The Scientific Times

September 17, 1730 Timothy Kunsak

WHERE WOULD WE BE WITHOUT HIM?

Special points of interest: Sir Isaac Newton (1642- in mathematical fluxions. This work
1726) is one of the most famous scien- was so important because this was
 Learn about how the fol- the basis for other work in mathemat-
tists of all time. Almost everyone has
lowing scientists made ics. His biggest contribution was the
heard of him. He got his education at
huge contributions to the invention of calculus near the end of
Cambridge University and when he
world and what they have the 17th century. Without the inven-
graduated, he remained there as a
accomplished in their tion, many things that we are doing
lecturer for a year. He has founded
careers. today may not have been possible,
the basic principles of physics. He did
 Read ahead as we talk this by forming his three laws of mo- such as landing on the moon. He also
about Isaac Newton, Fran- tion. In fact, this along with his other is responsible for the finding of Uni-
cis Bacon, Robert Boyle, work in physics was so great that he versal Gravitation. It states that every
Johannes Kepler, and Rene was knighted, which was an incredible point mass attracts every single other
point of mass. This finding helped him few of Isaac Newtons findings and
Descartes. honor in England at the time. He was
determine “how space worked”. He accomplishments. He would go on for
also the first scientist to be knighted.
analyzed the trajectory of comets, the rest of his career and discover
Many modern technologies that we use
tides, and much more. Newton also much more. All these reasons are why
today may not even have been invent-
contributed highly to the field of op- Sir Isaac Newton is one of the best
ed if it weren’t for Newton’s discover-
tics. He realized that color is the scientists ever to live. We owe so
ies. Some of these things are comput-
result of objects interacting with much to him. Where would we be
ers, and televisions. One of his first
already colored light. These are just a without him?
contributions to society was his work
Inside this issue:

Best Scientist Ever? 1

Interview With Johannes Kepler
Interview with Kepler 1
Interviewer–” Mr. Kepler we have been made aware of some of your most recent findings in the field of science. Can
2
you tell us a little bit about that and some of your other findings.”
Interview with Boyle
Johannes Kepler- “Yes, and for those reading who don’t know who I am, I am Johannes Kepler, a German astrono-
3
mer. I am recognized for developing the laws of planetary motion. They are mainly made up of three main principles.
Obituary
The first of which being that the planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun. The second being that the time needed
to traverse any arc of a planetary orbit is proportional to the area of the sector between the central body of that arc.
Letter to the Editor 3
The last major law is that there is an exact relationship between the squares of the planets periodic times and the
cubes of the radii of their orbit.”
Works Cited 4
Interviewer- “That truly is amazing that you were able to draw these conclusions and find solutions to questions
6
people were asking. Tell us about some of your other findings.” (Continued On Page 2)
Inside Story
Johannes Kepler-”Well I was able to justify there being six planets and finding their distances to the sun. I also have
correctly identified the cause of tides on earth… the moon!”

Interviewer–”This is very impressive! Now what got you so interested in astrology?”

Johannes Kepler– “Well when I was very young, my mother always told me things about the heavens. I remember spe-
cifically one time, when I was nine years old she took me outside at night and I saw my first lunar eclipse. I have just
always been interested and intrigued by astrology.”

Interviewer- “That’s very inspiring. So I guess if it weren't for your mother, we may not have had the honor of you dis-
covering what we know about the planets! And I also know that you have done some work in optics. Can you tell me about
that?”

Johannes Kepler- “Absolutely, one of my most famous discoveries was that we see everything upside down. Our brains
just correct the image that we see. I also have designed a microscope that is very famous and used often. It has two
convex lens’ which allow for a much higher magnification.”

Interviewer- “Wow, that’s hard to believe.” Can you tell us how you used mathematics to prove your work?”

Johannes Kepler- “Well I used what’s called logarithms. To make sure that my work wasn't discredited in the future, I
proved logarithms to be true and work. To show that they transform multiplications and divisions to additions and sub-
tractions.”

Interviewer- “Well thank you very much Mr. Kepler for letting me interview you learn a little bit about what you do.”

Interview with Robert Boyle

Interviewer- “Today we are interviewing a natural philosopher who is known for his work in many
topics in science, but particularly chemistry. So, Mr. Boyle, tell us about how your career got start-
ed.”

Robert Boyle- “Well I began my formal education at Eton College at age eight. I was a very studi-
ous child, even at such a young age. Me and my brother Francis went on a huge tour of the conti-
nent with our tutor Isaac Marcombes. A few years later I returned home and began working on
scientific experiments in 1649. This interested me, so I was close with a bunch of philosophers.”

Interviewer- “Was there anyone in particular who inspired you or got you interested in a certain
field of science?”

Robert Boyle- “Yes, actually in that group of philosophers was a chemist named George Starkey
who got me very interested in the field of chemistry.”

Interviewer- “Its amazing to know who inspired a great scientist! Well tell us about some of your
work you have completed.”

Robert Boyle- “In 1654 I was invited to go to Oxford University. That was a great opportunity. I
accepted, and I worked with a group of philosophers and physicians. We focused a lot on pneumat-
ics after our invention of the air pump. We made several discoveries regarding air pressure and
vacuums. I published these findings in my first publication, New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall,
 The Scientific Times Page 3

Touching the Spring of Air and its Effects.

Interviewer- “And what kind of findings did you come across?”

Robert Boyle- “Well we found several physical characteristics of air such as its role in combustion, respiration, etc.. One of the findings actually came to
be called Boyle’s Law. This is the law that expresses the inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas.”

Interviewer- “Wow, that is very impressive. What do you believe is your most important work?”

Robert Boyle- “I believe the most important thing I have done in my career was strongly arguing for the need to study the natural world and medicine
using the principles of chemistry. I believe that this will create new findings and discoveries in these fields. Chemistry is very important, and the basis of
the natural world. People need to utilize the study of it to help them discover new things.”

Interviewer- “Thank you very much for spending your time with us and telling us a little bit about what you have done and how you have helped society
and science with your findings throughout your career.”

Obituaries
Last week on February 11
(1650) Rene Descartes, father of
Francine; son of the late Jeanne
(Brochard) and Joachim passed away
“God would not in Stockholm, Sweden at the age of 54.
have made this Rene was a great philosopher and
mathematician. He is known as the
universe as it is father of modern philosophy. He was
unless He very well educated, going to a Jesuit
college at age 8 and learning a law
intended us to degree at age 22. Rene was born on
March 31st 1596 in a town in central
understand it.”
France. The classes he took in school
prepared him for his future job as a
-Robert Boyle
philosopher. His ideas were very
advanced for the time period that he Descartes has done so much for
worked as a philosopher, hence the society, and will be loved and missed
name “Father of Modern Philosophy”. by many.
Rene went on a mission to uncover the
meaning of the natural world by using
principles of science and math. Some
of the wonderful things that Rene had
uncovered and “solved” gave him the
name mathematician. Rene had devel-
oped Cartesian Geometry, an empiri-
cal understanding of rainbows. He
also developed many ideas about what
is beyond earth such as when he
proposed a naturalistic account of
how the solar system is formed. Rene

Letter to Editor
By: Tim Kunsak
Hello, I am writing this
article so it may be published for
people to know about Francis Bacon
(1561-1626). Many people do not know
who he is, so I want to change that.
Francis was born in 1561 in England, he
would later become a lawyer and a
scientist. Pretty early in his life, he
faced hardship. He had a hard time
getting a job with a decent earning
after his father had died. His uncle
didn’t even help him. He eventually
got a job, and his pollical career kept
growing and growing. He ended up
becoming Viscount St. Albans. He
was impeached late that year for
accepting bribes. Now that his politi-
cal career was over, he had time to
focus on his passion for the philoso-
phy of science. He worked on how
science was conducted, and had
several ideas about how the scientific
method should be constructed, and
even wrote books about the topic. One
day in 1626 while working on the ef-
fects of ice on decaying meat he
caught a chill. A few weeks later, he
died because of bronchitis. For years,
his ideas had a huge influence on 17th
century science. Many groups had
used his ideas and methods to develop
later findings. Francis Bacon had
really pushed forward society with his
ideas, and pushed the era of human
understanding.
The Scientific Times Page 4

Works Cited
“The Contributions of Isaac Newton.” The Contributions of Isaac Newton :: Sir Isaac Newton Biography, September 17,
2017, www.123helpme.com/sir-isaac-newtons-contributions-view.asp?id=153312.

The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Johannes Kepler.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 12
Jan. 2017, www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Kepler

“Francis Bacon.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 14 Jan. 2015, www.biography.com/people/francis-bacon-

9194632.

“Home.” Famous Scientists, www.famousscientists.org/johannes-kepler/

Principe, Lawrence M. “Robert Boyle.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 30 Jan. 2017,
www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Boyle.

“René Descartes.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 23 Dec. 2016, www.biography.com/people/ren-descartes-

37613.c

“School of Life Sciences | Ask A Biologist.” Sir Isaac Newton: Discoveries | ASU - Ask A Biologist, 13 Apr. 2010, askabi-
ologist.asu.edu/sir-isaac-newton.

Williams, Matt. “What Did Isaac Newton Discover?” Universe Today, 18 Oct. 2016, www.universetoday.com/38643/what-
did-isaac-newton-discover/.