International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X

Power Quality Improvement of Distributed Generation System

Incorporated With UPQC Using MATLAB/Simulink
Pravin G. Dhawale #1, Sunil Kumar S V #2 , ,Devendra Gowda #3, Anandraj #4
1,3Assistant Professor, 2Assistant Professor, 4Assistant Professor,
1,3EE Department, 2EEE Department, 4ME Department,
1,3Sanjay Ghodawat Group of Institutions, Kolhapur,
2Acharya Institute of Technology Bangalore,
4KLE Society’s B.V.Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering & Technolgy,Hubli.
1pravin.dhawale54@gmail.com
2avsgowda@gmail.com
3devendragowdapatil@gmail.com
4raj3276@gmail.com

Abstract- Now a day’s appliances based on power electronics are widely used in all sectors of the society which
develops more power quality problem. The main problems related to power quality are harmonics, flicker, swells,
sags and voltage interruption etc...Due to this electrical power quality has become a more concerned issue. Power
quality is a combination of voltage quality and current quality any deviations from these qualities leads to power
quality issues. The power electronics based power conditioning devices can be an effective solution.
One such custom device is UPQC a system which can compensate voltage and current distortions
simultaneously. In this paper, discussed combined operation of UPQC with Distributed Generation (DG). This
system integrated with wind energy is able to compensate voltage sag/swell; load current disturbances.This model
will be simulated using MATLAB.

Keywords- Custom power device, UPQC, DG, sag, Swell

I. INTRODUCTION
In the present world of electrical power system the use of power electronic devices are increasing linearly
and play a vital role in the power systems. The main drawback of these power electronic devices is that
they are always connected to nonlinear loads which draw discontinuous current and also have an
impedance variation which affects the quality of power in the system. Power quality is combination of
voltage quality and current quality any deviation from these qualities leads to the power quality issues.
The main effects of power quality problems are voltage sags, swells, interruption and harmonics. Due to
this decreased quality of power, the loses increases and also abnormalities in distribution side will also be
caused.

In order to overcome this difficulty active and passive filters will be used. The passive filters are now
obsolete due to its draw backs like bulky conductor and isolation between input and output. Therefore
passive filters are replaced by custom power devices in the present day power systems as it provides
active filtering, load balancing, power factor improvement and voltage regulation. There are major
custom power devices are STATCOM,D-STATCOM
, DVR, UPQC etc.

In the present work UPQC is custom device incorporated which can compensate voltage and current
quality problems simultaneously. Which has two major parts series inverter and shunt inverter which are

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X

connect back to back through a DC link. Where series inverter provides voltage compensation and shunt
inverter provides current compensation. The world wide concern about the environmental pollution and
increased energy demand promotes the usage of distributed generation system (DG). DG system is
generated or stored by various small distributed energy resources. There are several DGs such as PV
system, fuel cell, wind turbine etc. A wind DG is incorporated as it is pollution free, reduced operational
cost, less maintenance etc.

II. SYSTEM DISCRIPTION

The system considered is as shown in the fig1. In which a three phase four wire system is connected to
UPQC through linear transformer which limits the flow of current to series inverter of UPQC.

Fig. 1.Block Diagram of UPQC

UPQC is connected before the load to make the load voltage distortion free. In the UPQC model there are
two voltage source inverters with a common DC link. Where a series inverter acts as variable voltage
source which is in series to AC line and shunt inverter acts as variable current source which is connected
in shunt to AC line. A DC link is a capacitor. Voltage across this provides self supporting DC voltage for
proper operation of both inverters and it also acts as source of active and reactive power. The load
connected is a non linear which draws discontinuous current and a varying impedance. It is a combination
of diode feeding RL system.

A. Series Inverter Controller

A series inverter is responsible for the mitigation of supply side disturbances such as voltage sag, swell,
flickers and interruptions. It inserts the voltage in such a way that to maintain load voltages at desired
level, balanced and distortion free.

Fig.2. Proposed system

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X

A unit vector template is obtained by multiplying input voltage with the gain. For better synchronization
of these signals, unit vector template is passed through PLL. PLL is used to detect the fundamental
positive sequence component of the voltage at PCC. For phases a, b, c the load voltage and current in α–β
coordinates can be represented by π/2 lead as
1. Vaα = vm sin (ωt)
2. Vaβ = vm sin (ωt)
3. Vbα = vm sin (ωt-120)
4. Vbβ = vm sin(ωt-120)
5. Vcα = vm sin(ωt+120)
6. Vcβ = vm sin(ωt+120)

Fig.3. UPQC control part- series inverter control

B. Shunt inverter control

The voltage from the series inverter is passed through the DC link which acts as a source to shunt
inverter. This is connected across the load which is responsible for mitigating current related problems
such as poor power factor, load harmonics and load unbalance. The shunt inverter injects the current to
the system such that the load current becomes balanced. The current compensation is done by the
controller; the controller used here is a P-Q controller. The main reasons for using P-Q controller in active
filters are that they use instantaneous values of current and voltage such that the dynamic response is
given. P-Q controller works on Clark’s transformation.

[ܸ‫]݋‬ 1/√2 1/√2 1/√2 [ܸܽ]

[ܸߙ] = ቎ 1 −1/√2 −1/√2቏= [ܸܾ]
[ܸߚ] 0 √3/2 −√3/2 [ܸܿ]
[‫]݋ܫ‬ 1√2 1/√2 1/√2 [‫]ܽܫ‬
[‫√ =]ߙܫ‬2/3 ቎ 1 −1/2 −1/2 ቏ [‫]ܾܫ‬
[‫]ߚܫ‬ 0 √3/2 −√3/2 [‫]ܿܫ‬
P = Vαiα + Vβiβ

[݅ܿߙ ∗] ‫ ߙݒ‬−‫ ߙݒ ߚݒ‬−‫ߚݒ‬

Q = Vαiβ –Vβiα
൤ ൨൤ ൨
ଵ
[݅ܿߚ ∗] ඥ௏ఈమା௏ఉమ ‫ߙݒ ߚݒ ߙݒ ߚݒ‬
=

The icߙ and icߚ values obtained from the clark’s transformation is fed to inverse clarks transformation
block where in which we get a reference current icref at the end of the block we get the compensating
current fed to shunt inverter. The compensated voltage from series inverter and the compensated current
from shunt inverter is combined and is fed to the load side. Thus the power quality is improved

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Fig.4. Shunt controller block

C. Distributed generation
The interest in DG system has been increased rapidly the world wide concern about environment
pollution and energy shortage has led to increasing interest in generation of renewable electrical energy.
DG in simple terms can be defined as a small scale generation it is active generating unit that is connected
in distribution level. Different types DG systems are PV system, wind turbine; fuel cell etc. wind power
has become fastest growing energy source among various renewable energy source. Wind turbine has
packaged system that includes rotor generation, turbine blades and drive. As the wind blows through the
blades the air exerts a force that causes the blades to turn the rotor and rotor coverts kinetic energy into
mechanical energy which is fed to generator. It converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.

III. SIMULATION AND RESULTS

The series inverter mainly functions to mitigate voltage harmonics and voltage imbalance. The main
function of the Series inverter is to compensate voltage difference. The shunt inverter mainly functions to
mitigate current harmonics and current imbalance. The figures below shows the simulation results of the
proposed system at the source and load side and also FFT analysis is shown to show reduction in THD.

Fig.5. Wind turbine

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X

A.UNBALANCED VOLTAGE SAG

Fig.6. Wind turbine

Fig.6.Shows the unbalanced voltage sag appears in the power system when there is fault between any two
phases to ground

Fig.7. Wind turbine

Fig.6. Voltage sag compensation (unbalanced voltage sag)
Fig.7 .shows the compensated voltage at the load side after unbalanced fault in the source side

B. BALANCED VOLTAGE SAG

Fig.8. Source voltage

Fig.8.shows balanced voltage sag appears in the power system when there is fault between three phases to
ground.

Fig.9. Load voltage

Fig.9. Voltage sag compensation (unbalanced voltage sag)

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X

Fig.9. shows compensated voltage at the load side after balanced fault in the source side

C. VOLTAGE INTERRUPTION

Fig.6.5. interrupted Source voltage in the power system

Fig.10. compensated voltage at the load side

Fig.8. Voltage interruption

D.CURRENT COMPENSATION

Fig.11. Interrupted source current in the power system

Fig.12. Compensated current at the load side

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X

Fig.13. Source current

Fig.14. Load current

IV. CONCLUSION

In this paper, the combined operation of UPQC with DG is performed. The proposed UPQC system is
composed of series and shunt inverter with Wind turbine as DG system connected to the DC link. This
paper analyzed problems related to voltage and current of the power system such as voltage sag, swell,
interruption and harmonics which affects the quality of the power. Hence they are compensated by series
and shunt inverter respectively. The operation of UPQC with DG has been evaluated through simulation
studies using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This research was supported by SGI. We thank our colleagues who provided insight and expertise that
greatly assisted the research. We would like to show our gratitude to the SGI for sharing their pearls of
wisdom with us.

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