Rendi Asmara

Conduction System

SA Node
 Internodal branch
 AV Node
 Hiss Bundle
 Purkinje Fiber
 Contraction
 The Electrocardiogram ( ECG )
• P wave : atrial
depolarisation R

• QRS complex :
ventricular T
depolarisation P

• T wave : ventricular
repolarisation Q
S

• Atrial repolarisation
hidden by QRS
P Wave
P Pulmonale
P Mitrale
PR Interval
QRS Complex
ST Segment
T Wave
Normal Sinus Rhythm

Rhythm : Regular
Rate : 60 – 100
P wave : Normal in configuration; precede each QRS
PR : Normal ( 0. 12 – 0.20 seconds )
QRS : Normal ( less than 0.12 seconds )
First-degree AV block

Rhythm : Regular
Rate : Usually normal
P wave : Sinus P wave present; one P wave to each QRS
PR : Prolonged ( greater than 0.20 seconds )
QRS : Normal
Second -degree AV block, Mobitz I

Rhythm : Irregular
Rate : Usually slow but can be normal
P wave : Sinus P wave present;
some not followed by QRS complexes
PR : Progressively lengthens
QRS : Normal
Second-degree AV block, Mobitz II

Rhythm : Regular usually;

can be irreguler if conduction ratios vary
Rate : Usually slow
P wave : Two, three, or four P waves before each QRS
PR : PR interval of beat with QRS is constant;
PR interval may be normal or prolonged
QRS : Normal if block in His bundle;
wide if block involves bundle branches
Third-degree AV block

Rhythm : Regular
Rate : 40 – 60 if block in His bundle;
30 – 40 if block involves bundle branches
P wave : Sinus P wave present; bear no relationship to QRS;
can be found hidden in QRS complexes and T waves
PR : Varies greatly
QRS : Normal if block in His bundle;
wide if block involves bundle branches
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
ST depresi dan perubahan gelombang T

• ST depresi dianggap bermakna bila > 1 mm di bawah garis dasar PT di titik J

• Titik J didefinisikan sebagai akhir kompleks QRS dan permulaan segmen ST

Bentuk segmen ST :

• up-sloping ( tidak spesifik )

• horizontal ( lebih spesifik untuk iskemia )
• down-sloping ( paling terpercaya untuk iskemia )

Perubahan gelombang T pada

iskemia kurang begitu spesifik

Gelombang T hiperakut
kadang2 merupakan satu-satunya
perubahan EKG yang terlihat
Anatomi Koroner dan EKG 12 sandapan

• Sandapan V1 dan V2 menghadap septal area ventrikel kiri

• Sandapan V3 dan V4 menghadap dinding anterior ventrikel kiri

• Sandapan V5 dan V6 ( ditambah I dan avL ) menghadap

dinding lateral ventrikel kiri

• Sandapan II, III dan avF menghadap dinding inferior ventrikel kiri
Unstable angina
Acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction.
Hyperacute T-wave changes are noted
Acute anterolateral myocardial infarction
High lateral infarction
Inferior myocardial infarction
Acute inferoposterior myocardial infarction
LVH
LVH
LVH
RVH
RVH
RVH