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  • PLATE TECTONICS (Continued) Divergent Boundaries More Evidence For Plate Tectonics

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    Jasmine Bianca Castillo
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    Divergent boundaries occur where tectonic plates pull apart, like at mid-ocean ridges. There are three types of spreading centers: oceanic rises with fast or slow spreading, and ultra-slow spreading with deep valleys and scattered volcanoes. Transform boundaries are where plates slide past each other, like the San Andreas Fault. More evidence for plate tectonics includes hotspots that cause volcanism as plates move over thermal plumes, and the global positioning system allows monitoring of plate movement. Convection currents and the gravitational pull and push of cooling oceanic crust drive the motions of tectonic plates.

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    Divergent boundaries occur where tectonic plates pull apart, like at mid-ocean ridges. There are three types of spreading centers: oceanic rises with fast or slow spreading, and ultra-slow spreading with deep valleys and scattered volcanoes. Transform boundaries are where plates slide past each other, like the San Andreas Fault. More evidence for plate tectonics includes hotspots that cause volcanism as plates move over thermal plumes, and the global positioning system allows monitoring of plate movement. Convection currents and the gravitational pull and push of cooling oceanic crust drive the motions of tectonic plates.

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    PLATE TECTONICS (Continued) Divergent Boundaries More Evidence For Plate Tectonics

    Uploaded by

    Jasmine Bianca Castillo
    Divergent boundaries occur where tectonic plates pull apart, like at mid-ocean ridges. There are three types of spreading centers: oceanic rises with fast or slow spreading, and ultra-slow spreading with deep valleys and scattered volcanoes. Transform boundaries are where plates slide past each other, like the San Andreas Fault. More evidence for plate tectonics includes hotspots that cause volcanism as plates move over thermal plumes, and the global positioning system allows monitoring of plate movement. Convection currents and the gravitational pull and push of cooling oceanic crust drive the motions of tectonic plates.

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    PLATE TECTONICS (Continued)

    Divergent Boundaries MORE EVIDENCE FOR PLATE


    TECTONICS
    • Places where plates are being
    pulled away from each other 1. Hotspots
    • Example: East African Rift, Mid- • Relatively small, long-
    Atlantic Ridge lasting, and exceptionally
    hot regions which exist
    Types of Spreading Centers: below the plates
    • Oceanic rise • Thermal plumes sustain
    • Fast spreading volcanism
    • Gentle slopes • Traces the direction of
    • Ex. East Pacific plate motion
    rise, 16 cm per year • e.g. Hawaiian Emperor
    • Oceanic ridge Seamount Chain
    • Slow spreading
    • Steep slopes 2. Global Positioning System
    • Ex. Mid-Atlantic • Allows us to monitor
    ridge, 2.5 cm per plate movement
    year
    • Ultra-slow
    • Deep rift valley
    • Widely scattered
    volcanoes
    • Ex. Southwest
    Indian and Arctic
    oceans

    Transform Boundaries
    • Places where plates slide past
    each other
    • Shallow but strong earthquakes
    • Example: San Andreas Fault

    DRIVING MECHANISMS
    1. Convection Currents
    a. Two-layer convection –
    separated at depth of
    660 kilometers
    b. Whole-mantle convection
    – entire 2900-km mantle

    2. Slab Pull and Ridge Push –


    gravitational sliding of dense,
    cooling mafic rocks.

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