ITM Grid Scale Energy Storage 2012

ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
GRID SCALE ENERGY STORAGE | 25TH JUNE 2012
ITM POWER DESIGNS

AND MANUFACTURES
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND
CLEAN FUEL PRODUCTION
Contents
• Principles of Energy Storage

• Energy Storage Applications
• Energy Storage Technologies
• Mechanical Storage Systems ITM POWER DESIGNS
• Electrochemical Storage Systems AND MANUFACTURES
• Sector Export HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
• Business Case FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND
PROBLEM | OPPORTUNITY
Energy is the largest global market
• Market being completely overhauled

• Complete energy supply-chain rethink
• Colossal global capital investment
“Climate change is an opportunity. It isn't necessarily a burden. …

This way of thinking - of focusing on the costs and not the
opportunities has contributed to getting us bogged down.”
Joseph Stiglitz
BUSINESS PROPOSITION
ENERGY STORAGE | CLEAN FUEL
ENERGY STORAGE
Energy storage is the missing link
• Essential for energy sector decarbonisation

• Electrifying transport
• Electrifying heat
• Power | Transport | Heat
• Optimising energy systems
MISSING LINK
SUPPLY | DEMAND DYNAMICALLY COUPLED
Production matches consumption in sub-second timescale
• The system has no energy storage solution
• How can we use unpredictable generation?
Dynamic Coupling
Fuel Generation Transmission Distribution Electricity User
Supply Side Demand Side
PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY STORAGE

DYNAMIC COUPLING IS UNDERMINED
Shifting control from production to consumption

• Energy storage
• Demand side management
• Sector Export
Wind


• Energy storage
• Sector Export
Bulk Energy Storage Distributed Energy Storage
Wind


• Energy storage
• Sector Export
Bulk Energy Storage Distributed Energy Storage DSM
Wind


• Energy storage
• Sector Export
Wind Sector Export Fuel User

ENERGY
STORAGE
APPLICATIONS
TECHNOLOGIES
SEGMENTATION
SEGMENTED BY SIZE & STORAGE TIME
Technologies | Applications
• Commodity storage
• Renewable energy management
• Power Quality
• Customer Energy Management
STORAGE APPLICATIONS
SEGMENTATION BY STORAGE TIME | SIZE
SEGMENTED BY SIZE & STORAGE TIME
Technologies | Applications
• Supercapacitors
• Flywheels
• Batteries
• Flow cells
• Compressed Air
• Pumped hydro
• Hydrogen
STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
SEGMENTATION BY STORAGE TIME | SIZE
MECHANICAL
ENERGY
STORAGE
PUMPED HYDRO
COMPRESSED AIR
FLYWHEEL
Mechanical Inertia
• 3000 rpm | 50Hz
• Power | Frequency shedding
• Max 4% swing 48Hz|52Hz
• Obligation average 50Hz in 1hour
MECHANICAL INERTIA
Dinorwig Pumped Hydro Storage
• On-line in 1984
• 1890MW for 5hrs; 70% efficient
• Cost $310m ($164/kW, $33/kWhr)
• Frequency regulation services
• 8 sites were surveyed by CEGB
PUMPED HYDRO
• On-line in 1984
• Cost $310m ($164/kW, $33/kWhr)
PUMPED HYDRO
• On-line in 1984
• Cost $310m ($164/kW, $33/kWhr)
CAPACITY BY TECHNOLOGY | Q4 2011
Compressed Air Energy Storage
• Relatively long-term storage (several hours or days)
• Two CAES facilities now operating, one in Germany and one in Alabama.
• McIntosh, Alabama operating since 1991
• Reduces fuel consumption by 25 percent.
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE
Compressed Air Wind Turbines
• Conceptual
• Cuts out the middle man!
• Direct coupling of wind and conventional generation
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE
BEACON ENERGY | FLYWHEELS
Flywheel Energy Storage
• Instantaneous response
• 20MW Beacon Power
• 100kW units
FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE
BEACON ENERGY | FLYWHEELS
Flywheel Energy Storage
• Instantaneous response
• 20MW Beacon Power
• 100kW units
Aerial view of Beacon Power’s 20MW flywheel energy storage plant in Stephentown, New
York, which began operating in January. The facility stores and returns energy on a
moment-to-moment basis to provide grid-stabilizing frequency regulation services.
FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE
ELECTRO-
CHEMICAL
ENERGY
STORAGE
CAPACITORS
BATTERIES
FUEL CELLS
HYDROGEN
ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
Regone Plot: Supercapacitors | Batteries | Hydrogen
• Ultra and Super Caps
• Batteries
• Fuel Cells
REGONE PLOT | ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES
LEAD ACID | PIONEERS
Batteries: Mid Time Lapse (2hrs)
• Early trials using lead acid batteries
• Cannot separate power and energy
• EPRI cost target $1000 kW | $100 kWhr
BATTERIES
SODIUM SULPHUR
Na|S Batteries: Mid Time Lapse (2hrs)
• American Electric Power's grid in Charleston
• Batteries from NGK Insulators of Japan
• Three capable of discharging 6MW
• Operates at 300 to 350oC (Molten NaSx)
• Cost about $27 million
• Fire at NGK in Japan in 2011
BATTERIES
LITHIUM ION | EV BATTERIES
AES | A123
• A123 system uses spent EV batteries
• AES Energy Storage main contractor
• 12MW in Chile
A123 Systems batteries supply up to 12 megawatts of power at the Los Andes substation in Chile
BATTERIES
LITHIUM ION | EV BATTERIES
AES | A123 Laurel Mountain West Virginia
• 97.6MW wind farm
• 32MW | 64MWhrs Energy Storage
BATTERIES
FLOW
CELLS
REGENESYS
VRB | PRUDENT
ZBB
Flow Cells | Separates Power From Energy
• Ideal for long term bulk storage
• Modular design
• Designed and built in UK
FLOW CELLS | REGENESYS
Flow Cells | Separates Power From Energy
• Little Barford; 100MWhr (10MW x 10hr)
• Demonstrated the scalability of electrochemistry
• Valued by CSFB at £1bn
FLOW CELLS | REGENESYS
VRB | PRUDENT ENERGY
Vanadium Flow Cells
• Inventor: Prof Maria Skyllas-Kazacos
• VRB owned Regenesys and Sumitomo technologies
• VRB were bought out of administration by Prudent
• V2+|V3+ V5+|V4+
FLOW CELLS | VANADIUM
VRB | PRUDENT ENERGY
Vanadium Flow Cells
• Inventor: Prof Maria Skyllas-Kazacos
• VRB owned Regenesys and Sumitomo technologies
• Bought out of administration by Prudent
FLOW CELLS | VANADIUM
ZBB ENERGY CORP
Zinc Bromine | Flow Cells
• ZBB EnerStore battery is built in 50kWh modules
• Expandable to 500kWh in a singular enclosure
• 2MWh or more on a single point of connection
FLOW CELLS | ZINC BROMINE
Power/H2O
Hydrogen | Energy Storage
• Electrolysers produce H2 & O2 from power
• Fuel cells produce power from H2 & O2
• Combinations from energy storage systems
• Separates power from energy
Storage
Storage
• Power defined by Fuel Cell size
O2
• Energy stored defined by tank size
H2
Power/H2O
HYDROGEN | ELECTROLYSER | FUEL CELL
FUEL CELLS
HYDROGEN
SECTOR EXPORT
GAS INJECTION
SYNTHETIC CH 4

• Energy storage
• Sector Export
Wind Sector Export Fuel User

ELECTROLYSIS
Energy storage by DSM hydrogen production
• Modular, scalable and rapid response

• High conversion efficiency
• Ability to accommodate intermittent input
• Separates power from energy
ELECTROLYSIS
FUEL CELL CARS: ROLL OUT DATES
Hyundai ix35 FCEV Daimler F-Cell Honda Clarity Toyota FCV-R
2013 2014 2015 2015
GM Opel HydroGen4 Nissan X-TRAIL FCV VW HyMotion Ford Explorer FC SUV
2015 2015 2015 2015
Audi A2H2 Daihatsu FCHV Mini MPV Mazda 5 Premacy Renault Scenic ZEV H2
2015 2015 2015 2015
FUEL CELL CARS

APPLICATION | ROLL OUT
POWER TO GAS
The TSB funded GridGas study
• Opportunity analysis
• Compliance of gas injection
• Rapid response electrolysis
• Gas mixing
• Location of stranded gas assets in the UK
• Potential in Scotland
• Website coming soon (www.gridgas.co.uk)
Compliance Stranded Grids Installation
POWER TO GAS ENERGY STORAGE

SYNTHETIC METHANE
Utilising wind and CO2
• Counters wind curtailment

• Best with pure CO2
• Best with CHP
• Big in Germany
SNG SYSTEM
BUSINESS
CASE
COSTS
ATTRACTIVENESS
MARKETS
IRR
COSTS | ATTRACTIVENESS
$1000 kW | $100kWhr
• Adoption is rapid
• Costs are falling
• Analysis is moving target
• Hydrogen analysis out of date
COSTS | ATTRACTIVENESS
MARKETS | SIZE
IRR to 30% | Many $50bn
• Adoption follows RE
• 20% capacity threshold
MARKETS | SIZE
PROBLEM | OPPORTUNITY
Energy is the largest global market
• Market being completely overhauled

• Complete energy supply-chain rethink
• Colossal global capital investment
“Climate change is an opportunity. It isn't necessarily a burden. …

This way of thinking - of focusing on the costs and not the
opportunities has contributed to getting us bogged down.”
Joseph Stiglitz
BUSINESS PROPOSITION
Contents
• Principles of Energy Storage

• Energy Storage Applications
• Energy Storage Technologies
• Mechanical Storage Systems ITM POWER DESIGNS
• Electrochemical Storage Systems AND MANUFACTURES
• Sector Export HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
• Business Case FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND

ITM Grid Scale Energy Storage 2012

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ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

GRID SCALE ENERGY STORAGE | 25TH JUNE 2012

ITM POWER DESIGNS

• Principles of Energy Storage

• Market being completely overhauled

“Climate change is an opportunity. It isn't necessarily a burden. …

• Essential for energy sector decarbonisation

Fuel Generation Transmission Distribution Electricity User

Supply Side Demand Side

PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY STORAGE

Shifting control from production to consumption

Fuel Generation Transmission Distribution Electricity User

Supply Side Demand Side

PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY STORAGE

Shifting control from production to consumption

Bulk Energy Storage Distributed Energy Storage

Fuel Generation Transmission Distribution Electricity User

Supply Side Demand Side

PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY STORAGE

Shifting control from production to consumption

Bulk Energy Storage Distributed Energy Storage DSM

Fuel Generation Transmission Distribution Electricity User

Supply Side Demand Side

PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY STORAGE

Shifting control from production to consumption

Bulk Energy Storage Distributed Energy Storage DSM

Fuel Generation Transmission Distribution Electricity User

Wind Sector Export Fuel User

Supply Side Demand Side

PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY STORAGE

Shifting control from production to consumption

Bulk Energy Storage Distributed Energy Storage DSM

Fuel Generation Transmission Distribution Electricity User

Wind Sector Export Fuel User

Supply Side Demand Side

PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY STORAGE

• Modular, scalable and rapid response

Hyundai ix35 FCEV Daimler F-Cell Honda Clarity Toyota FCV-R

2013 2014 2015 2015

GM Opel HydroGen4 Nissan X-TRAIL FCV VW HyMotion Ford Explorer FC SUV

2015 2015 2015 2015

2015 2015 2015 2015

FUEL CELL CARS

The TSB funded GridGas study

Compliance Stranded Grids Installation

POWER TO GAS ENERGY STORAGE

Utilising wind and CO2

• Counters wind curtailment

• Market being completely overhauled

“Climate change is an opportunity. It isn't necessarily a burden. …

• Principles of Energy Storage

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