The method of measurement will be by square meter for the completed arrows or

symbols.
iii. CHEVRONS

Measurement of chevrons will be by square meter of each completed chevron.

b. PAYMENT

Payment for the respective Items of Pavement Markings (as described in the Bills of
Quantities) will be at the unit rates per number, per square meter, per linear meter or other
unit as included in the Bills of Quantities, which rate shall be considered as full
compensation for furnishing and installing the markings and shall be deemed to include, but
not be limited to, materials, equipment, labor, workmanship, protection from marring and
other related costs and all things necessary to complete the Works in accordance with this
Specifications, the Drawings and as directed by Company/EPC Contractor.

15.3. TRAFFIC SIGNS

The traffic signs shall be as indicated on the Drawings, as specified herein and as directed by
Company/EPC Contractor. The Sub-contractor shall include all materials, labor, tools,
equipment and appurtenances required to complete the furnishing and installing of all traffic
signs.

15.3.1 SHOP DRAWINGS AND SAMPLES

The Sub-contractor shall submit shop drawings, in accordance with Materials and
Manufactured Goods, of the Special Conditions of the Contract. The Sub-contractor shall
submit samples of all required materials for approval of Company/EPC Contractor before
delivery to the site.

15.3.2 REQUIREMENTS
This work shall consist of furnishing and installing reflectorized sign panels, sign supports, and
sign support foundations as indicated on the Drawings, in accordance with this Specifications
unless otherwise required in the Particular Specifications, or as directed by Company/EPC
Contractor.

15.3.3 DEFINITION OF SIGNING TERMS

The following are definitions of terms used in this Specifications:

a. BRIGHTNESS:

A measurement of the ratio of the quantity of incident light per unit area returned to an
observer from a reflector. This measurement is expressed in units of candlepower per
footcandle per unit area.
b. DIVERGENCE ANGLE:

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 The angle at the reflector between the observer's line of sight and the axis of the incident
light beam.
c. ENTRANCE ANGLE:

The angle at the ref/ector between the axis of the incident light beam and the normal to the
reflective surface.
d. INTENSITY:

A measurement of the ratio of the quantity of incident light per total area returned to an
observer from a reflector. This measurement is expressed in units of candlepower per
footcandle.
e. LEGEND:

Characters, letters, numbers, and symbols including the border appearing on the
background on the sign face.
f. SIGN FACE:

That part of a sign panel facing toward oncoming traffic.

g. SIGN PANEL:

The structural part of a sign made of assembled units or sheet metal, including reflectorized
material applied to the face and bearing a legend, but excluding the supporting posts or
structure.
h. SIGN SUPPORTS:

The posts, beams and structural tubes necessary to support the sign panels shall be as
indicated on the Drawings.

15.3.4 MATERIALS, GENERAL

The materials for the construction of foundations, supports and panels shall comply with the
requirements of the following Specifications:

 Concrete: Doc no. 23-99-75-1603, “Specification for Concrete Supply

& Construction”

 Reinforcement Steel: Doc no. 23-99-75-1603, “Specification for Concrete Supply

& Construction”

 Structural Steel: Doc no. 23-99-75-1607, “Specification for Structural Steel

Works”

 Paint ADM: Standard Specifications, Version 2.0, Section XII

 Aluminium Panels ADM: Standard Specifications, Version 2.0, Section XII

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15.3.5 SHEET REFLECTIVE MATERIALS
Type III, A - Glass Bead Retro-Reflective Element Material, Encapsulated Lens (High Intensity
Grade) shall be required for signs as indicated on the Drawings unless otherwise specified in
the Particular Specifications or directed by Company/EPC Contractor.
a. DESCRIPTION

Type III Sheeting consisting of spherical lens elements adhered to a synthetic resin and
encapsulated by a flexible transparent weatherproof plastic having a smooth outer surface.
The sheeting shall have a pre-coated adhesive backing protected by a removable liner and
be one of three levels of reflective intensity as specified on the Drawings or in this
Specifications or in the Particular Specifications.
b. COLOR REQUIREMENT

i. The colors specified should be matched visually and be within the color tolerance
limits indicated on the appropriate Highway Color Tolerance Charts. The Sub-
contractor shall submit certification as to compliance with this requirement. (Or)
ii. Through instrumental color testing the diffuse day color of the reflective material
shall comply with the requirements of Table 15.2 and shall be determined in
accordance with ASTM E1347, "Standard Method of Test for 45-Degree," O-Degree
Directional Reflectance of Opaque Specimens by Filter Photometry. (Geometric
characteristics must be confined to illumination incident within 10 degrees of, and
centered about, a direction of 45 degrees from the perpendicular to the test surface;
viewing is within 15 degrees of, and centered about, the perpendicular to the test
surface. Conditions of illumination and observation must not be interchanged.) The
standards to be used for reference shall be the MUNSELL PAPERS designated in
Table 15.2. The papers must be recently calibrated on a spectrophotometer. The test
instrument shall be one of the following or approved equal:

 GARDNER Multipurpose Reflectometer

 GARDNER Model AC2a Color Difference Meter

 MEECO Model V Colormaster

 HUNTERLAB 025 Color Difference Meter

c. REFLECTIVE INTENSITY

The reflective sheeting shall have the minimum Specific Intensity per unit area (SIA) as
shown in Table 15.3 expressed as "Candelas Per Footcandle Per Square Foot" Four levels
of performance relative to SIA are available to be selected by the purchaser for specific
uses. Measurement of SIA shall be conducted in accordance with the method as directed
by Company/EPC Contractor.
d. SPECULAR GLOSS

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 The reflective sheeting shall have an 85 degree specular gloss of not less than 50 for Type
III when tested in accordance with ASTM 0523.
e. COLOR PROCESSING

The sheeting shall permit cutting and color processing with compatible transparent and
opaque processinks in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations at
temperatures of 15 to 38˚C and relative humidity at 20 to 80 percent.
The sheeting shall be heat resistant and permit force curing without staining of applied or
unapplied sheeting at temperatures as recommended by the manufacturer. Color
processing for Type III material shall be restricted to sheeting with heat-activated adhesive
backing unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer.
f. SHRINKAGE.

A 229 mm by 229 mm reflective sheeting specimen with liner shall be conditioned a

minimum of 1 hour at 23˚C and 50 percent relative humidity. The liner shall be removed and
the specimen placed on a flat surface with the adhesive side up. Ten minutes after liner is
removed and again after 24 hours, the specimen shall be measured to determine the
amount of dimensional change. The reflective sheeting shall not shrink in any dimension
more than 0.80 mm in 10 minutes not more than 3.20 mm in 24 hours.
g. FLEXIBILITY.

Type III Sheeting Material: The sheeting, with the liner removed and conditioned for 24
hours at 22˚C and 50 percent relative humidity, shall be sufficiently flexible to show no
cracking when slowly bent, in one second's time, around a 3.20 mm mandrel with adhesive
contacting the mandrel. Note: For ease of testing, spread talcum powder on adhesive to
prevent sticking to the mandrel.
h. ADHESIVE.

The reflective sheeting shall include a pre-coated pressure sensitive adhesive backing
(Class 1) or a tack-free heat activated adhesive backing (Class 2) either of which may be
applied without necessity of additional adhesive coats on either the reflective sheeting or
application surface.
The Class 1 adhesive backing shall be a pressure sensitive adhesive of the aggressive tack
type requiring no heat, solvent or other preparation for adhesion to smooth clean surfaces.
The Class 2 adhesive backing shall be a tack-free adhesive activated by applying heat in
excess of 80˚C to the material as in the heat-vacuum process of sign fabrication.
The protective liner attached to the adhesive shall be removed by peeling without soaking in
water or other solvents without breaking, tearing or removing any adhesive from the
backing. The protective liner shall be easily removed following accelerated storage for 4
hours at 71˚C under a weight of 17 kPa.

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 The adhesive backing of the reflective sheeting shall produce a bond to support a 0.79 kg
weight for 5 minutes, without the bond peeling for a distance of more than 50.8 mm when
applied to a smooth aluminum surface.
i. IMPACT RESISTANCE

Type III reflective sheeting materials, applied according to the manufacturer's

recommendations to a cleaned, etched aluminum panel of alloy 6061-T6, 1.0 mm by 76 mm
by 127 mm and conditioned for 24 hours at 23˚C and 50 percent relative humidity, shall
show no cracking when the face of the panel is subjected to an impact of a 0.9 kg weight
with a 16.0 mm rounded tip dropped from a 1.13 Newton meter setting on a Gardner
Variable Impact Tester, 1G-1120.
j. ACCELERATED WEATHERING

When applied in accordance with recommended procedures, the reflective material shall be
weather-resistant and, following cleaning in accordance with manufacturer's
recommendations, shall show no appreciable discoloration, cracking, blistering or
dimensional change. Following exposure, the panels shall be washed with a 5 percent HCI
solution for 45 seconds, rinsed thoroughly with clean water, blotted with a soft clean cloth,
brought to equilibrium at standard conditions and tested. Type III reflective sheeting shall
have not less than 80 percent SIA when subjected to accelerated weathering for 2200 hours
in accordance with ASTM G152 & G153, Type E or EH Weatherometer with the humidifier
off.
k. INTENDED USE

The reflective sheeting specified herein is intended for use on surfaces of highway signs to
assure their optimum visibility by day and at night when exposed to a light source and
whether dry or totally wet by rain.
The Sub-contractor shall select colours as approved by the Company/EPC Contractor and
preferred options permitted herein and specify (1) the desired level of SIA as appropriate for
anticipated use and durability, and (2) the type of adhesive backing (Class 1, pre-coated
pressure sensitive adhesive or Class 2, heat activated adhesive) or other type of non-
adhesive backing as required.
i. All other materials for signs shall be as indicated on the Drawings and as specified
herein.
ii. All materials shall be new and shall be handled and installed in a workmanlike
manner in compliance with these specifications, the Drawings, and as directed by
Company/EPC Contractor. The Sub-contractor will not be permitted to store material
used for construction on the pavement or shoulder. Signs stored on or near the job
site shall be under a roof or otherwise covered for protection against weather and
dirt. Materials shall be stored in such a manner that they will not be on the ground or
come in contact with surface runoff water.

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l. LETTERS, NUMERALS, ARROWS, SYMBOLS, BORDER

Letters, numerals, arrows, symbols, border, and other features of the sign message shall be
of the type, size, and series indicated on the Drawings or as specified by Company/EPC
Contractor.
Colors shall be as specified herein or as indicated on the Drawings. Completed letters,
numerals, and other units shall be formed to provide continuous stroke width with smooth
edges and shall present a flat surface free of warp, blisters, wrinkles, burrs, and splinters.
Units of the sign message of the type indicated on the Drawings such as the letters,
numerals, symbols, border and other features of the sign message shall be cut from Type III
reflective sheeting of the color specified on the plans and applied to the reflective sheeting
of the sign field in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer of the reflective
sheeting.
Table 15.2 - Colour Specification Limits and Reference Standards Type III

Colour Chromaticity Coordinates* (Corner Points) Reflectance Ref. Std. ***

Limits (%Y) Y (Munsell Papers)
1 2 3 4
x y x y x y x y Min Max
White** .303 .287 .368 .353 .340 .380 .274 .316 27.0 5.0PB 7/1
Red .613 .297 .708 .292 .636 .364 .558 .352 2.5 11.0 7.5 R 3/12
Orange .550 .360 .630 .370 .581 .418 .516 .394 14.0 30.0 2.5YR 5.5/14 .0
Yellow .498 .412 .557 .442 .479 .520 .438 .472 15.0 40.0 1.25 Y 6/12
Green .030 .380 .166 .346 .286 .428 .201 .776 3.0 8.0 10 G 3/8
Blue .144 .030 .244 .202 .190 .247 .066 .208 1.0 10.0 5.8PB 1.32/6 .8

* The four pairs of chromaticity coordinates determine the acceptable colour in terms of the CIE
1931 standard colorimetric system measured with standard illumination source C.
** Silver white is an acceptable colour designation.
*** Available from Munsell Color Company/EPC Contractor: 2441 Calvert St. Baltimore MD
21218.

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Table 15.3 – Minimum Specific Intensity Per Unit Area (SIA) (Candelas Per Footcandle Per Square
Foot) Type III sheeting

1. Glass Bead Retro-Reflective Element Material

Observation Entrance
Angle (*) Angle (*) White Red Orange Yellow Green Blue
0.2 -4 250 45 100 170 45 20.0
0.2 +30 150 25 60 100 25 11.0
0.5 -4 95 15 30 62 15 7.5
0.5 +30 65 10 25 45 10 5.0

2. Prismatic Retro-Reflective Element Material

Observation Entrance
Angle (*) Angle (*) White Red Orange Yellow Green Blue

0.2 -4 250 45 100 170 45 20.0

0.2 +30 95 13.3 26 64 11.4 7.6
0.5 -4 200 28.0 56 136 24.0 18.0
0.5 +30 65 10.0 25 45 10 5.0
* Test samples are to be mounted in accordance with manufacturer's recommendation.

15.3.6 ALUMINUM SIGN PANELS

I. Extruded aluminum channels shall be used for all Guide Signs and shall be as
indicated on the Drawings.
II. The traffic sign panel blanks for "Warning and Regulatory Signs" shall be of sheet
aluminum with reflective sheeting all as specified herein and as indicated on the
Drawings. Sheet aluminum sign blanks 0.58 square meters or less in area shall not
be less than 2.03 mm thick; sign blanks 0.58 to less than 2.25 square meters in area
shall not be not less than 3.175 mm thick. Sign panels 2.25 square meters and
larger shall be extruded aluminum as specified herein and as indicated on the
Drawings.
The surface area shall be determined by calculating the area of the smallest
rectangle that will circumscribe an individual sign, except in the case of a triangular
sign. The area of a triangular sign shall be the net triangular area.
The aluminum sign blanks shall be free from laminations, blisters, slivers, open
seams, pits from heavy rolled-in scale, ragged edges, holes, turned down corners,
or other defects which may affect appearance or use for the intended purpose. All
blanks shall be as nearly uniform in thickness as is practicable and shall be
commercially flat. All shearing, cutting and punching shall be done prior to preparing
the sign blanks for the application of reflective material.

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 The sheared edges of all sign blanks shall be straight and free from tears and
raggedness and distortion of the metal. All punched or drilled holes shall be round,
free from tears and raggedness.
Aluminum sign blanks shall not come in contact with the steel posts. The Sub-
contractor shall provide a 1.6 mm thick neoprene pad between aluminum sign
blanks and steel posts complying with Company/EPC Contractor requirements.
Fittings, clip angles, flat sign mounting brackets, clamps, nuts, bolts, washers and
other fasteners shall also comply with Clause 1201.07, Aluminium for Signs, in
ADM: Standard Specifications, Version 2.0, Metal Works, of this Specifications.
III. Aluminum sign base material, before the application of reflective sheeting, shall be
prepared as follows:
1. The blank panel shall be given a preliminary cleaning by being completely
submerged in a 3 percent solution of an inhibited alkaline cleanser at 70oC to 80
o
C for 3 minutes, followed by a thorough rinse with clean, cold running water. As
an alternative, a grease solvent such as naphtha, or trichloroethylene may be
used, provided the application is in strict accordance with the directions of the
manufacturer of the cleaner.
2. Etching shall follow preliminary cleaning. This shall consist of immersion for at
least 3 minutes in a 6 to 8 percent solution of phosphoric acid at 40oC. The blank
panels shall then be rinsed in a spray of cold water, followed by immersion for
one minute in circulating hot water at 80 oC. Forced warm air or infrared lamps
shall then dry them.
3. If total immersion is impossible because of the length of the panels, 6 to 8
percent phosphoric acid at 40oC may be applied to the surface by swabbing,
brushing, or spraying, allowed to remain for 5 minutes, and then removed by a
cold water rinse, followed by drying with warm or forced air.
4. The metal shall not be handled except by a device or clean canvas gloves
between all cleaning and etching operations and the application of reflective
sheeting. There shall be no opportunity for the metal to come in contact with
greases, oils, or other contamination prior to the application of reflective
sheeting.
5. If a chemical conversion coating is used, the coating shall be light, tight, and free
from all powdery residues.
IV. When the reflective sheeting is applied to individual extruded aluminum channels,
the channels shall be assembled after the background sheeting has aged for 48
hours at 24oC. The channels shall be bolted together using the panel bolt assembly
indicated on the Drawings, which shall be on 60 centimeters maximum centers. Nuts
on panel bolts shall be drawn tight.
Side-trim molding shall be installed on both vertical edges of the extruded aluminum
panels after the clear finish has dried. Any damage to the clear film shall be repaired

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 and the contact between the molding and the reflective sheeting shall be edge
sealed as recommended by the sheeting manufacturer.

15.3.7 APPLICATION OF BACKGROUND SHEETING

I. The background reflective sheeting shall be applied to the aluminum sign panels or
extruded channels, which have been prepared as described above, in the manner
recommended by the manufacturer. Reflective sheeting shall be applied to all sign
faces by an approved vacuum or continuous roll applicator. The background
reflective sheeting shall adhere over and around the sides of all panels to a
minimum distance of 2 millimeters beyond the edges.
II. Type III sheeting with Class 1 pressure sensitive adhesive: Pressure sensitive
sheeting shall be applied to the individual extruded channels, to assembled panels
of extruded channels, and to those sheet panels that are too large for the approved
vacuum applicator. Type III sheeting shall be applied by a continuous roll applicator.
The process shall be in strict compliance with the recommendations of the reflective
sheeting manufacturer and shall be approved by Company/EPC Contractor.
III. Type III sheeting with Class 2 heat activated adhesive: Heat activated adhesive shall
be applied to sheet panels capable of being inserted in the approved vacuum
applicator. The legend for signs, which will have the legend, screened onto a Type III
(heat activated adhesive) reflective sheeting shall be added to the background
before the sheeting is applied to the panel.
IV. When vacuum applied, the pre-coated adhesive on the back of the Type III sheeting
shall be activated by a minimum temperature of 85oC and with a minimum vacuum
pressure of 635 millimeters of mercury. This operation shall be in effect for a
minimum of 5 minutes. After aging for 48 hours at 24oC the adhesive shall form a
bond equal to or greater than the strength of the reflective sheeting.
V. Splicing of reflective sheeting shall not be permitted on signs or panels with
dimensions up to and including 1.2 meters in height or width unless the reflective
sheeting specified does not come in this width, then the widest width of material
available shall be used. When sheeting joints are required, they shall be lap-jointed
with the top sheet overlapping the bottom sheet by no less than 5 millimeters. The
fabricator shall endeavor to use the least number of seams possible with the
horizontal lap preferable. Roller applied or reverse screened sheeting may be
buttjointed with joint gap not to exceed one (1) millimeter. No splice shall fall within 5
centimeters of the edge of the panel.
VI. Sign faces comprising two or more pieces of reflective sheeting must be carefully
matched for color at the time of sign fabrication to provide uniform appearance and
brilliance, both day and night. Noncompliance may result in non-uniform shading and
an undesirable contrast between adjacent widths of applied sheeting, which will not
be acceptable.
VII. Damaged reflective sheeting due to poor workmanship or defective material will be
rejected, and shall be replaced by the Sub-contractor.

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15.3.8 SIGN FACE LAYOUT
The preparation of the legend and backgrounds to be applied to the structural portion of the
sign panel shall comply with the following specifications unless modified by Company/EPC
Contractor.
a. SIGN LAYOUT - TRAFFIC SIGNS

The legend shall be applied to the reflective sheeting in the manner recommended by the
manufacturer, as specified herein and as indicated on the Drawings.
b. SIGN LAYOUT - GUIDE SIGNS

The shape, size, legend, and colors of all guide signs shall be as indicated on the Drawings.
I. The lettering shall consist of the Arabic script and English letters applied to the
background in the sizes, types and spacing indicated on the Drawings. The Arabic
letters shall comply with the proportions as established by in the Abu Dhabi City
Municipality Traffic Control Devices Manual. Arabic letters shall be based on the
“Naskh” Font and English letters shall be based on the “Transport” Font.
II. The sizes of both Arabic and English letters shall be governed by the size of the
English lowercase letter “x” according to the scales defined below

 English lowercase letters shall be 1.0x high

 English uppercase letters shall be 1.4x high

 English letter stroke width shall be 0.2x wide

 English text background tile height shall be 2.0x

 Aleph height of equivalent Arabic text shall be 1.4x high

 Arabic text background tile height shall be 2.8x

The reference English lowercase letter “x” for various sign types shall be determined
as set out below in table 15.4.
Table 15.4 – English lowercase letter “x”

Recommended “x” height by Speed Limit

Sign Type / Location 100 80k 60k 40k
kph ph ph ph
Overhead 300mm 250mm 200mm 200mm
Primary Guide Signs
Ground Mounted 250mm 200mm 150mm 100mm

Stack 125mm 100mm 100mm 75mm

Supplemental Signs
Symbol Only 250mm 150mm 125mm 100mm

Chevron Signs (Abu At Roundabouts 125mm 100mm 100mm 75mm

Dhabi Routes) At Intersections 125mm 125mm 100mm 100mm

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 Recommended “x” height by Speed Limit
Sign Type / Location 100 80k 60k 40k
kph ph ph ph
Chevron Signs At Roundabouts 150mm 120mm 120mm 90mm
(Emirates Routes) At Intersections 150mm 150mm 120mm 120mm
Gore Exit Signs 250mm 200mm 200mm N/A
Route Markers 250mm 150mm 150mm 150mm
General Information Signs 150mm 150mm 100mm 100mm

III. All guide signs shall be provided with a contrasting border around the perimeter of
the sign with the exception that when an exclusive exit-only white panel is placed at
the bottom of an overhead exit direction sign, no border is required on the white
panel. The border colour should be the same as the colour used for place name
lettering on the sign.
Sign borders should have the following dimensional characteristics where “x” is the
height of the lowercase lettering used for the sign:

 Width = 0.25x.

 Corner radius = 1.0x (to the outer edge of the border).

An internal dividing border should be used to separate the stacks of a stack type
direction sign. This border should have the same width as the outside sign border
but should not be provided with radii where it joins the outside border.
IV. The sign face layout of all guide signs should adhere to the internal spacing listed
below:

 Side space between border and right or left line of justification = 0.5x

 Minimum lateral space between a route number emblem and an arrow = 1.0x

 Minimum lateral space between text and a Type 5 or Type 8 arrow = 1.0x

 Minimum lateral space between text and a symbol or emblem = 0.5x

 Vertical space between the top border and nearest legend = 0.5x

 Vertical space between the bottom border and nearest legend = 0.5x

 Vertical space between an upper row of legend and a lower row of legend on a
horizontal stack type sign = 0.5x
The vertical space between Arabic and English text, or between two rows of Arabic
or two rows of English text, shall be dictated by the letter and number tiles and no
additional internal spacing is required.
The horizontal spacing between letters or numbers shall also be controlled by the
letter and number tiles which include the provision of a 0.5x wide blank tile for use
between consecutive words in a line.

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15.3.9 APPLICATION OF LETTERING
I. The legend for the standard international signs shall be applied directly to the Type III
background sheeting with cut out Type III sheeting.
II. Black letters on a white or yellow background shall be screened with an opaque black
stencil paste, as recommended by the manufacturer of the reflective sheeting. The signs
with silver-white letters on a red, blue, brown, or green background shall be applied to
the sheeting using the reverse screening process on a silver-white reflective sheet with
screen paste meeting the recommendations of the manufacturer of the silver-white
reflective sheeting.
III. For all other signs, the Arabic and English letters shall be cut out of Type III sheeting
and applied directly to the background sheeting.
IV. When the cut-out method is to be used, the Sub-contractor or the sheeting manufacturer
shall prepare templates for each letter and each height indicated on the Drawings, and
these templates shall be approved by Company/EPC Contractor. The templates shall be
used as guides for cutting the letters out of Type III reflective sheeting. Legend and
borders shall be reflective sheeting of the color specified on the Drawings and shall be
applied directly to clean, dust-free reflective sheeting background panels, and shall be
applied in a manner specified for the manufacture of traffic control signs by the sheeting
manufacturer.
V. Legend and/or borders shall be cut neatly at intersecting panel edges.
VI. The legend and border shall have clean, clear edges, true to line, and be strictly in
accordance with the Drawings as to design of letters and positioning on the sign.
VII. Applied legend and borders shall be finished with materials and in a manner specified
by the sheeting manufacturer. Finish shall be as indicated:
1. Type I adhesive coated sheeting legend and/or borders shall be edge sealed with
"Finishing Clear" after application to Type III backgrounds.
2. Sheeting cuts at intersecting panel edges shall be edge sealed with "Finishing Clear"
following application.
3. After message and/or border application, the complete sign including edges shall
befinished with a clear coating approved by the sheeting manufacturer.

15.3.10 INSTALLATION OF GROUND MOUNTED SIGNS

I. Unless otherwise noted on the Drawings, the location of the ground-mounted signs
(guide signs, special designation signs, warning and regulatory signs) indicated on the
Drawings is approximate and the exact location will be established by Company/EPC
Contractor in the field.
II. It shall be the responsibility of the Sub-contractor to determine the location of any
underground electric cable, drainage structures, or utility lines in the vicinity before
beginning his work, and he shall conduct his work so as to avoid damage to these

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 installations. The Sub-contractor shall refer to his approved shop drawings and record
drawings in locating utilities, drainage structures, and other underground facilities that
have been installed during the construction of the interchange or roadway. Any damage
caused by the Sub-contractor's operation shall be repaired by him, at his own expense,
and to the satisfaction of Company/EPC Contractor.
III. The Sub-contractor shall be responsible for the proper elevation, offset, and effective
orientation of all ground mounted signs. They shall be erected so that the face of the
sign is vertical and at an angle of 93 degrees to the centerline of the adjacent ramp or
roadway measured from the back tangent counterclockwise. Ground mounted signs on
ramps or curves shall be oriented as indicated on the Drawings, or by Company/EPC
Contractor, to provide the most effective display for both day and night. All signs shall
be complete and installed to the satisfaction of Company/EPC Contractor at the time of
acceptance of the work. Sign faces shall be examined by Company/EPC Contractor
both during conditions of daylight and darkness.
IV. When as notified by Company/EPC Contractor, the Sub-contractor shall cover certain
signs to facilitate and control the operation of the project. The covering shall consist of
burlap dyed with a green waterproof dye and shall extend over the edges of the sign
and be fastened on the back. The Sub-contractor shall not use any type of adhesive
tape on the face of the signs. Other methods of covering may be considered if approved
by Company/EPC Contractor.
V. The Sub-contractor shall replace, at his own expense, any sign or sign support included
in the Contract which is damaged from any cause whatsoever, including traffic damage,
prior to acceptance by Company/EPC Contractor.

15.3.11 FOUNDATIONS FOR SIGN SUPPORTS

a. EXCAVATION FOR GROUND-MOUNTED SIGNS

The holes for all foundations shall be excavated to the size and dimensions required for
construction of the foundations. All excavating and backfilling shall comply with Doc no. 23-
99-75-1601, “Specification for Site Preparation and Earthworks”. All unsuitable excavated
materials shall be disposed of by the Sub-contractor and shall not be used as backfill. All
backfill shall be approved material compacted, in layers not to exceed 150mm, to at least 95
percent maximum density in accordance with AASHTO T180.
b. FOUNDATIONS FOR GROUND-MOUNTED SIGNS

All concrete for ground-mounted sign foundations shall be cast-in-place using Class K250
concrete. All concrete work and reinforcement steel shall comply with Doc no. 23-99-75-
1603, “Specification for Concrete Supply & Construction” and Doc no. 23-99-75-1607,
“Specification for Structural Steel Works” respectively.
Forms shall include templates to hold the section of the stub post to be cast into the
concrete securely in place during the casting of concrete. The foundations shall be allowed
to cure a minimum of seven (7) days before erecting signs on the foundations.

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15.3.12 GROUND-MOUNTED SIGN SUPPORTS
I. The length of the pipe posts for special designation; the Sub-contractor shall determine
warning or regulatory sign panels indicated on the Drawings before ordering in order to
meet the existing field conditions and to comply with sign-mounting heights indicated on
the Drawings. After fabrication the pipe post shall be galvanized in accordance with
"Specifications for Zinc (Hot-Galvanized) Coatings on Products Fabricated from Rolled,
Pressed, and Forged Steel Shapes, Plates, Bars, and Strips," ASTM Designation
A123.All fabrication shall be completed and ready for assembly before galvanizing.
No punching, drilling or cutting shall be permitted after galvanizing. Any part of the pipe
on which the galvanizing has been damaged in fabrication, transit, or erection or where
bare metal is exposed shall be repaired by coating such surfaces with material
complying with Federal Specification MIL-P-21035, as recommended by the
manufacturer and as approved by Company/EPC Contractor.
II. The length of the structural shapes for guide sign panels indicated on the Drawings shall
be determined by the Sub-contractor before ordering in order to meet the existing field
conditions and to comply with sign-mounting heights indicated on the Drawings. The
structural shapes for ground-mounted guide signs shall be as detailed on the Drawings
and shall be the "breakaway" type where indicated on the Drawings.
After fabrication the post and stub post shall be galvanized in accordance with
"Specifications for Zinc (Hot-Galvanized) Coatings on Products Fabricated from Rolled,
Pressed, and Forged Steel Shapes, Plates, Bars, and Strips," ASTM Designation A 123.
The "break-away" assembly shall be constructed by attaching the structural shape to
the stub structural shape with high strength bolts and one flat washer on each bolt
between the plates as indicated on the Drawings. Shims may be used between the
plates to align the shapes. The bolts shall be tightened in a systematic order to the
required torque indicated on the Drawings. Then each bolt in turn shall be loosened and
retightened to the required torque in the same order as the initial tightening. The threads
shall be burred or center-punched at the juncture of the bolt and nut to prevent the nut
from loosening.
III. The size and number of pipe posts or structural shapes required to support respective
sign panel installations (guide, warning or regulatory signs) shall be as indicated on the
Drawings.
The pipe post or structural shapes shall be vertical. When two or three posts support the
same panel, they shall be erected vertical and parallel with each other with the tops of
the posts or shapes at the same height.
IV. Structural shapes required for support of ground-mounted guide signs shall be steel
wide-flanged beams of the size and shape indicated on the Drawings.
The structural steel sign posts shall be erected in a vertical position on a previously
prepared foundation, with the tops of the posts in each sign installation even, level with
each other, and extending 5 centimeters above the top of the sign panel or as directed

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 by Company/EPC Contractor. The faces of the supporting posts shall be flush with the
sign throughout the contact areas.
Springing or racking of posts to secure proper alignment will not be permitted.
V. All metal surfaces of ground-mounted sign supports shall be prepared and painted in
accordance with all applicable Clauses in ADM: Standard Specifications, Version 2.0,
Metal Works as directed by the Company/EPC Contractor.

15.3.13 SPECIAL DESIGNATION SIGNS

Special Designation Signs shall be erected in locations as directed by Company/EPC
Contractor. The purpose of these signs is to identify places of significant interest to the public
such as public gardens, clinics, public agencies and other similar landmarks. Appropriate sign
messages for each landmark shall be approved by Company/EPC Contractor.
The size and shape of the sign panels for Special Designations Signs shall vary in accordance
with the sign message given in both Arabic and English. Arabic lettering height shall be 10
centimeters (nominal) and English lettering height shall be 7 centimeters. Sign messages shall
be white lettering on a blue background with a 3 centimeter wide white border. All reflective
sheeting shall be high intensity grade.
Signs wider than one meter shall be mounted on two posts.
All requirements of Section 15.3, Traffic Signs, of this Specifications, shall apply to the Special
Designation signs.

15.3.14 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

No separate measurement or payment will be made by the Department for Section 15.3, Traffic
Signs, except as described below and as included in the Bills of Quantities.
a. WARNING AND REGULATORY SIGNS

Measurement for warning and regulatory sign installation will be by the square metre of sign
face measured to the nearest one-hundredth square metre of sign face area using the
dimensions shown on the drawings. The sign face area will be the nominal area determined
by multiplying height by length. No deductions will be made for corners, etc. The area for
circular or irregular shaped signs, (including "stop" signs) shall be determined by multiplying
the extreme width by the extreme height of the signs. No area shall be deducted for the
irregular shapes cut from this rectangle. The area for triangular signs shall be calculated by
the standard formula for the area of a triangle without deduction for corner rounding.
Payment for the Item, Warning and Regulatory Signs, (as indicated on the Drawings or
specified in the Bills of Quantities) will be made at the unit rate per square metre of warning
or regulatory sign faces as included in the Bills of Quantities, which rate shall be considered
as full compensation for furnishing all materials, labour, tools, equipment and
appurtenances for the complete fabrication and installation of the sign posts and signs as
indicated on the Drawings and as specified herein. More than one sign may be installed on
a single post or signs may be installed on light poles or traffic signal poles when required or

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 approved by the Company/EPC Contractor. Payment for the signs regardless of the number
or type of supports will be made by the square metre of sign face installed.
The work to be paid for under this item, shall include, but not by way of limitation, furnishing
and installing the required sign post(s) and sign post foundations; any treatment of the
sheet aluminium that might be required prior to the application of the reflective sheeting;
application of the reflective sheeting to the sheet aluminium; attachment of all reflective cut-
out letters, numerals, arrows, symbols, borders, and corner radii for sign borders as
indicated on the Drawings; fabrication of stiffeners that are required; furnishing all bolts,
rivets, screws, fasteners, clamps, brackets, and sign support connections; assembling and
erecting the sign panels; washing and cleaning the sign panels after erection; and all other
labour, materials, and incidentals necessary to provide signs complete as specified herein
and as directed by the Company/EPC Contractor.
b. GUIDE SIGNS

Measurement for guide sign panels of extruded aluminium mounted on two or more posts
will be by made by the square metre of sign face, measured to the nearest one-hundredth
square metre of sign face area using the dimensions shown on the drawings or approved by
the Company/EPC Contractor. The sign face area will be the nominal area determined by
multiplying height by length. No deduction will be made for corners, etc.
Payment for the Item, Guide Sign Panels (various type mountings) will be at the unit rate
per square metre of guide sign panel face as included in the Bills of Quantities, which rate
shall be considered as full compensation for furnishing all materials, labour, tools, and
equipment necessary or incidental to the construction of the completed sign in place as
indicated on the Drawings and as specified herein.
The work for this item, shall include, but not by way of limitation, furnishing and installing the
required sign post(s) and sign post foundations; any treatment of the extruded aluminium
that might be required prior to the application of the reflective sheeting; application of the
reflective sheeting to the extruded aluminium; attachment of all reflective cutout letters,
numerals, arrows, symbols, borders, and corner radii for sign borders as indicated on the
Drawings; fabrication of stiffeners and/or molding strips that are required; furnishing all
bolts, rivets, screws, fasteners, clamps, brackets and all support connections; assembling
and erecting the signs; washing and cleaning the sign after erection; other labour, materials,
and incidentals necessary to provide signs complete as specified herein and as directed by
the Company/EPC Contractor.
c. SPECIAL DESIGNATION SIGNS

Measurement for special designation sign installation will be made by the square metre of
sign face measured to the nearest one-hundredth square metre of sign face area using the
dimensions shown on the drawings. The sign face area will be the nominal area determined
by multiplying height by length. No deduction will be made for corners, etc.
Payment for the Item, Special Designation Signs, will be made at the unit rate per square
metre of special designation sign face as included in the Bills of Quantities, which rate shall

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 be considered as full compensation for furnishing all materials, labour, tools, equipment and
appurtenances for the complete fabrication and installation of the sign posts and signs as
indicated on the Drawings and as specified herein. More than one sign may be installed on
a single post or signs may be installed on light poles or traffic signal poles when required or
approved by the Company/EPC Contractor. Payment for the signs regardless of the number
or type of supports will be made by the square metre of sign face installed.
The work for this item, shall include, but not by way of limitation, furnishing and installing the
required sign post(s) and sign post foundations; any treatment of the sheet aluminium that
might be required prior to the application of the reflective sheeting; application of the
reflective sheeting to the sheet aluminium; attachment of all reflective cut-out letters,
numerals, arrows, symbols, borders, and corner radii for sign borders as indicated on the
Drawings; fabrication of stiffeners that are required; furnishing all bolts, rivets, screws,
fasteners, clamps, brackets, and sign support connections; assembling and erecting the
sign panels; washing and cleaning the sign panels after erection; and all other labour,
materials, and incidentals necessary to provide signs complete as specified herein and as
directed by the Company/EPC Contractor.

15.4. RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS

The pavement markers shall be as indicated on the Drawings, as specified herein and as
directed by Company/EPC Contractor.
The Sub-contractor shall include all materials, labor, tools, equipment and appurtenances to
complete the furnishing and installing of all pavement markers.
All types of pavement markers must comply with the dimensions and shapes indicated on the
Drawings and shall be installed at the locations indicated on the Drawings or where designated
by Company/EPC Contractor.

15.4.1 SAMPLES
The Sub-contractor shall submit samples, in accordance with Materials and Manufactured
Goods, of the Special Conditions of the Contract, of all specified materials for approval of
Company/EPC Contractor before delivery to the site.

15.4.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-REFLECTIVE MARKERS (TYPE NR)

Non-reflective markers (Type NR) shall have a ceramic base, be 10.2 cm in diameter at the
base and comply with the following requirements:
I. Ceramic markers shall consist of a heat-fired, vitreous, ceramic base and a heat-fired,
opaque, smooth matte surface to produce the properties required in this Specifications.
The color of markers shall be white unless otherwise indicated on the Drawings or
directed by COMPANY/EPC CONTRACTOR. The smooth matte surface shall not be
present on the bottom of the marker, which will be cemented to the road surface. The
markers shall be produced from any suitable combination of intimately mixed clays,
shales, talcs, flints, feldspars, or other inorganic material, which will meet the properties

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 herein required. The markers shall be thoroughly and evenly matured and free from
defects, which affect appearance or serviceability.
II. Ceramic markers shall be of uniform composition and free from surface irregularities,
cracks, checks, chipping, peeling, spalling, crazing, and other physical damage
interfering with appearance, application or durability.
III. Ceramic markers shall be precast in the form of a single based spheroidal segment
terminating in a rounded or squared shoulder where the spherical top meets the base.

The ceramic markers shall meet the following requirements:

Property Unit Value

Weight grams 125 minimum

Height mm 16.5-19.8

Diameter mm 97.8-102.9

Shoulder heig mm 2-3.6

Planeness of base:

Concavity mm 1.27 maximum

Convexity mm 1.27 maximum

Colour White

Glaze thickness mm 127 minimum

Mon hardness 6 minimum

Directional reflectance (white):

Glazed surface 75

Body of marker 70 minumum

Yellowness index (white):

Glazed surface 0.07 maximum

Body of marker 0.12 maximum

Strength kgs 310.I4 minimum

Water absorption % by weight 2.0 maximum

Bond Strength kg/cm² 49.21 minumum

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15.4.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR REFLECTIVE MARKERS (TYPE CR AND YR)
a. GENERAL

The color reflective markers (Type CR and YR) shall consist of a No. 380 aluminum alloy
shell with an integral stud. The shell shall contain two prismatic reflective faces, as indicated
on the Drawings, to reflect incident light from opposite directions. The markers shall be in
the shape of a shallow frustrum of a pyramid.
i. The outer surface shall be smooth and all corners and edges exposed to traffic must
be rounded. The base of the marker shall be approximately 127mm by 89mm with
an installed height of 21mm. The base of the marker shall have cast in the center a
45mm stud designed to secure the casting to the road. A stud longer than 45mm
may be used when approved in writing by Company/EPC Contractor (Note: the
45mm stud length was stipulated to allow installation of the marker on bridge decks
with 50mm asphaltic concrete overlays).
ii. The slope of the reflective face or faces shall be 30 degrees from the horizontal.
Each reflective surface shall have a minimum area of 12 square centimeters.
iii. The bottom surface and stud shall be free of scale, dirt, rust, oil, grease or any other
contaminant, which may reduce its bond to the epoxy adhesive.
iv. The color reflective markers (Type CR and YR) shall have reflective faces on two
opposite sides, one of which reflects white/yellow light and one of which reflects red
light; the body other than the reflective faces shall be as approved by Company/EPC
Contractor.
v. The reflective faces shall be molded of methyl methacrylate or acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS).
vi. The other surface of the shell shall be smooth except for purposes of identification
and shall contain methyl methacrylate reflective faces in the colors specified, with a
thin untempered glass bonded to the prismatic reflective face.
b. DEFINITIONS

i. Horizontal entrance angle shall mean the angle in the horizontal plane between the
direction of incident light and the normal to the leading edge of the marker.
ii. Observation angle shall mean the angle at the reflector between observer's line of
sight and direction of the light incident on the reflector.
iii. Specific intensity (S.I) shall mean candlepower of the returned light at the chosen
observation and entrance angles for each foot-candle of illumination at the reflector
on a plane perpendicular to the incident light.
c. OPTICAL PERFORMANCE

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 i. Form a 254mm diameter flat pad using #3 coarse steel wool. Place the steel wool
pad on the reflector lens. Apply a 22 kg load and rub the entire lens surface 100
times.
ii. The specific intensity of each crystal-reflecting surface after abrading at 0.2[1]
observation angle shall not be less than the following when the incident light is
parallel to the base of the marker.
Table 15.5 – The Specific Intensity

Horizontal. Ent. Angle Specific Intensity

0 3.0
20 1.2
Red reflectors shall not be less than 25 and yellow not less than 60 percent of the
above values given for white.
iii. A random sample of 5 markers of each type will be tested. The markers to be tested
shall be located with the center of the reflecting face at a distance of 1.524 meters
from a uniformly bright light source having an effective diameter of 5.1 millimeters.
iv. The photocell width shall be an annular ring of 9.4mm inside diameter and 11.9mm
outside diameter. It shall be shielded to eliminate stray light. The distance from light
source center to the photocell center shall be 5.33 millimeters. If a test distance of
other than 1.524 meters is used, the source and receiver dimensions and the
distance between source and receiver shall be modified in the same proportion as
the test distance.
v. Failure of more than 4 percent of the reflecting faces shall be cause for rejection of
the lot.
d. SPECIAL INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

i. Bore a minimum 29 mm diameter hole to a minimum depth of 48 mm into the

pavement. All loose and foreign material must be removed from the bored hole by
mechanical means or compressed air blast prior to application of adhesive.
ii. Apply to the cleaned hole and road surface a quantity of adhesive sufficient to
completely fill the hole and cover the base of the markers.
iii. Insert the marker stud into the hole and apply pressure on the marker. A small
amount of adhesive should extrude from the edges and an adhesive pad
approximately 2 mm thick should support the marker base.
iv. The requirements of all other Clauses in this section shall also apply to reflective
markers in addition to the requirements contained in this section.

15.4.4 ADHESIVE FOR PAVEMENT MARKERS

a. DESCRIPTION

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 The adhesive shall be furnished as two components, each packaged separately. The
components shall have the following composition:
Table 15.6 – The Adhesive by Component – Package A

Package A Parts by Weight

Epoxy Resin (1) 100.00

Titanium Dioxide (2) 7.31
Resin Grade Asbestos (3) 5.00
Talc (4) 37.64

Table 15.7 – The Adhesive by Component– Package B

Package B Parts by Weight

N-Aminoethyl Piperazine (5) 23.16

Nonylphenol (6) 52.00

Carbon Black (7) 0.22
Talc (4) 77.37
Resin Grade Asbestos (3) 1.00
The contents of packages A and B shall be thoroughly mixed. One volume or weight of
Package A shall be mixed with one volume or weight of Package B until a uniform gray
color is achieved without visible streaks of white or black. The maximum acceptable
variation in mix ratio shall be ±5 from the 50/50 ratio. (45A to 55B or 55A to 45B). The mix
ratio shall be determined by analysis for Nitrogen percentage in the mixed and cured
adhesive.
b. RAW MATERIALS

Raw materials for the adhesive shall meet the following specifications:
i. Epoxy Resin - Viscosity, 5-7 poises at 25oC; epoxide equivalent, 175-205; color
(Gardiner) 5 maximum; manufactured from epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A. The
reactive dilutant shall be butyl glycidal ether.
ii. Titanium Dioxide - TT-P-442. Type IV.
iii. Resin Grade Asbestos - Specific gravity, grams per milliliter, 2.45; moisture content,
% by weight, 2.0 maximum; surface area, square meters per gram – 60
approximately; reflectance, G.E. brightness, 72-76; nature of surface change,
electropositive (cationic); PH in water, 9.5; bulking value, liters per 45.36 kilograms,
18.17; oil absorption (DOP) kilograms per 45.36 kilograms, 54.43; refractive index
nd 25oC, 1.54 1.56; wet bulk density in water, after dispension, 2 grams per liter,
settling after 1 hour, 100 ml clean maximum; dry bulk density, kilograms per cubic
meter, 64.1.

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 iv. Talc - Percent passing U.S. No. 325 sieve, 94-96; maximum particle size, 70
microns; oil absorption (Gardiner-Coleman), 6-7 ml per 20 grams; fineness in oil
(Hegman) 1-2; specific surface, 0.5-0.6 square meter per gram; consistency (40%
suspension in linseed oil), 55-60 K.U.
v. N-Aminoethyl Piperazine - Color (APHA) 50 maximum; amine value, 1250-1350
based on titration which reacts with 3 nitrogens in the molecule; appearance, clear
and substantially free of suspended matter.
vi. Nonylthenol - Color (APHA) 50 maximum; hydroxyl number, 245-255; distillation
range, C at 760 mm, first drop 295 minimum, 5% 298 minimum, 95% 325 maximum;
water, % (K.F.) 0.05 maximum.
vii. Carbon Black - Federal Specification (U.S.) TT-P-343, Form 1, Class B.

c. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF MIXED ADHESIVE

Mixed adhesive shall meet the following requirements:

A blend of 1 part of component A and 1 part of component B shall exhibit the following
properties:
Gel Time (100 Gm Batch): 5-30 minutes
Tensile strength (1.6 mm film between
steel blocks cured 24 hours at 21 °C)
Tested at 21 ˚C: 70 kg/cm². (minimum)
Shore D Hardness: (Cured 24 hours at 21 ˚C)
Tested at 21 °C: 70-80
Tested at 49 ˚C: (Minimum) 30
Deformation Temp: (Minimum) 49 °C

15.4.5 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

The location of the markers indicated on the Drawings is approximate and the actual location
will be as directed by Company/EPC Contractor.
Shipments shall be made in containers, which are acceptable to common carriers and
packaged in such a manner as to ensure delivery in perfect condition. The Sub-contractor shall
replace any damaged shipments. Each package shall be clearly marked as to the name of the
manufacturer, type of marker, color, quantity enclosed, lot number, and date of manufacture.
The same manufacturer shall supply all markers on anyone project.
The Sub-contractor shall furnished certificates from an independent, reputable testing
laboratory acceptable to Company/EPC Contractor, certifying that the markers and adhesives
comply with this Standard Specification.

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When the project is complete, the markers shall be firmly bonded to the pavement. Lines
formed by the markers shall be true and the entire installation shall present a neat appearance.

15.4.6 SURFACE PREPARATIONS

All sand, dirt and loose extraneous material shall be swept or blown away from the marker
location and the cleaned surface prepared by one of the following procedures:
I. The pavement surface shall be heated by intense radiant heat (not direct flame) for a
sufficient length of time to char extraneous, organic surface contaminants but not to
exceed 11/2 minute.
II. The pavement surface shall be sandblasted for a sufficient length of time to remove all
surface contaminants and unsound particles but not so long as to expose buried
aggregate. A hot air blast shall be used to remove loose sand and dirt from the blasted
areas and ensure that the surface is completely dry.

15.4.7 MARKER PREPARATION

The resin-rich, waxy or greasy surface that characterizes the markers is not satisfactory as a
bonding surface. A satisfactory bonding surface may be secured by: (1) sanding off the bottom
of the marker, or (2) structurally bonding a layer of glass beads or sand into the bottom surface
during manufacture.
When it is necessary for the adhesive to achieve the minimum bonding strength within 15
minutes, the markers shall be preheated as described below.

15.4.8 ADHESIVE PREPARATION

The adhesive shall be maintained at a temperature of 15˚C to 29˚C before use and during
application.
Catalyst shall be added to the base just before the use and mixed to a smooth, uniform blend.
Unused mixed adhesive shall be discarded when catalytic action has caused stiffening and
reduction of workability or a small ball of jelled resin has formed in the center of the container.

15.4.9 PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND PERSONNEL

The Sub-Contractor shall protect all active utility lines shown on the drawings or encountered
during the excavation. If damaged, the Sub-Contractor shall repair or replace these lines. If
existing utilities are found to interfere with his work, the Sub-Contractor shall notify the
COMPANY and secure written instructions for further action.
The Sub-Contractor shall barricade open holes and depressions occurring as part of this work,
and post warning lights on property adjacent to or with public access. He shall operate warning
lights during hours from dusk to dawn each day and as otherwise required for safety.
The Sub-Contractor shall protect structures, utilities, pavements, and other facilities from
damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, washout, and other hazards created by his
operations.

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The Sub-Contractor shall plan and execute all aspects of the site work such that the safety of
personnel, the work and adjacent property is guaranteed and such that a minimum of
inconvenience is caused.

15.4.10 DUST CONTROL

The amount of dust resulting from site preparation and earthworks shall be controlled to prevent
the spread of dust to the facilities in plant site and to avoid creation of a nuisance in the
surrounding areas. Use of water will not be permitted when it will result in, or create, hazardous
or objectionable conditions.

15.4.11 CLEAN UP
Upon completion, leave project site clear of debris and surplus material resulting contract. All
debris and surplus material shall be disposed off plant limits in a manner meeting all local
authority requirements.

15.4.12 APPLICATION PROCEDURE

a. GENERAL

The mixed adhesive shall be applied to the prepared pavement area to be covered by the
marker and the marker pressed into place so as to squeeze out a small bead of adhesive
around the entire periphery of the marker. The required amount of adhesive per marker will
normally be in the range of 20-40 grams.
Markers shall not be affixed to the pavement until at least two weeks has elapsed from the
time of laying asphalt, unless a longer period is required by the adhesive manufacturer or
unless written approval is given by Company/EPC Contractor.
Lane markers shall be spaced and aligned as indicated on the Drawings and as directed by
Company/EPC Contractor. A displacement of not more than one centimeter, left or right of
the established guideline will be permitted. The Sub-contractor shall remove and replace at
his own expense all improperly placed markers. The markers shall be installed on dry
pavement.
b. STANDARD ADHESIVE SET

On roadway sections that are not open to public traffic, it shall not be necessary to preheat
the markers provided the adhesive develops the required bond strength of 124 grams per
square centimeter in less than 3 hours.
c. RAPID ADHESIVE SET

On roadway sections that are open to public traffic, the Sub-contractor shall preheat the
roadway surface and the markers so as to insure the bonding of the marker in not more
than 5 minutes. Bonding will be considered satisfactory by Company/EPC Contractor when
adhesive develops minimum bond strength in tension of not less than 124 grams per square
centimeter within 5 minutes.

ProjectNo.:P23001
DOCUMENT TITLE: ADCODOC. NO. 23-99-75-1602
Contract No. 15818.01
REV.: 1 DATE: 19/10/2015
SPECIFICATION FOR ROADS AND PAVING
Page 112 of 113
 Markers whose surfaces have been prepared by sanding or structural bonding beads may
be preheated in either the fluid heating bath or a dry oven controlled between 135˚C and
150˚C for not less than 10 minutes before setting. The sequence of operations shall be as
rapid as possible. Adhesive shall be in place and the marker seated in not more than 30
seconds after the removal of the pavement preheat or warm air blast. The marker itself shall
not have cooled more than one minute before seating. The length of the pavement preheats
or warming shall be adjusted so as to ensure bonding of the marker in not more than 15
minutes.

15.4.13 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

Measurement for non-reflective and reflective pavement markers on the motorway and on the
interchange will be by the number of each type installed, complete in place as indicated on the
Drawings and as directed by Company/EPC Contractor. Payment for the Items, Raised
Pavement Markers, Type CR, Type YR or Type NR, will be at the unit rates per number as
included in the Bills of Quantities, which rate shall be considered as full compensation for
furnishing and installing each unit and shall be deemed to include, but not be limited to,
materials, equipment, labor, protection from marring and other related costs, overhead costs
and profit and all work necessary to complete the Works in accordance with this Specifications,
as indicated on the Drawings and as directed by Company/EPC Contractor.

ProjectNo.:P23001
DOCUMENT TITLE: ADCODOC. NO. 23-99-75-1602
Contract No. 15818.01
REV.: 1 DATE: 19/10/2015
SPECIFICATION FOR ROADS AND PAVING
Page 113 of 113