetic force will not affect the motion of charged
particle in the direction of electric field (or y-axis ) So
Fe qE qE
ay = = = constant therefore, v y = a y t = .t ......(1)
m m m
The charged particle under the action of magnetic field describes a circle in x-z plane ( perpen-

dicular to B ) with
2m 2 qE
T = or ,oa = = gksx k
Bq T m

Initially ( t = 0 ) velocity was along x-axis. Therefore, magnetic force ( F m) will be along positive z-
  
axis [ F m = q ( v 0  B )]. Let it makes an angle  with x-axis at time t, then
 = t
 qB 
 vx = v 0 cos t = v 0 cos  t  and ....(2)
 m 
 qB 
vz = v 0 sin t = v 0 sin  t .....(3)
 m 
z
vz v0

vx
x
From (1), (2) and (3)
v = v x + v y ĵ + v z k̂


   
 qB   v0  qB  E   qB   v0  B 
t  + t   + v 0 sin 
 t  
v = v 0 cos  m 

 v 
 m E  m   v 0B 
 0  
 
 qB   q    qB   v 0  B 
or t t t
v = cos  m  ( v 0 ) +  m  (E ) + sin  m   B 

Ans.
 
 The path of the particle will be a halix of increasing pitch. The axis of the helix will be along y-
axis.
x
32.  = 30º
L
sin =
R
mV0
Here ; R = B q y
0
L
sin 30º = mV
0
B0q
1 B 0 qL
or = mV
2 0
mV0
 L = 2B q Ans.
0
(b) In part (a)
L R
sin 30º =
R V0 × × ×
1 L B
or = × × ×
2 R
or L = R/2 × × ×
A
2.1 V0
× × ×
Now when L’ = 2.1 L or R
2
L'  22.1 R  R
 L’’ > R
Therefore, deviation of the particle is  = 180º is as
shown.
 
 Vf = – V0 î  VB
m
and tAB = T/2 = B q Ans.
0

33. (a) Magnetic field (B ) at the origin = Magnetic field due to semicircle KLM + Magnetic field due to other
semicircle KNM
  0I  0I
 B = 4R ( î ) + 4R ( ĵ )
  0I  0I  0I
B = – 4R î + 4R ĵ = 4R (– î + ĵ )
 Magnetic force acting on the particle–
   0I
= q {(–V0 î ) × (– î + ĵ )}

F = q ( V  B) 4R
  0 qV0I
F = – 4R k̂ Ans (i)
  
(b) F KLM = F KNM = F KM

and F KM = BI (2R) î
= 2BIR î
 
 F1 = F2 = 2BIR î Ans.(ii)
  
or Total force on the loop, F = F1 + F2

or F = 4 BIR î Ans.(iii)
  
If a current carrying wire ADC (of any shape) is placed in a uniform magnetic field B . Then F ADC = F AC

or FADC = i (AC) B.
B
× × × × × × × × × ×
C
D
i
× × × × × × ×
A
× × × × × × × × × ×
From this we can conclude that net force on a current carrying loop in uniform magnetic field is zero. In
the question, segments KLM and KNM also form a loop and they are also placed in a uniform magnetic
field but in this case net force on the loop will not be zero. It would had been zero it the current in any of
the segments was in opposite direction.

34. (a) Magnetic field (B ) at the origin = Magnetic field due to semicircle KLM + Magnetic field due to other
semicircle KNM
  0I  0I
 B = 4R ( î ) + 4R ( ĵ )
  0I  0I  0I
B = – 4R î + 4R ĵ = 4R (– î + ĵ )
 Magnetic force acting on the particle–
   0I
= q {(–V0 î ) × (– î + ĵ )}

F = q ( V  B) 4R
  0 qV0I
F = – 4R k̂ Ans (i)
  
(b) F KLM = F KNM = F KM

and F KM = BI (2R) î
= 2BIR î
 
 F1 = F2 = 2BIR î Ans.(ii)
  
or Total force on the loop, F = F1 + F2

or F = 4 BIR î Ans.(iii)
  
If a current carrying wire ADC (of any shape) is placed in a uniform magnetic field B . Then F ADC = F AC

or FADC = i (AC) B.
B
× × × × × × × × × ×
C
D
i
× × × × × × ×
A
× × × × × × × × × ×
From this we can conclude that net force on a current carrying loop in uniform magnetic field is zero. In
the question, segments KLM and KNM also form a loop and they are also placed in a uniform magnetic
field but in this case net force on the loop will not be zero. It would had been zero it the current in any of
the segments was in opposite direction.
35. (a) Given i = 10A, r1 = 0.08 m and r2 = 0.12m Straight portions i.e., CD etc. will produce zero magnetic
field at the centre.Rest eight arcs will produce the magnetic field at the centre in the same direction
i.e.,perpendicular to the paper putwards to vertically upwards and its magnitude is
B = Binner arcs + Bouter arcs
1  0i  1   0i 
=   +  
2  2r1  2  2r2 
  0i   r1  r2 
=   ( i)  r r  ®
 4   12 
Substituting the values, we have
(10 7 )(3.14 )(10 )(0.08  0.12)
B= Tesla
(0.08  0.12)
B = 6.54 × 10–5 T (Vertically upward or outward normal to the paper) Ans.
Force on AC
(b) Force on circular portions of the circuit i.e.AC etc.due to the wire at the centre will be zero because
magnetic field due to the central wire at these arcs will be tangential ( = 1800) as shown.
Force on CD
Current in central wire is also i = 10 A.
Magnetic field at P due to central wire, D
0 i
B= .
2 x B i
 Magnetic force on element dx due to this magnetic field
P
 0 i     dx
dF = (i)  .  .dx =  0  i2 C dx
 2 x   2  x
(F = i/B sin 900 )
x
Therefore,net force on CD is +
x r2 0.12
 0i2 dx 0 2  3 
F=  dF =
x r1 2
–  x =
2
i In  
2
0.08
Substituting the values, F = (2×10–7) (10)2 In (1.5)

or F = 8.1 × 10–6 N (inwards)
Force on wire at the centre
Net magnetic field at the centre due to the circuit is in vertical direction and current in the wire in centre is
also in vertical direction.Therefore, net force on the wire at the centre will be zero.( = 1800). Hence
(i) Force acting on the wire at the centre is zero.
(ii) Force on arc AC = 0. Ans.
(iii) Force on segment CD is 8.1 × 10 –6 N (inwards).
TOPIC : ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION
EXERCISE:-1
PART - I
SECTION (A) :
  1 q  1
A 1. i= =  = 
R t R t t R

q =
R
d
A 3. =  = – (0.4 t + 0.4)
dt
(i) t=2 = –1.2 volt
 [0.2(5)2  0.4(5 )  0.6]  [0.6]
(ii) <> = = = 1.4 volt
t 50

(iii) q = = 17.5 C.
R
q
(iv) <i> = = 3.5 Anticlockwise
t
5
2 [0 . 4 t  0 . 4 ] 2
(v) H = .dt =  .dt = 86 J
 R 0
R 3
 BA ( 0n ) AN
A 7. <i> = = =
R Rt Rt
4  10 7  400  0.40  6  10 4  10
= .
1.5  0.050
 1 d A dB
A 10. i= =– =–
R R dt R dt
r 2 dB 
i=– . = × 10–4 A
2R dt 8
A 13. For 0 < t < 1s, i = Bv/R = 1 A (anticlockwise)

For 1s < t < 3s ,  = constant so i = 0,
For 3s < t < 4s, i = Bv/R = 1 A (clockwise),
For t > 4s, i = 0
SECTION (B) :
B 1. This is in accordance with Lenz's law.
SECTION (C) :
C 2. (a) abc = 0 [ effective length is zero ]
(b) bc = BVLbc
(c) ac = BvLbc
(d) ab = 0.
RESONANCE SOLN ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION - 120

C 5. A
B
D B V
C
max = AC = BV(2r)
min = BD = 0
C 6. V2 = u2 + 2ay = 0 + 2ay
V= 2ay
y
 = BV(2x) = B 2ay × 2
k
2a 8a
 = 2By = By .
k k
SECTION (D) :
 B 2L2 V
D 1. (a) F = LB = (LB) = , 1 = V/4, V = 4 m/s
R R
(0.02)2 (8  10 2 )2  V
3.2 ×10–5 =
2
(b)  = BVL = 1 × 4 × 1 = 4 Volt
(c) Vab =  – Rab = 4 – (4/4) (1) = 3V
(d) Vcd = IRcd = (4/4) (1) = 1 Volt
D 3.
  BV    BV 
(a) i = Clockwise (b) F = iB =   B
r  r 
(c) F is towards right so v will keep on increasing after some time current will not flow in circuit then it will
move with constant velocity. v will be maximum (or constant) when F = 0.
å
So  = BV , V=
B
Bv B2  2 v
D 6. (a) F = i  B = × B =
2 r (  vt ) 2r (   vt )
B 2 2 v
(b) at t = 0 F0 =
2r
1  B2  2 v  B2  2 v

2  2r  2r(  vt )

t=
v

SECTION (E)
E 1. =  B.ds
a b
µ0i
=   adr = 0ia n a  b  .
2 r 2
b  b 
d µ0 a i0 2 2t ab
(b)  = – = sin n 
dt 2 T T  b 
10 T
2  5 µ2 i 2 a 2    a  b  2
(c) Q  dt =  0 0  n
 r  Tr    b  .
0    
E 3.  = BV 
 BV x
i= = r   2x   where cot  =
R cos  /2
SECTION (F)
F 2.
1
(where  = Ba2)
2
2 Ba 2
i= = .
R R
1
F 4. max = Bmax2
2
1
Here mg(1 – cos ) = mV2
2
V2 = 2g(1 – cos )
V 2g(1  cos ) 2g  2 sin2  / 2 g

max = = = = 2 sin /2
   
1 2 g
max = B × 2sin /2
2 
max = B g sin/2

F 6.
For half cycle

2 0
(a) <> =

2NBA  2  50  2  10 4  100  10 4  2ð  300

<> = =
 60  ð
<> = 2 × 10–3 volt.
(b) For complete cycle,
<> = 0
 2NBA 2  50  2  10 4  100  10 4
(c) q = = =
R R 4
(d)  = NBA sint.
(e) max = NBA =  × 10–3 V
N2B2 A 2 2 2
(f) <2> = = ×10–6 V..
2 2
SECTION (G) :
G2 B = 0n
d dB 2000 d
= =A = (1 × 10–2)2 × 0 × ×
dt dt 1 dt
= 0 × 10 × 2000 × 0.01
–4
d
 = 2 × = 4 × 10–3 × 0
dt
= 162 × 10–10 Weber.
 2  10 3   0
(b) E = =
2r 2  1 10  2
= 0.1 0 = 4 × 10–8 V/m.
dB
(c) E’ × 2r’ = A’
dt
dB
E’ × 2 × 8 × 10–2 =  × (6 × 10–2)2
dt
36
E’ = .E
8
18 18
 E= × 4 × 10–8
4 4
 E = 18 × 10–8 V/m.

SECTION (H) :
+ –
H 1. x y
L=2H
From KVL
d
Vx – Vy = L = 2 × 5 = 10 volt.
dt
 0 4   10 7  4
H 4. B= =
2 r 2  10  10  2
1 B2
Energy = = × volume
2 0
B2
= × [1 × 10–3]3 .
2 0

di
H 7. = 103 A / s B
dt A 1 5mH
15V
di
 Induced emf across inductance |e| = L
dt
|e| = (5 × 10–3) (103) V
=5V
Since , the current is decreasing , the polarity of this emf would be so as to increase the existing current. The
circuit can be redrawn as

B
A 1 15V 5mH
Now VA – 5 + 15 + 5 = VB
 VA – VB = – 15 V
or VB – VA = 15 Vs
SECTION () :
 1. (a)  = 0(1 – e–t/)
4 1
where 0 = =
20 5
L 2 1
 = = =
R 20 10
and t = 0.2 sec.
1 2
(b) E= L
2
1
I 3. U= L i2 i.e. U  i2
2
1
U will reach th of its maximum value when current is reached half of its maximum value. In L-R circuit,
4
equation of current growth is written as
i = i0 ( 1 – e-t./)
Here i0 = Maximum value of current
 = Time constant = L / R

10 henry
 = = 5s-1
2 ohm
Therefore, i = i0 / 2 = i0 ( 1 – e-t / 5 )
1 1
or = 1 – e - t / 5 or e- t / 5 =
2 2
 1
or –t/ 5 = In  
2
or t/5 = In (2) = 0.693
 t = (5) ( 0.693)s
or t = 3.465s
8. After switch S is closed for a long time inductor will offer zero resistance hence current through the battery
(R1  R 2 ) L L
is I = R1R 2 (b)  = R  R R
eff 1 2

(c) I = I0e–t/ = R e
1
 11. Equivalent self inductance :
i
A > B
+ –
L di
dt
VA  VB
L ..(1)
di / dt
Series combination
i
>
A + – + – B
L1 L2
di di
VA – L1 – L2 = VB ....(2)
dt dt
from (1) and (2)
L = L1 + L2 (separation is large to neglect mutual inductance) Ans.
SECTION (J) :
  EMF
J 1. EMF = M or M= .
t  
t
J-3. Magnetic field produced by a current i in a large square loop at its centre is
 0i2 2
B
L
 0i2 2
Therefore  = Mi = × 2
L
2 2 0  2
M=
L

PART - II
SECTION (A)
A 1. Since = 0 hence EMF induced is zero.
A 4. The direction of current in the loop such that it opposes the the change in magnetic flux in it.
SECTION (B)
B 2*. Magnetic lines of force comeout of north pole and reach towards the south pole in a magnet. When the north
pole faces the ring and the magnet moves towards it the flux in the ring increases and current is induced in
the anticlockwise direction in the ring and similarly when south pole faces the ring and the magnet moves
away from it.
B 7. When the magnetic goes away from the ring the flux in the ring decreases hence the induced current will be
such that it opposes the decreasing flux in it hence ring will behave like a magnet having face A as north pole
and face B as south pole.
B 9. The field at A and B are out of the paper and inside the paper respectively.
As the current in the straight wire decreases the field also decreases.
For B :

 B

The change in the magnetic field which causes induced current (  B ) is along (+)z direction.

Hence, induced emf and hence current should be such as to oppose this change  B.
Hence, induced emf should be along – z direction which results in a clockwise current in 'B'. Similarly,
there will be anticlockwise current in 'A'. Hence (B).
SECTION (C)
      d
C 1. If õ   or õ  B or   B then is zero. Hence potential difference is zero.
dt
1 H–
C 5. = – (2) (H – X)
2 3
2 (H – x )
| – d /dt | =  =
3
2
i= (H–x)
3R
Hence answer is (B)
C 6. Induced motional emf in MNQ is equivalent to the motional emf in an imaginary wire MQ i.e.,
eMNQ = eMQ = Bv = Bv (2R)
[ = MQ = 2 R]
Therefore , potential difference developed across the ring is 2RBv with Q at higher potential.

SECTION (D) :
D 1. Force acting on the rod because of the induced current due to change in magnetic flux will try to oppose the
dP dv
motion of rod. Hence the acceleration of the rod will decrease with time F = F × a. Thus, rate of
dt dt
power delivered by external force will be decreasing continuously.
D 3. It the magnitude of IA is very large such that force due to magnetic field on PQ exceeds its weight then it will
move upwards otherwise it will move downwards.
SECTION (E) :
(b–a) x
 a
b
E 1. a 
a
 0  0 b dx
 d   (bdx )  = 2 x
2 x (b  a )
 0 b  a 
= n .
2 ba
SECTION (F) :
F 1. Since there is no magnetic flux change due to rotation of rod hence the potential difference between two ends
of the rod is zero.
F 3. Considering pure rolling of OA about A: the induced emf across OA will be:
 B  (r )2
|e| .
2
From Lenz law, O will be the negative end, while A will be the positive end.
B r 2
Hence v0 – vA = –
2
SECTION (G) :
d dBr 2 dB  EMF   dB 
G 1. EMF = – = – = –r2 or E =   =  r
dt dt dt  r   dt 
or E  r for r  R.
1
E  for r > R.
r
qE 1 eR dB
G 3. a= = .(towards lefts)
m 2 m dt

SECTION (H) :
di 1
L1 1 v1 i1 1 L 2I22
dt  v1 w2
H 1.* Since P2 = P2 or i1v1 = i2v2 & or = 4 &   2 4.
di2 v2 v2 i2 4 w1 1 2
L2 L1I1
dt 2
 0 N2  r 2
H 2. L=

length of wire = N 2r = Constant (= C, suppose)
2
 C  r2 1
 L = 0    L
 2 r   
 Self inductance will become 2L.
SECTION () :
d i1 di2
1. L1 = L2
dt dt
or L1di1 = L2di2 or L1i1 = L2i2
i1 L2
 i = L
2 1
v L
4. R= = = 1 ms.
 R
SECTION (J) :
d
J 1. EMF =  M 25 × 10–3 = M × 15
dt
5
or M = × 10–3 H
3
5
 = M = × 10–3 × 3.6 = 6.00 mWb.
3
J 3. Mmax = L1L 2 = 100  400 mH = 200 mH.
SECTION (K) :
K 2. Ceq = 3C
Qeq = 3Q
2
1 Q eq 3Q 2
E= = .
2 Ceq 2C
K 3. When switch K1 is opended and K2 is closed it becomes L–C circuit so applying energy conservation :
Q02 1 2 C1C 2
= Li ; Q0 = CeqV = C  C · V = (20 ×10–6)
2C 2 1 2
( 20  10 –6 )2 1
6 = (0.2 × 10–3) i2 i=1A
2  2  10 2

EXERCISE - 2
PART - I
Ndr dB
1. d = –  r 2 .
a dt
dB N
here = Bo  cos t d=– r2 . Bo  cos t dr
dt a
a a
B o  N cos  t B o  N cos  t  r3 
 =  d = r 2 .dr =–
a 
o
a
 
 3  o
B o  N cos  t . a 2 1
 =– Amplitude  =  a2 N  Bo
3 3
4. Let v be the speed of rod at any line. Then the

equivalent and free body diagram of rod are shown
in figure (A) and figure (B) respectively.
Figure (A) Figure (B)

Applying newton’s second law to rod
mdv
= – (mg + Bil) .......(1)
dt
Bv
where i= ......(2)
R
from equation (1) and (2)
2 2 
 mg  B  v 
mdv 
=–  k 
dt 
0 t
m dv
integrating between proper limits we get  2 2
B  v
=   dt
0
u mg 
R
B2  2 u
mg 
mR R
t= Ans.
B 2 2
n
mg
6. For terminal velocity
Mg = LB
 BV0L
here  = R = R
eq eq
B 2L2 V0
Mg =
R1R 2 / R1  R 2
R1R 2 1
V0 = Mg. R  R 2 2 ............(i)
1 2 B L
Given that
I12 R1 = 0.76 ......(ii)
& I22 R22 = 1.2 ......(iiii)
 
where I1 = R and  2  R
1 2
Solve (i), (ii) and (iii)

method II (Better sol.)
power of gravitational force = P1 + P2
mg VT = 0.76 + 1.20
So VT = 1 m/s
2 2 ( 0.6 ) 2
 = BVT = 0.6 volt P1 =  R1 = =
R1 P1 0.76
36 0.36 3
R1 =  similarly R2 = = 
76 1.20 10
8. F – B = ma
 Bv  d 
F  c Bv   B  ma
 R dt 
Bv
F– × B = ma + C2 B2a
R
B2 2 dv
F– v = (m + C2 B2)
R dt
v t
dv 1
 B 2 2
=
(m  C 2B 2 ) 0  dt .
0F v
R
dv
For terminal velocity 0
dt
d
12. EMF = –
dt
d Bds
 4
EMF = – = 2 × 105 × loge volts, clockwise
dt 3
15. (i) The magnetic equivalent of the loop-rod system.

1
= 2
2
where,  = angular velocity of rod at any time ‘t’ then ,  = 0 – t
 m 2
  =   (0  B ) = 
2 3
3  0B 3
 = = rad/s2
2 2
applying loop law,
q
 + E – 0R – 0
C

1 0t  t  1 1 7t
B 2 (0 – t) + E – 0 R – =0  E = 0  R   – B 2 (0 – t) = 
2 C  C  2 2 4
3 2 0 2
( ii ) = 0 = 0 – t0 so t0 =  sec
2 3 3
2 2
to
3
 1 7t  t 7t 2 3 13
Also energy supplied by battery = E 0 dt =    0 dt = 
  = J Ans.
0 2 4  2 8 18
0 0
18. i = i0 [1 – e–tR/]
when S1 and S2 are closed then at t = 0.1 n 2
 100.1n2 
–
100 1 – e 1 
i=  
10  
 1
i = 10 1 – 2  = 5A.
 
when S2 is opened after that at t = 0.2n2 – 0.1n2
 500.1 500.1 n 2
– n 2 
100 1 – e 1  + 5e 1
i =
50  
 1 5
i = 2 × 1 – 
 32  32
31 5 67
i = 2    A
32 32 32
EMF d d Bds  ab 4 
22. i = = – = – = 0 n
R Rdt Rdt 2 R 3
 20 ab 4
F=  B d  = 2 n .
12 R 3
25._ Initial energy stored in the 900F capacitor is
1
V1 = × 900 × 10–6 × (100)2 = 4.5 J
2
Finally, energy stored in the 100F capacitor is
1
V2 = × 100 × 10–6 × (300)2 = 4.5 J
2
This shows that all the energy of the 900F capacitor has been transferred to 100F capacitor. This has been
accomplished by first converting electrical energy of 900F capacitor into magnetic energy in the inductor
and then converting this energy into electrical energy once again using S2 and S1 appropriately. In a LC
circuit the transfer of electrical energy into magnetic energy and vice versa takes place in a time T/4 where
T = 2 LC is the time period of the electrical oscillations. Thus
T1 = 2 10  900  10 – 6 = 0.6s
and T2 = 2 10  100  10 – 6 = 0.2s

Therefore, switch S2 is first closed for time 0.6/4 = 0.15s, during which time the 900 F capacitor gets fully
discharged and the current in the inductor is fully established. Next, the switch S2 is opened and simulta-
neously switch S1 is closed for time 0.2/4 = 0.05 s during which time the current in the inductor disappears
and the 100F capacitor gets fully charged. After this time, the switch S1 is also opened. The 100 F
capacitor is now charged to 300 V.
Thus t1 = 0.15s
and t2 = 0.05 s

28. Sol. When S2 is closed current in inductor
3
remains, i =

2R
  V1 +   V1   2 
 =  V 1  
R 2R 2R  3 
2 
 Potential difference (V) =  = Ans.
3 3
di 2 di 2
and L = =
dt 3 dt 3L
PART - II
Br 2 i
2. 10 + 10 i
2 2
(50) (20) (0.1)2 30 i 1

= ,i= A
2 2 3
5. In the loop containing wire AB the flow of current will be from B to A because emf generated in that loop is less
than the emf generated in the loop containing CD.
 Bv 
9. P = F.V = BiV = B    V, P  V2
 R 
r dB r cos  h
12.  Ed   , E = 2 dt
, E cos =
2
B0 = B
2 0
h 
VQ – VP =  B 0  2  = B0  R2 – 2
 2 
15. Since the tube is very long the force on magnet due to induced current will continue to oppose its motion till
it acquires a constant speed.
19.
d
Using ; VA – VB = RI + L
dt
140 = 5R + 10 L
60 = 5R – 10 L
 L = 4H. Ans.

23. Magnetic lines of force do noy pass inside a super conducting loop
hence  = 0
d
=0
dt
or  = constant.
24. Rate of work done by external agent is :

dw BL.dx
= = BLv & thermal power dissipated in the resistor = e = (BvL)
dt dt
clearly both are equal, hence (A) .
If applied external force is doubled, the rod will experience a net force and hence acceleration. As a
result velocity increases, hence (B)
e
Since ;  =
R
On doubling ‘R’, current and hence required power becomes half.
Since, P = BLv
Hence (D).
1 2
27. U= LI
2
dU d
= L = RI02 (1 – e–t/)e–t/
dt dt
dU 1  dU  E2
is maximum when e-t/ = or  dt  = = 1 W..
dt 2  max 4R
E
therefore the current at that instant is = 1A
2R
EXERCISE:-3
2. (A) Due to current carrying wire, the magnetic field in loop will be inwards the paper. As current is
increased, magnetic flux associated with loop increases. So a current will be induced so as to decrease
magnetic flux inside the loop. Hence Induced current in the loop will be anticlockwise. The current in left
side of loop shall be downwards and hence repelled by wire. The current in right side of loop is upwards and
is hence attracted by wire. Since left side of loop is nearer to wire, repulsive force will dominate. Hence wire
will repel the loop
(B) Options in (B) will be opposite of that in (A)
(C) When the loop is moved away from wire, magnetic flux decreases in the loop. Hence the options
for this case shall be same as in (B)
(D) When the loop is moved towards the wire, magnetic flux increases in the loop. Hence the op-
tions for this case shall be same as in (A)
No net torque will act on loop when current changes.
dB
4. At t = 2s B = 4T; = 2T/s
dt
dB
t=2s B = 4T; = 2T/s
dt
A = 20 × 30 cm 2
dA
= 600 × 10–4 m 2; = –(5 × 20) cm 2/s
dt
= – 100 × 10–4 m 2/s

d  d(BA )   BdA AdB 
E=– =–   = –  dt  dt 
dt  dt   
= – [4×(–100 × 10–4) + 600 × 10–4 × 2]
= – [–0.04 + 0.120] = – 0.08 v
Alternative
 = BA = 2t x 0.2 (0.4 – vt)
= 0.16t – 0.4 vt2
d
E=– = 0.8 vt – 0.16
dt
at t = 2s
E = – 0.08 V
7. Even after insertion of the rod the current in circuit will increase with time till steady state is reached.
9. Magnetic field cannot do work, hence statement-1 is false.
10.
x
It is obvious that flux linkage in one ring due to current in other coaxial ring is maximum when x = 0 (as
shown) or the rings are also coplanar. Hence under this condition their mutual induction is maximum.
12. Potential difference will set up between the centre and the rim of the disc as the free electrons will get
concentrated at the rim.
15. Let the current in inductor L1 is 1 and current in inductor L2 is 2 then,
L1d1
  ( 1   2 ) R  0
dt
L 2 d 2
  ( 1   2 ) R  0
dt
d I2 L1 L2
Hence (L I – L2 I2) = 0, L1 I1 – L2I2 = constant = 0, I = L , I1 = L  L (I1 + I2)
dt 1 1 1 2 1 2
or 1 at steady state will be
L2
R(L1  L 2 )

EXERCISE:-4
PART - I
e2
2. Power P =
R
 d 
here e = induced emf = –   Where  = NBA
 dt 
 dB 
 e = – NA  
 dt 
1
also R
r2
where R = resistance, r = radius,  = length
N2 r 2 P1
 P  P2 = 1

3. (i) For an element strip of thickness dx at a distance x
from left wire, net magnetic field (due to both wires)
0 I 0 I x
B= + (out wards)
2 x 2 3a - x
 0I  I 1  l
=    l a
2  x 3a  x 
Magnetic flux in this strip,
 0I  I 1  a
d = BdS =    a dx
2  x 3a x
3a
2a
 total flux  =  d
a
 0Ia 2a 1 1   0Ia
=     dx or  = In (2)
2 a  x 3a  x  
 0 a In(2)
 = ( I0 sin t ) ..............(i)

Magnitude of induced emf,
d  0 aI0  In2
e= - = cos t = e0 cos t
dt 
 0 aI0  In2
Where e0 =

Charged stored in the capacitor,
q = Ce = Ce0 cos t ................(ii)
and current in the loop
dq
i= = C  e0 sin t .............(iii)
dt
 0 aI0 2 C In2
imax = C  e0 = Ans.

(i) Magnetic flux passing through the square loop
 sin t [ From equation (i) ]

i.e., magnetic field passing through the loop is increasing at t = 0. Hence, the included current will
produce  magnetic field (from Lenz’s law). Or the current in the circuit at t =0 will be clockwise (or
negative as per the given convention). Therefore, charge on upper plate could be written as,
q = – q 0 cos t [ from equation (ii) ]

 0 aCI0  In2
Here q 0 = Ce0 =

The corresponding q – t graph is shown in figures.
di Q d2 Q Q d2 Q
7. L – = 0, –L – = 0, Q = – LC
dt C dt 2 C dt 2
+
++
× × × ×
11 . EMF = VB is generated,
× × × ×
constant charges will also appear at the end of wire. v
× × × ×
× × –× ×
––
× × × ×
There is no heat loss after steady state which will come within a very small time.
(C) –
–
+
+
–
– +
E
Charge will be induced but net p.d. = 0 because net electric field inside the conductor is zero.
emf
(D) i Heat = i2 Rt
R
14. The horizotanl component of magnetic field due to solenoid will exert force on ring in vertical direction
F = BHi (2r)
Ft = MV
(  / t )
i=
 (2r ) 
 
 A 
BH i (2r) t = MV
BHA K
V= M

M
V2 K2
h = 2g  2 2
 M
hA > hB
K2 K2

2AM2A B2 MB2
 BMB > AMA  Using this we get
Answer (B) and (D)

17. Flux through circular ring
0 2
 = (0 ni) r2 = r 0 cos 300 t
L
d  0 r 2  0
i= i= . sin 300 t × 300
Rdt RL
 r 2 .300 
= 0 0 sin 300 t  RL  M =  . r2
 
  2r 4 .300 
= 0 0 sin 300 t  RL  (Take 2 = 10)
 
10  10 4  300
=
100  10
N=6 Ans.
 0iR2
20. B=
2(R 2  X2 )3 / 2
0iR2 0iR2  0iR2  i

B= = =  0
2(R 2  3R2 )3 / 2 2( 4R2 )3 / 2 3
2 . 2 . R 16R
 = NBA cos45°
 0i 2 1 0ia2
= 2 16R a 
2 8 2R
 0a 2  0a 2
M= M =
i 27 / 2 R 2P / 2 R
P=7
PART - II
vB  2vB
3. Current  = =
R/2R 3R
vB
1 = I2 =
3R
4. In LC oscillation energy is transfered C toL
1 2
or L to C maximum energy in L is = L max
2
2
qmax
Maximum energy in C is =
2C
Equal energy will be when
1 2 1 1 2 1
L = L max = max
2 2 2 2
1 
 = max sint = max t =
2 4
2  T
or t= or t=
T 4 8
1 
t= 2 LC = LC Ans.
8 4

SOLUTIONS OF ADVANCE LEVEL PROBLEMS
PART - I
1. Equivalent inductance Leq = L + 2L = 3L
Ceq = C + 2C = 3C
1 1
 Frequency of oscillation f = =
2 L eqC eq 6 LC
2. When the key is at position (2) for a long time ;

the energy stored in the inductor is :
2
1 1  E  L.E.2
UB = Li02 = .L.   = 2
2 2  R2  2R 2
This whole energy will be dissipated in the form of heat when the inductor is connected to R1 and no
source is connected.
Hence (A).

3. The area vector of loop A = ± l b k̂

& B = 20t î + 10 x 2 ĵ + 50 k̂
 
 Magnetic flux is  = B . A = ± 50 l b
d
 emf = =0
dt
4. B = C – KT ; At t = 0, B = C  initial flux = Ca2 , final flux = 0
Change in flux C a 2
Total charge flown = =
Re sis tan ce R
BdA Bd dr
5. e= = ( r 2 ) = B2r
dt dt dt
6. Since flux is constant, induced current in the loop is zero. The work needed to maintain its velocity is
zero.
d B d (b  )
7. E= =
dt dt
= Bbv = B × 2 × 10–2 × 20 = 0.40 B
1 10 2
t = = 5 × 10–4 sec = 500  sec
20
6  10 2
t= = 3 × 10–3 sec = 3000  sec
20

8. When the ring falls vertically, there will be an induced emf across A & B (e = Bv (2R)).
Note that there will be a potential difference across any two
points on the ring, line joining whom has a projected length in
the horizontal plane.
For example, between points 'P' & 'Q' there is a projected
length 'x' in the horizontal plane.
 P.d. across P & Q is :
V = B v x.
But for points C and D : x = 0.
Therefore; P.d. = 0.
Hence (B).
9. Alternate – Considering rotation of diameter about lowest point :
B  (2 r )2
e= = 2Bvr at A with respect to plane (since pure rotation).
2
and e = – 2Bvr at B with respect to plane
So, potential difference between these two points = 4Bvr
Hence (C)
10. || = B v where l is the edge perpendicular to both B and v i.e.c.


|  | = B v c.
Now by right hand thumb rule magnetic force an a positive charge moving towards right is in down ward
direction Hence end P will be positive.
Vp – VQ is positive.
 = + Bvc.
11. BH = B cos 
BV = B sin 
BH = BV cot .
12. Since all the wires are connected between rim and axle so they will generate induced emf in parallel, hence
it is same for any number of spokes.
13. The flux in rectangular loop due to current i in wire is

d b
µ0 i µ0ia bd
=  a dx = n
2x 2 d
d
Mutual inductance is &

 µ0 a bd
M= = n
i 2 d
 Mutual inductance is proportional to ‘a’.
 0iR 2 d  0 i 2 2
14. A = 2 2 3/2
.r 2  EA = – = R r (–3/2) (R2 + x 2)–5/2 . 2x (v)
2(R  x ) dt 2
dE A d x
EA is maximum when = 0 =0
dx dx (R  x 2 )5 / 2
2
5x
or (R2 + x 2)5/2 – (R2 + x 2)3/2 2x = 0
2
R
or R2 + x2 – 5 x2 = 0 or x = Ans.
2

15. E =  × 10–9 sint

Also E = i × 2.  i = × 10–9 sin t.
2
dU d 1 2 di
16. Rate of increment of energy in inductor = =  Li  = Li
dt dt  2  dt
Current in the inductor at time t is:
t t
 di i0  
i = i0 (1  e  ) and = e
dt 
t t

dU Li0 
 = e  (1  e  )
dt 
dU
= 0 at t = 0 and t = 
dt
Hence E is best represented by :
1 1
17. A=  × 6 × 4 –  × 2 vt tan 37º × vt
2 2
= B A
– d 3
e = =+ Bv2 × 2t = iR'
dt 4
it
pt2
P t2 parabolic variation)
18. L = 0n2r2
N N2
A = r2 n= L =  0 A
 
By putting the given values, it can be seen that it is maximum for solenoid no.4.
19. the equator can be seen as a conducting ring of radius
Re revolving with angular velocity  in a perpendicular magnetic field B.
BR 2e
Potential difference. across its center and periphery =
2
Potential at pole = potential of the axis of earth i.e. potential at point O
2
B R e
Veqvator – Vpole = .
2
1
20. Time constant = = 50 msec
20
E 3.165  20
so i = 0.633 imax = 0.633  E= = 100 V
R 0.633
21. When the switch is at position 1 :
1 2 LE 2
UB = Li0 =
2 2R 2
E
Just after the switch is shifted to position 2, current  = is flowing across the resistance. Hence, at
R
that instant P.d. across reisistance will be :
E
V = R = .R = E
R
PART - II
dv
1. By newton's law : mg  iB = m  (1)
dt
q
By KVL d s}kjk B v = i R +  (2)
c
dv di i
differentiate (2) w.r.t. time B  =R +  (3)
dt dt c
dv m  di i 
Eliminate by (1) & (3) mg  i B = R  
dt B  dt c 
di mi
 m g B  i B2 2 = m R dt +  (4)
c
di
i will be maximum when = 0. Use this in (4)
dt
m gB  c
 m g B c = i (B2 2 c + m)  imax = Ans.
m B 2  2 c
2. Let i1 and i2 be the current through L and R at any time t

B v di1
 i = i1 + i2  = i2 and B  v = L dt
R
dv  B v 
Force on conducting rod = m =  i B =   i1  R   B
dt  
B2  2
 mdv=   B i1 dt  v dt
R
B2  2
 m  dv =  B  i1 d t   v dt
R
B2  2
 m (vf  u) =   B Q – x
R
(vf = velocity, when it has moved a distance ' x ' )
B2 2
 x  m ( v f  u)
 Q= R = 1C.
B
3. (a)
Figure a. Charges at t = 0 sec. Figure b. Charges at any time t

The charges on both capacitors are shown at t = 0 sec. and any time t later in figure a and b.
Applying KVL to the loop at any time when current i flows through it.
di 9CV0  Q Q
L + – =0
dt 2C 2C
di Q 9CV0  Q
for current to be maximum =0 or + =0 or Q = 6 CV0
dt 2C C

1 1 1 33
Total energy in the system at t = 0 is Ui = L (0) 2 + (2C) (4V0)2 + CV02 = CV02
2 2 2 2
Total energy when current i is maximum
1 1 (6CV0 ) 2 1 (3CV0 )2 1 27
Uf = L imax2 + + = Limax2 + CV02
2 2 2C 2 C 2 2
from conservation of energy Ui = Uf
33 1 27 6CV0 2
 CV02 = Limax2 + CV02 ; imax = Ans
2 2 2 L
4. Due to charged capacitor current will flow in the rod in downward direction. Hence the rod will experience
magnetic force towards right. Then an emf (motional) will be induced in the rod.
Let the charge on capacitor and speed of rod at any time t be q and v respectively.
q
Applying loop law we get – iR – Bv = 0 ...(1)
C
dv
The force on rod is F=m = Bi ...(2)
dt
differentiating equation (1) w.r.t. time t we get
i di dv
– –R – B =0 ... (3)
C dt dt
from equation (2) and (3) we get
di B22 1  di
=–    i  = – Kdt ...(4)
dt  mR RC  i
B 2  2C  m
where K = at t = 0 sec , q = CV0 and v = 0
mRC
V0
 from equation (1) the current at t = 0 is i0 =
R
i t
di
integrating equation (4)  dt
i =–K 
V0 R 0
V0
we get i= K t
R e
B BV0 – Kt
from equation (2) dv = i dt or dv = e dt
m mR
integrating the equation
v t
dv = B V0 –Kt BV0  1  –Kt BV0
  e dt  v=    [e – e0] = [1 – e–Kt]
0 0 m R mR  K  mRK
  B2 2 1  
  t
  mR RC  
BC V0 1  e  

By substituting ‘K’ we get v=
m  B 2  2C  
 

5. B = Bx î + By ĵ
dE dB
y axis
where Bx =  dB sin 
By =  dB cos  
x axis
µ0 (  0 x ) ( x) dx
where dB = .
4 r2  r
K( 0 x )
similarly dE = dx
r2 
x dx
E = Ex î + Ey ĵ
where Ex =  dE cos 
Ey =  dE sin 
B 2 / 2µ0 B2
Energy density ratio = 1 = 2 .c 2
 0E 2 E
2
put the value of B & E and solve.
[Do not solve completely, it is very lengthy]
6. Magnetic field B at point of differential element is

0 i
B= emf induced in this element is d = B V dx
2a  x cos 
 
  
0 i  x dx 0 i  
 x  dx
 d = .  = d    0  a  
2 (a  x cos ) 2 cos      x 
0
  cos   
 0i   a n a   cos  

=    .............. Ans.
2 cos   cos   a 
7. Given that x >> a

k
magnetic field at the centre of the coil due z
y
to the bar magnet is , j
i
 0 2M 0 M V
B= = x
4 x 3 2 x 3 a
x
Due to this, magnetic flux linked with the coil will be -
0 M  0Ma 2
 = BS = 3 (a2) =
2 x 2x 3
 Induced emf in the coil , due to motion of the magnet is ,
d   0Ma 2  d  1 
 
e= =–  2  dt  x 3 
dt  
 0Ma 2  3  dx 3  0Ma 2  dx 
 V
= 4 = V 
2  x  dt 2 Rx 4  dt 

Therefore , induced current in the coil is,
e 3  0Ma 2
i= = V
R 2 Rx 4
Magnetic moment of the coil due to this induced current will be ,
3  0Ma 2
M’ = iS = V (a2)
2 Rx 4
3  0 Ma 4 V
M’ =
2 Rx 4
 
Potential energy of M' in B will be ,
U = – M’ B cos1800
U = M’B
3  0 Ma 4 V   0 . M 
= 3
2 Rx 4  2 x 
i
V
S N N
B
a (due to magnet)
M
(of coil)
3  02M2 a 4 V 1
U=
4 R x7
dU 21  02M 2 a 4 V
 F=– =
dx 4 Rx 8
Positive sign of F implies that there will be a repulsion between the magnet and the coil.
Note that here we cannot apply
 0 6 MM'
F= (directly)......(i)
4 x 4
because here M’ is a function of x however equation (1) can be applied where M and M’ both are constants.
8.  
2
H =  2R =
R
where R = 2 × 4 × 1 = 8  and  = 4 × 10 = 40
EMF a2B a2B

9. I= = – v–  22.4mA
R R X Rt
Method II:
Take B = –10–3x + 7t + B0 where B0 is constant
x a
dö å
=
yx
 adyB ,  = dt
, i=
R
.

10. Let 0 be the initial current in the steady state condition before shifting the switch.

 0 
R
Let I'0 be the current in the circuit at time t = 0+.
Since the flux associated with inductors will be same just before and after the shifting of switch, (otherwise
the induced emf would be infinite)
 = 0L = '0 (L + 2L)
0 
or '0 = 
3 3R
If  is the instantaneous current in the circuit at time t, then
 t
d d d 2
 – 3L – R  0 3L   – R   dt
 or  – R 3L
dt dt  '0 0
2Rt
  – R  – 2Rt  – R –
In    e 3L
  or 
  – '0 R  3L – R
3R
 –2Rt 
2Rt  2 
or  – R =
2
e
–
3L or   1 –  e 3L 
3 R 3 
 
11. Flux inside the strip = B. I. dr

= B0 (1 + r2). Idr
y  y3 
Total flux in the loop =  B0 (1  r 2 ) Idr   B0I.  y 
 3 
0  
 2
– d  1  3y  dy 2 dy
Induced emf    – B0I = – B0I  1  y 
dt  3  dt dt
 
Given  = t
y t
dy
 t dy   tdt t2
    y=
dt 0 0 2
   2t 5     2t5 
   – B0I 1  t
   – B0I  t  

 4 


 4 

 0N 2 A
12. L= = 0n2AL
L
2
 10  2 2
= 0 ×   2    (1 10 )  1 .
 10 

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Physics Sheet Solutions 2 st Dispatch

© Copyright reserved 2012-13.

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 1

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 2

(d) Energy required to separate = – { total energy }

(e) Let its velocity = ‘v’

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 3

A-3. In horizontal direction

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 4

B 2. dEnet = 2dE sin

B 4. For point ‘A’ :

For point ‘B’ :

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 5

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 6

2r 2r 2 2r 2

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 7

In case (i) 0 < r < b ; Mass M = 0, therefore F(r) = 0

(i) 0 < r < b ; u(r) = - 2 Gm(a2 — b2)

7. Applying angular momentum conservation :

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 8

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 9

Fg sin  GMr sin 

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 10

The centripetal force on star of mass m is

14. (i) g’ = g – R cos 2 

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 11

or h = 99.5 R  99R Ans

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 12

M 2rdr 2GM rdr P

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 13

2GM 2GMe  10 2GMe

3Gm 6Gm 9Gm

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 14

4. as E is constant, so the Potential (V = – E dr ) will be proportional to r

Applying energy conservation form P to O

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 15

11. In two star problem

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 16

3. Total distance from apogee to perigee

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 17

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 18

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 19

6. (a) Orbital speed

GMe 6.6  10 11( 6  10 24 )

( 6.6  10 11 )(6  10 24 )( 220 )

Total loss in mech. energy during 1500 rev.

= (1.4 × 105) × 1500

GMem   (6.6  10 11  6  10 23  220) 

Solving get rg = 6812 km

GMe 6.6  10 11  6  10 23

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 20

from angular momentum conservation about the sun,

(6 × 1041) = n (2 × 1030) n  3  1011

RESONANCE SOLN GRAVITATION - 21

A-3. (i) Q = i  t = 5 × 4 × 60 = 1200C

 (3.5  10 –5 )  (50  10 –2 ) 0.35

RESONANCE SOLN CURRENT ELECTRICITY - 22

RESONANCE SOLN CURRENT ELECTRICITY - 23

(d) P of the cell consumed P = i = 12 W

RESONANCE SOLN CURRENT ELECTRICITY - 24

Potential difference across upper 4 resistance is zero so current is also zero.

V = Ig (R + G)  0.2 = 0.002 (R + 30) R = 70 

4 100 r 600  6 r  400  4 r  300 r 310 r  1000