SITIO ARQUEOLOGICO TAZUMAL

Situado en el corazón del municipio de Chalchuapa, en el departamento de Santa

Ana, a tan solo 80 kilómetros de la ciudad capital de San Salvador.

Tazumal es un sitio singular que destaca las huellas dela civilización indígena que
dominó nuestro país antes de la era colonial, su significado “lugar donde se
consumen almas” en lengua nahua-quiché. Su primera referencia data del año
1892, registrado formalmente en 1940 por Stanley Boggs, quien tuvo la
oportunidad de identificar 13 estructuras.

Dentro de su estructura de 24 metros de altura, se encontraron tumbas con más

de 116 vasijas, joyería de jade, espejos de pirita de hierro, artefactos de juego de
pelota y cerámica con forma de lagartos.

En Tazumal se halla también la “Piedra de Las Victorias”, la cual es un monolito de

influencia olmeca, que presenta cuatro petrograbados distintos en sus cuatro lados
y pertenece al año 700 a.C.

Esta zona está dentro del área arqueológica occidental con una superficie
aproximada es de 10 km cuadrados; y donde también se localizan otros lugares de
igual riqueza histórica como Casa Blanca, El Trapiche y zonas aledañas.

Este sitio comprende una serie de estructuras que fueron el escenario de un

importante y sofisticado asentamiento maya que existió alrededor de los años 100
a 1200 d.C. el cual estuvo relacionado con Copán y con grandes influencias
teotihuacana y tolteca.
Dentro de estas arquitecturas se localizaron sistemas de drenaje de aguas,
tumbas, un juego de pelota, pirámides y templos que quedaron en completo
abandono en el año 1,200 d.C.
La construcción es al estilo maya sudoriental elaborada con piedra y barro al que
recubrieron con un repello de barro. Como trabajos de restauración fue que en los
años cuarenta recubrieron las estructuras con cemento.

Con el pasar del tiempo las pirámides han estado expuestas a las inclemencias
del tiempo que han obligado a las autoridades a cuidar con mayor celo las
estructuras que han estado en riesgo de derrumbarse. Tal fue el caso del año
2004, cuando una parte de las estructura #2 se derrumbó y motivó a que se
iniciaran excavaciones que solo confirmaron la pertenencia de este sitio al Imperio
Tolteca.
 TAZUMAL ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE

Located in the heart of the municipality of Chalchuapa, in the department of Santa

Ana, just 80 kilometers from the capital city of San Salvador.

Tazumal is a unique site that highlights the traces of the indigenous civilization that
dominated our country before the colonial era, its meaning "place where souls are
consumed" in the Nahua-Quiche language. Its first reference dates from 1892,
formally registered in 1940 by Stanley Boggs, who had the opportunity to identify
13 structures.

Within its 24-meter-high structure, tombs were found with more than 116 vessels,
jade jewelry, iron pyrite mirrors, ball-shaped artifacts and lizard-shaped pottery.

In Tazumal is also the "Stone of Victories", which is a monolith of Olmec influence,

which presents four different oil engravings on its four sides and belongs to the
year 700 BC.

This area is within the western archaeological area with an approximate surface
area of 10 square kilometers; And where are also located other places of equal
historical wealth as White House, El Trapiche and surrounding areas.

This site comprises a series of structures that were the scene of an important and
sophisticated Maya settlement that existed around the years 100 to 1200 d.C.
Which was related to Copán and with great Teotihuacan and Toltec influences.
Within these architectures were located water drainage systems, tombs, a ball
game, pyramids and temples that were completely abandoned in the year 1,200
AD.
The construction is a southeastern Mayan style made with stone and mud and
covered with mud. As restoration work was that in the forties covered structures
with cement.

Over time, the pyramids have been exposed to the inclement weather that has
forced the authorities to look after the structures that have been at risk of collapse.
Such was the case of 2004, when part of the structure # 2 collapsed and motivated
to start excavations that only confirmed the membership of this site to the Toltec
Empire.
 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
ENGLISH GRAMMAR RULES

We use the present tense:

1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.

I take the train to the office.

The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2. For facts.

The President of The USA lives in The White House.

A dog has four legs.
We come from Switzerland.

3. For habits.

I get up early every day.

Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
They travel to their country house every weekend.

4. For things that are always / generally true.

It rains a lot in winter.

The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
They speak English at work.
 FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD PERSON

You probably know what it means to write in the first person, but you may not be as
confident about using the second- or third-person point of view. Today we’re going
to focus on each of these three points of view.

In grammatical terms, first person, second person, and third person refer to
personal pronouns. Each “person” has a different perspective, a “point of view,”
and the three points of view have singular and plural forms as well as three case
forms.

FIRST PERSON
In the subjective case, the singular form of the first person is “I,” and the plural form
is “we.” “I” and “we” are in the subjective case because either one can be used as
the subject of a sentence. You constantly use these two pronouns when you refer
to yourself and when you refer to yourself with others. Here’s a sentence
containing both:

I (first-person singular) look forward to my monthly book club meeting. We (first-

person plural) are currently reading Never Have Your Dog Stuffed by Alan Alda.

The first-person point of view is used primarily for autobiographical writing, such as
a personal essay or a memoir. Academics and journalists usually avoid first person
in their writing because doing so is believed to make the writing sound more
objective; however, using an occasional “I” or “we” can be appropriate in formal
papers and articles if a publication’s style allows it. Joseph M. Williams, author of
Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace, agrees: “…deleting an I or we does not
make the science objective; it makes reports of it only seem so. We know that
behind those impersonal sentences are flesh-and-blood researchers doing,
thinking, and writing” (1).
Besides “I” and “we,” other singular first person pronouns include “me” (objective
case) and “my” and “mine” (possessive case). Plural first person pronouns are “us”
(objective case) and “our” and “ours” (possessive case). Those are a lot of forms
and cases, so the following example of a sentence that uses the first person—with
both singular and plural forms and all three cases—will, I hope, help identify the
different uses:

I asked Sam to help me with my Happy New Year mailing, and we somehow got
the project done early during the last week of December in spite of our packed
schedules. I’m quite proud of us and ended up calling the project ours instead of
mine.

SECOND-PERSON
The second-person point of view belongs to the person (or people) being
addressed. This is the “you” perspective. Once again, the biggest indicator of the
second person is the use of second-person pronouns: you, your, yours, yourself,
yourselves.

You can wait in here and make yourself at home.

You should be proud of yourselves for finishing this enormous project!
Stories and novels written in the second person exist, but they are much rarer than
narratives written from a first- or third-person perspective.

You are not the kind of guy who would be at a place like this at this time of the
morning. But here you are, and you cannot say that the terrain is entirely
unfamiliar, although the details are fuzzy.

THIRD-PERSON
The third-person point of view belongs to the person (or people) being talked
about. The third-person pronouns include he, him, his, himself, she, her, hers,
herself, it, its, itself, they, them, their, theirs, and themselves.
Tiffany used her prize money from the science fair to buy herself a new
microscope.
The concert goers roared their approval when they realized they’d be getting an
encore.
You can’t always rely on pronouns to tell you the perspective of a sentence. Not all
sentences include pronouns, especially in the third person:

Mike always hated school.

But if you look at this sentence and think “Mike isn’t me,” you can eliminate the first
person. You can also think “I’m not talking to Mike,” so that eliminates the second
person. You’re left with the third person.

Plenty of stories and novels are written in the third person. In this type of story, a
disembodied narrator describes what the characters do and what happens to them.
You don’t see directly through a character’s eyes as you do in a first-person
narrative, but often the narrator describes the main character’s thoughts and
feelings about what’s going on.
 CONJUGAR SEGÚN LA PERSONA

En la gramática inglesa conjugamos verbos para seis tipos de persona diferentes,

según sobre quién estás hablando. Esto también incluye el género.

PRIMERA PERSONA
I like pizza
he dont like soccer
she like flowers
i dont have wifi

SEGUNDA PERSONA
When you have an idea, do it, don’t let it sleep.
Have you seen my notebook? It was on my chair.
you at the door
You manage that excellent computer
You always miss classes
You eat on the floor

TERCERA PERSONA
1.- She washes her clothes every week – este ejemplo significa ”Ella lava su ropa
cada semana”
2.- He goes to the school in the mornings Рeste ejemplo significa Ӄl va a la
escuela por las mañanas”
3.- She writes on her journal before sleeping – este ejemplo significa ”Ella escribe
en su diario antes de dormir”
4.- The bar opens at 10 p.m. – este ejemplo significa ”El bar abre a las 10 de la
noche”
 ORACIONES NEGATIVAS

1. We do not like that. (A nosotros no nos gusta eso)

2. Doesn’t he work? (¿Qué no trabaja?)
3. I am not happy. (No estoy feliz)
4. I do not think so. (No pienso eso)
5. It was not right. (No estuvo bien)
6. He did not understand. (Él no entendió)
7. She was not there. (Ella no estuvo allí)
8. Didn’t you hear? (¿No escuchaste?)
9. Haven’t you been there? (No has estado ahí?)
10. No, I have not. (No, no he estado?)

ORACIONES PARA HACER PREGUNTAS EN INGLES

What do you like to eat? (¿Qué te gusta comer?)
Where does she work? (¿Dónde trabaja?)
When do they go on vacation? (¿Cuándo se van de vacaciones?)
Why do you study English? (¿Por qué estudias inglés?)
What are you thinking about? (¿En qué estás pensando?)
Where’s she driving to? (¿A dónde conduce?)
Who are they laughing at? (¿De quién te estás riendo?)
Who did you call last night? (¿A quién llamaste anoche?)
What did you do to yourself? (¿Qué te has hecho?)
Who called last night? (¿Quién llamó anoche?)
What happened to you? (¿Qué te ha pasado?)
Getting to know some Tourist attractions.
Work in pairs, read arid discuss the information. The find in the box the
missing name to complete the information.

1- Is shared with Guatemala and it has numerous attractions.

Legend says that a Mayan city lies on the bottom of the lake.

2. It is the second city in importance in the Department of, Cuscatlán,

in its neighborhood built in the first town of San Salvador in 1528.
Today ______________is well know at national and international level
for being the unique city that it preserves its natural way.

3- __________________ is considered one of the most important

archeological sites in El Salvador. It is located in San Juan Opico. You
can take bus Number 108 either at Western Bus Station or at Eastern
Bus Station.

4- __________________ is a ceremonial center dominated by a

central pyramid.
There are other pyramids in the surrounded area which covers about 6
squares kilometers.

5- To see the country´s finest collection of pre-Colombian artifacts, visit

the __________________in the capital.

6- It is situated in the Apaneca Mountains. It is home to the nation´s

greatest variety of flora and fauna. The forest is evergreen, even in the
most inclement of summers for this reason it is
called________________ .

7- _____________________ is an area just five miles (8 kilometers)

south of the capital.
It is home to Balboa Park. The park has picnic areas, a soccer field,
skating rinks, gardens, and footpaths through wooded areas.

8- ____________________ is located 138 kilometers from San

Salvador, this reserve forms part of the western mountains range and
borders Honduras and Guatemala. Since three countries meet at one
point, the reserve has come to be called El Trifinio.

9- ____________________ is ideal for mountain enthusiasts; this

extensive tropical forest is near the Izalco Volcano. A hotel is on its
peak. Cold and foggy weather.

10- _____________________ is a great draw for tourists. Just a few

miles from Cerro Verde (Green Hill), it offers some water sports
facilities.
 CONOCER ALGUNAS ATRACCIONES TURÍSTICAS.
Trabajar en parejas, leer y discutir la información. El hallazgo en el cuadro el
nombre faltante para completar la información.

1- Se comparte con Guatemala y tiene numerosas atracciones.

La leyenda dice que una ciudad maya se encuentra en el fondo del lago.

2. Es la segunda ciudad en importancia en el Departamento de Cuscatlán, en su

barrio construido en la primera ciudad de San Salvador en 1528. Hoy
______________ es bien conocido a nivel nacional e internacional por ser la única
ciudad que conserva su camino natural.

3- __________________ es considerado uno de los sitios arqueológicos más

importantes de El Salvador. Se encuentra en San Juan Opico. Usted puede tomar
el autobús número 108 en la estación de autobuses occidental o en la estación de
autobuses del este.

4- __________________ es un centro ceremonial dominado por una pirámide

central. Hay otras pirámides en la zona rodeada que cubre aproximadamente 6
kilómetros cuadrados.

5- Para ver la mejor colección de artefactos precolombinos del país, visita el

__________________en la capital.

6- Está situado en las montañas de Apaneca. Es el hogar de la mayor variedad de

flora y fauna del país. El bosque es de hoja perenne, incluso en los veranos más
inclementes por esta razón se llama ________________.

7- _____________________ es un área a sólo cinco millas (8 kilómetros) al sur de

la capital.
Es el hogar de Balboa Park. El parque cuenta con zonas de picnic, un campo de
fútbol, pistas de patinaje, jardines y senderos a través de zonas boscosas.

8- ____________________ se encuentra a 138 kilómetros de San Salvador, esta

reserva forma parte de la cordillera occidental y limita con Honduras y Guatemala.
Dado que tres países se reúnen en un momento, la reserva ha llegado a llamarse
El Trifinio.

9- ____________________ es ideal para los entusiastas de las montañas; Este

extenso bosque tropical está cerca del volcán Izalco. Un hotel está en su apogeo.
Clima frío y niebla.

10- _____________________ es un gran sorteo para los turistas. A pocos

kilómetros de Cerro Verde (Green Hill), ofrece algunas instalaciones de deportes
acuáticos.