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How will this frame deflect? How will this frame deflect?
Deflections
M
Since the moment is positive (+)
the curvature of the beam is also
positive or in this case concave
upward
Deflections
dy
If the angles are small, then the
tan ≈ , the slope can be written as:
dx
Deflections
The change in length of the top fiber dl in terms of d and the distance c
from the neutral axis is:
dl d c
Deflections
Elastic Beam Theory
dl
dx
Deflections
Elastic Beam Theory
dl d c
dl d
dl d c c
dx dx
Deflections
d d y 2
d d y
2
2 c 2
dx dx dx dx c
If the behavior is elastic, the flexural stress, s, can be related to the strain, e,
at the top fibers by Hooke’s Law, = E
d 2y
2
dx Ec
Deflections
For elastic behavior the relationship between flexural stress at the top of the
beam and the moment acting on the cross-section is:
Mc
I
Substituting the value of s in the equation on the last page, gives the basic
differential equation of the displacement of an elastic beam:
2
d y M M
2
y dx dx
dx EI EI
Deflections
M
y dx dx
EI
If we can write a continuous function for the moment over
the beam we can integrate the function and find the
displacement as a function of x.
B
L
A
B
MA
L
A
Ay
M A 0 M A PL M A PL
F y 0 Ay P Ay P
Deflections
P
M
B
PL x V
L
A
P
M cut 0 M Px PL M P( x L)
Deflections
M P ( x L)
dx dx
EI EI
P x 2
Lx C1 ( x 0) 0
EI 2
P x2 PL2
Lx ( x L)
EI 2 2EI
Deflections
Integrate the slope equation to determine the
displacement
P x2
y dx
EI 2
Lx dx
P x 3
Lx
2
C2 y ( x 0) 0
EI 6 2
P x 3
Lx
2
PL3
y y ( x L)
EI 6 2 3EI
Deflections
Example: Determine the equations for slope and
displacement in the following beam.
A L B
A L B
Any questions?